World Studies Final Review

Time Period,Event, or Era

Ideas…important info…people…events

Eastern ReligionsHinduism: India, Reincarnation, one god & many godsBuddhism: Reincarnation, started by Siddhartha Gotama, Nirvana is the goal = noMore reincarnation, 4 Noble Truths = life is full of pain and sufferingKarma determines your reincarnationConfucianism: philosophy, 5 relationships, filial piety (respect parents)Daoism: created by Laozi, be like nature & avoid conflict, gov’t is unnatural & createsProblems, live according to “the way” or “the dao”

Middle Ages(500-1300’s)

Feudalism = structure of society (kings, nobles, lords, knights, serfs) owe loyalty to the Group above, Church has ultimate power in society, 1095 = crusades begin (holy warsBetween Christians and Muslims over the holy land / Jerusalem), Black Death wipesOut over 25 million.

Rise of Islam Muhammad (570-632) the prophet of Islam, kicked out of Mecca only to return withStrong following, Kaaba is center of Mecca, Koran = holy book of Islam, 5 pillars =

1. Profess your faith 2. pray 5x a day facing Mecca 3. Charity 2 ½% 4. Fast During Ramadan 5. Hajj to Mecca, Jihad = internal / external struggle, MuhammadDies = split into Sunni & Shiite Muslims

Renaissance(1350-1600’s)

Re-birth of classical culture from ancient Rome (begins in Italy), Humanism = focus On worldly concerns, Artists = daVinci & Michelangelo, Gutenburg invents printingPress, Martin Luther protests church & posts 95 thesis = Reformation, Scientific Revolution = view changes from geo to heliocentric (Copernicus), Newton revealsTheory of gravity…

European Exploration(1500-1600’s)

Countries Involved: France, Spain, Portugal, England…Goal: direct sea route to the East (China, India) to get spices & goods, Columbus underestimated globe = hitsNorth America, Cortez goes to Mexico & conquers Aztecs, Purpose = get natural Resources, land, power & spread religionColumbian Exchange = first global trade and exchange from East to West

The Enlightenment1600-1700’s

Trust in Human Reason to solve all social & government problems.Hobbes: life is nasty, brutish, short, enter into social contract for safetyLocke: natural rights = life, liberty & property, gov’t job to protect natural rights.Montesquieu: best government = 3 branches to balance powerRousseau: People are naturally good but corrupted by societyAll of these ideas contribute to the American Revolution

French RevolutionLate 1700’s

Society is broken into 3 estates, 3rd Estate (poor) are taxed unfairly and have no food.Tennis Court Oath = 3rd estate promise to write a new constitutions, July 14th 1789 =Storming of the Bastille = Spark to revolution, Reign of Terror = 2 year period whenRobespierre controlled revolutionary courts = killed if anti-revolutionary, Napoleon =Took control of France after the revolution…he tried to invade Russia in 1812 &Failed.

Industrial Revolution1800’s

Big Idea = shift from human/animal power to machine/factory power, agricultural toIndustrial, Urbanization = movement of population to cities, rapid population growth,Started in Great Britain (natural resources there) moved to America, Thomas Malthus =Concerned with pop. Outgrowing food supply, Adam Smith=Laissez Faire theory that

Gov’t keeps hands off the economy, Karl Marx = Communist Manifest, Haves will beOverthrown & lose control of Means of Production by have-nots, Darwin = evolution

ImperialismLate 1800’s – 1914

Imperialism = powerful European countries took over various parts of the world to Gain power, resources, slaves, spread religion.Imperial nations = Western European countries (England, France, Spain, Germany…)Imperialized = Africa, India, China, Southeast AsiaResistance = Sepoy Rebellion (India), Opium War (China), Boxer Rebellion (China)

WWI1914-1918

Princip shoots Archduke Franz Ferdinand = spark, Allies = France, Britain, Russia &U.S. (in 1917), Central Powers = Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire.Trench Warfare & no-mans land = stalemate along Western Front, 1917 = U.S. entersWar because of 1. Zimmerman note 2. Lusitania is sunk. 1917, Russia pulls out of warBecause of revolution led by Lenin. Nov. 11th, 11am 1918 armistice is signed ending Fighting. Treaty of Versailles punishes Germany for WWI.

Russian Revolution1917

1905 = Bloody Sunday (spark to revolution), 1917 = Feb & Oct. revolutions = Lenin& Bolsheviks take over, 1918-1920 = Civil War (reds vs. whites…reds win), 1918 = Czar Nicholas II abdicates and is killed, 1924 Lenin dies…Stalin takes over, Stalin Uses two FYPs to modernize, Purges kill thousands, Gulag = labor camps, 1953 = Stalin dies…by 1961 Russia begins process of De-Stalinization.

WWII 1933 = Hilter takes control of Germany, world appeases him, 1939 Hitler invades Poland = WWII begins. Hitler’s book = Mein Kampf = final solution. Dec. 7th, 1941 = Japan attacks Pearl Harbor = US involved in war, June 6th 1944 = D-Day = AlliedInvasion of France to defeat Hitler, Holocaust = Nazi plan, 6 million Jews killed,Concentration camps are liberated by allies , May 8th 1945 = VE day Pacific War = U.S. island hopping to Japan, Truman drops bombs: Hiroshima &Nagasaki, Japanese internment camps in U.S.

Cold War 1945-1991 (fall of Soviet Union), Nuclear Standoff between U.S. & Soviet Union,MAD = mutually assured destruction = kept us from using nukes, Cuban Missile Crisis = soviets place nukes on Cuba (Fidel Castro)…President Kennedy avertsDisaster (closest we came to nuclear war). Berlin Wall built in 1962, falls in 1989, it Split Berlin Germany, wall built by Soviets. Cold War ends in 1991 = fall of USSR