world war i ap world history. causes european rivalries competition over new markets & empires...
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World War IWorld War I
AP World HistoryAP World History
CausesCauses
European rivalriesEuropean rivalriesCompetition over new markets Competition over new markets & empires& empires
NationalismNationalismUnification, Alsace Lorraine, Unification, Alsace Lorraine, Slavic issues, Balkan warsSlavic issues, Balkan wars
MilitarismMilitarismGlorification of war & military, Glorification of war & military, conscription, increased size of conscription, increased size of armies and naviesarmies and navies
AlliancesAlliancesTriple Alliance – Triple Alliance – Germany, Germany, Austria-Hungary, & ItalyAustria-Hungary, & ItalyTriple Entente – Triple Entente – France, France, Russia, and Great BritainRussia, and Great Britain
The SparkThe Spark
June 28, 1914 June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) is assassinated by a throne) is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist groupSerbian nationalist group
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary blames Serbiablames SerbiaImposes severe conditionsImposes severe conditions
Russia supports Russia supports SerbiaSerbiaMobilizes forces and Germany Mobilizes forces and Germany declares wardeclares war
The WarThe War
Greeted with enthusiasm Greeted with enthusiasm by manyby manyBelieved it would be a six month warBelieved it would be a six month war
Alliance system dragged Alliance system dragged the entire continent into the entire continent into warwarGermany invades neutral Germany invades neutral Belgium & Britain declares warBelgium & Britain declares war
Schlieffen Plan - German Schlieffen Plan - German plan to defeat French in six plan to defeat French in six weeks & then turn and weeks & then turn and defeat the Russiansdefeat the RussiansFailed with the Battle of the Failed with the Battle of the Marne (Paris was saved)Marne (Paris was saved)
1914-19161914-1916Battle of Tannenberg (Poland-Battle of Tannenberg (Poland-1914) – severe Russian defeat 1914) – severe Russian defeat Western Front - stalemateWestern Front - stalemateBattle of Verdun (1916)Battle of Verdun (1916)Battle of Somme(1916)Battle of Somme(1916)
Gallipoli (Turkey – 1915)Gallipoli (Turkey – 1915)Allied invasion of Turkey by Australians & New Allied invasion of Turkey by Australians & New ZealandersZealandersAllies withdraw in 1916Allies withdraw in 1916
Innovations:Innovations: Poison gas, submarine warfare, machine Poison gas, submarine warfare, machine gun, airplane, tank, and trench warfaregun, airplane, tank, and trench warfare Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, & Hungary, Ottoman Empire, & BulgariaBulgariaAllies: France, Great Britain, and Allies: France, Great Britain, and Italy (had changed sides), (U.S. will Italy (had changed sides), (U.S. will join)join)
19171917
U.S enters warU.S enters warPublic opinion had been dividedPublic opinion had been dividedLusitaniaLusitania sunk in 1915 (pg. 755) sunk in 1915 (pg. 755)Zimmerman telegramZimmerman telegramUnrestricted submarine warfareUnrestricted submarine warfare
Russian RevolutionRussian RevolutionTerrible hardships caused by warTerrible hardships caused by warSoldiers & civilians sufferSoldiers & civilians sufferBread riots in St. PetersburgBread riots in St. PetersburgCzar Nicholas II abdicatesCzar Nicholas II abdicates
Provisional Government Provisional Government takes over in Russiatakes over in RussiaDoes not withdraw from warDoes not withdraw from war
Civil War in RussiaCivil War in Russia
Two groups vie for Two groups vie for control of Russiacontrol of RussiaMensheviks & BolsheviksMensheviks & Bolsheviks
Mensheviks Mensheviks The majorityThe majorityBelieved in a mass led Believed in a mass led socialist revolutionsocialist revolution
BolsheviksBolsheviksLed by Vladimir LeninLed by Vladimir LeninThe minorityThe minorityBelieved in a socialist Believed in a socialist revolution led by a small grouprevolution led by a small group
Civil War in RussiaCivil War in Russia
Three year warThree year warRed Army defeats the Red Army defeats the White ArmyWhite ArmyCzar & family are killed in Czar & family are killed in 19181918Bolsheviks now call Bolsheviks now call themselves cthemselves communists ommunists Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Lenin signed to end war Lenin signed to end war with Germanywith GermanyLose much western territory Lose much western territory and 1/3 of populationand 1/3 of population
World War I EndsWorld War I Ends
American entrance tips American entrance tips scales in Allies’ favorscales in Allies’ favorGained industrial & human Gained industrial & human resourcesresources
Was a global warWas a global warAsia, Africa, & Middle East alsoAsia, Africa, & Middle East also
9 million soldiers killed9 million soldiers killed21 million soldiers 21 million soldiers woundedwounded13 million civilian 13 million civilian casualtiescasualties
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Proposes Proposes Fourteen Fourteen Points Points to prevent to prevent future warsfuture warsNo reparationsNo reparations
League of NationsLeague of Nations
Recognition of freedom of the Recognition of freedom of the seas & tradeseas & trade
Limitations on armsLimitations on arms
Self ruleSelf rule
End of secret alliancesEnd of secret alliances
Just settlement of colonial claimsJust settlement of colonial claims
Treaty of Versailles (1919)Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Very severe on Germany – Very severe on Germany – was meant to be punitivewas meant to be punitiveReduced German armyReduced German armyBanned conscriptionBanned conscriptionBanned manufacture of major war Banned manufacture of major war weaponsweaponsReduced Germany’s size Reduced Germany’s size Alsace-Lorraine was returned to Alsace-Lorraine was returned to FranceFranceTreaty of Brest-Litovsk was revokedTreaty of Brest-Litovsk was revokedAllied forces would occupy the Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland region of GermanyRhineland region of GermanyStripped Germany of all overseas Stripped Germany of all overseas coloniescoloniesDemanded that Germany accept Demanded that Germany accept blame for the war & pay war blame for the war & pay war reparationsreparations
Results of World War IResults of World War I
Loss of global power for EuropeLoss of global power for Europe
Rise of the U.S. and JapanRise of the U.S. and Japan
Rise of Bolshevism in RussiaRise of Bolshevism in Russia
Increased nationalism among European Increased nationalism among European colonies around the worldcolonies around the world
Political and social power shifts in several Political and social power shifts in several nationsnations