WORLD WAR I

THE ROAD TO WAR

Warm Up China and Japan1. Why did the British start trading Opium in

the first place?2. What was the Tai Ping Rebellion’s purpose?3. Explain the Sino-Japanese War:4. Define Open Door Policy:5. What group wanted to bring back glory to

China?JAPAN

1. Define Indemnity2. Who opened Japan for trade?3. Emporer Meji means what?

Warm Up WWI pg. 1-21. MAIN causes of WWI2. Assassination of _________ started WWI? 3. Define Ultimatum: 4. process of assembling troops and supplies

and making them ready for war 5. Who creates a plan for attacking France?6. Why does it not work?7. Explain trenches:

Warm Up International Rivalries1. Who is in the Triple Alliance?2. Who is in the Triple Entente?3. Who is the leader of Germany during this time?4. Explain the Moroccan crises?5. Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece declare war

on____________________6. MAIN causes of WWI7. Assassination of _________ started WWI? 8. Why was he assassinated? 9. What group assassinated the archduke?

The Road to War: Four M.A.I.N. Causes• Militarism–Massive build up of arms leads to an arms

race•New weapons and large standing armies

to display their might–Great Britain vs. Germany in a naval race• Traditional British policy is to have their

fleet, which is vital to guarding their shipping lanes, to be larger than the combined fleets of any two rival nations

•Wilhelm II initiates a large build up of Germany’s navy

–War as a unifying force• Alliances–Divides Europe into rival camps• Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

–Turns a conflict between two nations into a global war

• Imperialism–Rush for colonies leads to rivalries• Clashes over territory and competition for

resources and markets–Germany comes late to the game and wants

colonies, even going so far as trying to take Morocco from France• Rest of Europe, particularly Britain,

supports France and makes Germany back down

• Nationalism–Pride in one’s country – each nation thinks

they are the best• Best and largest armies, most colonies•Want to prove they are the best through

war–Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary fails to

appease separatist movements–Serbia wants Bosnia to be independent and is

angry with Austria-Hungary–France is still angry over the Franco-Prussian

War

• They want revenge and Alsace-Lorraine back• a territorial entity created by the German Empire in 1871

after the annexation of most of Alsace and parts of Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War.

• The immediate cause: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand–Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-

Hungarian throne, is visiting Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia) with his pregnant wife Sophia– June 28, 1914 – a bomb is thrown in the

Archduke’s car, but the attempt fails

• The car speeds away and makes a wrong turn, which allows Gavrilo Princip to shoot and kill both the Archduke and his wife• Princip was a member of the Black

Hand, a secret Serb nationalist group–Princip is arrested and identified as a

Serb

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCTIaiiGB4o

War Begins• Austria is furious and wants to attack Serbia,

but fears Russia will interfere on Serbia’s behalf–Turns to ally Germany, who issues a “blank

check”, stating that Austria can rely on German support no matter what–Austria issues an ultimatum to Serbia on July

25

•Ultimatum = a list of demands• Some of the demands are humiliating

and outrageous, so Serbia rejects some of the demands

• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia on July 28–The same day Czar Nicholas II orders the

mobilization of the Russian army against Austria-Hungary•Mobilization = process of assembling

troops and supplies and making them ready for war

• In 1914 mobilization is considered an act of war

–Some of the mobilization took place along the German border and Germany declares war on Russia on August 1st

• due to its war plan, Germany then declares war on France on August 3rd

–Plan calls for invading France by going through neutral Belgium

• Issues an ultimatum to Belgium demanding the right for German troops to pass through Belgian territory

–On August 4th Germany invades Belgium and Great Britain declares war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality

• Now most European powers are involved–Will be a war of attrition = wearing down of

the enemy’s resources and morale• World War I, or the Great War, has begun–Germany and Austria-Hungary become

known as the Central Powers –France, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium, and

Serbia become the Allied Powers

The Schlieffen Plan• The Schlieffen Plan is the German war plan

based on a two front war against France and Russia

• The Schlieffen Plan:–Send 90% of army against France–Send 10% of army against Russia–Need a quick victory against France so they

can turn entire army against slower mobilizing Russia

• Why Implemented:–Thought Russia would take a long time to

mobilize–France had built fortresses along the

French-German border – must go through Belgium–Need a quick win – speed is essential

• Why fails:–Belgium resists and Great Britain enters the

war–Russia mobilizes faster than expected and

invades eastern Germany–Germany has to move troops from France to

protect the German border against Russia–French victory at the Battle of the Marne

• Plan 17 – the military plan of France–Straight drive from Paris to Berlin

Early Battles• At the start of the war, a series of clashes

between German troops against French and British was known as the Battle of the Frontiers–Resulted in German victories–The Schlieffen Plan calls for German troops

to sweep around Paris and surround most of the French army–Almost succeed: are 30 miles from Paris by

Sept. 1st

• First Battle of the Marne–German army makes some mistakes, officer

makes a wrong turn–Ends in a German defeat and the Allies push

Germany back• Leads to a stalemate and both sides dig

trenches for protection and shelter

Order of Entry in World War I1. First nation in the war after its heir was assassinated:2. This nation was the second one in the war after members

of a terrorist group assassinated the heir to the first nation:

3. AS a result of the above, this third nation entered the war to protect the second nation:

4. Because the third nation mobilized near its borders, this fourth nation entered the war:

5. Due to its plan of attack consisting of a two front war, the fourth nation declared war on this fifth nation:

6. This sixth nation was invaded to get to the fifth nation:7. The invasion of the sixth nation brought this seventh

nation into the war: