World War IWorld War I“The Great War”World War IWorld War I

“The Great War”

US HistoryUS History

Causes of WWICauses of WWI• Nationalism – Strong

pride/belief in your country• Imperialism – Quest for

colonial empires• Militarism – Glorification of

military strength– Arms race

• Alliances – Promise to aid each other– Germany, Austria-Hungary,

Italy, and Bulgaria (Central Powers)

– France, Russia, Great Britain (Triple Entente)

• Nationalism – Strong pride/belief in your country

• Imperialism – Quest for colonial empires

• Militarism – Glorification of military strength– Arms race

• Alliances – Promise to aid each other– Germany, Austria-Hungary,

Italy, and Bulgaria (Central Powers)

– France, Russia, Great Britain (Triple Entente)

The Beginnings in Europe

The Beginnings in Europe• Balkan feuds• June 28, 1914

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalists

• Ultimatum by Austria-Hungary

• Alliances bring war

• Balkan feuds• June 28, 1914

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalists

• Ultimatum by Austria-Hungary

• Alliances bring war

US Neutrality?US Neutrality?

• Not our war• But tied to Europe anyway…• Problems with neutrality• Arabic & Sussex Pledges

– Germany would warn non-military targets at sea & not use unrestricted sub warfare

• Trade continues…• US Prepares…for war or peace?

• Not our war• But tied to Europe anyway…• Problems with neutrality• Arabic & Sussex Pledges

– Germany would warn non-military targets at sea & not use unrestricted sub warfare

• Trade continues…• US Prepares…for war or peace?

The US Goes to WarThe US Goes to War

• Zimmerman Note + Submarine warfare lead to…

• US Declaration of War

• Zimmerman Note + Submarine warfare lead to…

• US Declaration of War

The European WarThe European War

• Western Front/Trench Warfare– Thought cavalry and charges

(quick, decisive battles– Instead battered and bloodied

stalemate– Trench warfare from North Sea

to Switzerland• New Weapons

– Machine Gun– Tanks– Poison Gas– Modern Airplanes and

Submarines• The AEF joins in (American

Expeditionary Force)

• Western Front/Trench Warfare– Thought cavalry and charges

(quick, decisive battles– Instead battered and bloodied

stalemate– Trench warfare from North Sea

to Switzerland• New Weapons

– Machine Gun– Tanks– Poison Gas– Modern Airplanes and

Submarines• The AEF joins in (American

Expeditionary Force)

Trench Warfare

The Home Front…The Home Front…

• Wilson’s Preparedness Program– “Mobilization of men,

money, machines & minds”

– Selective Service Act, 1917

– Ship Building Campaigns

– Liberty Bonds & Victory Loans

• Wilson’s Preparedness Program– “Mobilization of men,

money, machines & minds”

– Selective Service Act, 1917

– Ship Building Campaigns

– Liberty Bonds & Victory Loans Woodrow Wilson

Fighting the War at Home

Fighting the War at Home

• War Industries Board• Fuel Administration• Food Administration• Committee on Public

Information• Civil Liberties

– Espionage Act– Trading with the

Enemies Act– Sedition Act

• National War Labor Board

• War Industries Board• Fuel Administration• Food Administration• Committee on Public

Information• Civil Liberties

– Espionage Act– Trading with the

Enemies Act– Sedition Act

• National War Labor BoardWWI US Propaganda Poser

CasualtiesCasualties

SurrenderSurrender

• Germany surrenders on November 11, 1918– The cease fire goes into place at 11

AM on 11/11/1918 (Armistice Day)

• Peace Conference set for January 1919 - Paris

• Germany surrenders on November 11, 1918– The cease fire goes into place at 11

AM on 11/11/1918 (Armistice Day)

• Peace Conference set for January 1919 - Paris

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points• Wilson’s Plan for World Peace.

• 9 Points – Self Determination.– The right of people to

govern themselves.– Settles territorial disputes.

• 4 Points – Causes of War.– Secret Diplomacy, Arms

Race, Violation of freedom of the seas, and Trade Barriers.

• 1 Point – League of Nations.– Set up an international body

designed to prevent offensive wars.

• Wilson’s Plan for World Peace.

• 9 Points – Self Determination.– The right of people to

govern themselves.– Settles territorial disputes.

• 4 Points – Causes of War.– Secret Diplomacy, Arms

Race, Violation of freedom of the seas, and Trade Barriers.

• 1 Point – League of Nations.– Set up an international body

designed to prevent offensive wars.

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference• Big Four

– David Lloyd George – Great Britain

– Georges Clenemceau – France

– Vittorio Orlando – Italy– Woodrow Wilson – U.S.

• Italy, France, and Great Britain want revenge

• United States wants to “end all wars”

• Six months of debate until reach a decision

• Big Four– David Lloyd George –

Great Britain– Georges Clenemceau –

France– Vittorio Orlando – Italy– Woodrow Wilson – U.S.

• Italy, France, and Great Britain want revenge

• United States wants to “end all wars”

• Six months of debate until reach a decision

The “Big Four”

Treaty of Versailles“Harsh and Humiliating”Treaty of Versailles“Harsh and Humiliating”

Terms.• Germany and the Ottoman Empire were

divided among the Allies.• France reclaimed territory lost to

Germany.• 15 years – Germany disarmed.• Germany forced to admit full

responsibility for the War.• Germany charged billions of dollars in

reparations.

Terms.• Germany and the Ottoman Empire were

divided among the Allies.• France reclaimed territory lost to

Germany.• 15 years – Germany disarmed.• Germany forced to admit full

responsibility for the War.• Germany charged billions of dollars in

reparations.

Before the Great WarBefore the Great War

After the Great WarAfter the Great War

League of NationsLeague of Nations

• Set up under the Treaty• Resolve disputes

peacefully• Established a waiting

period• Economic Pressure• Force• “Respect and Preserve”

all other member nations

• Set up under the Treaty• Resolve disputes

peacefully• Established a waiting

period• Economic Pressure• Force• “Respect and Preserve”

all other member nations

US ReactionUS Reaction

• Senate refused to approve treaty– If a member, U.S. forced to go to war

in defense of any League member– Wilson refused to compromise

• League – set up in Geneva, Switzerland without the U.S.

• Senate refused to approve treaty– If a member, U.S. forced to go to war

in defense of any League member– Wilson refused to compromise

• League – set up in Geneva, Switzerland without the U.S.