world war ii 1939-1945 chapter 16. chapter 16, section 1 hitler’s lightening war

World War II 1939-1945 Chapter 16

Chapter 16, Section 1 Hitlers Lightening War

Germany Sparks a New War in Europe In the 1930s, Hitler continued to grab territory in Europe In 1939, Hitler demanded the Polish corridor be returned to Germany Hitler and Stalin had signed a nonaggression pact, and part of the pact was that Germany and the Soviet Union would divide Poland between them

Germanys Lightening Attack On September 1, 1939, Hitler launched a surprise attack to take Poland France and Great Britain declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, but Hitler had already taken Poland This was the first test of Germanys military strategy, blitzkrieg, or lightening war It involved taking enemies quickly and by surprise

The Soviets Make Their Move On September 17, 1939, Stalin sent troops to occupy the eastern half of Poland He then annexed Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, but Finland resisted Stalin sent one million Soviet troops to Finland The Soviets suffered heavy losses, but finally won and by March 1940, Finland was under Soviet control

The Phony War The French and British mobilized their armies and stationed troops along the Maginot Line, along the France/German border German soldiers were a few miles away at the Siegfried Line, and both sides were bored waiting for action On April 9, 1940, Hitler launched a surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway and captured both

The Fall of France In May 1940, Hitler began to sweep through the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, keeping the Allies attention there He then sent a larger force of tanks and troops through the Ardennes (a wooded area in northern France) Moving through the forest, German troops fought their way around the Maginot line

Rescue at Dunkirk By May 1940, the Germans had cornered the Allies around the French city of Lille The Allies retreated to the beaches of Dunkirk, but were trapped Britain sent a fleet of 850 ships across the channel along with many passenger boats and from May 26 th to June 4 th, 338,000 soldiers were rescued and sailed back to Britain under heavy fire

France Falls By June 14 th, 1940, Germany had captured Paris French leaders surrendered on June 22 nd, 1940, and the Germans took control of the northern part of the country After France fell, Charles de Gaulle, a French general, set up a government-in-exile in London and organized the Free French military forces

The Battle of Britain Great Britain now stood alone against the Nazis Winston Churchill, the British prime minister, declared the British would never give in Hitler planned an invasion of Great Britain In Summer 1940, the Luftwaffe (Germanys air force) began bombing Great Britain, eventually focusing on the cities such as London to break morale

The Battle of Britain, Cont. The RAF (Britains Royal Air Force) began to hit back hard With the help of radar and the ability to intercept German codes, RAF fliers could quickly launch attacks on Germany The Battle of Britain continued until May 10, 1941, when Hitler called off his attacks stunned by British resistance

The Mediterranean and the Eastern Front The resistance of the British in the Battle of Britain caused a shift in Hitlers strategy in Europe Hitler decided to leave Great Britain for later, and turned his attention east Hitler focused on the Mediterranean area, the Balkans, and the Soviet Union

Axis Forces Attack North Africa Germanys first objective in the Mediterranean was North Africa, mainly because of Hitlers ally, Italy In September 1940, Mussolini ordered his army to attack British-controlled Egypt Within a week, the Italians had pushed 60 miles inland, forcing British troops back

Britain Strikes Back In December, the British struck back at the Italians in Egypt By February 1941, the British had pushed the Italians back and taken 130,000 prisoners The Germans sent in reinforcements in March 1941 under the command of General Erwin Rommel, known as the Desert Fox By June 1942, Rommel and the Germans pushed the British out of Egypt, a shattering loss for the Allies

The War in the Balkans Hitler has begun planning to attack the Soviet Union as early as the summer of 1940 To prepare for invasion of the USSR, Hitler moved to expand his influence in the Balkans By early 1941, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary joined the Axis powers under threat In April 1941, Hitler invaded Yugoslavia and Greece and took both

Hitler Invades the Soviet Union With the Balkans under his control, Hitler could move forward with Operation Barbarossa, his plan to invade the Soviet Union On June 22, 1941, Germany attacked, and the Russians again used the scorched-earth policy By November, Germans had taken Leningrad and planned to stave the city to force a surrender

Hitler Invades the Soviet Union, Cont. Impatient with the lack of progress in Leningrad, Hitler looked towards Moscow, the Soviet capital By December 1941, the Germans were right outside the city in summer uniforms Hitler ordered no retreat, and the Germans were pushed back Germany gained nothing from invading the Soviet union, but 500,000 German troops died in the campaign

The U.S. Aids Its Allies In September 1939, Roosevelt asked Congress to allow the Allies to buy American arms Under the Lend-Lease Act of 1941, the U.S. could lend or lease supplies to the Allies Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly and issued the Atlantic Charter, upholding free trade among nations Roosevelt ordered navy commanders to shoot German U- boats on sight

Chapter 16, Section 2 Japans Pacific Campaign

Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor To stop the Japanese advance in the Pacific, the U.S. sent aid to strengthen Chinese resistance When the Japanese overran French Indochina, Roosevelt cut off oil shipments to Japan Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto called for an attack on the American naval fleet in Hawaii

Day of Infamy Japan attacked the U.S. naval base of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941 The next day, Roosevelt addressed Congress and declared December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy The United States declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941

Japanese Victories In January 1942, the Japanese invaded the Philippines, and fought Allied troops over the Bataan Peninsula The Japanese took the peninsula in April My mid-1942, Japan had control of over 1 million square miles of Asia The Japanese were ruthless with their new colonies and especially with captured POWs On the Bataan Death March, a march of over 50 miles of the peninsula, the Japanese killed over 16,000 prisoners

The Allies Strike Back In April 1942, 16 B-25 bombers under the command of Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle bombed Tokyo in response to Pearl Harbor In May, the Allies stopped Japans southward advance at the Battle of the Coral Sea In June, the Allies won a huge victory in the Battle of Midway, where they stopped Japan from taking Midway island and turned the tide of the war

An Allied Offensive The war in the Pacific involved vast distances and hundreds of islands General Douglas MacArthur, commander of Allied land forces in the Pacific, decided to island hop past Japanese strongholds and get closer to Japan In August 1942, the Allies landed at the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon islands and won the Battle of Guadalcanal

Chapter 16, Section 3 The Holocaust

The Holocaust Begins The Nazis proposed a new racial order for Europe They proclaimed the Germanic peoples, or Aryans, were a master race, and non-Aryans (particularly Jews) were inferior They passed the Nuremburg laws in 1935 to deprive Jews of their rights This marked the beginning of the Holocaust, the systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior by the Nazis

A Flood of Refugees After Kristallnacht, some Jews realized that the violence was just beginning By the end of 1939, many German Jews fled to other countries After admitting tens of thousands of Jews, countries such as France, Britain, and the U.S. abruptly closed their doors

Isolating the Jews Hitler ordered all Jews in countries under his control to be put in designated cities The Nazis herded the Jews into overcrowded ghettos, or segregated Jewish areas, and sealed them in with barbed wire The Nazis hoped the Jews inside would starve or die from disease, but many hung on and even formed resistance movements

The Final Solution Hitler soon grew impatient and formed a new plan called the Final Solution, a program of genocide to systematically murder those he viewed as subhuman The Nazis targeted Roma (gypsies), Poles, Russians, homosexuals, the insane, the disabled, and the incurably ill, but especially Jews

The Mass Killings Begin In eastern Europe, SS units went from town to town rounding up Jews and shooting them In Germany and Poland, Jews were taken to concentration camps and worked 7 days a week as slave labor Guards beat or killed prisoners, and many died from starvation and rampant disease

The Final Stage Hitlers war on the Jews turned to the final stage in 1942 The Nazis built extermination camps with huge gas chambers When prisoners arrived, doctors would separate the strong (mostly men) from the weak (mostly women, children, and elderly) and would execute the latter Later, the Nazis installed crematoriums to burn the bodies

Chapter 16, Section 4 The Allied Victory

The Tide Turns on Two Fronts In May 1943, Allied troops led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower finally crushed Axis forces in North Africa and re-took the region In summer 1942, Hitler ordered his army to capture Stalingrad, and the Battle of Stalingrad began August 23, 1942 The Luftwaffe began a bombing campaign and took most of the city, but after the winter, German troops had suffered over 240,000 casualties

The Invasion of Italy On July 10, 1943, Allied forces landed on Sicily and captured it This toppled Mussolini from power, he was arrested on July 25th, and Italy surrendered on September 3rd On April 27, 1945 some Italian resistance fighters found Mussolini, shot him, and hung his body on display in Milan

Victory in Europe On June 6, 1944, General Eisenhower led over 3 million Allied troops on an invasion of Normandy, known as D-day By September, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg had been liberated Allied troops began heading for Germany, and Hitler ordered an attack called the Battle of the Bulge, but the Allies eventually pushed the Germans back

Germanys Surrender In March 1945, the Allies entered Germany and by mid-April, they were approaching Berlin On April 29, 1945, Hitler married his girlfriend Eva Braun and they committed suicide together the next day On May 9, 1945, Germany signed a surrender, and it became known as V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

Victory in the Pacific By fall of 1944, the Allies were moving toward Japan With their navy destroyed, the Japanese relied heavily on their kamikazes, or suicide pilots, to sink Allied ships In March 1945, Allied troops took Iwo Jima, a Japanese island On June 21, 1945, Allied troops took the island of Okinawa

The Japanese Surrender President Truman had to decide whether to invade Japan and risk 500,000 troops, or use the atomic bomb On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, killing more than 70,000 On August 9, 1945, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki The Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945, making the day V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day)

Chapter 16, Section 5 Europe and Japan in Ruins

Devastation in Europe World War II caused more deaths than any other conflict in history- 60 million About one-third of these deaths occurred in the Soviet Union Another 50 million people were displaced from their homes and became homeless Property damage ran into billions of dollars Thousands died after the war as a result of famine and cold

The Nuremberg Trials During 1945 and 1946, an international tribunal from 23 countries put Nazi war criminals on trial in Nuremberg, Germany 22 Nazi leaders were charged with waging a war of aggression and committing crimes against humanity for the Holocaust 10 Nazi leaders were hanged on October 16, 1946 and their bodies cremated at Dachau concentration camp

Postwar Japan Gen. Douglas MacArthur took control of the occupation of Japan He began the process of demilitarization, or disbanding the Japanese armed forces He also started democratization, or the process of creating a government elected by the people In May 1947, Japan got a new constitution and became a constitutional monarchy

world war ii 1939-1945 chapter 16. chapter 16, section 1 hitler’s lightening war

Documents

germany hitler

surprise slide

morale slide

british resistance slide

maginot line slide

soviet control slide

hitlers lightening war

invasion of great britain