world war ii , 1939–1945

World War II, 1939–1945

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Chapter OverviewChapter Overview

Time LineTime Line

Visual SummaryVisual Summary

SECTION Hitler’s Lightning War1

SECTION Japan Strikes in the Pacific2

SECTION The Holocaust3

SECTION The Allies Are Victorious 4

SECTION The Devastation of Europe and Japan 5

32CHAPTER

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Chapter Overview

The expansionist designs of Germany and Japan lead to worldwide conflict. After initial defeats in Europe and the Pacific, the Allies are victorious but at the cost of millions of lives and the economic and political devastation of Europe and Japan.

32CHAPTER World War II, 1939–1945

1939 Germany invades Poland.

1940 France surrenders to German; Battle of Britain begins.

1943 Allies defeat Japan at Guadalcanal.

1944 D-Day invasion occurs.

1945 (May) Germany surrenders. (Aug.) Atomic bombs dropped; Japan surrenders.

32CHAPTER

Time Line

1939 1945

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1941 (June) Germans invade Soviet Union. (Dec.) Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.

World War II, 1939–1945

Hitler launches a surprise attack on Poland, overruns much of Europe, and invades Russia. Britain survives to fight on alone, aided by arms from the United States.

OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment

Key Idea

Hitler’s Lightning War 1

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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Using the sudden, mass attack called the blitzkrieg, Germany overran much of Europe and North Africa.

Hitler’s actions set off World War II. The results of the war still affect the politics and economics of today’s world.

Overview


AssessmentAssessment

• nonaggression pact

• blitzkrieg

• Charles de Gaulle

• Winston Churchill

• Battle of Britain

• Atlantic Charter

TERMS & NAMES

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the effects of each of the early events of World War II that are listed below.


Section 1 Assessment

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Cause Effect

First blitzkrieg

Allies stranded at Dunkirk

British radar detects German aircraft

Lend-Lease Act

The fall of Poland

338,000 soldiers saved

British forces leave Western Europe.

British able to hold off German occupation

U.S. supplied Allies with war goods.

U.S. decision to favor the Allies

2. Great Britain and the Soviet city of Leningrad each fought off a German invasion. Other countries gave in to the Germans without much resistance. What factors do you think a country’s leaders consider when deciding whether to surrender or to fight? THINK ABOUT

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1 Assessment

• the country’s ability to fight • the costs of resisting • the costs of surrendering

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1 Assessment

Ability to Fight: army large enough to fight the enemy, sufficient weapons

Costs of Resisting: major civilian and military deaths, destruction of property, economic chaos

Costs of Surrendering: enemy control of the government, repression of the population

Possible Responses:

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End of Section 1

Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor draws the United States into the war. Initial Japanese victories in the Pacific are overturned as U.S. naval forces fight back, gaining the offensive.


Key Idea

Japan Strikes in the Pacific

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Carving out an empire, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and brought the United States into World War II.

World War II established the role of the United States as a leading player in international affairs.

Overview


• Isoroku Yamamoto

• Pearl Harbor

• Battle of Midway

• Douglas MacArthur

• Battle of Guadalcanal


TERMS & NAMES

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List four major events of the war in the Pacific between 1941 and 1943.


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Event 1:

Event 2:

Event 3:

Event 4:

Japan bombs Pearl Harbor

United States bombs Tokyo

Battle of Midway

Battle of Guadalcanal


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2. Judging from the effects of the attack on Pearl Harbor, do you think Yamamoto made a wise decision in bombing Pearl Harbor? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT


• Yamamoto’s goals in the bombing • United States involvement in World War II • the effects of the bombing

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Wise: If the Japanese did not destroy the U.S. Pacific fleet, it would have been used against them.

Unwise: If the Japanese did not bomb Pearl Harbor, the United States may never have entered the war.

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Possible Responses:

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2 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

Geography: The Pacific region is so huge that it would be difficult to build an empire.

European/American Interests: The United States and certain European countries had military posts in the Pacific.

Psychological Factors: After the bombing of Tokyo, Yamamoto had to deal with shaken Japanese confidence.

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3. What do you think Yamamoto’s biggest problems were in building the Japanese empire in the Pacific?THINK ABOUT

• geographical problems • European/American interests in the Pacific • psychological factors

Nazi persecution of Jews throughout Germany and the conquered nations leads to Hitler’s “Final Solution”: the mass extermination of 6 million of Europe’s Jews.


Key Idea

The Holocaust 3HOME

During the Holocaust, Hitler’s Nazis killed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans.”

The violence against Jews during the Holocaust led to the founding of Israel after World War II.

Overview


• Aryans

• Holocaust

• Kristallnacht

• ghettos

• “Final Solution”

• genocide

The Holocaust 3


TERMS & NAMES

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The Holocaust 3

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Give examples of Nazi persecutions.


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Nazi Persecutions

Nuremberg Laws

Genocide of JewsPersecution of gypsies, Poles, Russians, homosexuals, the insane, the disabled, the ill

Concentration camps

Burning of Jewish businesses, homes,

and synagogues

The Holocaust 3


ANSWERANSWER

Treatment: The people of Germany were afraid for their lives.

Propaganda: It tried to convince Germans that Jewish people were subhuman.

Conditions: A repressive dictatorship

Possible Responses:

2. Why do you think German soldiers and the German people went along with the Nazi policy of persecution of the Jews? THINK ABOUT

• Nazi treatment of those who disagreed • Nazi propaganda

• the political and social conditions in Germany at the time

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End of Section 3

The Allies invade Europe as the Soviet Union drives the Germans westward, leading to Germany’s final defeat. Japan surrenders following an atomic bomb attack by the United States.


Key Idea

The Allies Are Victorious

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Led by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, the Allies scored key victories and won the war.

The Allies’ victory in World War II set up conditions for both the Cold War and today’s post-Cold War world.

Overview


• Erwin Rommel

• Bernard Montgomery

• Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Battle of Stalingrad

• D-Day

• Battle of the Bulge

• kamikaze


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TERMS & NAMES

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the outcomes of the four World War II battles listed below.


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Battle Outcome

Battle of El Alamein

Battle of Stalingrad

D-Day Invasion

Battle of the Bulge

Rommel’s army defeated in North Africa

Held by Soviets

Allies held beachheads

Allies eventually pushed Germans back


ANSWERANSWER

2. Based on what you have read in this section, how do governments gather support for a war effort on the home front? THINK ABOUT

• the economy • forms of propaganda


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• individual participation in the war effort

• Rationing of materials (gasoline, metals, rubber, food, etc.) crucial to the war effort

• Collecting war materials donated by individuals

• Selling bonds to raise money for the war

• Using propaganda to paint themselves as fighters for right against evil enemies

Possible Responses:

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4 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

Possible Responses:

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End of Section 4

Right: Dropping the bomb was an effective way to end the war in the Pacific.

Wrong: The atomic bomb caused a huge loss of civilian lives.

3. Do you think President Truman made the correct decision by ordering the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT

• the likely consequences if the atomic bomb had not been dropped

• the destruction caused by the atomic bomb • World War II after the dropping of the atomic bomb

A ravaged Europe struggles to recover as the United States occupies Japan and begins to bring political change and stability.


Key Idea

The Devastation of Europe and Japan

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World War II cost millions of human lives and billions of dollars in damages. It left Europe and Japan in ruins.

The United States survived World War II undamaged, allowing it to become a world leader.

Overview


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• Nuremberg Trials

• demilitarization


TERMS & NAMES

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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare and contrast the aftermath of World War II in Europe and Japan.


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Europe only Japan onlyBoth

• Displaced persons looking for families

• Famine• Rise of communism

• Japanese emperor no longer a god

• Japanese people humiliated

• Radiation poisoning from the atomic bomb

• Destruction of land and property• Natural resources depleted

• Heavy loss of life• Major cities in shambles

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ANSWERANSWER

• People lost faith in leaders of the past who had participated in starting or conducting the war.

• Communism promised food and prosperity to people who had none.

Possible Responses:

2. Why do you think that many Europeans favored communism directly following World War II? THINK ABOUT

• World War II destruction • pre-World War II governments • economic concerns

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End of Section 5

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world war ii , 1939–1945

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japan attacks pearl

allies defeat japan

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german battle of britain

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