World War II and After

The United States Steps Up to the Plate

Hitler Stalin Mussolini

Dictators

War Begins

• 1931 – Japan Invades China (Manchuria)

• 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia• 1939 – Germany invades Poland

– Blitzkrieg – lightning war

America Stays Out

• Neutrality Acts• Isolationism

• Stays out of war for almost 2 years

Sides Form

• Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan• Allied Forces – Britain, France,

eventually US and “The Good Guys”

Allied Forces• United States• Great Britain• France• Poland• Australia• New Zealand• India• Newfoundland• South Africa• Canada• Norway• Denmark• Belgium• Luxembourg• Czechoslovakia• Brazil• Ethiopia• Iraq• Bolivia• Columbia• Liberia• Peru• Lebanon• Saudi Arabia• Argentina• Chile

• Greece• Yugoslavia• Soviet Union***• Mongolia• Panama• Samoa• Guam• Puerto Rico• Dominican Republic• El Salvador• Haiti• Honduras• Nicaragua• China• Mexico• Guatemala• Cuba• Italy***• Romania• Bulgaria• San Marino• Albania• Ecuador• Paraguay• Uruguay• Venezuela• Turkey

US Breaks Neutrality

• Lend-Lease Act – would supply arms and other supplies to the Allies

• FDR wins 3rd Term as President…– Why is this significant?

US Attacked

• Peace Talks with Japan Fail– Oil shipments stopped

• Bombing at Pearl Harbor – Dec 7, 1941– 21 Ships and 300 airplanes lost

• USS Arizona• 2,400 Killed

America at War

• After Pearl Harbor we declare war on Japan then all the Axis Powers– Went to war in Europe first because we

felt it was a bigger threat

United War Efforts• 5 million signed up for Military

– Another 5 million drafted– Large numbers of African, Mexican,

Native and Asian-American– 15 million in the end

• Mobilization – preparations for war• Industrial Help – converted factories

produce war materials– Women go to work in the factories

• “Rosie the Riviter”

…United War Efforts

• Rationing – people only being able to buy a limited amount of an item.– What type of items do you think would

have been rationed?

Sad Truth

• Japanese Internment Camps– Over 100,000 Japanese – 3 years– Fear of an internal attack

War in Africa and Italy

• Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower• Allies Defeat Germany/Italy in North

Africa– What challenges could there be fighting

in the desert?

• Allies Crossed over to Italy– Italy defeated, Germany continued to

fight

D-Day

• Operation Overlord • French coast of Normandy• Over 1 million Allied troops• After storming the beach, Allies

pushed forward and liberated Paris– Aug. 15, 1944

Propaganda

• Propaganda – the spreading of information, ideas, or rumors to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.

Final Stages

• Battle of the Bulge – last German offensive move – Germany/France Border– Allies win

German Surrender

• Hitler commits suicide • FDR dies, Harry Truman take over • May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders

– V-E Day (Victory in Europe)

Hitler’s Wife

War in the Pacific• Island Hopping – Attacking and

capturing key islands• Midway:• Philippines – Bataan Death March:

– Douglas MacArthur • Iwo Jima:• Okinawa:• Japanese fought until the death,

they fought for honor…Dangerous

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Marines_burrow_in_the_volcanic_sand_on_the_beach_of_Iwo_Jima.jpg

Atomic Bomb

• Manhattan Project – a top secret program to develop “extremely powerful weapons”

• Hiroshima – Little Boy – 70,000+ dead

• Nagasaki – Fat Man – 50,000+ dead• In the end over 200,000 would die of

effects

War Comes to a Close (Do Not Write)

• September 2, 1945 – Japan Surrenders– V-J Day

STATISTICS(Do Not Write)

• Total Dead – 50 to 80 Million– More civilians died than military

personnel – 400,000 Americans– 24 million Soviets

• Holocaust – 11 million dead– 6 million Jews

Post War

• Yalta and Potsdam Conferences– Reshape the post war world

• Divide Germany – 4 Sections

Iron Curtain

• “Iron curtain” – imaginary line that divided Europe.– East – Communist– West – Free

American Response

• Containment– don’t allow communism to spread

• Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan– Giving support and money to countries

threatened by communism

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)– “An attack on one is an attack on all”

Point Counterpoint

• See Page 791

Point Counterpoint

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Your Opinion…