World War II

Chapters 24 and 25

Rise of the Dictators• Dictator – a leader who takes control by

force• Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union (Russia)

– Totalitarianism – government has total control over its people. (communism)

• Benito Mussolini – Italy– Fascism – nationalism where the interests of

the country are above the people

• Adolf Hitler – Germany– Nazism – the German brand of Fascism – National Socialist German Workers Party

• Militarism in Japan

Hitler Stalin Mussolini

Dictators

Hitler’s Ideas

• Mein Kampf – Hitler’s book• Racial Purification – “Aryan Race”

– Primarily blonde hair, blue eyes– All other races should serve the Aryans

• Anti-Semitism – hatred of the Jews• Took power, got rid of democracy

– “Third Reich”– Preyed on the poor economy

America Stays Out

• Neutrality Acts• Isolationism

War Begins

• 1931 – Japan Invades China (Manchuria)

• 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia• 1939 – Germany invades Poland

– Blitzkrieg – lightning war– Nonaggression Pact with Soviets– Take over of Austria and Czechoslovakia

Fall of France

• Germany Invades Belgium to have a safe route to France

• Maginot Line – boarder between Ger. And Fr.

• 1940 – France fell to the control of Germany– Many French soldiers escaped to Britain

Battle of Britain

• Summer of 1940 – German Luftwaffe (air force) bombed Great Britain night after night for 2 months– Going after bases, factories and cities

• Winston Churchill– Inspired people to never give up

• Royal Air Force fights of Germans, cities destroyed

Letter in Secret

Write a letter to your best friend about what is going on around you during the Battle of Britain. Describe your fears, what you have seen, what you have heard. Talk about the government regulations on going out. Tell your friend all about your experience.

The Holocaust

• Holocaust – the enslavement and brutal killing of millions of Jews during WWII

• Genocide – the killing off of an entire race of people

Jewish Persecution

• Kristallnacht – “The Night of Broken Glass”– Jewish businesses, home and

synagogues were looted, windows smashed, some burned

• Jewish Identification – Star of David• Ghettos – overcrowded slums

where Jews were forced to live

Transportation to Camps

• Taken from homes• Many killed on the spot, the rest

crammed into train cars for days– No Room, No Food, No Bathroom, Little

Air– Many died

• Describe the discomfort…

Concentration Camps

• Sorted upon arrival– Work or Death

• “Cleansing Process” – describe…• Little food, poor living quarters, hard

labor, harsh treatment– Many died

Death Camps

• Mass Murders– Ovens– Gas Chambers– Firing Squad– Mass Graves

• Purpose – to kill as many people as possible

Sides Form

• Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan• Allied Forces – Britain, France,

eventually US and “The Good Guys”

Allied Forces• United States• Great Britain• France• Poland• Australia• New Zealand• India• Newfoundland• South Africa• Canada• Norway• Denmark• Belgium• Luxembourg• Czechoslovakia• Brazil• Ethiopia• Iraq• Bolivia• Columbia• Liberia• Peru• Lebanon• Saudi Arabia• Argentina• Chile

• Greece• Yugoslavia• Soviet Union***• Mongolia• Panama• Samoa• Guam• Puerto Rico• Dominican Republic• El Salvador• Haiti• Honduras• Nicaragua• China• Mexico• Guatemala• Cuba• Italy***• Romania• Bulgaria• San Marino• Albania• Ecuador• Paraguay• Uruguay• Venezuela• Turkey

US Breaks Neutrality

• Lend-Lease Act – would supply arms and other supplies to the Allies

• FDR wins 3rd Term as President…– Why is this significant?

Germany Breaks Agreement

• Hitler attacks Soviet Union breaking the Non-Aggression Pact

• 2 Fronts– Eastern Front – Soviet Union– Western Front - France

US Attacked

• Peace Talks Fail– Oil shipments stopped

• Bombing at Pearl Harbor – Dec 7, 1941– Kamikazes – Japanese suicide pilot – 21 Ships and 300 airplanes lost

• USS Arizona• 2,400 Killed

America at War

• After Pearl Harbor we declare war on Japan then all the Axis Powers– Went to war in Europe first because we

felt it was a bigger threat

United War Efforts• 5 million signed up for Military

– Another 5 million drafted– Large numbers of African, Mexican,

Native and Asian-American– 15 million in the end

• Mobilization – preparations for war• Industrial Help – converted factories

produce war materials– Women go to work in the factories

• “Rosie the Riviter”

…United War Efforts

• Rationing – people only being able to buy a limited amount of an item.– What type of items do you think would

have been rationed?

Sad Truth

• Japanese Internment Camps– Over 100,000 Japanese – 3 years– Fear of an internal attack

• ***RAP VIDEO• Opinion – is this hypocritical?

War in Africa and Italy

• Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower• Allies Defeat Germany/Italy in North

Africa– What challenges chould there be

fighting in the desert?• Allies Crossed over to Italy – Sicily

then the mainland – Even though Italy was defeated

Germany continued to fight until the end of the war

Eastern Front

• Leningrad – 900 day seige – military blockade

• Moscow – capital• Stalingrad – oil • Germany killed many Soviets but in

the end would never gain control– COLD!!!!!

Leningrad

Leningrad

Stalingrad

Stalingrad

D-Day

• Operation Overlord • French coast of Normandy• Over 1 million Allied troops• After storming the beach, Allies

pushed forward and liberated Paris– Aug. 15, 1944

Final Stages

• After liberating France the war returns to the Maginot Line

• Battle of the Bulge – last German offensive move – Allies win

German Surrender

• Hitler commits suicide • FDR dies, Harry Truman take over as

president• May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders

– V-E Day (Victory in Europe)

War in the Pacific• Island Hopping – Attacking and

capturing key islands• Midway:• Philippines – Bataan Death March:

– Douglas MacArthur • Iwo Jima:• Okinawa:• Japanese fought until the death,

they fought for honor…Dangerous

Atomic Bomb

• Manhattan Project – a top secret program to develop “extremely powerful weapons”

• Albert Einstein • What do we do: Invade Japan or Drop

Bomb???• Hiroshima – Little Boy – 70,000+ dead• Nagasaki – Fat Man – 50,000+ dead• In the end over 200,000 would die of

effects

Debate

• Should we have used the Atomic Bomb?– Why or Why Not– Explain your answer in detail

War Comes to a Close

• September 2, 1945 – Japan Surrenders– V-J Day

STATISTICS

• Total Dead – 50 to 80 Million– More civilians died than military

personnel – 400,000 Americans– 24 million Soviets

• Holocaust – 11 million dead– 6 million Jews