WORLD WAR II• Fascism – extreme nationalism and militarism• • 1. Germany• - Adolf Hitler comes to power in 1933• - Takes the Rhineland from France, Austria and Czechoslovakia\• - established totalitarian government• • 2. Italy• - Benito Mussolini takes power• - Takes over Albania, Ethiopia and Somalia• • 3. Japan • - ruled by Emperor Hirohito• - takes over Korea, Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia) and Chinese province of Manchuria• • *** Appeasement – give into a hostile nation to keep peace***

WORLD WAR II

• America Prepares for War• • 1. Neutrality Acts of 1935 & 1937 – U.S. would stay totally neutral in European conflicts• • 2. Lend-Lease Program – U.S. would loan weapons and supplies to British & Soviets who would

return or replace them after the war.• - YOU BREAK IT, YOU BOUGHT IT!

• Cash & Carry Program – extends rights of weapon exchange for cash. In return the buyer would have to carry the weapons back to their country.

• • 3. Atlantic Charter – took place in Canada – FDR meets with British Prime Minister Winston

Churchill to discuss plans if the U.S. enters the war.• • 4. Draft – 1st peace time draft for men 21-35 years old• • 5. December 7, 1941 – “A day that will live in infamy.” – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and

U.S. enters WWII.

WORLD WAR IIDecember 7, 1941

“A day that will live in infamy.”

USS Virginia

USS Arizona

Pearl Harbor - Casualties and losses

December 7, 1941 American Japanese

Personnel Killed 2388

Navy 1998 64

Marine Corps 109

Army and Army Air Corps 233

Civilian 48

Ships Sunk or Beached 12 Japanese 5 Damaged 9 Aircraft • Destroyed 164 29• Damaged 159 74

POST

ERS

FRO

M W

ORL

D W

AR 2

VICTORY IN EUROPE • 1. U.S. and British troops launch successful offensives in North Africa, Sicily,

and Italy.• • 2. Soviets hold back German advance at Stalingrad and push them back west• • 3. D-Day – Allied invasion of Europe. Allies land on beaches of Normandy

France. After liberating France, they push toward Germany.• • 4. Soviets take Berlin in April 1945. Germany surrenders May 8, 1945• • *** called Victory Europe Day

VICTORY IN PACIFIC

• 1. Battle of Midway stops Japanese advance• • 2. General MacArthur liberated the Philippines.• • 3. Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinowa• • 4. President Truman decides to drop the Atomic bomb in August on Hiroshima

(Aug 6th) and Nagasaki (Aug 9th) instead of invading Japan – which would have resulted in heavy casualties (estimated at 1 million U.S. soldiers).

• • 5. September 8, 1945 – Japan surrenders • • ***called Victory Japan Day or VJ Day***

Atomic Bomb- Hiroshima (Aug 6th)

Atomic Bomb- Nagasaki (Aug 9th)

Atomic Bomb

• The blast was equivalent to 12,500 tons of TNT• Only 6,000 buildings of the 76,000 were left

undamaged; • 48,000 were completely leveled• By the end of the day there were 100,000

dead. • The figure would rise to 140,000 by the end of

the year, due to radiation sickness and other complications.

World War II

1939-1945

Led by the US, GB, and the SU, the

allies scored key victories and won the

war

Japan Strikes in the Pacific

The Holocaust

The Allies are

Victorious

As Germany, Italy, and

Japan conquered

other countries, the

rest of the world did nothing to stop them.

Using the sudden,

mass attack called the blitzkrieg, Germany overran much of

Europe and North Africa

Carving out an empire,

Japan attacked

Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

and brought the US into

WWII

During the Holocaust,

Hitler’s Nazis killed

6 million Jews and 5

million other “non-

Aryans”

Hitler’s Lightning

War

WWII cost millions of

human lives and billions of

dollars in damages, it left Europe

and Japan in ruins.

The Devastation of Europe and Japan

Aggressors on the

March

WAR INJUSTICES (WWII)

• 1. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese and Japanese-

Americans living the U.S. were seen as suspicious• The federal government arrested people of Japanese ancestry and put

them in internment in the Midwest.• Korematsu v. the United States

– Decision – because Japanese-Americans were seen as a threat to national security, the constitutional rights could be taken away.

• • 2. Nuremberg Trial• Convicted Nazi war criminals (Holocaust)• Could be held accountable for your actions. Hermann Göring and Rudolf Hess as the verdicts

were being read at Nuremberg.

WARNING~GRAPHIC PICTURES

• The next slides will cover the concentration camps and the victims. You are asked to turn away or close your eyes if you have a weak stomach and wish not to view the pictures.

POST WAR PLANS

3. Yalta Conference – (FDR, Churchill, Stalin Feb. 1945)

• Germany would be divided into 4 parts (U.S., U.S.S.R., Britain & France

would each control a zone)

POST WAR PLANS

• Free elections in Poland (not kept)• Plans for the United Nations• U.S.S.R. pledges to declare war on Japan• U.S.S.R. would recognize Chang Kai-Shek’s

democratic Chinese government (not kept)• U.S.S.R. would have influence in Eastern

Europe

POST WAR PLANS con’t

• 4. Potsdam Conference – (Truman, Churchill, Stalin July 1945)

– Germany’s war reparations based on how much they could afford• Soviet – U.S. spheres of influence around the world

Discussion over dropping the atomic bomb

• **Many of the unresolved issues at Yalta and Potsdam lead to

the Cold War tensions in the coming decades!**