WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II

PRELUDE TO GLOBAL WARPRELUDE TO GLOBAL WAR

EXPANSIONEXPANSION

1936: GERMAN TROOPS MOVE INTO THE 1936: GERMAN TROOPS MOVE INTO THE RHINELAND (WESTERN GERMANY)RHINELAND (WESTERN GERMANY)

VIOLATION OF THE VERSAILLES TREATYVIOLATION OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY

GERMAN ARMY: NOT READY TO FIGHT GERMAN ARMY: NOT READY TO FIGHT

BRITAIN AND FRANCE DID NOT RESISTBRITAIN AND FRANCE DID NOT RESIST

AXIS POWERSAXIS POWERS

1936: HITLER AND MUSSOLINI SIGN 1936: HITLER AND MUSSOLINI SIGN AN ALLIANCEAN ALLIANCE

LATER JOINED BY: JAPANLATER JOINED BY: JAPAN

GERMAN EMPIRE GROWSGERMAN EMPIRE GROWS

MARCH 1938: HITLER ANNEXED MARCH 1938: HITLER ANNEXED AUSTRIA (ANSCHLUSS)AUSTRIA (ANSCHLUSS)

BRITAIN AND FRANCE PROTESTEDBRITAIN AND FRANCE PROTESTED

““GERMAN-AUSTRIAN AFFAIRS WERE GERMAN-AUSTRIAN AFFAIRS WERE THE CONCERN OF THE GERMAN THE CONCERN OF THE GERMAN PEOPLE”PEOPLE”

ANSCHLUSSANSCHLUSS

GERMAN EMPIRE GROWSGERMAN EMPIRE GROWS

1938: HITLER DEMANDS SUDETENLAND1938: HITLER DEMANDS SUDETENLAND

EASTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA WITH A EASTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA WITH A HEAVY GERMAN POPULATIONHEAVY GERMAN POPULATION

AVOIDING WARAVOIDING WAR

SEPTEMBER 1938:SEPTEMBER 1938: REPRESENTATIVES FROM ENGLAND, REPRESENTATIVES FROM ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, AND ITALY MEET FRANCE, GERMANY, AND ITALY MEET IN MUNICH, GERMANYIN MUNICH, GERMANY

ENGLAND: NEVILLE CHAMBERLAINENGLAND: NEVILLE CHAMBERLAINFRANCE: EDOUARD DALADIERFRANCE: EDOUARD DALADIERGERMANY: HITLERGERMANY: HITLERITALY: MUSSOLINIITALY: MUSSOLINI

MUNICH PACTMUNICH PACT

BRITAIN AND FRANCE: FOLLOWED A BRITAIN AND FRANCE: FOLLOWED A POLICY OF POLICY OF APPEASEMENT:APPEASEMENT:

GIVING IN TO SOMEONE’S DEMANDS IN GIVING IN TO SOMEONE’S DEMANDS IN ORDER TO KEEP THE PEACEORDER TO KEEP THE PEACE

WHY?WHY?

HITLER COULD HAVE THE SUDETENLAND HITLER COULD HAVE THE SUDETENLAND (AND THAT IS IT!)(AND THAT IS IT!)

REACTIONSREACTIONS

CHAMBERLAIN RETURNS HOME A CHAMBERLAIN RETURNS HOME A HEROHERO

WINSTON CHURCHILL (PARLIAMENT): WINSTON CHURCHILL (PARLIAMENT): “Britain and France had to choose “Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”dishonor. They will have war.”

SIX MONTHS LATERSIX MONTHS LATER

HITLER ANNEXED THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIAHITLER ANNEXED THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

BRITAIN AND FRANCE: “ANY FURTHER EXPANSION BRITAIN AND FRANCE: “ANY FURTHER EXPANSION RISKED WAR”RISKED WAR”

HITLER – SIGNS TREATY WITH SOVIET UNIONHITLER – SIGNS TREATY WITH SOVIET UNION

““NON-AGGRESSION PACT” – BITTER ENEMIES NON-AGGRESSION PACT” – BITTER ENEMIES COMMITTED TO NEVER TO ATTACK EACH OTHER COMMITTED TO NEVER TO ATTACK EACH OTHER (IMPORTANCE?)(IMPORTANCE?)

22NDND SECRET PACT: DIVIDE POLAND BETWEEN THEM SECRET PACT: DIVIDE POLAND BETWEEN THEM

POLANDPOLAND

SEPTEMBER 1, 1939: GERMANY INVADES SEPTEMBER 1, 1939: GERMANY INVADES POLANDPOLAND

BRITAIN AND BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLAREFRANCE DECLARE WAR ON GERMANYWAR ON GERMANY

BLITZKRIEGBLITZKRIEG

TACTIC USED IN INVADING POLANDTACTIC USED IN INVADING POLAND

““LIGHTING WAR”LIGHTING WAR”

LUFTWAFFE – BOMBED BASES, AIRFIELDS, LUFTWAFFE – BOMBED BASES, AIRFIELDS, RAILROADS, CITIESRAILROADS, CITIES

TANKS, ARTILLERY, SOLDIERS MOVED IN TANKS, ARTILLERY, SOLDIERS MOVED IN BY TRUCK BY TRUCK

OVERRAN POLAND IN LESS THAN 1 MONTHOVERRAN POLAND IN LESS THAN 1 MONTH

SIT DOWN WARSIT DOWN WAR

““SITZKRIEG”SITZKRIEG”

GERMAN TROOPS SAT AND WATCHED GERMAN TROOPS SAT AND WATCHED FRENCH TROOPS ON MAGINOT LINEFRENCH TROOPS ON MAGINOT LINE

ALONG THE FRANCE-GERMANY BORDERALONG THE FRANCE-GERMANY BORDER

““PHONY WAR” – AMERICAN PRESSPHONY WAR” – AMERICAN PRESS

DOMINATIONDOMINATION

APRIL 9, 1940: DENMARK AND NORWAYAPRIL 9, 1940: DENMARK AND NORWAY

MAY 10, 1940: BELGIUM, THE NETHERLANDSMAY 10, 1940: BELGIUM, THE NETHERLANDS

JUNE 14, 1940: GERMAN TROOPS ENTER PARIS JUNE 14, 1940: GERMAN TROOPS ENTER PARIS (FRENCH SURRENDER)(FRENCH SURRENDER)

FRENCH TROOPS: RETREATED TO G.B. (340,000 FRENCH TROOPS: RETREATED TO G.B. (340,000 TROOP ACROSS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL) TROOP ACROSS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL)

CHARLES DE GAULLE: “FRANCE HAS LOST A CHARLES DE GAULLE: “FRANCE HAS LOST A BATTLE, BUT HAS NOT LOST THE WAR”BATTLE, BUT HAS NOT LOST THE WAR”

DOMINATIONDOMINATION

IN LESS THAN 3 MONTHS: HITLER IN LESS THAN 3 MONTHS: HITLER CONQUERED MOST OF WESTERN CONQUERED MOST OF WESTERN EUROPEEUROPE

GREAT BRITAIN STOOD ALONEGREAT BRITAIN STOOD ALONE

BATTLE OF BRITAINBATTLE OF BRITAIN

GREATEST AIR ASSAULT THE WORLD HAD GREATEST AIR ASSAULT THE WORLD HAD YET SEENYET SEEN

1000 PLANES A DAY BOMBED BRITAIN1000 PLANES A DAY BOMBED BRITAIN

RAF (ROYAL AIR FORCE) OUTNUMBEREDRAF (ROYAL AIR FORCE) OUTNUMBERED

DECEMBER 1940: LONDON BOMBED (1500 DECEMBER 1940: LONDON BOMBED (1500 FIRES BROKE OUT)FIRES BROKE OUT)

BRITISH WOULD NOT BACK DOWN BRITISH WOULD NOT BACK DOWN (CHURCHILL)(CHURCHILL)

JUNE 1941: HITLER ENDED THE BOMBINGJUNE 1941: HITLER ENDED THE BOMBING

LONDON DURING BATTLE OF BRITAIN

British children huddled together in a makeshift bomb shelter experience a range of emotions as they endure an attack by Hitler's air force

JAPANJAPAN

1931: JAPAN’S ARMY SEIZED MANCHURIA 1931: JAPAN’S ARMY SEIZED MANCHURIA (CHINA)(CHINA)

BY 1940: CONTROLLED MOST OF EASTERN BY 1940: CONTROLLED MOST OF EASTERN CHINACHINA

BECAME AN ALLY OF GERMANY AND ITALYBECAME AN ALLY OF GERMANY AND ITALY

SIGNED A NEUTRALITY ACT WITH:SIGNED A NEUTRALITY ACT WITH:

SOVIET UNIONSOVIET UNION

AMERICAN RESPONSE?AMERICAN RESPONSE?

ENOUGH PROBLEMS AT HOMEENOUGH PROBLEMS AT HOMEISOLATIONISMISOLATIONISMFDR WAS CONCERNED WITH FDR WAS CONCERNED WITH JAPANESEJAPANESEFDR: MOVED THE AMERICAN PACIFIC FDR: MOVED THE AMERICAN PACIFIC FLEET FROM SAN DIEGO, CA, TO FLEET FROM SAN DIEGO, CA, TO PEARL HARBOR IN HAWAIIPEARL HARBOR IN HAWAII

INVOLVEMENT GROWSINVOLVEMENT GROWS

GERMAN AGGRESSION SCARED MANY AMERICANSGERMAN AGGRESSION SCARED MANY AMERICANS

11STST PEACETIMEPEACETIME DRAFT DRAFT

1940: FDR ELECTED TO A 31940: FDR ELECTED TO A 3RDRD TERM TERM

CONGRESS PASSED LEND-LEASE ACTCONGRESS PASSED LEND-LEASE ACT

LEND-LEASE ACTLEND-LEASE ACT: U.S. WOULD LEND OR LEASE : U.S. WOULD LEND OR LEASE ARMS AND OTHER SUPPLIES TO ANY COUNTRY ARMS AND OTHER SUPPLIES TO ANY COUNTRY WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE U.S.WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE U.S.

PEARL HARBORPEARL HARBOR

JAPANESE BEGAN TAKING OVER FRENCH JAPANESE BEGAN TAKING OVER FRENCH COLONIES IN INDOCHINACOLONIES IN INDOCHINA

U.S. CUT OFF TRADE WITH JAPANU.S. CUT OFF TRADE WITH JAPAN

OCTOBER 1941: GENERAL HIDEKI TOJO OCTOBER 1941: GENERAL HIDEKI TOJO BECAME PRIME MINISTERBECAME PRIME MINISTER

U.S. GOVERNMENT CRACKED SECRET U.S. GOVERNMENT CRACKED SECRET CODES ABOUT JAPAN WANTING TO SEIZE CODES ABOUT JAPAN WANTING TO SEIZE MORE TERRITORYMORE TERRITORY

PEARL HARBORPEARL HARBOR

DECEMBER 7, 1941: SUNDAY 7:00 AMDECEMBER 7, 1941: SUNDAY 7:00 AM

AMERICAN ARMY OPERATOR REPORTED AMERICAN ARMY OPERATOR REPORTED THAT PLANES WERE HEADED TOWARD HIMTHAT PLANES WERE HEADED TOWARD HIM

HEADQUARTERS: AMERICAN PLANES HEADQUARTERS: AMERICAN PLANES “DON’T WORRY”“DON’T WORRY”

180 JAPANESE WAR PLANES WERE 180 JAPANESE WAR PLANES WERE OVERHEADOVERHEAD

MOST OF THE PACIFIC FLEET WAS IN THE MOST OF THE PACIFIC FLEET WAS IN THE HARBOR (LESS THAN 3 SQUARE MILES)HARBOR (LESS THAN 3 SQUARE MILES)

PEARL HARBORPEARL HARBOR

OVER BY 9:45 A.M.OVER BY 9:45 A.M.

RESULTS:RESULTS:2400 DEAD2400 DEAD

1200 WOUNDED1200 WOUNDED

300 WAR PLANES DESTROYED300 WAR PLANES DESTROYED

18 WARSHIPS DESTROYED (8 OF THE 9 18 WARSHIPS DESTROYED (8 OF THE 9 BATTLESHIPS)BATTLESHIPS)

3 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS WERE AT SEA3 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS WERE AT SEA

JAPAN: LOST 29 PLANESJAPAN: LOST 29 PLANES

REACTIONSREACTIONS

AMERICANS STUNNEDAMERICANS STUNNED

FDR: “December 7, 1941, a date which FDR: “December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy”will live in infamy”

DECLARED WAR ON JAPAN THE NEXT DECLARED WAR ON JAPAN THE NEXT DAYDAY

3 DAYS LATER: GERMANY AND ITALY 3 DAYS LATER: GERMANY AND ITALY DECLARE WAR ON THE U.S.DECLARE WAR ON THE U.S.