world war ii we will be talking about some very difficult and emotional events in this unit. please...
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World War II• We will be talking about some very difficult and
emotional events in this unit.
• Please treat your fellow students with respect, kindness and love.
• BE NICE! There’s no reason not to be.
Turn to: pg. 768
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Post-World War I• The end of World War I left a number of nations very
unhappy about how things turned out.
• Germany had been expecting a treaty based on Wilson’s 14 points and were not happy with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. However, they had no choice but to sign the document.
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The Rise of Totalitarianism
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• Totalitarianism: government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator. He can do what he wants!
• There is NO constitution, NO laws and NO opposition for the dictator.
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Japan• At the end of World War I,
Japan was also involved in the Versailles Peace Conference.
• Despite its small role in World War I, Japan emerged as a major actor in international politics at the close of the war.
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Hirohito (1901 – 1989)
• As emperor of Japan and according to Japanese tradition, he was a living God and the nation’s supreme authority.
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Japanese Imperialism
• Japan was highly nationalistic and imperialistic.
• Japan wanted a free hand to continue with the conquest of China and Southeast Asia.
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Italy• At the end of World War I, Italy was very angry because
as one of the victorious allies they had expected to gain new land from the conquered people.
• Returning war veterans faced unemployment.
• No one had any good ideas about how to run the country and the government split into rival parties.
• Italy needed a strong leader.
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Benito Mussolini (1883 – 1945)
• was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism.
• Mussolini became Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 and began using the title Il Duce (the Supreme Leader) by 1925.
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Fascism• Fascists promoted violence, war, and militarism.
• Fascism is anti-communist, anti-democratic, anti-individualist, anti-liberal, anti-conservative, anti-bourgeois and anti-proletarian, and in many cases anti-capitalist.
• Fascists believe that a nation requires strong leadership, a unified people, and the will and ability to commit violence and wage war in order to keep the nation strong.
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Germany• Germany was forced to accept the blame for starting WWI
(“War Guilt Clause”) and pay 6,600 million pounds for the damage caused by the war.
• Kaiser (emperor) Wilhelm II abdicated in November 1918.
• In 1919 Germany formed a democratic government called the Weimar Republic (a democracy that didn’t end up working!).
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Treaty of Versailles Terms• Germany must assume full blame for the war.
• Germany had to pay war reparations.
• Germany had to limit size of army.
• Germany had to give up overseas colonies.
• Polish corridor was created: Germany had to give up territory in Europe.
• Territory of Alsace Lorraine given back to France.
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Inflation• Because of the money Germany had to pay other nations after the war,
the German mark (their currency) became worth less and less as the years went by.
• People began losing their jobs.
• The Great Depression hit in the 1930’s and every nation struggled economically.
• Germany needed a strong leader.
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Adolf Hitler (1889 – 1945)
• Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party commonly known as the Nazi Party.
• He gained support by promoting nationalism, anti-Semitism (hatred of Jews), anti-capitalism, and anti-communism with oratory (people liked the way he spoke) and propaganda.
• He was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933, and transformed Germany into the Third Reich, a dictatorship based on the ideology of Nazism. After that he was known as the "Führer” (the Supreme Leader).
• Hitler ultimately wanted absolute control of Europe.
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Nazism The beliefs of the Nazi Party:
• The Nazis wanted to take over more land.• Government control of the economy. • Strong military.• Social welfare programs for workers and good
wages. • Racist nationalism.• Supremacy of an Aryan master race (blonde hair,
blue eyes, pale skin).• The Nazis blamed Jews for their problems
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What did these three nations have in common?
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WWII: The Axis Powers• All three wanted an empire.
• All three were ruled by totalitarian dictators.
• All three were very nationalistic.
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World War Two (1939-1945)
Axis Powers Allied Powers• Germany * France• Italy * Great Britain• Japan * United States• sometimes U.S.S.R. * sometimes the U.S.S.R.
In your notebook, record the title for Unit 13 and the notes that follow:
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Totalitarianism - glossary
Emperor Hirohito (Japan) – pg. 738
Benito Mussolini (Italy) – pg. 757
Nazism - pg. 762
Fascism – pg. 758
Adolf Hitler (Germany) – pg. 762
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Hitler’s Speech on the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler was an instigator of the war in Europe.
• He delivered several speeches making his intentions known very early, before the war even began.
• Hitler’s 1923 Speech on the Treaty of Versailles was given about 15 years before WWII began.