world war ii · world war ii author: windows user created date: 4/30/2020 9:47:28 am
TRANSCRIPT
Essential Question
• Who was responsible for World War II?
• Who fought in the war?
• What was the outcome?
The treaty of Versailles had taken much of German lands and forced them to pay huge FINES for damages done during the Great War
To cope with the fines, Germany started printing more money.
But they printed too muchand it lost its VALUE
By 1923 German money was practically WORTHLESS
1
In 1923 an ex-soldier named
Adolph Hitler attacked the
German GOVERNMENT in Bavaria
He lost and was sent to jail
Many Germans supported him
His followers were called the National
Socialist party, or NAZIS
2
By the 1930’s, much of the world was suffering from a DEPRESSION
Food was scarce, money had lost value, and jobs were hard to find
Hitler used PROPAGANDA to convince Germans that their nation was superior and could once again become strong
pro·pa·gan·da: ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader,
a government, etc.
3
Hitler taught that Germans were the
MASTER RACE and were meant to rule
the world
His political party, the NAZIS, blamed the
Treaty of Versailles and the Jews for the
depression that Germany was in
4
Hitler was able to gain control of
Germany in 1933
Hitler was a fascist dictator
He formed an alliance with MUSSOLINI,
in Italy
Hitler taught his followers to hate the
JEWISH people
5
Hitler Speech
fas·cism
a political philosophy, movement, or
regime that exalts nation and often race
above the individual and that stands for a
centralized autocratic government headed
by a dictatorial leader, severe economic
and social regimentation, and forcible
suppression of opposition
Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles in
1938 when he ordered his troops to move
into AUSTRIA
He next took
control of
Czechoslovakia
in 1939
Hitler next looked to take over POLAND
Britain and France promised to defend
Poland, war was about to begin again
6
Hitler and Josef Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, moved troops into Poland in a BLITZKRIEG (lightning attack) on Poland
Britain and France declared war on Germany
German forces now moved west and took control of Belgium, and then Paris
By June of 1940, Hitlerhad seized control ofFRANCE
Britain was next…
7
The people of Britain prepared for the Nazi attack The Battle of Britain began in August of 1940 German planes dropped bombes on the city
almost nightly for nearly a YEAR
8
Many people hid
UNDERGROUND
Over 12,000 British
people were killed
Britain fought
back, and they
would not
SURRENDER
9
“We shall fight on the seas and
oceans, we shall fight with
growing confidence and growing
strength in the air, we shall
defend our island, whatever the
cost may be… We shall never
surrender”
-Prime Minister of Britain,
Winston Churchill-
Never Surrender
In June of 194, Hitler stopped his attack of Britain
He had lost more than 2,000 planes He broke his TREATY with Josef Stalin and
started moving into the Soviet UnionThey fought for three years to move into the
Soviet citiesMillions died on both sides
The Soviet Unionwas furious, theysided with BRITAIN
10
Hitler attacks Russia (Soviet Union)
In the winter of 1942, the Germans were close to
capturing MOSCOW, the Soviet capital
The only thing that was able to stop the German
troops was a deadly winter STORM
On December 6th, the Germans began to
RETREAT
11
In the late 1920’s, Japan had begun to create an EMPIRE for itself
In 1931 Japan invaded China and conquered several islands off the coast of Asia
Japan wanted toEXPAND their nation and take control ofanywhere that had
raw materials
12
In 1940, Japan and Germany formed an
ALLIANCE
Japan’s continual expansion and the
treaty with Germany created tension
between Japan and the United States
The United States did not like the
EXPANSION POLICY Japan had started
Japan did not want the United States to
interfere in their expansion plans
13
Day of Infamy On December 7th, 1941, The United States
naval base at PEARL HARBOR, Hawaii was
bombed by the Japanese
More than 2000 people died in the attack
President FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT
declared war the next day
Three days later, Germany
and Italy declared war on
the United States
14
The AXIS powers were Japan,
Germany, Italy and others.
The ALLIES fighting against them
were Britain, the United States,
France, the Soviet Union, and China
The fighting was taking place all
over the world
15
Which countries were fighting in the war?
The United Stated and its allies fought the Nazis for THREE years
Soviet union forces continued to push the Germans out of their nation
Allied leaders devised an attack that would surround the Axis powers
On June 6th, 1944 the Allies carried out a surprise attack on the beaches of NORMANDY, France, which was then occupied by the Germans
16
If the plan worked, the Axis powers would be SURROUNDEDon three sides, the east, west, and south
Over 11,000 planes, 2,700 ships, and 200,000 men stormed the beaches of Normandy at 6:00 in the morning.
17
At the end of the day, the Allied forces held the
beaches, they moved in to free PARIS
The enemy was now surrounded
18
Nearly a year after D-Day, Allied forces had pushed the Nazi troops back into Germany.
The Soviet Union had moved their troops all the way into Germany’s capital of BERLIN
On May 7th, 1945 Adolf Hitler killed himself to avoid being captured
Germany SURRENDERED Japan refused to stop FIGHTING
19
Japans leaders refused to give up
United States knew that INVADING Japan
would lead to many deaths on both sides
They decided to use a newly developed
deadly weapon, the ATOMIC BOMB on
Japanese cities
20
On August 6th, 1945 the first atomic bomb
was dropped on the city of HIROSHIMA
The entire city was destroyed in
SECONDS
21
Japan did not surrender
Three days later the United States dropped another
bomb on the city of NAGASAKI
Japan surrendered on August 14th, 1945
The second world war had come to an end
22
Shortly before the German defeat, the
Nazis tried to hide the evidence of the CONCENTRATION CAMPS
These were places where
the Nazis had taken the
Jews to be tortured and
MURDERED
23
About SIX MILLION Jews were murdered
during this war
The deliberate destruction of human life is
called the HOLOCAUST
24
The people that were murdered in the concentration camp were men, women, and children
They had done NOTHING wrongThey were killed only because they were
JEWISHAbout another six million people were also
killed in these camps that were not JewishThese other people included Gypsies,
Poles, Russians, and Slavs
25
The war was fought across the entire world,
nearly every continent was involved
Over FIFTY MILLION people died during
the war
Cities were destroyed
Governments had collapsed
Nations had to be REBUILT
26
Soon the United
States began to fear
the Soviet Union
and their
COMMUNIST
government
The United States and the Soviet Union, who had once been allies, would soon become bitter ENEMIES
Another, much more dangerous war was looming ahead…
27
Essential Question
• Who was responsible for World War II?
• Who fought in the war?
• What was the outcome?