world war two, 1941-1945. main points causes of war u.s. entry into conflict impact on society,...
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World War Two, 1941-1945
Main Points
Causes of WarU.S. Entry into ConflictImpact on Society, Economy,
PoliticsMain EventsEnd of the War
An Unstable World
Global DepressionNew Countries in Europe(Inter)National DebtU.S., Japan, German ExpansionNo International Organizations
Germany and the U.S.
Hitler elected leader of GermanyExpansion into Rhine River, FR-G
BorderU.S. NeutralityItaly into Ethiopia 19351937: Italy, Germany & Japan signed
Anti-Comintern Act, against Russia
German Expansion
1938 Nazis entered AustriaSacrificed Czechoslovakia for
“Peace” with Hitler1939 total invasion of Czech1939 G-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact1939 G-invaded PolandBR & FR declare war
U.S. Response
Slow and contradictory1941 Lend-Lease to alliesMilitary modernizationAwareness of German expansionAmerican embargo and quarantine
of Japan in PacificDecember 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor
Burning Ships in Pearl Harbor
A Global War
European TheaterPacific TheaterWar in Mediterranean, North AfricaAll of British possessions in India
and AustraliaTotal War for U.S. Fear of invasion
Yellow = AlliesPink = AxisOrange = Axis controlledCream = Neutral
A Total War
War MobilizationFederal Control of the EconomyWestward Shift of people and
industrySacrifice and PatriotismMillions of men to war
Building Support for War
Office of War InformationWar as fight for American
Way of Life, freedomCensorshipOnly positive imageshttp://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=A4o0kVX7iNc&feature=related
War Propaganda
Masculinity and War
Women in IndustriesIndustries vacated by soldiersSingle & Married45% of workers in shipbuildingWomen’s “duty” to work on the
“home front” while men were “away” fighting
High wages, freedom, enjoyment, personal pride
Rosie the Riveter
Women in the War
140,000 in WACS 100,000 in Navy
WAVES Challenge to gender
roles and norms Women’s freedom
and independence
Gendered Propaganda
Women = Home = Homefront
African Americans
Segregated Units125,000 into San
Francisco & OaklandHousing & school
shortages Segregation in schools
increased
German Expansionism Two fronts
Western Europe & France
Russia Blitzkrieg and massive
industrial output Air Raid on England Control of Northern Africa
through Italy
Allied Successes
Battle of Coral Sea, May 1942 Pacific Success
Battle of Midway, June 1942 Overturned J- Supremacy
Battle of El Alamien, Fall 1942 Northern Africa
Operation Torch, May 1943 Eisenhower’s invasion
Hitler Weakens
Turned east and tried to invade Russia
Stalled for months, winter hit, millions died August 1942-February 1943
Hitler pulled out of Russia and lost momentum in war
The End is Near
Operation Overlord, Summer 1944Second Western frontLanded in FranceBeaches of NormandyD-Day, June 6, 19442 million participatedLiberated Paris
D-Day June 6, 1944
End of the War
Germany Surrounded Island Hopping in
Pacific February 1945: Yalta
Conference (UKR) Britain: Churchill Russia: Stalin US: Roosevelt
Race and the War
Home frontSegregated UnitsA. Philip Randolph Fair Employment
Practices Commission
Zoot-Suit Riots
1940s LA Death of a Mex. Am
youth Police arrested,
convicted several for murder
Anti-Mexican riots Stripped “zoot-suiters”
Japanese/American Internment
Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942
110,000 relocated to “War Relocation Camps”
150,000 in Hawaii 1944 US Supreme Court
supported it Over half were US citizens $1.6 billion in reparations
Bracero Program
1942-1964 1 yr contracts paid Over 4 million Some $ kept by gov’t Racism and economic
exclusion
Holocaust
.
Holocaust
Over six Million killed in gas chambers & concentration camps
“Final Solution” U.S. State Department had
informationAnti-Semitism in U.S
End of the War
Roosevelt Died Poland Sacrificed to
Stalin Atomic Testing “Manhattan Project” $2 billion = $20 billion
today Trinity Test Site, NM
Post-War Situation
Japan Truman agreed to dropping two Atomic Bombs Hiroshima & Nagasaki, 1945 Nearly 120,000 died immediately
USSR Roughly 25-35 million dead Fear of Germany Suspicion of the U.S. Control over eastern Europe
Continued
World Economy International Monetary Fund Investment, loans, economic growth
World Politics United Nations Security Council Member nations Debate, conflict resolution
Significance
Ended the Great Depression Migration to the American West New economic opportunities for Women and
People of Color Brief unity and ongoing racism Defeat of Nazis and crippled Germany Destroyed Europe U.S. and Soviet Union became superpowers