worms friend or foe ?

Worms Friend OR Foe ?http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75

http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html

http://www.dof.virginia.gov/images/anim-worm-crawl.gif

CHARACTERISITCS OF ALL WORMS

Invertebrate protostomesElongated bodies

Bilateral symmetryCephalization

Cerebral ganglia “brain”No respiratory organs

(Breathe through skin)

WHERE DO THEY LIVE?_______________ -

Found in environment

_______________

Live on or in another organism

FREE LIVING

PARASITIC

http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/sws/images/grasscycling.jpg

http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75

http://www.placervillevet.com/heartworm.htm

PARASITIC WORMS

Animal host where ADULT feeds and

reproduces = ______________HOST

Animal host where LARVAL form

lives and feeds = ______________ HOST

PRIMARY

INTERMEDIATE

FLATWORMSPHYLUM: Platyhelminthes

FREE LIVING PARASITIC

Planaria Flukes & Tapeworms

ALL FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms)

http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html

PLANARIA

NOTPARASITES

http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html

http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg

ONE opening digestive systemhttp://www.biologia.edu.ar/animales/images/planaria.jpg

GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY(Combination Digestive & circulatory)

EXCRETORY• FLAME

CELLS collect excess water and nitrogen waste

• Excreted through pores in skin

Moving cilia looklike little “flames”

http://tim.nccu.edu.tw/biotech/biolife/maricopa/flatwormexcret.gif

REPRODUCTIONSEXUAL-

HERMAPHRODITES(have both ovary & testes in one organism)but trade with a partner

http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg

ASEXUAL- can use regeneration to grow a new organism from part of parent worm

http://faculty.stcc.edu/rapp/biol102/biology_links.htm

PARASITIC FLATWORMSchistosoma

NOT IN USA but infects over 250 million people worldwide

Worms can block blood vessels to organs causing irritation, bleeding, tissue decay producing disease called= __________________SCHISTOSOMIASIS

http://www.coc.org/focus/food/pics/rice_paddy.jpg

HUMAN BLOOD FLUKESchistosoma

Larva hatches from

egg & infects snail(intermediate host)

Eggs leave body in urine or feces

Adult worms mature & reproduce in blood vessels; eggs travel to intestines or bladder

Larvae grow tails and leave snail

Immature worms burrow through skininto blood vessels

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/schistosoma_lifecycle.gif

TAPEWORMS

PARASITIC FLATWORM that lives in HOST animal intestines

Dog tapeworm

http://www.bangkokhealth.com/cimages/tapeworm02.jpg

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/pictures/whole_tapeworms.GIF

TAPEWORM VOCAB

____________- Head with suckers and hooks to help hold on inside host

http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif

SCOLEX

TAPEWORM VOCAB___________________-hermaphroditic reproductive structures

(contain both male & female sex organs)

Containfertilized eggs

Shed in feces

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/labeled_taenia.html

PROGLOTTIDS

WORM VOCAB______________

Thickened PROTECTIVE layer on the outside of worms made of CELLS

_______________ NON-CELLULAR PROTECTIVE

coating found on the outside of worms

http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif

TEGUMENT

CUTICLE

Attaches with SCOLEXhttp://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__10_platy_nemat/images/taenia_scolex.jpg

http://www.microscopyu.com/galleries/smz1500/images/tapewormscolexsmall.jpg

TAPEWORM

NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

-absorbs nutrients through skin

TEGUMENT protects them from host digestive enzymes and immune system


TAPEWORMS

Can grow up to 30 ft (2000 proglottids)

REPRODUCE WITH PROGLOTTIDS Add new proglottids behind scolex Mature ones drop off at tail end

Leave body in feces



EX: BEEF TAPEWORM

Adults attachinside intestinesand absorbdigested food

Proglottids arereleased in feces

Proglottids burst releasing eggs with larvae inside on ground

Cows eat grass; larvae travel through blood vessels;make cysts in muscle

Humans eat undercooked meatcontaining cysts

http://net.unl.edu/wonderwise/12parasi/a-para.htm

ROUND WORMSPhylum: Nematoda

Ascaris TrichinellaHookwormsPinwormsFilarial worms


ALL ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES

NEMATODA (Round worms)


ROUND WORMAscarisPARASITIC

Have a 2 OPENING digestive system

Lives in intestinesFeeds on passing food

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/images.html

http://www.hillsdale.edu/Personal/Swinehart/Aquatics/Courses/Biodiv/ascaris_bolus.gif

Females can grow up to 1 ft long & produce 200,000 eggs/day

Humans become infected when theyeat FOOD or WATERcontaminated witheggs

Image from: http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif


Most common worm infection WORLD WIDE

Mostly in children

Estimated 25% of world’s population is infected with Ascaris


ROUND WORMTrichinella

Cysts release larvae that burrowinto intestinal wall &mature

Adults release larvae that travel through bloodstreamto muscles

Larvae forms cysts in muscle

http://jeggeri.pri.ee/Kontuur/Loomad/pig.gif http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/trichinella_lifecycle.htmlhttp://www.umm.edu/images/ency/fullsize/trichinella_spiralis_in_human_muscle_2638.jpg

Humans infected by eating undercooked meat containing cysts

Trichinella

Trichinella infection can lead to disease called = __________________TRICHINOSIS-

Symptoms: Muscle pain & stiffnessCan be fatal if cysts form in heart

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/unsegm3.jpg

TRICHINOSIS

Less than 100 cases/year in USA from PORK

Most from eating wild game

Curing (salting), drying, smoking, or microwaving meat does not consistently kill infective worms.

PARASITIC ROUND WORMSGuinea worm

Found in AFRICA



PARASITIC ROUND WORMS Guinea worm

Female bodies under skin fill with eggs and break open; larvae form blisters

Blisters pop and larvae are released in water

Larvae eaten by small crustaceans

Humans infected by drinking water

Larvae mature and adult wormsmigrate to skin



FILARIAL ROUNDWORMS

are transmitted by insects

DISEASES caused byFILARIAL ROUND WORMS

DOG HEARTWORM

Elephantiasis

Loa Loa - eye worm

FILARIAL ROUND WORMS

DOG HEARTWORMCarried by mosquitoes


DISEASES caused byFILARIAL ROUND WORMS

Elephantiasis

Adult worms live in lymph nodes causing blockage so fluid back ups

http://www2.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/32FF6DCF-75CF-42D0-BCAE-297EFDE27CF1/0/elephantiasis.jpg

ELEPHANTIASISCommon in tropical countries

Adult worms can grow to 4” long

http://health-pictures.com/elephantiasis-picture.htm

ELEPHANTIASIS

http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph3.html

Adult worms live and reproduce inlymph vessels

Mosquito picks up larvae from bloodwhen it feeds

Larvae develop into juveniles inside mosquito

Mosquito injects juveniles whichmigrate to lymph nodes and mature

FILARIAL ROUND WORMS Loa loa

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/loa.html

Found in AFRICA

Loa Loa worm• Humans are infected with

larvae when bitten by loa fly

• Larvae mature & crawl around under skin (especially near face)

• Adults mate and produce larvae which can be picked up by another fly and transmitted to another person

http://maven.smith.edu/~sawlab/fgn/pnb/loaloa.html

PARASITIC ROUND WORMS

Hookworms

Ancylostoma

Live in intestine; feed on BLOOD


http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/placoconus.html

Eggs leave body in fecesand hatch as larvae in soil

Larvae are coughed up & swallowed;

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/polk/health/carbon/fact3.htmhttp://www.retiredgreyhounds.co.uk/page12.htmhttp://www.barefooters.org/1995-spring/gifs/mtn_pjl_feet.jpg

HOOKWORM LIFE CYCLE

Adult worms live in intestine and feed on blood

Larvae enter body by burrowing through skin on feet & travel to lungs

Return to intestines; mature & mate

Hookworms in Humans• PROBLEMS

caused by migrating larvae

• Cause intense reaction in skin at site

• Infect 40 million people worldwide

Parasitic ROUND WORMSPinworms

• Most common parasitic infection IN UNITED STATES

• 1/5 children are infected

• Worldwide500 million people are infected with pinworms


Grow up to ½ inch long


Parasitic ROUND WORMS• Adult Pinworms live in intestine

• Females crawl out through anus at night and lay 15,000/day eggs on skin

• Intense itching causes host to scratch

• Eggs under fingernails and on hands are spread back to self or to others when objects/food are touched

ALL SEGMENTED WORMS are EUCOELOMATES!“True coelom”

SEGMENTED WORMS (PHYLUM: ANNELIDA)


SEGMENTED WORMSAnnelida

FREE LIVING PARASITIC

Earthworms Leeches

SEGMENTED WORMS

Return nutrients to soil by decomposing dead leaves and organic matter

Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots

Tunnels loosen soil so roots can grow more easily

Earthworms play an important role in soil fertility

“intestines of the earth” -Aristotle

PARASITIC SEGMENTED WORMSLEECHES

Medical uses

worms friend or foe ?

Documents