would you rather… elect this guy … or this guy. thank god for escobedo v. illinois interrogation...
TRANSCRIPT
Would you rather…
• Elect this guy … or this guy
Thank God for Escobedo v. Illinois
• Interrogation before Attorneys
Chapter 28: JFK and LBJ
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
•
• John F. Kennedy was popularly known as JFK– Decorated WWII hero– Beautiful wife Jacqueline, two
young children • Came from a famous, elite,
wealthy family led by JFK’s father Joseph– Large extended family included
brothers Robert (RFK) and Edward (Ted)
• Many described the Kennedy presidency as Camelot– Symbolizing youth, vitality,
mystique, and power
Election of 1960
• Democrat John F. Kennedy (MA Senator) vs. Republican Richard M. Nixon (Eisenhower’s Vice-President)
• Numerous TV ads and first televised debate usher in era of “packaged politicians”
• Debate results: – Showcased JFK: handsome, confident– Hurt Nixon: nervous, sweaty
• JFK wins close election
JFK Inauguration
•
• First (and, to date, only) Catholic president
• Famous inaugural quote: “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”
• Speech clip• Began his presidency
with enemies among most Republicans and southern Democrats
New Frontier
•
• JFK’s domestic initiatives came to known as the New Frontier– Congress defeated many of these
initiatives
• Deficit spending on defense and space programs helped spur the economy
• Major accomplishment was the expansion of Women’s Rights – Presidential Commission on
the Status of Women– Equal Pay Act of 1963
The Warren Court
•
• Reapportionment (how political districts are drawn) court ordered that districts reflect “one man, one vote”
• Due Process (right to fair treatment and proper procedures)– Gideon v. Wainwright -
court appointed attorney– Escobedo v. Illinois –
attorney present during questioning
– Engel v. Vitale – school prayer banned
– Debate
Do-Now• If you were going
to make a wall to keep out illegal immigrants, what would it look like? (Guard towers? Moats? Tigers?)
JFK and Cold WarGlobal challenges included:1. Rivalry with Soviet Union 2. Stopping spread of
communism– Alliance for Progress provided
aid for developing countries, particularly Latin America
– Peace Corps sent young Americans to perform humanitarian missions in developing countries
3. Reduce threat of nuclear war– Flexible Response
• Reduce reliance on nuclear weapons• Increase development of
conventional weapons and buildup troop levels
4. Space Race– Man on moon by 1969
Bay of Pigs• Fidel Castro had overthrown the
Batista government in 1959• Castro allied closely with Soviet Union• Invasion of Cuba planned by CIA
under Eisenhower– Train and arm 1400 Cuban exiles– Start uprising to overthrow Castro
• Invasion was disaster:– Boats ran aground– Air support cancelled– Almost all invaders were killed or
captured
Berlin Wall• Soviet Premier Nikita
Khrushchev demanded the US withdraw from Berlin, Kennedy refused
• Khrushchev built Berlin Wall in 1961– Wall prevented
exodus of East Germans to the west
– Became iconic symbol of the Cold War
Gate dividing Berlin in 1953
Cuban Missile Crisis• The United States discovers
that nuclear missile sites are being built in Cuba– JFK announced on TV in
October 1962 that the Soviet Union had long-range missiles in Cuba
– Ordered a naval blockade of Cuba
– Demanded that Soviets dismantle missile sites
– Warns that US will respond to missile launch
– Only time in history the Strategic Air Command went to DEFCONN 2
• Nikita Khrushchev and the USSR responded– Continue the work on missile
sites– Agreed to negotiations
Aerial Photo: Missile Convoy
Aerial Photo: Missile Assembly
Cuban Missile Crisis• Compromise is finally reached– Removal of Soviet missiles
from Cuba and the removal of American missiles from Turkey
• The impact of the crisis was important for both nations– Khrushchev loses power
and is eventually ousted– Soviets begin a massive
effort to close military gap with US
– Arms race escalates• Closest world has ever been
to nuclear war
Do-Now•Put your research paper
in the HW bin• Think about this
question: Who killed JFK?
Death of a President
Date: November 22, 1963Where: Dallas, TexasAssassin: Lee Harvey Oswald
• JFK, wife Jacqueline, TX Governor John Connolly and his wife were in the vehicle
• Presidential motorcade reached Dallas’ Dealey Plaza
• Video
Dealey Plaza
Texas School Book Depository overlooking Dealey Plaza
Looking up to window of TSBD from spot of first shot
Grassy Knoll on Dealey Plaza
Mrs. Kennedy helps Secret Service agent climb into the car
The mortally wounded President is rushed to Parkland Hospital
Autopsy Photos
Death of a President
• An avowed Marxist, Lee Harvey Oswald had lived in Soviet Union for a time
• Oswald was employee at Texas School Book Depository which overlooks Dealey Plaza– Rifle found in building links Oswald to
shooting
• Arrested hours after assassination and accused of killing the president– Oswald insists he is innocent
Death of a President• Two days after his
arrest, Oswald is gunned down while in police custody
• Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby, kills Oswald in full view of TV and press coverage– Death of Oswald leads
to speculation of conspiracy in JFK assassination
Jack Ruby Shoots Oswald
JFK Funeral
Lyndon Baines Johnson
•Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) takes the oath of office on Air Force One shortly after the assassination
-Jacqueline Kennedy is at his side
Lyndon Baines Johnson
• Raised in Texas, LBJ had a rough but direct style
• Many years of congressional experience– Became one of the senate’s
most influential leaders
• Known for his ability to build a consensus– Able to get much legislation
passed
War on Poverty • Upon assuming office, LBJ launched his “War on Poverty”– Economic Opportunity Act –
created programs, jobs, Office of Economic Opportunity
– Neighborhood Youth Corps – assist poor young people obtain high school and college diplomas
– Job Corps – helped young people find jobs
– VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) – young people volunteered in poor urban and rural areas
Election of 1964• LBJ wins landslide victory
over Republican Barry Goldwater in 1964
• After election , LBJ works with congress on implementing Great Society– His vision of a better
America for all citizens
Election of 1964
Great Society • Many of the Great Society programs have had a lasting impact– Civil Rights Act of 1964 – makes
racial discrimination illegal– Voting Rights Act of 1965 –
ensures right to vote for African Americans
– Medicare – health benefits for retired and elderly persons
– Medicaid – health benefits for poor Americans
– Head Start – education for disadvantaged pre-schoolers
– HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development) – affordable housing in inner cities
Great Society • Great Society programs have had positive and negative consequences– Positives:
1. Benefits poor communities2. Helps minorities3. Programs have worked for
many years– Negatives:
1. Massive government spending
2. Creates entitlements (certain categories of Americans are “entitled” to benefits)
3. Big government bureaucracy