WOVOdat: preeruption data for GVM

Chris Newhall

Antonius Ratdomopurbo

Christina Widiwijayanti

WOVOdat: What is it?

• A modern, searchable, web-accessible database of volcanic unrest (seismic, deformation, gas, etc), analogous to epidemiological databases

• Linked to the Smithsonian database of historical eruptions (outcomes)

• For READY REFERENCE, COMPARISONS and STATISTICAL ANALYSES of unrest, and its past and future outcomes.

• A reference library at your fingertips!

Principal data sources

–Volcano observatories (all parameters)

–Regional and global observing networks, e.g., IRIS UNAVCO, satellite data (thermal, SO2 & CO2 gas; InSAR, etc)

– Individual researchers (gas, InSAR, other)

–Published data (tables and digitized graphs, especially for old episodes of unrest)

General contents of WOVOdat

• Background info re: each volcano and its quiet state, including DEM and metadata re: monitoring nets

• Temporal changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, groundwater pore pressures, and other parameters

• Spatial details, e.g., earthquake hypocenters, strain vectors and maps, SAR interferograms, etc.

• “Spectral” details, e.g., earthquake spectra, ratios of various gas species

• Indicators of data quality, Notes, References

• Tools for searches, visualization, and data analysis.

Data are:

• Historical (most, ≥2 years old) (moving 2 yr window)

• Geospatially-referenced, time-stamped

• In common (standardized) formats

• “Reduced,” for purposes of searching many episodes of unrest. (e.g., eq. hypocenters, GPS positions and deformation vectors, gas fluxes)

• Digital, to allow replotting, overlays, analysis

E.O.S

VOLCANO

Common or shared: •Bibliographic •Contact Info. •Registry •Permissions etc.

Background Information,

e.g., tectonic

setting, rock types

Eruptions, including phases (from Smithsonian GVP)

DATA: •Event •Intensity •Tremor •Swarm •RSAM/SSAM

DATA: •Tiltmeter •Strainmeter •EDM •GPS •Leveling •InSAR

DATA: •Fumarolic gas •Soil Efflux •Plume

DATA: • Level, disch’g • Chem, T

DATA: •Magnetic •Electric •Gravity

DATA: •Grd. based -Satell based

SEISMIC DEFORMATION GAS HYDROLOGIC POTENTIAL

FIELDS THERMAL

Network Info

WOVOdat: Why? Forecasting, research, and education

• For quick reference during volcanic crises, e.g., XYZ analogues and outcomes

• As empirical basis for probabilistic forecasts • To understand puzzling unrest, and how

volcanoes prepare to erupt • For ready comparisons of unrest, from one

episode or volcano to the next • To discover as-yet-unknown patterns of unrest • As data for numerical “eruption simulator”

• Educational use – interesting data for teaching

basic scientific skills

Mayon, Philippines, and other open-vent volcanoes

(Dav

e H

arlo

w)

Pinatubo and other plugged volcanoes, with special concern re: potential plinian events

Calderas, like Long Valley and many others – imperfect buffers of new intrusions

An example of one specific type of unrest: Distal VT earthquakes (dVT’s) e.g. NW of Pinatubo, ‘1991

• Magma intruding there? If yes, mafic bypass?

• Or, marking outer limit of silicic reservoir?

• Regional strike-slip activity?

• Lubrication of fault by pressurization of geothermal system?

Aha! Lots of other examples of DVT’s (earthquakes offset from cone...)

• Including:

• Montserrat, 1934-37, 1995-

• Tacana 1985-86

• Guagua Pichincha 1997-2001

• Commonalities:

– hydrothermal system

– throughgoing or nearby faults

– association with phreatic explosions

• Probable explanation:

– Pressurization of magma or hydrothermal system raises groundwater pore pressures along faults up to 25 km away

After Randy White, USGS

WOVOdat is NOT for:

• Data of current unrest (not real-time)

• “Raw” or reduced data on single episodes of past unrest. For those, see URL’s pointing back to observatory and contact person(s)

• For research on single episodes or single volcanoes. Much better for non-observatory users to collaborate directly with Observatory staff!

WOVOdat: Who’s working on it?

Dr Antonius Ratdomopurbo, Project Head Dr Christina

Widiwijayanti Geophysicist Chen Lidong,

Programmer

Nang Thin Zar Win Programmer

+ observatories that are volunteering help

WOVOdat stakeholders

• Volcano observatories

• Other research scientists

• Civil Defense (for eruption forecasts and decisions re: immediate mitigation measures)

• Development planners, re-insurance companies (for probabilities of volcanic eruptions, project planning, budgets, etc.) (~GVM mission)

• Those who live and work in the shadow of volcanoes

A few issues

• Data availability? So far, this is not a limiting factor

• Staffing? Large volume of data to seek out and convert

• When and how to open it? In stages?

• Long-term maintenance? (see next slide)

Ensuring the future of WOVOdat

• WOVOdat currently hosted at NTU/EOS, Singapore.

• Current funding for WOVOdat development now at Year 3.5 of 5; need matching or alternative funds after Year 5.

• Advantage of staying at EOS – matching funds, good intellectual and work environment

• Difficulties of staying at EOS – impending staff moves, high cost-of-living, and ineligibility for development aid funding

• Regardless of location, we would like GVM to be both a user and a funder of WOVOdat

Thanks!