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WORKING PAPER | January 2015 | 1 Working Paper Installment 9 of “Creating a Sustainable Food Future”  A V OIDING BIOENERGY COMPETITION FOR FOOD CROPS AND LAND TIM SEARCHINGER AND RALPH HEIMLICH CONTENTS Summary ...................................................................... 1 Definitions..................................................................... 2 Biofuels and Food ......................................................... 6 Biofuels and the F ood Gap ............................................ 8 What About Fast-Growing Grasses or Trees for Cellulosic Biofuels? ............................................... 12 The Implications of Broader Bioenergy T argets ........... 13 Bioenergy Ver sus Solar Energy ................................... 14 The Greenhouse Gas Implications of Using Biomass from Dedicated Land for Energy .................... 16 What “Additional” Sources of Biomass Are A vailable? 22 Recommendations....................................................... 26 Concluding Thoughts .................................................. 28  Appendix A. F orms of Double Counting ...................... 29  Appendix B. Pic torial Representation of Bioenergy Greenhouse Gas Accounting .................. 32 Working Papers contain preliminary research, analysis,  ndin gs, and r ecommenda tion s. Th ey ar e cir culat ed to stimulate timely discussion and critical feedback and to inuence ongoing debate on emerging issues. Most working papers are eventually published in another form and their content may be revised. SUMMARY  What is the role of bioen ergy in a sustainable food fut ure? The answer must r ecognize the intense global competition for land, and that any dedicated use of land for bioenergy inherently comes at the cost of not using that land for food, feed, or sustained carbon storage. The world needs to close a 70 percent gap between the crop calories that were available in 2006 and the calo- rie needs anticipated in 2050. During the same period, demand for meat and dairy is projected to grow by more than 80 percent, and demand for commercial timber and pulp is likely to increase by roughly the same percent- age. Yet three-quarters of the world’s land area capable of supporting vegetation is already managed or harvested to meet human food and ber needs. Much of the rest contains the world’s remaining natural ecosystems, which need to be conserved and restored to store carbon and combat climate change, to protect freshwater resources, and to preserve the planet’s biological diversity.  A growing quest for bioe nergy exacerbates this compe- tition for land. In the past decade, governments have pushed to increase the use of bioenergy—the use of recently living plants for energy (Box 1)—by using crops for transportation biofuels and increasingly by harvesting trees for power generation. Although increasing energy supplies has provided one motivation, the belief that  bioenergy use will help combat climate change has been another. However, bioenergy that entails the dedicated use of land to grow the energy feedstock will undercut eorts to combat climate change and to achieve a sustainable food future. Suggested Citation:  Searchinger, T. and R. Heimlich. 2015. “Avoiding Bioenergy Competition for Food Crops and Land.”  Worki ng Pa per, Inst allme nt 9 of Creating a Sustainable Food  Futu re. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at http://ww w.worldresource sreport.org .

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Page 1: WRI Report: Avoiding Bioenergy Competition for Food Crops and Land Final

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