wright study of ritual in the hebrew bible-libre

8/9/2019 Wright Study of Ritual in the Hebrew Bible-libre

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EW UE E T ETU


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Wright, David P. "The Study Ritual in the Hebrew Bible."

Pp. 120-139.

The Hbrw Bible

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Fck E Gsp

2008

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YK L


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C

The Study of Rital in te Hebrew Bble

Dv W

Te pas oy yeas hae seen sgncan deelopments in e stuy o ta n te Bbe Seeal actos ae esponsble fo his Fst o all antoogsts socogsts scolas of egn and een piosophes ae exanded te mods and pespectes wit wc we apoac te topice eelpent of ntedscplna ta studes as natully led bbca as wel as nonbbca scolas to bng nsgts fo ts genel eldto bea on bbcl data A second facto s e cpaate lteay edence a as come t gt oe e as centy and a h o e an-

cent Nea East nclding He Ugatc Sme and adian tatexs. Td the gow f bblc stdes tsel as ed to inceasng specaon wt see sclas dotng mc of tei caees to qestons o ta forth thee as been contned qestining abote eelopment f te Toa ad especialy ts pesly soce wc contans moe nfomaion ab al mattes an an ote sngle copsn he Bble Unesanding ts eate as town lgt on the deel

pment o bot te oah and he elgos sto of ancent sae

te paculas o the std bbcl ial ae adanced so as hdeniin of a aong nonblcal scolas Eale denitons wich

stll old se sway ted to pode a st f ctea fo idenng an actas il Fo exampe e anopolgst Vcto Tne dened ta aspescbed fomal beaio fo occasons not gien e to tecnlogicoine, ang eeence o beles n mystc bengs o pwe1 Oteentons hae focused n e ncion of ital beao speccaly as


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!2

supposed sme o ctic, cn tu into cotst eeeniot d oty o beee eoon d g7 Meoeve ia s exessi esppses ht ius coe o menncn e seted m the cion tse, dchoom she ejects F e,

i does not sboze comuncte, o eect s much s cete e-ioships eee he dds invove8 s sch, t s no setem oe beho, bu n exenson o

Ho tus e distingshbe om ohe ctiies cn e see bcg de nd taed vsos o the sme bsc pheome-n Mes ode od exmpe9 Ried mes c e econeds sh y the hppe ess eque o oe equey h e

mes, e novemet o ticits ho do om ptcten eu es e ess he cmmt), o om seg eets, s mots o ood (oo e o too much) scoth, speci pepos, o cnecto ith othe itued ctiies eg pes d scice)

Becuse civites e on contum om hose th cnt te o itto to tose ht e hih tied, h cnt e un

destod thot eeece to the eted actties o th continuum Foexmpe, to ndesd the hh ued ctiv scce, ne musok e e cone o oth in nd es i the cue nwhch te scce ks pce

s vs ss

s e t to th ptius, i is tu o ocs n the extensive iestwitns the Toh, whee it ms e dense ttested deschosp hs o ecged tt the oh is cmsed o vissuces o tdtios h deeoed e he time o oses, ou e mdde ceies o e st mennim B

ie hee s dsute bout e bsote nd etie cootei exc cne, d ow he cme to be jied nd eded toethe,

ost schos econe he existece o o sc bdes o tetue,which he coe to e desnted s J Jhwst Yhwist, ost P(Piest, nd D (Deuteic he mtei is mn he oo oeeoo cdes he ee bo o eitcus, the ches in o-s d Nues bot h wideness snc d ts isttios,s see chtes i Geness The J nd E suces hic sme scs


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The Study of Riual n e Hebre B

gop ogehe ue he ui cas o e d o sohem ou oe he emang maea n Genss Exodus, an a of hese soes oas nomaon ao ua aiviies hoP s he oe os onene ao hese maes wh hape a t o aws on saaybdng sae, piesthood puy, an foh he D maa sds seon n he amot of inomao coains ao ua

Ts sos ee eios soms a pspeives ha ie nan om eah oe Fo eampe, D aows sagh o naoside a empe one nd no as a sae Deueoom Peqes a am sauh to pefoed as sae a he a

a eviis 7 D os woshippe o se a bene m hihe Deu 49 whe P has gven as a onaon o he rsbes paes he wdeness sana osie he a Exos 33) we P paes a he ene o a smmeia aage ap(Nums dening a expnng hese eenes ae he egnngs o a hsoias wo in eonsng b and Isa go

Soaship eomes mo speave when i aeps o ie

sudvsions whn hese asi soues Noneeess, ee a son ncaons ese main soes o adons espei P D e nosipe unies One sbdivison, h unesaning of whih ha naed in een eaes, s in pies wigs Shoas a oeognzed ha evis 726 san ou om es o he iws n he gene om a hei oc fo oss Bausof s onen hese hap ae esgnaed he oness Coe U ec

en ha ee ough ha he Honess Code pedaed e oaion o t es o he s wiings, w oo p, ee ad opoa h Hoss Code no P n m198os, Isa o ea e Hoss Coe s aay ae han he age pies ingswhi it pa suts0 H so showe h maea eae o eHoss Co is fond n ohe as o asibed o he peswings indng signan pas of ues a a ew ats o xds As an expansion o e pes wings, he oies Coe ene odemoaze ua pespeves Fo exape was paua -s n denng he peope's onss espea as a eeon o ehoiness f L 92 0:6 hs wen eond he pes wgswhose ntees was mo mied o pes hos ompae evis 8)he he ea sope a onepa eaionsp of ese oonens an be ispued o exampe Bau Shw des wh


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d Jb i see e Hoss Cd a s o e pes Ta e a eoa t ss o ese sos he si pae te dsssi

e hooa ash _ he aos soes s dspd Mos

se JE as he es as s s aob Mo sae K adBah haz see he pes Toah ad oess Cd as ea aD Mst shoas hoe se e s e a D o

des e xed po o a o ajt sas s aws appea be te a bok d d he e osa 620 BC; 2 s22, ad ee s es s (2 Kis 23. JE s heeoe eae a te o Jsa b e o ees d t Ps Tah

d ss Cde ae ate b a e dedes oe

i

ae sds as a pma o tt e estps o esad he s sse o ho J M's

as be odata e as ocsed o e saces ht ae essea t pes s ad ssaed depedetae e zee d os ad w e eed o eos h "a/pcat e Jaf' tasaed b ses "s e ad e "epa o ' ses saed as /spss Thse sad e st e sshat a bht o pse mstaes s as e e osad ee hc de e b e some sae s a b bt a o ss; e 4) "eb e zbay mm ad s sbpe e as e- d e pc se ota s ese bess; ths o be od pa es ade a e aacta esas . Nbes 28-29)

Ms toes o sce cs k the s he pa c Oe sc e sees a as sbste o e es

o t 4 Tee ae ess s he Oe s a s s aseed the aa h s te kd as a pse Ad to s pespece the aas d eas dsc ta h pso o he s oks a aa as ep-eset he eso wh oes t becmi sybo scaq o e ee


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e u he He le 2

A pi ic f h s f hese substiuin hries is gs-tu f pcing he hn n he he f scricil i bere it issughere (e.g. Le 1:4; 2 8 44 24 9, 33 his hs bee inepee s trsrig sin he i uch s Leiicus 62 cibesh pceent s mens f nsering sins the h h scpegt Bu he scpeg is n scice: i is t kie bu sip ienint wienss the en Azze which is igin i hreMreer is tu is pere wih w hns whs scce peuses ny n h Fuhee the nehe sue is s e fthe webeig ri ba la; Le 8 ,which is bu psitie ccsis (hnksgiig ise questing bssig) whe i hs

nthig t wi sn he nehe gesture is mr iky y shwing t th ni bong t he ere sigiing h is isine rthe th "this is e espcily since ter pesnn (iestsn hir ssistns) e ned heee in ng he ing. Ieed sii gesure ws use by he Hities i i ncin eym b 600 20 B.C. n h pcice n iiiu he is rher h t sight istnc e n nil pepe fs e

he cins pesen the eing t th gs. he pupse hsgesture ws sybize wh ws ctuly pin he feing

In cssic sudy Hei Hubet n Mc Muss gue h sicecnecs the pfne scre spheres1 This is u t s exet swe wi see scice is ns cuictig with g i htlubces the whees f diiehu incti I s ws e sn i the ii psec (c. x 27 423 Deu 6 On

he hu ee scice bigs peple geher t ene hi etnship ch her. But klng he ni is n wht cs in heBible es nt eve equire h he ere the piest k he h cu be b hes wh physicy ble d xp. Eel44 specicly sys h he Leies nt he eers kil he is(c 40384 herere the c f sugheing cn b s s cieng is suppsed g fr he ffere pesny. es he Bibe escribe te ehd f kig. Th he n's neck b essls wer cucn y be ucd fr h equieets ht is bl be ghe (inbws) f th ris th w h ext hus ss ineste inslughe itse s ens f esbishng cunin wih G

the ype substiuin thry is en Girs i th scceis epsnttin f igl humnginshumn ience scice euce cnrlle this scieygig ggessin. s


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ate than ben a pr fo the offee he anmal vctm is a srogaefo the eso aans wo te cs ner a e decte

The stoy o saacs nea scice n Geness 22 can suot Garstheo snce i seems t enapslae he idea ta i anma sacrce

evolve om hman sacce wh d podig a ram nstea f requrng the bcey of Abaham's s Other passages also ook on uma sace negatively 8 In cntras evtus 27:29 ves klng mans n edcan o Isael's Gd more osivey, stn t aong oeetmate edcais suh as vws rstborn anms, and tes sla eqes the deat of poscbed uman (oe ue erem elysoene s t be desroyed a f Deu 205-18; Sam 7

133 esp 8, 3 hat erso annot be redeemed no an a substtetae e hs pace Putng mns under posrin n war may esai o ree a me stage n Grads theoy, a sae n wch the aze kn f huans was stl owed.

oweer is b tha e can rw an evtonay e om han sacrce o ta ing" t an sacce. he ba evdncespeas ra of chd sacce, not adut hman sace It seems bet

e conceve of hd sacce as havng eveope o f anmal sacice. ne sows eeme eon oeing hat s cosest mspred nte eecy Jes n340 nd 2 ns 32227 n do toeness 22 ene he race evoved n the opposte reton omthat hch irard popose. Fuhemore, the meho f ng humans a s not e same as scce. ven e ale kn of aghm Samuel hace p (Ssp beore YW" n am 533 isqte st rm sacce nal or sace t uel voent teences the c king od ave t be emed n a wa that releaseseotons b the B ives o naton at slugten nvolved aeo eny

Ithama Genwad has ecen ropsed tha saice is a smbolcenatmen f a ss. s teo ests rmay on the reatsh tween the soy of the eah o Aarons sons f binn ct oals oncens Letcus 0 ad he conseuen ay f Atonemet sacces

Letus 6 noe the nneion haper 0 n 1. uenwad seese pcatn offeins of he a of Aonement (0 as a reacono th priests sn s hery s smla to ot sbstton theoes n hsee tt sacice epace injrous aamity h sbli an n-toled ng B t s niue n hat e nms kng taes h pce on epeted msfoune athe thn of the offee. he rest o the rtu


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b b

procub scc pcs sccsprt o procss of rsoro o olss tt

hou s tortcl ss s stl ruwls spci irprtto of scrc s ut cul vcus 1 scrs luhr ls ol pss c 6:, s s h cs s th prs corpus ( rouhou Bbl, or r). s r cool ctt o cstoph o oul pc t o or to h br to of slu r th rs ofth Bl s ppr o b sco subort c s prss h bloo s ocus o purco ors 2 r pupos s o puri h scu rs rr r

th loo s sp or pc o sis puit 2Fuhror loc o how oo of whc s ps objc o push c so us o rmo pury tol sctur to pro o h ps pcs (2 c 43 ot clr s objcto so ppls o or substuo s

oth trptto ht ocuss o l s Wl Burkr tht scrc s rtul rct of h u.20 As u coo

sussc mo o t r o rs os s sl riculur pcic o scrc prsrvd oro h r o r o of c hs pro opuy storc Socs subssi l o osic l coiu to i hui. Hc scrc b s s rtul fomc o rt y of l ls

Joh Z Sth ou c th focus s scrc "th

rcl (i., ruz kl of rtcil , osic) -21 hus h s h sti po or tor of scrc hwch oos lrs i rcpto o scrc out o or t r o : or ou m: u th jc osct 22

utrooy P's uls out hu m s to corm stos prculrl Burrs Bcus utrooy lt cuc orsp o sil cr scur lod orliou slur ofis h o s huy or (Dut 225)

loo o hs s s o rd lk th loo o u lsb i pour oo rou P rsss t trt o th oo ut ls i th lrr co o ts rurmt th l oic s h c b scrc , thos r pur us) or s scc hr boo plc o t tr us h boo of is s so to b trtd i rspct o


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1

sc s cao b o s sacrc r boo s sy o bpord o d covr wh r 3 rby xog rso oo g or avg k t a (c v 4 nd -423

s planons viw sacrc as modcaton o ung u ct scrc s a dcly rn phnomnon ng s o dr wh ay sc dc o god bu sy to oba a or hua wras scrc sks o gg a suprna orcor on's acrca ns saug rary o rovda m for go no or hs y pop cv s om oyon scrc wg orng (c vcus 7 s a sc dispson T s o urcao d gil orngs gos o

o ss (Lvs 67 No uma s y o ur ofrg (vcs 626 s rsrc dsuo a maksno sns scc s a wy or hs o ob oo o omscas

os ocs o ng s pr s msgdd probm s s oac cano pan t s o orgs soso o aa rs o aar varos uss o

boo a scy h onm saccs ( cr/g ogsa wn bos) a o wc ncud bbc dscions osacrc o dos a o t oss o g w gr n-c Nr Easn cot w kg ss rv unpora s o n ion

Tors a ocus on c o prso on o vicm r o p Ts s rsao o ogs as aapoc c as po sao o gs ood gs atc-ar o ua surors n s ppoac m gr orngs

bogt pac o s a or accoas gv o y orr o c osv rsos

oogc cosrcs o s o o aphorca an sccayhropooc" cos For dscros o Gods mr savor ar a ng a s o u suos coy ary t y n monarcy Moov s an

ys suc as Tb av sow moor og as I po ca itog cry no qu o rtu s o o s basc compo-s

H uas cd srucv as o c vr oga cr go o a ptcr o a a rl promd our cr B... whch sks o v r ng


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The Su f Rul he Hebw 9

and queen o e eecs of paace nrgue sckness and oe us cudes e foong anaogcal ncanaon

s a doo ns o is so, so ay ev ay sho y ang o

gos, h ong o e any n a o i os.25

s efers o a uneaed enoeo e door unng n oe escbe e res a s soug e u cone (urnng ba gods ange c anaoges may be o eens om everyday fe as epe aboe o o rua acons e bunng a a gurne

aloges suc as ese usrae a opedfor s and ae ccree e ncanaon o any accopanyng re does no mecac

acee e goa aog e pefoe ay nk and epec s ogy's pray ncon s o me e suaon angbe ad ana

by enng ndescrbabe suerg o blessg I s broay smlar o a scence d ecnogy use meapor seag of ave" ond compuer ruses" n orde o descrbe someng non o edscoveed n es of soeng aread on nogy es pobe o conceve of scuss and develop ero uneressed deas

og's poer o adance conceuazaon s ne of e reasons rua rperfored e ge parcans some conroa eas psycolconroove someng a reaenng elusve s one y suce eason o erfor rie eve f e desed oucome doe nae a sor or elood of beg ed

aog s foud n abbeiaed fos as sme or eap Ugac a for monce s an epe of se

Yo ( deiiaig ) sha deprt a o o y-pest e so oh ha o a

sae o a l on goas o e s ke

os o h r6

e nogcal enomenon ee s no a copee senence jec and pecae bu sy peposon prase of comason

eape of eapo s fond e adan uukk ua One cnaon a seeks o remoe deonc sckness says

May ( a an no on! May h bon be oose!27

ac of ese saemens conans a meaporca descron f e (no be conned" bond be oose or anca purposes e expand ese o l anaoges:


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0

a a o o o n , o may h an b o

m b o i o m on, o a n b

om moc ob.

sa os ogy w ay ss o as oows

a a huma o ho ai o aa hogh

a a oo g, h i no a

aa hogh a a o g n acc.

N s uso suos s o o a gs sas. A O suaz og s sou soom o Uu us a m o xa Ga8 hg a s so s g au a- o as h h gos mgs w sv o mas a Ogs o qu a squ oos s o as ads s w a o ags was h

g o g o a w shws a was o oo a gos ysaly osu o oy o xm o oo o B ad go ou as a s [o as a14] o oo o a a) a o suy W Ga y os ag soom ogs sss xs sg ts a o o ous o g ama2 mss s o oosa s s so o-sd o gos as a a

suos o m Os" so aks a aogs w os gos oo gg o x o-as h ogs o gos o mas g um mass

h in o m a h g gay n? No! Wh ga

o h a hch a ag o i m a a ai

n a an o an br h ma, h ah a c

a gam h i g h oo o gi m h bag bca h h ma a a , h in i

o hm31

o a aaog s o u o goog o o wag as s s a ao o


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t t t w 11

uy P 5 br 9 b y r o t gr ao o wg o od " aary Bo g d om o bad o r dr ob d g Bbrt d o o o ao by ob h o od xu o u d r aa d b d ' o ao m d g og o o oy = br rm o r or g gro b d o ) g o y oag r d org u b bd

623; o a oyou po o

dg o dh ry BC mk ogy ox o g do oo o Go

son hoos hs faer a a sea, master B a a fahe here

is e onor due Me? am a aser, wee i h ear e me? S saysH of hoss to you pests o dee y ae. But you say, o

ae e sise or nae" By ong oneptibe oo o my tar.

Bt yo say, How hae we made You (vaa: i) coeptbe? e o

say Te abe o HW is despcable you brg u a bd aa

fo sagte s thee ohg wog wh tha? e you brig a e

a sick anma, s hee otg ro i at? Js try oe sc

o your cv overo he acce yo or gran you esec? sysYH of hoss Ereat te pesence o Go so at he a sho s

mec s s o yo ongwl e gat yo espec? o says

of hoss. Woul ha oe o o wo just sh he (empe os, s at

o o oger ligh M a o o urose! I ae o peaue n yo. o

say Y of oss I o accept yo oerg o you! dee m

he sng o te o s seng My ame is revere among te naio.

eery pce cense s oered o My name a wel as a pre oerig, bese

My nae s rvee amog e natos o says W of hoss Bu ou

proane we you say, e abe of e Lo is cptbe and

ood s despcabe" M2

Aorg o g org ood d d b ro o org y o


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eenting a feat he iv leaer Even e tvatin ia Theue f e etah f G a father and ate uderoe e anagc ntepeatn f aie a a feat Y H W H i a peri, eerving fpe epe.

Deiptn f aie a f fr G an f the ata a Gd tabeae nt niqe t Malahi nitent ith te anagy ggete hee, theffeing ade at te alta nit f fd ite The ania ued f arie nde bl and hee and gt, an br f the pigenfaily Thee are at of every Iraeite ertted diet Oeing ayl nit f gan an ne a el a ania leh Nber :6art f t te ere and ne eing that aopany brnt and

elbeng ae. eviti 2 give aiu reie f eea eing,ra an ed. he ed vein 4 in artla are epaeda f they are ea te n ae f vet, the eea eng ay havebeen eed a a btitte f a bntering anial, inah a theeptio in Leit 2 fll etly n the peitin f thebunt eing in hapte The eea ein en ntain il a an ngeient eitiu 2) thi eeent i itte hen he eeal i bught

a puiatin ffering ev um 5=5 Sat a al ued n ereaan the ering e 2:) Sare th tain a l enu f fodte: ea, bea ine l, an at

It i nt lea hethe ania bd houd be ndere a fd iteA e a ave, the b f ekie ene the divne f a nitingf fat an bl" Eek 4:7) n Pa , Gd ak, D I dnk thebld f gat?" v 13 iniretly eeting at leat a a ntin thatbl in are i a fd Sine bood a hibited fm rael iet aing t , f the diet f all uan (Gen 4 Lev 7:26277: -ne ight epet t t be ede diet a ell, ateat in the ind f the t yteat thiner Dieent h fthgh n dbt eted in bbll antiquity ight hae ipliitly eeted the ntin that the bl i divine f n it iin f theper ipition f ariial blo (an gae anial b) in Levitiu The bd ae n the ata t ran the ee ve f

ng the ani ring n the gn an then vering i haa parle funtin f hunted anial) Thi de nt t t having beennert a vine fd. Mrever ariial bd nt aed n tf te ata and buned in the a ther ariia tn are Treatingb deenl ay ae aled it t be vieed a dint f fprtin


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Sdy fR he H le 33

y e_ whn P sares prode a swee aro o God (e.g,Le 1:9; 2:2 35). Ths s her edene a he were udrsod ases. The saary r epe s se up as e de abode ad he per ar aed Gods be" (zek 44:16 M q 2) P's egso ssh press us ren oy d us no proane God's e busey oer he oerngs o YHWH, he ood o her God (Le2:6; sry 8 he oerngs o e ho ds re aed (e,YHWH's) ood" Nu 28:2, 24) Te a ps o e ebeg oerg a re bred on he r r ed ood" Le 6.A beshed pres s no o oer he oo o s God" (e 2:17, 2, 22, reerrg o porons o sres a are ge o he ess

o ea One s no o oer he ood o your God" h e.,sares) o he ad o a oreger" (L 22:25) Te book o eke, wh s reaed o Pesto, aso aes reerene o "My .e.YHW'] ood' hh s dened as sr a nd bood" (447)

n he J srnd o h ood sory, No buds n ar d es burn oerng ro he pure nd as ad brds n he r Yses he oerg Ths pes God d eds o e prse no o rse

e groud d desro e ag (Gen 8:222) Te sory bou nnd Abes sr (J so ppers o epoy he o o sarsdeod YHWH ors Abe's na erg oer n's egere (Gen 4:37)bbeue s preered oer he sad bar. Oher sesdesrbe oerngs s hospat eas or de essegers Thes arehe onsued b dne re (Gdeo Judg 6824; sos pasJudg 3523 Geness 8) n h he se wy oergs re n

sed by dne re n he presy soure ( 9:24). s o deaep snds ou s he pne o e sar aUdrsandg sares re Gods ood epns spe o e

dery ws n P. sre's de approaes a o s God he o ude g byod e sares s persson o ea pure g ans(.g aneope) nd s (wh ns ad sas), whras God s e odosed udrupeds nd brds he pgeo a Isae's tedhoe o eas rees s eeo o o res o uay (Le 20426 :445). s der rsrons ree he hness o s God.

O eaue whh rs gae rases probes or hs nerpreono sae s ha God s genera ge poros h uans oud nsder unpabe he sera , he dnes, ad a obe o he e ohe webeng oeg, he puaon oerng n he gu eg(Le 335 91, 46; 4:80, 920, 26, 3 33 :34 he y sre


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A W R I G

n hih e deity es apping usuar ea s he brn ogwhos esh is ey o h a Leu 1). Ts probeas a paa souon. Thoray he try of evry sara a-a s osiderd Gods Porions eae by umans are asfered o

h as a g or aowae (f Nu 188-0 hans are g th porons ha hey d os paaae as par of s osso e fa hathas ea oros of h saies her demonsraes tha tese aro be osided food fo h dey. od s sarg ea ih srvasand orshpers

Any u a ay be nrpeed n a ari of ways, and sare s oeeio. T siuao as ad s siar to he erpreao of iera-ure, a, or s. Whe a auhor aris o oposr ay ned oehig, he bhode s ee o aie somng ue diern. Te vy of ritua aay deds o s ab to bear pe ierpreatos.

oog aheie B's obsraio tha ra s a eas of eatngad aatig nerprsoa ower reaiosps ones poso i thepower srtur ma we ere e ean oe gives o riua sbos This eans a den arpas ay have dier epreaos o sa performane n addtio, he eiees of ndviduasand oue oer ead o a eeion of h ag of riuasybos ke the oder Passovr Sede whh s on e eais ad een os fo year o yar an om geerao o generao(sia, or a, as aruaed oer agas ves he a o Is-ra or as fis ors oe o te fore. Hene s ke a hebia peos av sare a varie of erraos eress tevaous oes he Here biba t ed o aree ha at base sa-e as a feas presened to od; oer nuaes bud on his bas oio

NOES

T, o o b (Itaca NY Co vsi Pss 9 9as tion I NY Co Ui ss, Sii-r h t Enopa on d itua s tos o-ious d ouny, pitios a zd sboi bod ons h c


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6 V

Sarice, and the Tmpe: Smbom and pereonm n he Std of AncntJam (Oxfor xford Uiversy ess 5) a Janzn e a Meanng o acrce n te Herw Be: A Std o For Wrtng (BZAW 44 Berine Gruer 4); Gary A. Aerso, Sacrce and Orng n Ancent Irae:

Std n the Soca and Potca Imortance (Harar Seiic Monographs Aana Ga: Scolars res, 987) Jacb Migr Ct and Connce: TheAam and e Prt Docrne of Repentance (Sties i Juaism in ate -ut 8; een: Br 976; Baruc A. eine In the Prene of te Lord (Stuies inua in ae Atqut eide Bril 1974)

Te cereal oerng (mn) substitutes for r suppees anohr tpe ofoerng; i s nt a separate caegr

4 I w ot review ere varius heories a inerpre sacrce a soco

logcal point of ew agree wit Caterie Bel a ritua incuing sacricedoes ot sboe comicae or reec as uch as t oes wat it oes e.

creates reatonshps beween e iniduals inoe (Rta heo trougho n a huan socoogcal eel acrce eacs an susains eatiohips of

power betwee ierent casses (priests ay persons family emers oerer versus nte gests etc.). Nanc Jay heorie that sacrice s a means of estabsh

ig and susaiing escent roug maes ts is no a fac of nature ad so ustbe ritay creae (roghot Yor Generaton Forvr Sacrce ego and

Patrn [Ccago: iersi f Chicago res 99 ) It sou be oe tha,whe Jay spe more broad about te onspon sacrca es ad notjus lling, te ng of e ani s an integra part of her heor (cf pp 49 ) ie iblica socie is ceary patrarcha, t i icu o veri Ja's arguen as appied o bibical sacrce. n gender erpretatio of sacrice seeas Ia Srens, Beteen Thry and Specaliy Sacrce n e 9s" Regotde Re no (anuar 996): ) Ssan Sered owars a GeereTpoog f Sacrice Woen & Feag, Me & Death in an nawan lage'n Sacre n ego xpernce ed Aber Baugarn (Nuen Boo SeriesStdes n he is of Regn 9 eiden: ri 3-8

15 For a coprehesie sud see Daid Wright, "e Gsture of Ha

acement in the Hebrew Bibe an in Hitte ierature orna of te mrcanOrna Socet 6 (986 ) 4-46

6 Huber an M Mauss, Sacrce: t Nare and ncton (Ccago ni-versi of Cicago ress 1964) T a n aare ( heorec Specuations n Sac-

rcemn

[964 9) otes ta in sacrice ig he anma a be "itleore han a echic ruiremen an us n syboca r concepuay sg

o te rite7 Rn Grar Voenc an th Sacred (Baltore Md. ns pns Un-

ers ress ; c. Buron Mac "nrocon: Reig a Ru n Voent Orn ater Brkert Grard and onatan Z th on ta Kng


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Sdy f Hw B 7

ad Cr m d. Re G ne-Klly d a. adUnes ess 1987), 6-

8 The Bbe ese aess he pacce f chd sacce, especa e gd Mech, a acice ha ma e indec asscaed lae c

chd sacce Le 18:1; 06; eu 3; 180; 1 gs 17; ngs 327;6; 77 3 6; po, 3; e 31; 9 5; 33; Ezek 6; 06 3; 3 37 s

03738 h 339 Ihama uenwd, Rta ad a eo esp 8030 alte uke, Homo Nea e Aroy o Ae Greek acra

Rua ad Bekee Uvesi ana Pess, 1983; cf Mack "Iductn 3

1 Z mh, "The Dmestcan acce, oe Or Wr

Brker Re Gard ad oa m o Ra ad Cra Foo ed G amenKe ad, al. and Uives Pess, ,0 ad c 1960

J Sh, "The m estcan 1993 One cud esh h s he u b sing h at dmesca ceaes a e

xensie "sca e wh h anmal ha b bke, eques a me dm laghte

4 S ] Tabah, "The Maca we ds, a 3 (98: 1758Fm and Meaning Mag c Acs A P Vie, n de o Eo Tk Weer a d No - Weer ocee ed R Hn ad R. FnnenLndn abe and abe, 973 999 F a dscss heeca specs al u and a l the eaue, see avid P. Wgh, "Aai Bbcal ad e ua in eraoae m Reeccezee ce lese Nrre d dem Ae eame m 2 d1 rrce aaed ed. Kas Kch, Bed Janws, and e hel bs Bbics e eals 9; ibug/Gingen adenhck pech, 1993) 473-50 Rua ag Psl 109' oa of ba Lere 3 9) 385404; "lw Awa Lke a Bable The amcs of nan P 8 Reve bqe 0 (19 9 336

5 o 6 vs. ; Maned ue, e d He DsRa der Taa fr e aar a meeer Ze Obs Bblce Oenas 8; ebug nvesvelag; Gnge Vandenhec & Rupec988) 44 The ansla has ben smped.

6 U/ 6935; D emng The Vce f e gii caaPest 8/0) UarForc 3 199 ) 144 C 3

.

A e Oee ad Eca ene Mopotaa: Poat aDe Cv zao (Ccg es g e 197 3

W e a F ad to h d i c


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8 D P . R H T

Mesopoaa in Ria an Sare in the ncent Ne E ed J QuaegebeurOrenta Lovanensa naec 5 ; een ij Prs e partemennaise 13) 1201 ee so e recen essa by v busch Sacrce nMesootamia n Scrie n Regios Experiee ed ber I Baumgaren ei

den Br 2002) 3-8 e noes ha he act o ling he ana is osthdden behnd the consruc of eedng he god a constrct whch emerges ou ofa cobnaon o e eare oerng and sorag and te laer mage o feeding adine g n hs palace He sees he iterest n bood in es eitic sacrice asa ncon of trbalnsp reatons and erhaps a elhood based on he leshand lood of anmls ee lso hs "Blood n Israe and Mesopotaia' n EmaneStdie in Here Bibe Sepagin and ead Sea Sc in Hnor of Emanel oved om Pa et a Leden: Br 2003) 67584

30 See Olver Gurney Some Apet Hiite Reiion Oxord xford ners for he Bsh cademy 7) 28-34 There are some oher pracices thatuse he blood of anims n a ritua a or where the death o e vcm s o tance (see D right e Dpa o mprit Aana a: cholars Press987] 36 note 6) his s no o be coned t the regular sysem o offerigsUgartc racce so presens sacce as food gen o he gods (aid P WrghtRita n rratv e namic f Feting ning n Retiaton ies int Ugaritc e ofqhat inona Lae nd. isenbraus 200 2122 326

182, 89-031 KB 13 4 226; J Prcad ncient Near tern ex eating to the

etamen (rnceon N Prnceto nversy Press 96) 20 Transao simed.

. Te ncense laced on cereal oens (c Le s clear no a food emHoever it does the arge cone o feasing here peasing se pas a roealongside ase Incense as so reglary oered on the smal tar nsde e tenshie (Eod 30-10 A speca bad oerng of twele oaves was se out on aable n he outer room o the ent of he lderness aernace according o the Pegisaion Lev 2: c Exod 2230).

33 ough denng a sacrces are tea dvne ood (a smr den

tha cae sacrce artcuarly made on grimage to ecca s od's oodc be found n the uran 23) e psalm does no supply another nerreat on nor does ever den hat hs is n fac he meaning hat underes sacrice

34 n P sraees are echncy owed to ea e esh of pure aimas thahave ded on hei on

(neb)or ha have been led b oter anmals

erp;see he p caons o Lev 1390 and 116 hch do not prohbit ngesonhe mus ae sure togh that he pu aerards and pests are no alloed o eat h s e o mea Lev 228) Deueronomy owever 142 folonghe ovenant ode (Exod 2230 does not alo sraeles to a his te o meat

wright study of ritual in the hebrew bible-libre

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