write 5 inferences about how the geography of greece would affect the people ‘s lives that lived...
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Write 5 inferences about how the geography of Greece would affect the people ‘s lives that lived here. Finish Greece Vocabulary. G E O G R A P H Y. Where on Earth is Greece?. Greece is located on a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea. . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1. Write 5 inferences about how the geography of Greece would affect the people ‘s lives that lived here.
2. Finish Greece Vocabulary
G
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Where on Earth is Greece?
Greece is located on a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea.
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Many islands can be found around the peninsula.
Greece is almost completely surrounded by water.
From Petal Middle School To Greece
Buckle your seat belt!!
Notetaking Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main
idea)Geograp
hyLocated- peninsula- extends
into Mediterranean Sea--
islands
Find the latitude of Greece– Us?Does latitude or longitude effect
weather?
• Location:
• Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
• Continent:
• Europe
• Size:
• slightly smaller than Alabama
• Climate:
• temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
• Terrain:
• mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
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Notetaking Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main
idea) Geography
of Greece Located-peninsula- extends into
Mediterranean Sea Location- continent-- Europe borders Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea Size- slightly smaller than Mississippi Climate- temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers Terrain: mostly mountains – extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Much of Greece was rocky and barren and bad for agriculture. **9 out of 10 acres,
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There were many mountains and valleys. The climate was hot and dry, and rainfall was limited to the winter months.
Most Greeks lived along the coast where the soil was good for farming.
What problems did these conditions cause for farming?Not much fertile land
Not enough water during
Growing season
Farming in ancient Greece was difficult due to the limited amount of good soil, rivers dried up in the summer, and the land was covered in mountains. It is estimated that only twenty percent of the land was usable for growing crops. The main crops were barley, grapes, and olives.
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farming
Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Difficult: little farmland rivers dried up in summer mountains Main crops: barley, grapes, olives
The Greeks had more problems compared to the other civilizationwhen it came to farming!!!!!
Because of the issue with farming, what did the Greeks do???
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Trade by sea
Farming
Trade:
Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Difficult: little farmland rivers dried up in summer mountains Main crops: barley, grapes, olives Forced to rely on trade for food Developed into separate city-states
Geography of Greece
THE GREEKS CAME TO RELY UPON TRADE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES FOR FOOD, BUILDING SUPPLIES, AND OTHER GOODS.
What can we infer because the Greeks lived separated by mountains? Do you think they thought of
themselves as one united country or separate cities?
Justify your answer
Land and city-states
Page 169
Minoan Civilization:•From 3,000-1100 B. C.•Lived on the island of Crete•Developed great sea trade•Developed great culture•Art and Agriculture
Even though they thought of themselves as separate city-states, what attributes did they have in common?
Page 170MYCENAENS
• lived on mainland
• reached height of power around 1400 B. C.
• gained much power through trade
Mycenae
Corinth
Civilization- a culture that builds cities andhas achievements in art, literature, science, and technology.
Roles of Men, Women, and Children
The ancient Greeks were very proud of their city-state! The ancient Greeks were thinkers. They loved to talk. They honored their gods and respected honor. They loved beauty, music, literature, drama, philosophy, politics and art.
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civilization
************Daily Life:
Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
a culture that 1. builds cities 2. has achievements in art, literature, science, and technology***********************************
proud of city-state Loved to talk, think Loved beauty, music, literature, drama, philosophy, politics art
Honor- IMPORTANT Honored gods,
What is another word for city-state? polisMost city states were laid out according
to the same plan.
Most city-states- built around an acropolis, a large hill where city residents could seek shelter in times of war. *
acropolis agora
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
* *** *Markets**
*
templerefuge
City-state
************
Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Called polis built around an acropolis, a large hill Agora– meeting/market place
***********************************
Homer No one is exactly sure who Homer was. Theories abound, and some even think he never existed. Regardless, he is traditionally recognized as the original creator of two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
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TROJAN WAR
•Myths written by Homer
•Struggle between Greece and Troy
• probably a minstrel - a man who traveled constantly, singing songs and telling stories
•2 epic poems:•Illiad
•Odyssey (Odysseus)
•Trojan Horse-
• warriors hidden inside
•Trojans carried horse inside their city gates
• During the night the soldiers climbed out
and opened the gate to let the soldiers in
• Greeks could not defeat Troy because of the walls and fortifications•Built a giant horse and
offered it as a giftSURPRISE!!
Mythology- Homer’s Odyssey
oligarchy- . a type of government in which a small group of citizens control decision-making
A monarchy is a type of government with one ruler or king
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DEMOCRACY– A type of government in which citizens vote to make government decisions
government
************
Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
3 types: decisions made by…. 1. monarchy- one person 2. oligarchy- few rich citizens 3. democracy- citizens vote
***********************************
Birth of Democracy
ATHENS SPARTA
Draw this comparison map in your folder. Add circles as needed. Compare Athens & Sparta using pages 199-204/ 207-209 Boys (5)
educated P.E., art, history
Women- better treated/ own land
Spartan warriors
Two Greek Cities
and*
In 700 B. C. Sparta covered most of southernPeloponnesus.
Sparta had a agora which was a place in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and a s a meeting place.
Sparta unlike Athens was very concerned with its Military?!?!?!??!
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SPARTA
Sparta’s people dedicated most of their lives to making a strong polis or city-state.
Children were expected to to do their part alsoAt age 7 boys and girls began training!!!!!!
Boys spent some time learning to read a write but spent Most of their time training.
Girls practiced running and throwing spears.
Girls didn’t become soldiers but trained to strong mothers???!!!!*
Life in Athens was different than life in Sparta.
Girls did not practice sports, they were told to see little, hear little and ask no questions.
Girls stayed at home and helped their mothers.
Boys worked each day with their fathers in the fields or on pottery or stone-working shops.
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ATHENS
The Acropolis inAthens
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If parents could afford to they sent male children to schoolAfter school they would practice wrestling or boxing ata local gymnasium before returning home.
Government in Athens
All of Athens energy was not spent on building a strong armyIn early years Athens’ government was a monarchy
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Then, the government became an oligarchy
Most of Athens’ early leaders were members of Noble families that were rich and powerful
Poorer citizens demanded to have a part in the government!!!!
A democracy was formedDemocracy combines two Greek words meaning“ rule by the people “
The democracy allowed all the people to be involved!!!
Flow Map
Assembly took control
Citizensvoted
Democracy
400 B.C. Few Citizens Controlled
Poor citizens revolted
Common people
had some say
free men only
No women or slaves
Not Equal
All freeMen voted
Monarchy
Demanded rights
Oligarchy
Only few rich people
Rule by one person (king)
Athenian Leader
Made sure that poor as well as rich could take part in governmentCitizens served on assemblies &Jury– fairer trials *
government
************ Athen’s
government
Key word or idea Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
3 types: decisions made by…. 1. monarchy- one person 2. oligarchy- few rich citizens 3. democracy- citizens vote*********************************** 400 B.C. oligarchy (few rich ruled)
Poor citizens revoltedAssembly took controlDemocracy- all free men voted
Athens
P A R T H E N O N
Center of acropolis
High above the city of AthensReligious center of AthensShowed wealth and power:
Built to honor goddess Athena
Temple of marble
Business center
shopkeepers,
markets Government buildings City billboard
Crowds of people
students
lawyers
World’s first “mall”
clothing
vegetablesPerfume
haircutsPottery*
bowls
Ώ Most powerful city- stateΏ Was paid tribute by its alliesΏ education available for all
boysΏ important achievements in
the arts, philosophy , literature, and democracy
Ώ Pericles- °most powerful man in politics ° supported democracy ° paid salary to city officials ° poor people could hold public office ° had Parthenon built-
temple built to honor goddess Athena
Military based- Soldiers were leaders of
government Military might was most
important to government To make tough soldiers: Boys at 7 taken away
from their mothers °Put in school with older boys and not given food °Had to steal food to eat ° If caught stealing- beaten severely and publicly
ATHENS SPARTA
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Led his students in discussions about the right way to live
Mid 400s B. C .
Search for wisdom and the right way to liveDiscussed
best kind of government *
He is urging
our students
to REVOLT!!
Made t
o drin
k
hemloc
k (poi
son)
and di
e *
Plato
Student of Socrates
Wrote down teachings of Socrates
Became famous philosopher
philosophers Key word or idea
Notes- abbreviated (main idea) Search for wisdom and right way to live 1. Socrates *led discussions with students *discussed best kind of government * accused of urging students to revolt *arrested and put to death by poison 2. Plato *student of Socrates’ *wrote Socrates sayings down * became a famous philosopher *Teacher of Aristotle (who taught Alexander the Great)
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Sparta attacked Athens Pericles had
Athenians move inside walls
Sparta destroyed surrounding farmland
Athenians’ navy kept supplies to people
Deadlocked for many years
Began 431 B. C.
Athens won battles at sea Sparta won
battles on landDisease spread through the city
One-third of the city died including Pericles
404 Sparta cut off the Athenian grain supply
Atheniens were starving
Athenians surrendered
Many Greeks on both sides lost their lives
Sparta attacked Athens
Sparta cut off supplies
Disease spread through city
Athens surrendered
Peloponnesian War431 B.C.
Athenians took refuge in AcropolisAthenian’s navy kept them suppliedAthens won sea battles–
Sparta won land battles404 B. C.
Conquerors
For 50 years, no city-state could hold on to power
This civil war left Greece open to attack from a new power in the north
Weakened by constant wars
Most of Greece conquered by Macedonia (north) *
King
(20 years old)Well educated
Greatly influenced by Aristotle
Set out to
conquer Persia
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Never lost a battle!!!
334 B. C. Alexander set out to conquer
3 years-fought along eastern coast of Mediterranean
331- Alexander declared himself ruler
Continued on to conquer
Arrived !Around 328 B. C.
Fought battle– saw elephants for the first time!
Indus River Valley
Planned city of Alexandria in Egypt
Carried Greek civilization where he conquered
Built Alexandria similar to Greek polis
His love of learning spread knowledge all over the world
Pages 214-215
Had agora, theater, temples, stadium and gymnasium
Became a major hub of Mediterranean Trade
Lighthouse- one of the first in the world
One of the 7 wonders of the ancient world
After victory in India, became sick
Died in June 323 B. C.
One of the youngest emperors of all time
From the map on page 214, list countries & continents he conquered
Page 213
King of Macedonia by age 20
Well educated- Aristotle (Greek Philospher)
Never lost a battleConquered Persia (3 years)
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
Greek style pottery
Egyptians-Made paper
Legacy of learningmuseum
Scholars studied world & how it worked
library Had almost 300,000 books
Searched every ship for books
Kept all books until copy made
Legacy of learning
alphabet30 letters- made writing & reading easier
Math & science
Had math from Egypt
Geometry Arithmetic & mathematics
Colossus @ Rhodes
Statue of
Zeus
Pyramids @ Giza
Hanging
Gardens of
Babylon
Lighthouse
@ Alexandria
Temple of Artemis
Mausaleum @ Halicarnossus
Mount Olympus is a mountain in Northern GreeceIt is believe that many of the most powerful gods and goddess lived here
A chariot drags the sun across the sky!!! Someone with wings on his shoes and hat flies by you!!!
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Suddenly, you are transported. . . You find yourself in Ancient Greece! A lightening bolt strikes!!!
The seas rage!!!
A strange looking little boy flies past you with a bow and arrows with hearts on the tips!!!!
Next thing you know, you are standing next to someone who is half-man, half-horse and he is playing some type of flute!!!!!
WHO ARE THEY?!?!?
Ancient Greeks had to face many forces of nature. In their effort to understand the nature, they invented stories to account for the things that went on in their lives.
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These tales, known as myths, were spread around by travelers. They contained the powerful Olympian gods, sea gods, woodland gods, sky gods, underwater gods, half-gods, human heroes, courageous or romantic adventures, betrayals, battles, wanderings, and so on.
Greek mythology
woodland gods
powerful Olympian gods
sea gods
sky gods
Zeus, called the father of the gods.
Then he and his brothers Poseidon and Hades divided up creation. Poseidon received the sea as his domain, Hades got the Underworld and Zeus took the sky. Zeus also was accorded supreme authority on earth and on Mount Olympus.
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POSEIDON
was the god of the sea, earthquakes and horses. Although he was officially one of the supreme gods of Mount Olympus, he spent most of his time in his watery domain.
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God of the dead, ruler of the Underworld, which was accordingly known as Hades.
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Temple in Athens
Pillars in Athens
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Here are some of the gifts the ancient Greeks gave to the world:
Trial by Jury Greek Myths Democracy
Tragedy and Comedy Theatre
The Olympics
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Peloponnesian War Sparta attacked Athens