write research questions & recommendations in 3 steps v1

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Image courtesy of www.visum.co.uk

THREE STEPS TO WRITEV1

LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDELAST SLIDEFIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDEJUMPS PAGE

AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

OUTLINE QUESTION RECOMMEND

The Jumps Page1. Summary of Main Ideas• Action: Questions about the Required Action• Media: Questions about the Proposed Media• Time: Questions about the Timeframe• Other Elements: Additional Questions

2. What You Can Do• STEP 1: Outline the Ideas• STEP 2: Rephrase the Ideas into Questions• STEP 3: Recommendations

3. How to Outline4. Complete the Outline of Research Questions• Your research might fail:

Why Research Questions are Necessary


Main Ideas• ACTION: Can the target beneficiary implement the

proposed action? What intervening variables can prevent this? How can these intervening variables be anticipated and prevented? [Sample Questions]

• MEDIA: Can the poster be used by the target beneficiary to achieve the desired results? What intervening variables can prevent this? How can these intervening variables be anticipated and prevented? [Sample Questions]

• TIME FACTORS: Can the desired results be achieved within the recommended time frame? What intervening variables can prevent this? How can these intervening variables be anticipated and prevented? [Sample Questions]

SUMMARY


Causes of Research Failure

Research questions must focus on how the research can fail. A proposal must include ways to eliminate the possibilities of failure.

The results do not...

Unplanned effects...

Can damage the research...

Can change the results ...

Can alter the end results ...

Your most important task

Questions About the Required ActionDescribe the specific, measurable action that the

target beneficiary must do to meet the need or solve the problem.

• Can the target beneficiary implement the proposed action? • What intervening variables can prevent

this? • How can these intervening variables be

anticipated and prevented?SAMPLE QUESTIONS


Questions About the Proposed PosterDescribe the specific languages, number of images,

and number of steps (techniques, instructions, or information) in the poster.

• Can the target beneficiary use the poster to achieve the desired results?

• Can the desired results be achieved by following the X in the poster?

• What intervening variables can prevent this?• How can these intervening variables be

anticipated and prevented? SAMPLE QUESTIONS


Questions About the TimeframeDescribe the general (not specific) steps, the goal of

each step, who will do the action, and the time required to complete each step.• Can the target beneficiary use the poster within the

proposed timeframe? • Can the desired results be achieved within the

proposed timeframe by following the X in the poster? • What intervening variables can prevent this?• How can these intervening variables be anticipated

and prevented?SAMPLE QUESTIONS


Other Elements

• Imagine challenges, problems or intervening variables that can happen at each step of the proposal. Find a theory that can explain why such challenges can happen.

• Think of solutions to meet these challenges. Find a theory that can explain why such an idea might work.

• Include the questions in your Research Questions. Hyperlink each in-text citation to a source that details the theory.


What You Can Do

• Paraphrase the questions so that they become specific to your proposal.• List the questions in outline form.• Add questions as they occur to you.


1: OUTLINE

Image courtesy of (www.greenhousemovement.com)

HOW TO WRITE THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS


Summarize each idea, and then arrange the ideas in the order that is easiest for your readers to absorb.

Step 1: Outline the Ideas• Required Action

– Can the target beneficiary implement the proposed action? – What intervening variables can prevent this? – How can these intervening variables be prevented?

• Poster Design and Content– Can the poster be used by the target beneficiary to achieve the

desired results? – What intervening variables can prevent this? – How can these intervening variables be anticipated and prevented?

• Time Element– Can the desired results be achieved within the proposed time

frame? – What intervening variables can prevent this? – How can these intervening variables be anticipated and prevented?

SUMMARY


Summarize the Required Action

• Can the target beneficiary implement the proposed action? • What intervening variables can

prevent this? • How can these intervening variables

be prevented?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS


Summarize the Poster

• Can the poster be used by the target beneficiary to achieve the desired results? • What intervening variables can

prevent this? • How can these intervening variables

be anticipated and prevented?SAMPLE QUESTIONS


Summarize the Timeframe

• Can the desired results be achieved within the proposed time frame? • What intervening variables can

prevent this? • How can these intervening

variables be anticipated and prevented?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS


2: QUESTION




Rephrase each idea into a question. To minimize criticisms from others, be your own best critic.

Step 2: Rephrase the Ideas into Questions• Required Action– Can young nursing mothers in

Uganda decrease by 90% within six months the malaria infection rate in their children?

– Can X prevent this? Can X1 solve this challenge?

– Can Y prevent this? Can Y1 solve this challenge?

• Media Effectiveness– Can young nursing mothers in

Uganda understand and correctly follow the 10 steps on the poster?



• Time Element– Can nursing mothers who use

the poster decrease malaria infection among Uganda children by 90% within six months?



SUMMARY


Question Your Required ActionRequired Action• Can young nursing mothers in Uganda

decrease by 90% within six months the malaria infection rate in their children?

• Can X prevent this? Can X1 solve this challenge?

• Can Y prevent this? Can Y1 solve this challenge?


Question Your Medium’s Effectiveness

Media Effectiveness• Can young nursing mothers in

Uganda understand and correctly follow the 10 steps on the poster? • Can X prevent this? Can X2 solve

this challenge?• Can Y prevent this? Can Y2 solve this

challenge?LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDELAST SLIDEFIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDEJUMPS PAGE

Question Your TimeframeTime Element• Can nursing mothers who use the

poster decrease malaria infection among Uganda children by 90% within six months? • Can X prevent this? Can X3 solve this

challenge?• Can Y prevent this? Can Y3 solve this

challenge?LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDELAST SLIDEFIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDEJUMPS PAGE

Step 2: Rephrase Into Research Questions

Rephrase your outline of ideas into question form. Where possible, include citations to references that detail or support your ideas.

• Question the Required Action [Examples]• Question Media Effectiveness [Examples]• Question the Time Element [Examples]

ONE MORETIME


3: RECOMMEND




Questions that can be addressed after your proposed timeframe can be expressed as statements (not questions) in your Recommendations

Step 3: Recommendations for Future ResearchInclude factors or elements that can prevent or delay each research activity or goal. If

their solutions are beyond your research schedule, state them as recommendations for future research.

• Lack of Ability [Examples]– Cannot read some or all parts of the poster due to ...– Cannot understand some or all parts of the poster due to ...– Cannot adapt the ideas on the poster to local situations due to ...– Cannot translate ideas on the poster to local situations due to ...

• Lack of technology [Examples]– Cannot produce or create the poster due to ...– Cannot distribute the poster due to ...– Cannot display the poster for maximum community access due to ...

• Political or Cultural Factors [Examples]– Harvest, hunting, planting seasons– Elections– Religious festivals

• Intervening Variables [Examples]– Poster materials are incompatible with weather conditions– Accidents, deaths, births, burials– Posters are used for other purposes

SUMMARY


Question the AbilitiesIn your proposal, record any factors or elements that can be related to

lack of ability of the target beneficiaries to implement the required action. Whenever possible, include links to prove or support your ideas.


• The target beneficiaries may be unable to read some or all parts of the poster due to ... (Author, YEAR). For future research, it is recommended that...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to understand some or all parts of the poster due to ... (Author, YEAR). For future research, it is recommended that...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to adapt the ideas from the poster to local situations due to ... (Author, YEAR). For future research, it is recommended that...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to translate ideas from the poster to local situations due to ... (Author, YEAR). For future research, it is recommended that...

Recommendations

Lack of TechnologyIn your proposal, record any factors or elements that can be related to

lack of technology among the target beneficiaries to implement the required action. Whenever possible, include links to prove or support your ideas.


• The target beneficiaries may be unable to produce or create the poster due to ... (Author, YEAR). It is recommended that future research analyze ...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to distribute the poster due to ... (Author, YEAR). It is recommended that future research focus on ...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to display the poster for maximum community access due to ... (Author, YEAR). It is recommended that future research examine ...

Recommendations

Political or Cultural FactorsIn your proposal, record any factors or elements that can be related to

political or cultural among the target beneficiaries to implement the required action. Whenever possible, include links to prove or support your ideas.


• The target beneficiaries may be unable to xxx due to necessary harvest, planting, hunting, fishing cycles or seasons, etc. ... (Author, YEAR). Future research can examine ...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to xxx due to necessary election periods, gatherings, work, etc. ... (Author, YEAR). Future research might expand ...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to xxx due to necessary religious festivals, etc.... (Author, YEAR). Future research can include ...

Recommendations

Other Intervening VariablesIn your proposal, record any factors or elements that can be

related to other intervening variables in the target milieu. Whenever possible, include links to prove or support your ideas.


• The target beneficiaries may be unable to xxx due to poster materials that are incompatible with local technology, conditions, weather, etc. ... (Author, YEAR). Future research can include ...

• The target beneficiaries may be unable to xxx due to sudden emergencies, accidents, births, deaths etc. that may (can/usually happen) occur during the project implementation period... (Author, YEAR). Future research might include ...

Recommendations

Step 3: Recommendations for Future Research

Include factors or elements that can prevent or delay each research activity or goal. If their solutions are beyond your research schedule, state them as recommendations for future research. • Lack of Ability [Examples]• Lack of Technology [Examples]• Political or Cultural Factors [Examples]• Other Intervening Variables [Examples]

ONE MORETIME


How to Outline

• Cognitive Skills & Cluster Outlines - How To Outline a Paper, Essay or Proposal

• Cognitive Skills & Cluster Outlines - How To Outline A Paper, Essay, or Proposal

• http://www.slideshare.net/JaimeCabrera3/pre-writing-how-to-write-a-cluster-outline-from-problem-statement-to-research-paper

REFERENCE


http://www.slideshare.net/JaimeCabrera3/pre-writing-how-to-write-a-cluster-outline-from-problem-statement-to-research-paper

http://www.slideshare.net/JaimeCabrera3/pre-writing-how-to-write-a-cluster-outline-from-problem-statement-to-research-paper

FIVE THINGS

Image courtesy of (asonofgod.com

HOW TO COMPLETE THE OUTLINE OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

THAT YOU CAN DO


5 Things You Can Do1. Know the parts of a research proposal. Copy and

adapt the headings into your outline.2. Copy the headings from the Project Poster and

arrange this into your outline.3. Add sources as citations and references as you

find them. Use the APA format.4. Hyperlink citations to the reference (not to the

online source.)5. In the reference list, use the short website address

(usually ending in com, gov, or edu). This should be hyperlinked to the article, not the homepage.

SUMMARY


Adapt or Modify, Cite and Reference • Know the parts of a research proposal. Copy and adapt

the headings into your outline.SEARCH KEYWORDS

GOLDEN RULE OF RESEARCH WRITING


Parts of a Research ProposalCopy the headings from the Project Poster and arrange this into your outline.

Add missing section: Original Input

FIND IT HERE


THANK YOUEND OF PRESENTATIONSend questions and suggestions to [email protected]

LAST VIEWED END SHOWLAST SLIDEFIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDEJUMPS PAGE

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Image courtesy of www.visum.co.uk

THREE STEPS TO WRITEV1


AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

write research questions & recommendations in 3 steps v1

Education