writing an essay & pattern of essay
DESCRIPTION
This is presentation which tell how we make a good essayTRANSCRIPT
Rina Utami 201012501025Nursanti Setiorini 201012500913Nurhasanah 201012500908Muhammad Fajarudin 201012500842Nurhadini Astuti 201012500015Nur Eviyanti 201012500573Yuli Iriyanti 201012500695Muhammad Zamroni 201012500890
GROUP 7Lecturer
Risa Mufliharsi, S.Pd.,M.Pd.Lecture
WRITING 3
THE ESSAY
An essay is a piece of writing several paragraphs long instead of just one or two paragraphs.
Therefore, you must devide the topic into several paragraphs, one for each major point.
Writing An Essay
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
BODY
CONCLUSION
General StatementThesis Statement
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Restatement or summary of the main points; Final Comment
An Essay has three main parts
Four purpose :
1.It Introduces the topic of the essay.2. It gives a general background of the topic.3. It often indicates the overall “plan” of the essay.4. It should arouse the reader’s interest in the topic.
General Statements Thesis Statements
The Introductory Paragraph
- Introduce the topic of the essay- Give the background information on
the topic
- States the main topic- Often list the subdivisions of the topic or
subtopic- May indicate the method of organization of
the entire paper- Is usually the last sentence in the
introductory paragraph
“Metropolitan City is full of charm and scenic beauty, so visitors from around the world come to enjoy its famous theaters, museums, countless ethnic restaurants, and scenic wonders. Although Metropolitan City seems like a paradise, it isn’t. The city has several serious problems: poor public transportation, congested streets, and expensive housing” (Hogue, A. & Oshima, A., 1991, p. 92).
General Statement
Thesis Statement
Example introductory paragraph
the final paragraph in an essay, which tells the reader that you have completed an essay
The concluding paragraph consist of
The Concluding Paragraph
1. A summary of the main points, or a restatement of your thesis in different words
2. Your Final comment on the subject, based on the information you have provide
“In conclusion, Metropolitan City must improve its public transit system, clear up the massive traffic jams caused by slow-moving traffic in the downtown areas, and keep rentals down to affordable levels. In other words, Metropolitan City must improve its image, or it will soon become just another mediocre city due to the lack of administrative responsibility to solve these unfortunate problems”
(Hogue, A. & Oshima, A., 1991, p. 79).
Example concluding paragraph
Summary of main ideas
Prediction
OUTLINE
Subtopic that form the body of the essay are indented to the right.You move to the right, the ideas become more and more specific.
The best way to organize your thoughts and to plan the body of your essay before you begin
to write
The Essay Body : Outlining
Example the body outlining
Show relationship between your first paragraph and second paragraph and so on.
Transition Signals
Transition Signals Between Paragraph
A single wordA phraseA clause
Example transition signal
The Writing Process
Writing and Revising An Essay
The writer's changes to the first draft
You brainstorm for ideas, make an outline and write several drafts until you have produced a final copy that you can be proud of
After writing the first draft :The writer edits it for organization and content.Delete several unnecessary sentences and words.The writer divides the long paragraphs into two paragraphs.Adds an example and adds more details of the essay.In the concluding paragraph, writer makes a note to himself to adds a final comment. Write the introductory paragraph.
The writer's changes to the second drafts
Writer corrects punctuation, capitalization, spelling and other errors in mechanics as well as changing some vocabulary words.
Writer corrects the grammar and improves the sentence structure If the writer is completely satisfied with the second drafts, he is
ready to make the final copy.
Patterns of Essay Organization
Four Common patterns of essay organization in English are :
Chronological order
Logical division of ideas
Cause and effect order
Comparison and contrast order
Chronological Order
One of its primary uses is to explain processes such as how to play a game.Chronological order signal words:
Is order by time Is the order in which
the events occurred, from first to last
Chronological order
first third Next thenFinally eventually following this
Is a form of essay organization that is used to group related items according to some quality they have in common.Logical Division of Ideas signal words :
Logical Division of Ideas
Help to devide a broad subject into several
categories or groups and in that way focus the topic for discussion
Central principalChief majorMain keyPrimary significant…finallyLastly finishing withleast... Ending with
Discuss the reasons or cause for something, and then you discuss the resultCause and effect signal words:
Cause and Effect Order
2 main ways to organize a cause and effect essay :Block Organization1.Discuss all of the cause as a block2.Then discuss all effects together as a block#There is often a short paragraph that separates the “cause” part from the “effects” part. This called a transition paragraph
Chain Organization1.Discuss a first cause and its effect, a second cause an its effect and so on.2.Discussion of each new cause and its effect begin with a new paragraph3.All the paragraphs are linked in a “chain”#Usually, each new cause is the result of the preceding effect
Because for this reasondue to on account ofif this then this…as a resultSince consequentlycause Therefore thusin effect resultingand the outcome is...
The material is organized to emphasize the similarities and/or differences between two or more items or topics
Comparison and contrast signal words:
Comparison and Contrast Order
Comparison means:what things have in commonhow items or concepts are a likethe similarities between elements or ideas
Contrast means:the differences between items or conceptshow things are not alikedistinctions between elements
Similarly, like, the same as, compared to, in the same way, likewise…but, yet, on the other hand, however, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary...
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