Writing

Review Paper

NORLIANA MOHD ABBAS, PhD

Friday, 8 Dec 2017 Alamanda Hall, FKM

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Knowledge Sharing Session

Overview

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1.My profile & why I write the Review Paper

2.What is a Review Paper?

3.The writing journey

4.How to “WIN”?

5.Conclusion

Profile

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NORLIANA BINTI MOHD ABBAS Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

PhD Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Masanori Kunieda

Dec 2015

Research area: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)

MSc Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Darius Solomon

Nov 2016

Doctor of Philosophy in Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Bachelor of Engineering with Honours (Mechanical), Universiti Teknologi MARA Diploma in Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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A machining process where the material is removed by series of electrical discharges between tool and workpiece in the presence of dielectric fluid.

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)

Tool electrode

Workpiece

Bubbles and debris Dielectric

liquid

EDM Process

Plastic injection mould for mobile phone Micro holes for turbine blade machined using micro EDM

+

-

The Beginning

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How it started? Received Tenaga Pengajar Muda (TPM) scholarship for masters’ degree in Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Met Dr. Darius to get some advice and finally became my supervisor.

Why we write the review paper? To utilized the information we have gathered. Both of us (my supervisor & me) were new in the area. I read a lot to know about the research-scenario.

What is a Review Paper?

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An overview of a specific subject by revising previously published studies.

Does not discuss/report about any new data.

Review articles can be: 1. A narrative review explains the existing knowledge on a topic

based on all the published research available on the topic.

2. A systematic review searches for the answer to a particular question in the existing scientific literature on a topic.

3. A meta-analysis compares and combines the findings of previously published studies, usually to assess the effectiveness of an intervention.

Meta-analysis: quantitative statistical analysis that is applied to separate but similar experiments of different and usually independent researchers and that involves pooling the data and using the pooled data to test the effectiveness of the results

What is a Review Paper? cont.

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Review articles reveal about: a) recent advances and discoveries

b) significant gaps in the area

c) current debates

d) ideas on the direction of the research area

e) main people working in a field

What is a Review Paper? cont.

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Total citations (on Friday, 8 Dec 2017): 539

How I did? / Where to start?

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Draft the outline

Select the area of interest

Read, read and read

Look for review paper within the same area

Writing the manuscript

Submission

Comments from reviewer, Corrections & Resubmission

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Select the area of interest

Select the area of interest

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1. What is the difference?

Title

Topic

Area KFC

Burger

Zinger

Example: Fast-food industry

Chicken Drinks Desserts

Colonel

McD Burger King

Select the area of interest

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1energy saving/green energy, halal, micro machining, internet of things (IoT) in education, etc. 2Area projected by the faculty/supervisor depending on needs.

Self interest

Future research

area (for PhD?)

Directive2

Topic studied during

masters’ degree

Interesting or

Current issue1

2. How to select?

Select the area of interest

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3. Why it is so important?

You will have to

Write a “story” about it

Understand and

synthesize the

information

Read: tens to

hundreds of manuscript

days and nights

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Look for review paper within the same area

Review paper within the same area

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1. Example of review paper titles: a) A Review of …

b) Recent Advances on …

c) State of the art …

d) Recent Development …

e) A Perspective on …

f) Critical issue about …

g) … : A Review

Review paper within the same area

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My main references

Review paper within the same area

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2. Purpose?

To identify the topic to be

selected

To get the idea how the

information is presented

You may want to i) Improve the published

review paper (X) ii) Write about other

different topic (√)

Reason? Direction, uniqueness, etc.

To give you rough idea on what is written in review paper & how people did it

Within the same area

Review paper within the same area

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3. Why?

WHAT was done HOW they did it

a) Writing style b) Presentation of the

content c) etc.

a) Topic b) Content c) etc.

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Read, read and read

Read, read and read

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1. Source of information

Primary source

Original research results in journals, dissertations, conference proceedings, correspondence

Review articles, meta-analysis, practice guidelines, monographs on a specific subject

Textbooks, encyclopedia, handbooks, newspapers

Secondary source

Tertiary source

Read, read and read

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2. Reference resources

Scopus

Research gate

Hard copy (Library)

Google scholar

Online database

Many more!!

Read, read and read

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3. How to read & what to capture?

No. Title Author Topic Keywords Method Parameter Results Conclusion

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Active reading 1. Develop a table with several columns* 2. Fill in the information

* Number and item for columns depends on your needs

Read, read and read

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4. Reading example

No. Title Author Topic Key

words

Method Parameter Resul

ts Conclu

sion

1. Normal EDM Tool mat.: copper W/piece mat.: copper

2. Dry EDM Tool mat.: copper W/piece mat.: stainless steel

3. Micro EDM: High speed

rotation

Tool mat.: copper tungsten W/piece mat.: titanium

4. Micro EDM: Non-contact

Tool mat.: copper tungsten, tungsten W/piece mat.: titanium

5. Normal EDM

Tool mat.: tungsten carbide W/piece mat.: titanium

Read, read and read

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5. Overview of the gathered info Translate the obtained info into mind map

Parameter Tool

Workpiece

Copper: 1, 2 Copper tungsten: 3,4 Tungsten: 4

Tungsten carbide: 5

Stainless steel: 2,

Material

Titanium: 3,4,5 Copper: 1

EDM

Topic Normal EDM: 1,5 Micro EDM

High speed rotation: 3 Dry EDM: 2 Non-contact: 4

Read, read and read

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6. How many paper to read/review?

Did the mind map without having the table

- Always have to refer to the manuscript

- Difficult to work when you do not have the “summary”

7. My mistake

- Subjective depending on the strength of your “story” I read around 300 but cited only 109 references

Read, read and read

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8. Important reminder a) You will be dealing with large amount of

references

b) You might need a Reference Management Tool/software or good record keeping/filing e.g. Zotero, Mendeley, Endnote etc.

c) Purpose: i) To organize references and full-text manuscript ii) To handle citation during writing

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Draft the outline

Draft the outline

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1. Before outlining the content

Where to submit? i) Check the “aims & scope” of potential journal

ii) Your content should be aligned with the objective

of the journal - to reduce rejection rate iii) Read & check carefully the submission

requirement - some journal only allows “invited review paper” iv) Look for the highest impact factor possible.

Draft the outline

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2. Draft of manuscript

What you want to highlight?

What is the direction of your manuscript - your aims

Difference between your manuscript and the published work - your strength

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Writing the manuscript

Writing the manuscript

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1. What to consider

- avoid repetition - use short and simple sentences - Easy to understand : some people said “bombastic” words are

better but not my supervisor

a) Concise and sufficiently minimum

- arrange the “story” appropriately

b) Logic

- creative & attractive

c) Presentation: Image /Graf /Table / Figure

Writing the manuscript

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2. Example of figures (from my review paper)

Progress of method in combining ultrasonic vibration with EDM from 1995-2006

Research studies conducted in dry EDM

Writing the manuscript

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Theoretical models available in literature for simulating the input and output

parameter

2. Example of figures (from my review paper)

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Submission

Submission

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1. Things to consider a) Follow the format carefully

- to reduce rejection rate

b) Read the manuscript carefully and thoroughly

- check the language, spelling, continuity of the content etc.

- you may need somebody else to comment

c) Cover letter to journal editor - some journal require cover letter

To reduce mistakes as minimum

possible

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Comments from reviewer, Corrections & Resubmission

Comments from reviewer,

Corrections & Resubmission

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After submitting the manuscript, you have to wait between 1-4 months to get the comments from reviewer. How the process is done (roughly): 1. After submission, the Editor will check the

relevancy of your manuscript with the aims of the journal.

2. IF rejected, you will be notify within 2-4 weeks. 3. IF accepted, editor will appoint 2-3 reviewers. 4. Reviewing process will proceed 5. “Result” released to corresponding author

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2. My experience

Comments from reviewer,

Corrections & Resubmission

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2. My experience cont.

voluntarily unknown

1 2 3

Comments from reviewer,

Corrections & Resubmission

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2. My experience cont.

Comments from reviewer,

Corrections & Resubmission

Regional editor suggested us to reconsider the content and resubmit the manuscript

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3. What happened?

Plan to submit to other journal

Me My SV

“Down” for 2 weeks

Stress So positive

Read the comments very carefully

Plan on corrective action

Comments from reviewer,

Corrections & Resubmission

Redo all over again according to the comments

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4. My experience: Timeline

Comments from reviewer,

Corrections & Resubmission

Do the reading and submit the manuscript to regional editor

Jul – Nov 2005

Mac 2006

Received comments from reviewer

Resubmit the corrections to regional editor

May 2006

Aug 2006

Accepted

How to “WIN”?

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1. Very subjective a) Editor – check on the needs (general) b) Reviewer (expert of the area) - check on the needs (specifically) - benefits to readers - content & maturity of the manuscript - direction of the research area

2. What is your “WOW” factor

How can you do?

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1. Get a group - cooperative - reliable - functional 2. Draft your timeline - meeting - discuss - deadline 3. Support each other

Conclusions

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1. Writing a review paper is interesting - get to know many things BUT stay focus - time consuming: need passion & perseverance 2. Ability to - see the needs of the area (usually mastered by

experienced researcher) - present the information “creative & attractive” 3. YOU CAN DO IT!!

References

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https://www.concordia.ca/library/guides/exercise-science/review-vs-research.html https://www.editage.com/insights/what-is-the-difference-between-a-research-paper-and-a-review-paper https://www.lib.utexas.edu/lsl/help/modules/review.html http://research.library.gsu.edu/c.php?g=115595&p=1940435

Thank You

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T1-A11-6C Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Complex Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor MALAYSIA Tel: 03-5543 6147 Email: norliana@salam.uitm.edu.my lianabbas@gmail.com