writing technical report_2010.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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Prof.MadyaDrNurinaAnuarabatan
Ke uruteraan
Kimia
&
Proses
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WhatisaTechnicalReport
A
structured
presentation
of
data
@
information
gatheredfrom
Experiment
Investigation
Usuallypreparedforaselectedgroupofaudience
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Conceptuallydivide into3majorpart:
Problemtobeinvestigated
Methods
of
investigation
Resultsofinvestigation
Thistype
of
report
usually
follow
abasic
framework
orsc ema
Introduction
ResultsandConclusion
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Scientific method of Technical report shema
Recognition of problems, Introduction
hypotheses & objectives
Method
process of experimentResults
Contents
Data analysis
Conclusion
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resent ng
n ormat onus ng
report
ormat
S stematicandor anised mannertofacilitate our
reader
Toreportselectively
:relevant
to
the
purpose
of
report
:s ou reporton y n ormat ont at sessent a:relevanttothereadersneed
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Presenting
information
using
report
format Topresenteffectively
: structuredreportthatyourreaderisabletolocate,
supportingdetails
in
the
shortest
possible
time
: canbeachievedbymakinguseof Headingsandsubheadings
Numberingandbullets
Referencesin arantheses,
Eg.Therearethreestagesinthisprocess(seeFigure2) Emphaticdevices, (e.g.italising,underlining)
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Presentin
informationusin
re ort
format
Toreportobjectively
: re ort resentationisbasedonfactsthewriterhas
established
after
an
investigation
and/or
experimentation.
: Readerswillmakedecisionbasedonthisfactsand
takeaction
xact w t out stort onorexaggerat on
Objective measurablebysomeobjectivestandard
Reliable methodofcollectinginformationmustbe
accounte
or.
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1. Prefatory
Gives
preview
of
its
content Usuallycomprisesoffollowingelements
Title(cover)page
Abstract c now e gements opt ona
Tableofcontents
Listoffigures
Listof
tables
Listofabbreviationandsymbols
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Title(coverpage)Firstim ression oumakeonthe
readersTitleofre ort:shouldbeinformative
&precise
Authorsname
NameofDept/organisation
N m f r Pr r mm
Dateofsubmission
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Abstract
Acondense
version
of
the
reports
S ortoverviewo t escienti ic
investigationpresented
in
the
report
Shouldbewrittenincomprehensive&concisemanner
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Tableof
Contents
: Tellsthereaderswhatthereportcontains&wheretofindtheinformationneededbynumbering
the
page Headingandsubheadings
xamp e
1 FIRSTLEVELHEADING
.
1.2 Secondlevelheading
1.2.1Thirdlevelheadin
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ComponentsofaFormalTechnicalReport
2. a n:a ou eresearc s u yun er a en Comprises
of
Introduction
Literaturereview(theory)
Methods
(experimental
procedure/mtd.
Of
calculation testin andevaluation
Results(andDiscussion)
Conclusion
Supplementaryelements
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omponentso
a
orma
ec .
eport3. Supplementary:madeof3elements
e erences ograp y op ona
Listscontains
source
of
data/information
from
which
thewritertakesoriginalideasandquotesdirectly
Appendices
Contains
related
data
not
necessary
to
the
immediate
eg: illustration(tables,graphs)
descriptionofequipment
sampleforms,
questionnaires,
data
sheet
etc.
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References/Bibliography
Thereare
many
styles
can
be
used
InUKM,weneedtorefer/usedGAYAUKMGeneralguidelines
Authorsname
in
full
Yearofpublication
Titleofthebook/journal/article/magazines
u s ers p aceo
pu ca on Volumenumber/pages(esp.forjournalarticle)
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Itsamediumforpresentation&conveysthe
attitudeofthewriter
Needsskill
(arranging
materials
&
writing)
Useofim ersonalsentenceconstruction(avoidusingI,we,us)
Ideas
are
expressed
with
athird
person
subject
eg.
Change: IfoundtheangleofincidenceofwindvariesinTestS.
To: ThefindingsindicatethattheangleofincidenceofwindvariesinTestS
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References, . ., , ., , . ., ,
M.K.
2003.
Engineering
your
report
from
start
tofinish.Sin a ore:PrenticeHall.
A t l
th r
LakshmyAnanthaKrishnan,RowenaJong,Su ataS.Kath alia TamMohKim. 200 .
Engineeringyour
report
from
start
to
finish.
Singapore:PrenticeHall.