ws research 2011
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Research Methods and Tools
@Heterick Memorial Library
Traci Welch Moritz
Public Services Librarian/Assistant Professor
Remember to consult research guide
2
Annotated Bibliography
Allows you to see what is out there
Helps you narrow your topic and discard any irrelevant materials
Aids in developing the thesis Makes you a better scholar
Let’s Get Started
Research ethicsWriting wellDefining research topicTools for researchAvailability of information
Research Ethics
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
Research Ethics
Copyright - intended to promote the arts and the sciences. It does this by providing authors of original literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works the ability to control how their work is used by others.
Research Ethics
Plagiarism - “...the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one’s own, the ideas or the expression of the ideas (literary, artistic, musical, mechanical, etc.) of an other.” – see Heterick Help Page and Student Code of Conduct
Research Ethics
In other words, to plagiarize is to copy someone else’s work without giving him/her credit.
Plagiarism is not always intentional. You can do it by accident, but it is still against the law. If you ever have a question about whether something is plagiarized, please ask!
1
1. How not to plagiarize your report -- Shannon Hosier Mersand
Research Ethics
Identify any information that would not be considered common knowledge
Unless in direct quotes, make sure you paraphrase what the original author said
Use a quote if you can’t think of a way to paraphrase the information
always, Always, ALWAYS cite the source of any information in your paper which is not considered common knowledge. If you are unsure if something is common knowledge, cite it!
2 How not to plagiarize your report -- Shannon Hosier Mersand
How may I avoid plagiarizing?2
RefWorks
REFWORKS
Research Ethics
Things that are found in a number of places, and are likely to be known by a large number of people.
Examples:
The sky is blue
Grass is usually green
George Washington was the 1st president of the United States
11
So what is common knowledge
3 How not to plagiarize your report -- Shannon Hosier Mersand
3
Research Ethics
Main Entry: 1para·phrase 1 : a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form
From Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary http://www.m-w.com
12
What does paraphrase mean?
Research Ethics
When you paraphrase something, it is different than putting it in your own words. When you put something in your own words, you are making a statement about the information you have found, rather than just restating the information. Usually there is an opinion of some sort in something “In your own words”
What does it mean to put something in my own words?
4 How not to plagiarize your report -- Shannon Hosier Mersand
4
Research Ethics
Main Entry: 1quote 1 a : to speak or write (a passage) from another usually with credit acknowledgment b : to repeat a passage from, especially in substantiation or illustration
From Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary http://www.m-w.com
What is a quote?
How to do RESEARCH
How to do research
Talk to your instructors; they are here to help you!
Visit the librarians; we are here to help you!
STEP 1: IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP YOUR TOPIC
STEP 2: FIND BACKGROUND INFORMATION
STEP 3:USE DATABASES TO FIND PERIODICAL ARTICLES
*STEP 4: FIND INTERNET RESOURCES
STEP 5: EVALUATE WHAT YOU FIND
STEP 6: PULLING IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 7: CITE WHAT YOU FIND
Seven Steps of the Research ProcessAmended with permission by the Librarians at the Olin and Uris Libraries of Cornell University
How to do research
Research Strategy
19
STEP 1: IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP YOUR TOPIC• State your topic as a question
• Identify main concepts or keywords • Test the topic -- Look for keywords and
synonyms and related terms for the information sought
Subject headings in catalogsBuilt-in thesauri in many databases
Reference sources Textbooks, lecture notes, readings Internet Librarians, Instructors
How to do research
20
• STEP 2: FIND BACKGROUND INFORMATION
How to do research
Research Tools - Catalogs
Deal with material in many formats
• Highly structured information environment
Way individual records are arrangedSubject headingsCatalog software optimized for above
• Implies a learning curve to use successfully
Emphasis on precision
• Preparation relatively labor-intensive
• Implies heavy human involvement
Is the gateway to it all!!!
It’s always best to begin at Heterick and then work your way through the options.
POLAR search screen
• Materials at Heterick and Law Library• Basically all materials except periodical articles
• Books• AV’s
• Govt. documents• Maps
• Music ScoresCa. 400,000 items
Research Tools - POLAR
Internet Tools
Google and Wikipedia aren’t evil, just use them for the correct purpose in your research.
Research Tools – Catalogs - OhioLink
Materials owned by all Ohio colleges, universities, several public libraries
Ca. 10 million items
Link from POLAR permits you to submit requests. Available from Heterick home page
Most requests arrive in 3-5 working days
No charge
Limited to 100 items at a time
May keep up to 84 days
• STEP 3: USE DATABASES TO FIND PERIODICAL ARTICLES
How to do research
Research Tools - DatabasesHighly structured
Way individual records are arranged
Subject headings
Content often limited by discipline
Material often limited to one format
Implies heavy human involvement
Preparation relatively labor-intensive
Emphasis on precision and currency
Fairly straight-forward to use
Research Tools - Databases
Often tools for locating journal and newspaper articles
Most are subject-specific – some multi-disciplinary
Many give access to full text of articles
Heterick has 212 (currently)
27
Research Tools - DatabasesBIG THREE
Academic Search Premier
Lexis-Nexis
Opposing Viewpoints
Search by Subject/Discipline
• STEP 5: EVALUATE WHAT YOU FIND
How to interpret the basics
1. Accuracy of Web Documents
2. Authority of Web Documents
3. Objectivity of Web Documents
4. Currency of Web Documents
5. Coverage of the Web Documents
7
How to do research
7 Kapoun, Jim. "Teaching undergrads WEB evaluation: A guide for library instruction." C&RL News (July/August 1998): 522-523.
Created Annotated Bibliography
30
• STEP 6: Pulling it all together
Accuracy. If your page lists the author and institution that published the page and provides a way of contacting him/her and . . . Authority. If your page lists the author credentials and its domain is preferred (.edu, .gov, .org, or .net), and, . . Objectivity. If your page provides accurate information with limited advertising and it is objective in presenting the information, and . . .
How to do research
• STEP 6: Pulling it all together
Currency. If your page is current and updated regularly (as stated on the page) and the links (if any) are also up-to-date, and . . . Coverage. If you can view the information properly--not limited to fees, browser technology, or software requirement, then . . . You may have a Web page that could be of value to your research!
How to do research
There are four citation styles that are in frequent used at ONU. They are:
• MLA (Modern Language Association)• APA (American Psychological Association)• CMS (Chicago Manual of Style)• Turabian (Kate Turabian's A Manual for
Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed., 1996 )
• STEP 7: Cite what you find using standard formats
How to do research
Research Ethics
A citation is how you indicate where your information came from.
Each style has a way to do in-text citations, a way to do a bibliography, and a way to do footnotes and endnotes.
Always confirm with each instructor the style required.
You need to learn how to do citations, etc., but there is a citation software management tool available to all ONU students, faculty and staff…
34
What is a citation?
Research Ethics
Whenever you use information that is not common knowledge
Whenever you use information that you did not know before doing the research
Whenever you quote another person’s ideas or word, whether they are written or spoken
Whenever you paraphrase another person’s written or spoken words or ideas
35
When should I cite my sources?
8 How not to plagiarize your report -- Shannon Hosier Mersand
8
36
Come see us!!!
on duty Mon - Fri 8am – 4:30pm,
6pm - 9pm
Sundays 10am - 3:30pm
Librarians
IM
Chat Reference