الرحمن الله الرحمن بسم الله بسمالرحيمالرحيم

Energy from WasteEnergy from Waste

By Eng. :By Eng. :ALI F.ALIALI F.ALI

It is generating energy from wasteIt is generating energy from waste

What is “waste-to-energy?” What is “waste-to-energy?”

Energy from Waste can make an important contribution towards sustainable development as a source of renewable energy:

•Municipal Solid Wastes contain biomass and can be used as a fuel

•use waste to generate electricity, heat or both

•The heat recovered from waste incineration can be used to generate electricity, or for industrial heat applications

Economy

Environment

If so,why we do not use Renewable energ on very large scale?

Actual Economy/Environment Choices

Less Cost / widget More

Les

s

Pol

luti

on/w

idge

t M

ore

Cost Up

Pollution Up

No Interest

Cost down

Pollution up

Disrupts environment

Cost up

Pollution down

Disrupts Economy

Cost Down

Pollution Down

Win-Win

JUST BURN IT

!

•can burn garbage in special plants and use its heat energy to make steam to heat buildings or to generate electricity. •This may sound amazing, but it is really nothing new. More than half of electric power companies already burn another type of solid material to make electricity. That material is coal

•Coal is a mineral that was formed from the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. •Power companies use the heat energy in coal to make electricity.

GARBAGE energy

                                                   

                           

WHY BURN GARBAGE?

•Waste-to-energy plants generate enough electricity to supply 2.4 million households

•providing electricity is not the major advantage of waste-to-energy plants.

• In fact, it costs more to generate electricity at a waste-to-nergy plant than it does at a coal, nuclear, or hydropower plant

•The major advantage of burning waste is that it reduces the amount of garbage we bury in landfills.

•Burning waste substantially reduces the amount of trash going to landfills. Waste-to-energy plants dispose of the waste of 40 million people.

•reducing the use of fossil fuels by producing renewable energy for the National Grid

Why is reducing the amount of waste buried in landfills ?

•Burning garbage releases the chemicals and substances found in the waste

•Some chemicals can be dangerous to people, the environment

•cutting emissions of greenhouse gasses

•waste-to-energy plants produce air pollution

TheThe ProblemProblem

•Pollution of land, water and air•emission of dioxin•Non-availability of land for landfills•Increasing cost of transportation

•Bulky•Disagreeable (visual, mell,…)•Health risks (epidemic)

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

work very much like coal-fired power plants. The difference is the fuel. Waste-to-energy plants use garbage—not coal—to fire an industrial boiler. The same steps are used to make electricity in a waste-to-energy plant as in a coal-fired power plant:

1. The fuel is burned, releasing heat.2. The heat turns water into steam.3. The high-pressure steam turns the blades of a turbine generator to produce electricity.4. A utility company sends the electricity along power lines to homes, schools, and businesses. 

                                              

can think of garbage as a mixture of energy-rich fuels In 100 pounds of typical garbage, more than 80 pounds

can be burned as fuel to generate electricity at a power plant. Those fuels include paper, plastics, and yard waste A ton of garbage generates about 525 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity

energy to heat a typical office building for one day.

TRASH BURNED IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

                                                                                                                      

                     

          

ENERGY FROM WASTE

Potential of power generation

Urban and Municipal Wastes : 1000 MW

Industrial Wastes : 700 MW(Dairy, Distillery, Press Mud, Tannery, Pulp & Paper and Food Processing Industries)

TOTAL : 1700 MW

Number of Plants and Capacity

Number of plants

0

20

40

60

80

100

120A

ustr

ia *

Bel

gium

*

Den

mar

k

Fra

nce

Ger

man

y

Gre

at B

ritai

n*

Hun

gary

Ital

y*

Net

herla

nd

Nor

way

*

Por

tuga

l

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Sw

itzer

land

Energy production

Energy production 1999

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

45 000A

ustr

ia *

Belg

ium

*

Denm

ark

Fra

nce

Germ

any

Gre

at B

rita

in*

Hungary

Italy

*

Neth

erland

Norw

ay*

Port

ugal

Spain

Sw

eden

Sw

itzerland

TJ

Heat Electricity

FUEL

FUELWASTE

ELECTRICITY 33%

67%

ELECTRICITY

STEAM

WASTE

30%

45%25%

What is Combined Heat and Power?

Combined Heat and Power

End User Site

Fuel

100 units

Pollution

Waste Heat

Recovery

CHP Plant

=66 units Useful Work 33 units

Electricity

33 units Thermal Energy

33 units Waste Energy

End User Site

Finished Goods

Waste Energy

Industrial Energy Options

Energy Recycling

Plant

ElectricitySteam

Hot Water

SavedEnergy Input

Electricity

Process Fuel

The Eco Cycle Society

Waste amount treated

Waste quantity 1999

0

2 000 000

4 000 000

6 000 000

8 000 000

10 000 000

12 000 000

14 000 000

Aus

tria

*

Bel

gium

*

Den

mar

k

Fra

nce

Ger

man

y

Gre

at B

ritai

n*

Hun

gary

Italy

*

Net

herla

nd

Nor

way

*

Por

tuga

l

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Sw

itzer

land

ton

nes

Amounts of Waste Incinerated

Waste quantity per capita 1999

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Aus

tria

*

Bel

gium

*

Den

mar

k

Fra

nce

Ger

man

y

Gre

at B

ritai

n*

Hun

gary

Italy

*

Net

herla

nd

Nor

way

*

Por

tuga

l

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Sw

itzer

land

kg/c

apit

a

emissions from waste

cumulative dioxin emissions from WTE plants in 2000 each point represents the emissions of a single plant, in grams                                           

      

The distribution of dioxin sources in the US in recent years, showing how waste-to-energy ceased to be

a major contributor of dioxin emissions

                                                              

Health effects associated with dioxin exposure

Chloracne and other skin disorders; Disrupts liver and kidney function; Alters hormone levels: thyroid, testosterone and

estrogen; Reproductive effects: altered sex ratio, reduced

fertility; Birth defects: hypospadias; Endometriosis

Mercury emissions from WTE (1989-1999) and coal-fired

power plants

                                                                               

Dioxin to air from W-t-E

What is hazardous waste ?

Main hazardous properties available for treated wood waste

•H6 : very toxic, or containing very toxic substances at a total C 0,1%, or toxic, or containing toxic substances at a total C 3%•H5 : harmful, or containing harmful substances at a total C 25%•H14: ecotoxic (not yet specificed)

Any Question!!!!

Thank you for listening!