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A whisper of soft yello'w light lingers in the sky, The i.znight i.r a .rtudy irt cluietness, Y et thet'e is lettsiou, €),; -'.):
merut eaeryuhere " A4en moae briskly about, tlteir si;, -
careful, distinct ntonotones" Complex equipT?t€t::
checked, d.oable checked., and then checked again,
Momeruts later the stillness is pierced uith a 7/tlt:,."rodr ds tl Minuterrudn leaps from its hiding place lt:;,i':the earth, It strains skytaard in a. firry burst of e:/ct :
In secoruds it is out of .right, Its journey is sti: -
and. effortless as it streaks touards d.sirnalated t.ir'!,Another succersf al test fi,ring has just been ni.i-i :
Americarus eaeryulsere feel certain that anotlter sle: :
this country's neaer-ending rdce to deuelop dn und€"r:.;'-
able deterrerut to sarprisri attack has been mad.e,
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Since the dawn of the space age-, missiles and
rockets have made their bow at a fantas ttc rate, inall sizes ancl shapes with a multitude of purposes.
Today, in the arsenal of the lJnited States
alone, there exist missiles powered by liquid fuel.
solid fuel, or both. Their flight missions range
from surface,to,su rface, stirfac e"to.atr, aLf ,to.air.
and atr.to.surface. They can whoosh along for
distances ranging from as little as five miles to as
much as nine thousand miles. They are guided
by radar, inertial guid ance or by one of the com,
plex systems designed for a particular missile to
meet a particular problem.
And rockets ! Rockets have aheady been
developed that can streak through and beyond
the atmosphere at better than 21,000 miles per
hour and travel to the moon and beyond. ThereIEUS ! !!FN
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J0H[\|S0[\| in our
Tlre corporate org anization of the Johnson Service
Comp any is built around a simple concept - to
design, manufacture, inst all, and service autom atrc
temperature and atr conditioning control systems.
This is the concept of complete responsibility,
Our product ts a control system backed by the
multitude of skills, the wealth of knowledge and
experience and the dozens of specially designed
devices that go into its creation and application.
Defense systems today are highly complexand efficient ( and must be to protect us fromall possible aggtessors) . They demand total reli,ability from beginnirg to end, as explained on
page t2 and in the story of the Minuteman.
Complete responsibility, as defined at JSC,me(tns total reliability of the part the Company
has in the defense picture.
The concept and the course of its development
date back to principles laid down by Professor
$flarren S. Johnson. He was deeply concerned
about the quality of performance his systems Sayeeach customer. To make sufe Johnson control
systems would satisfy the customer, he set uP the
service arm of the Comp anf , and refused to sell
any' products that u'ould not be installed and
serviced throughout their lives by that afm. That
policy is still very much in force.
These simple facts, obvious but important,
explain how JSC fits into the defense picture
from a request for L2 echo boxes to a one and a
half million dollar missile base contract.
In both instances Johnson has the people and
the organi zation to meet the terms of the contract.
Here are a few of the dozens of examples
that came to light recentlY:
world of
defense
problem:The guidance system of oneof the missiles in operationwith oLrr armed forces is a veryhot-headed gadget and threatened toburn itself Llp before its job was done.
Johnson, through its branch engineers,designed and installed special controls for a
cooling system that cools its fevered brow instorage and through firing.
problem:Guidance controls for some of our fancier weaponshave infinitely small parts. Bearings the size of a
speck of dust, springs finer than harr, vents and valr.esthat might be a" tight squeeze for a germ. All tomake superfine adjustments in the flight of a missilewhere a tic of error would land the warhead milesoff its target.
These controls a,re built in "white-white" rooms,many times cleaner than the most sterile operatingroom. The air in the rooms is filtered many times,and modulated exactly by Johnson controls, of course.The controls are so precise they register and allow forthe effect of body temperature and perspiration of theworkers.
From the beginning of the super-clean, carefullycontrolled manufacture and assembly rooms, Johnsonengineers have designed and technicians have installedcontrols to meet the most rigid requirements.
problem:To prove that Johnson control comPonents couldstand the strain of a missile firing or the shock of a
near-miss nuclear blast aimed at a missile site.
Johnson's test laboratory engineers tackled andsolved this problem in short order.
The engineers built a framework of springs andmounts and scales"that duplicates, as nearly as Possible,the j aring thump of an atomic explosion.
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O1|A].|GIS A],|D GROlryS
Defense of a nation in the missile age is a complexactivity covering much of the continent, and a gooddeal of the water around it.
Comp are it, if you will, to your body and itsnefvous system. The senses alert the brain to dangerswhich are approaching. The brain, in turn, decideswhat action to take, and co,ordinates the defenses ofsets up offensive action if necess ary.
The senses of our nation's body are the DE\fline, BMES7S, SAGE and the Texas Towers and
other warning systeffiS, all with direct lines to defensecontrol centers. Defense centers, the brain, are trtarr,
ned and equipped to evaluate the threat, and tomobilize the action against it.
They have avarlable a growirg network of defen,sive weapo missile busters and interceptors - to
As missiles have become the front line of defense,open space, the moon, the planets and beyond havebecome our most exciting and challenging frontier.
The pioneers who ate explorirg the fringes ofthis frontier use huge rockets and complex spacevehicles as tools. Most of them work out of thespra\ rling National Aeronautics and Space Admin,istration installation at Huntsville, Alabama.
The NASA facility is called the George C.
Marshall Space Center and is the nation's mostcomplete establishment for the development of largerockets.
Latest project is the Saturn, a multi,engine gianttowering more than L60 feet on the launch pad.This rocket will be able to place the three,man Apollospacec raf.t in earth orbit.
Johnson Controls are very much in evidence at
Johnson and the
ward off attack, and of retaliatory weapons whichare scattered and protected from attack, ready toreturn the blow. (Some of these arc shown onthe precedirg page.)
A peaceful man, or country, hopes the defenseswill never be used, but knows they must be readvand able to meet all threats, or an attack v'illsurely come.
The organizatron of Johnson Service is similarto the nervous or defense system, except that itsgoal is to provide and service controls for man\'applications.
Both the central plant and branch networkhave provided the flexibility to meet defense needs"just as the d.pendability and adaptability ofJohnson Controls have made them the preferredequipment in missile installations.
Managers and sales engineers in manvbranches have served as "senses" for JSC, seekingout defense projects in their territories and narL.irg down contracts.
Several departments of the central office pro,vide the "brains" in defense projects. Most deeph'involved, perhaps, is the General Sales office, whichis at once responsible for co,ordinating the workof the branches to eliminate unnecessary duplica,tions, and to steer them toward new projects.and for bringing in other departments involved.
Early defense contracts v/ere handled in thiswzf , much as any contract for Johnson Con,
the center . James Gaynor, Construction and ServiceSupervisor, Birmingh am branch, reports that
Johnson has had well over a hundred contracts forbuildings at the installation. All types of buildingsare Johnson,controlled, from the four million dol,lar central laborator/, under construction, to assem,bly buildings and motor test stands for the hugeSaturn.
Again, the dependability and adaptability ofJohnson Controls have put them at the service ofour country.
Photo ot righl shows the firsl flight configurotion of the giontSofurn C- l roc ket in the f abricotion and ossemb ly engineeringdivision at George C. Morshqll Spoce Flight Center. fhisbuilding olong with most others ol the sprowling NAS A heod'quorters is equ ipped wilh Johnson confrols.
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johnson meets the challenge of
The complete responsibility concept mentioned on
earlier pages, and the near,total reliability formula
as illustrated at right, are missile,a1e ways of saying
the old axiom, "A chain is no stronger than itsweakest link."
Or, to pr'ri the goal still another wzf t the quality
or reliability of Johnson Control systems in missile
sites or any other application, can be no better or
higher than the quality each Johnsonite builds into
the parts he works on, or the carc that goes into
installation of them.
Huppily, Johnson's chain of responsibility was
forged many years ago at a level which so f.ar has
been above the most rigid specifications laid down
by the missile builders.
Other systems fell by the wayside when their built,
in limitations kept them from meeting the demands
of the missile eta. (Conrinued on poge t 4)
Gefting JSC on the iob storts with fhe soles engineer, work-ing out o{ the bronch o{fice in the home city of fhe o gencywhich controls the missile work.
He visits fhe qgency fo sel/ Johnson and Johnson products,aiming to have them specified in fhe controcts for lhe sifes.
As qn engineer, he con visuqlize lhe problems posed by thesilo ond supporf building designs, ond suggest reosonob/esolufions. And he con demonstrate thot pneumotic confro/sby Johnson off er the mosf odvontoges over other sysf ems.
The fesf laborotory of once proyes the procticability of the
ideos born in reseorch ond development, ond provides the
soles enginee r wilh the focfs he musl hove lo gef the con-
lroct. Here loo, fesfs f or unusuol requiremenls, such os
shock resisfonce, ere worked out ond conducted on produc-tion som ples of equipment.
fhe soles engine er cqn speo k with conf idence ond sure knowledgeof the copobilifies of Johnson products, for he hos ol hond the
resuhs from two deportmenfs. One is responsible for providingthe mosf odvonced unifs their tremendous fole nt can devise snd
design. lf is fhis deportmenl reseorch and developmentwhich pufs "blue sky lhinking" ond bright ideos to work, con-
tinuolly improving ond re-vamping the well-proven devices they
creofed oYer the years.
t1
'pa1:adxa aq ue) luaularzldar Jo rludar allsuelxe
eraqll 'uorSar +nouJnq eq+ ,,'q.J,{luq,, aq} }o adols PUa
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The links of the chain are really members of a
team rnoving toward a goal of even higher standards
of quality and reliability"
From the first person on the j*b tc the last, each
has measured up admirably to the challeffige of the
missile age sirnply by doing as well as possihle the
jnb he or she was chosen and traineC to do"
It is this day,by.dny reliability that brought ]ohnscffiinto the def ense business, ;ust as it has kept tirecornpany strong and growing throlrghout three"
quarters of a century.
Handymen of thg productionengineer ore the time study qnd
methods experfs who tal'ly andchorf eoch ,??ove thqf goes inlofhe monufocfure of Johnsonproducts. Using their frgures,produciion pianners cqnsclredule producl ossem bly f or olhiinuteman sife between, saf torders slsfed {or o school inConnec ticut ond on office buitrd-
Aing in Georgia , sll in 1963!
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FAMILIAm $T0mIE$ ... rharDefense today is big business. Hundreds of companies are
involved, thousands of American workmen toil daily to meet the
tenns of defense contracts, and billions of taxpayer dollars are
being spent
A few of these companies have.actually been born of defense
work; they did not exist as few as nine years ago. Many others
have diversified into the field in recent years.
Johnson Service Company'has been directly involved in defense
worl< since t943, the date a contract was signed with the govern-
ment for echo boxes. In the L9 yeafs since, uP to the present
missile base contracts, the Company has been involved in at least
a dozen defense-related projects including Ballistic Missile Eaily
\Yarning System (BMES7S), Distant Early S7arning (DE\7),Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), Mid-CanadaLine, Missilemaster, Pine Tree Line, radiosondes, echo boxes,
Texas Towers, atornic submarines, nuclear akctaft carrter, and
support ships.
TEXAS TOM/EFIS The idea of Texas Towers (so named
because of their resernblance to off-shore oil drilling rigs) was
originally conceived to meet a need for early warning detection
of arrcraft In a sense they ate to the east coast of the United
States what the DE$fl Line is to our northernmost borders.
These lonely sentinels in the sea are "home" for complex
radar equipment and for the men that make it work"
The Texas Tower ]ohnson control system installations proved
to be some of the most unusual and advenfuresome undertaken
by the Company. Many eastern Johnsonites will back this up.
Though more than 90 per cent of the installation could be
rnade in drydock, as a shipboard installation, in the 10 per cent
or so made at sea lies a real experience.
Philip Quagge, Service Salesman in Boston, describes the
saga of Johnson and the Texas Towers.
'Jo+o)ado aupJr pafuarJedxauo to ll!\s aq+ llo )oo+ sa^o^{puo apl+ 'pu!^ aW Out0nog
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FAMILIAffi STORIES
RADlosoNDEs The armed forces called on
Johnson Service Company and two other manufac-
turers in 1944 to produce fadiosondes, a sensitive piece
of equipment used in weather forecasting. It is carried
aloft to aheight of over 15 miles by a free balloon, to
broadcast by means of precise tone signals, information
on the humidity, temperatufe, and Pfessure at higher
altitudes. The instrument is then dropped by Para-
chute and recovered to be used agarn.
Although radiosonde requirements have droppecl
off, JSC is now involved in other work important to
"weathef" and its relationshiP to national defense. The
radiometersonde, for examPle, is used to determine
solar and ground radiation.
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EGHO EIOXES One of the Company's earliest
defense efforts was the manufacture of echo boxes,
a portable, self-contained piece of test equipment
that is used to check the over-all perfoflnance of a
radar set.
In 1943 Johnson, in co-opefation with Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology, became involved in the
research and development aspects of this equipment.
Before long JSC became the major development and
production source for echo boxes in the country and
even in today's highly competitive market is the main
source of this test equipment.
A recent report on current work in this area stated,
"I7e are just finishing a develoPment project for the
Navy that called for a tapered echo box which can
operate ove r the entire X-band ( 8, 00-9600 mega-
cycles ) . This has created quite a stir in the industry
for it had never been done successfully before. This
box can do the work that up until this time required
at least two boxes."
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JOhlIUJOHNSON AND ATLAS The IJ.S.,s firSt
Intercontinent al Ballistic Missile, Atlas Pro-vided the initial opportunity f or a temp era-
ture control man uf acturer to enter the
ICBM field.
Johnson received and si.rccessfully com-
pleted a large contract for check out ofpropellant loading system and piping and
instrumentation.Contracts came to JSC because of reputa-
tion, especially in service field. Except incontrol buildings, no Products were in-
volved, only the people who did ControlSystem Testing (CST).
JoHNSON AND TITAN t JSC agarnwas
called on for CST. Titan I is second ICBM;it "rests" in a hole or silo known as a hard
site, but must be raised to be fired. AtLowry AFB, Denver, Colorado; Mt. Home
AFB, Mt. I{ome, Idaho, and at Larson AFB,Moses Lake, \Washington,
Johnson providedenvironmental controls including completeinstallation and check out.
Johnson was awarded Titan I contracts on
a three-to-one preference over competition.
JoHNsoN AND TIrAN ll Prime con-tractors and government agencies were im-
pressed with Johnson capabilities. JSC was
awarded alL Titan II sites including proto-type constructed at Vandenberg AF B,
Lompoc, California. The Company is Pro-viding complete installation and CST worksat Davis-Montan AFB, Tucson, Aizona;McConnell AFB, \7ichita, Kansas, and
Little Rock AFB, Little Rock, Arkansas.
JoHNsoN AN D MINUTEMAN Untilthis time contracts were awarded to thelowest competent bidder. STith the adventof the Minuteman pro gram, Johnsonreceived contracts on the basis of capabilities
of the organtzation and reliability of the
product. The Minuteman is the fourth typedeveloped and still the most recent ICBMin the U.S. arsenal.
The Minuteman program represents whatis possibly the biggest responsibility ever
assigned to JSC under the national defense
Program.( S ee T ttan II and Minutemdn stories o?t
pages 10 and 1 1)
E CIIMPAI{Y O MITWAUKEE, WI$G(lil$I]{since 1885