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Technology played an importa~t rol~ inoutcome. Major War and in many ways determined its onrY

d ·n weaP ' technological advances were ma e

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communications, intelligence, and medicin ·

Peril of the seas Both the Allies and the Axis powers used submarines, which were much more efficient than in the First World War. The Germans invented a snorkel that made it possible for U-boats to recharge batteries underwater, red ucing

the time on the surface, where it was vulnerable to attack.

A new type of terror weapon The German V-2 rocket had a range of 350 kilometres. V-2s were used with deadly effect against London in the closing days of the war. Wernher von Braun, the designer of the V-2, moved to the United States after the war. After becoming a U.S. citizen, he designed the Gemini and Apollo rockets that eventually led to the U.S. moon landing in 1969.

140 Unit 1 Canada in Transition: A Nation Emerges

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Finding the enemy Radar (radio detection and ranging) is an electronic system that uses radio waves to detect objects beyond the range ol vision . It gives information about the distance, position, size, shape, direction, and speed ol approaching aircraft. Radar was a deciding factor

in the Battle of Britain.

The dea~lieSt weapon The United States developed the atomic bomb, which permanently changed

warfare. _In this weapon, a sphere of concentrated rad1_oact1ve material about the size of a baseball could easily destroy a city.

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Technology in the air The first jet-propelled airplanes were used in the

Second World War. Because Jets could fly higher and faster th 11 . an prope er-

driven planes, both the Axis powers and the Allies worked around the clock to produce as many Jets as they cou ld . However, jets were not perfected until

after 1945. Not enough were produced to affect the outcome of the war.

Secret codes The Germans developed a coding machine, known as "Enigma," which converted radio messages into code . This machine spurred the development of an early computer that could decode German

signals.

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