ww2
TRANSCRIPT
Approximately 62 million people died as a result of WWII.Approximately 37 million of those
people were civilians.
418,500 of these people were Americans.
The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty
A Weak League of Nations
A Weak League of Nations
The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations
The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations
No control of major conflicts.No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament.No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.No effective military force.
III. War Debts & German III. War Debts & German ReparationsReparations
Allies owe US Government $9.6 billion and want US to forgive debt; US leaders refuse
German reparations to Allies = $33 billionUS fears German default, causes radicalismUS banks make loans to Germany; Germans
pay Allies; then Allies pay US GovernmentWhen US banks prefer US stocks, system
weakens; collapses with onset of Depression
Essentially military governments.People still hold private property. Property
may be forced to a national purpose, however.Militarism and nationalism.
Hitler’s racism an extension of this nationalism.
German Fascism largely an outgrowth of Treaty of VersaillesAllies humiliated Germany at the end of WWI.
Now a price to pay.
Fascism rises in EuropeFascism rises in Europe
The “Stab-In-The-Back” TheoryThe “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are German soldiers are dissatisfied.dissatisfied.
The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
Germany Invades the Rhineland
March 7, 1936
Germany Invades the Rhineland
March 7, 1936
Germany begins demanding more territoryDesires a larger Germany for all German
peoples—“Living space.”First Austria. (1938)Demands parts of Czechoslovakia
(Sudetenland).Hitler signs “non-aggression” pact with
Stalin (USSR)—They then divide Poland. (1939)
German AggressionGerman Aggression
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938
… there has come back from Germany peace
with honor. I believe it is peace in our
time.
… there has come back from Germany peace
with honor. I believe it is peace in our
time.
British Prime Minister British Prime Minister Neville ChamberlainNeville Chamberlain
Appeasement—Giving in rather than standing up to and resisting aggression. Sacrifice principles to pacify an aggressor.
Britain’s Prime Minister Chamberlain agrees to Hitler taking Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia). Hitler says he will make no more territorial claims.
The “Problem” of the Sudetenland
The “Problem” of the Sudetenland
The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939
The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939
Foreign Ministers Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & von Ribbentrop &
MolotovMolotov
Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939
Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939
Rome-Berlin Axis, 1939Rome-Berlin Axis, 1939
The “Pact of Steel”
The “Pact of Steel”
Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
Asia- Japan acting aggressively in ChinaEven sink US vessel Panay in 1937FDR argues for “quarantine” of
aggressors. Public react hostilely to this speech. Fears it will draw US into conflict. FDR backs down.
Japanese AggressionJapanese Aggression
The Japanese Invasionof China, 1937
The Japanese Invasionof China, 1937
U. S. Neutrality Acts:
1934, 1935, 1937, 1939
U. S. Neutrality Acts:
1934, 1935, 1937, 1939
The US had returned to isolationism after WWIDiverse movement united by opposition to
another war; attracts a majority of AmericansNye Committee (1934–36) reflects suspicions
about WWI and animosity to war industriesNeutrality Acts passed in US Congress—
Designed to keep US out of European war1935—Military arms embargo against all belligerents
(regardless of whether aggressor or victim) (Renewed in 1936)
1937—Congress limits purchase of even non-military goods. Nations must pay in cash and carry these goods themselves. Avoid extension of credit, and potential harm to US merchant ships. (Remember WWI)
US IsolationismUS Isolationism
Roosevelt’s Evolving Roosevelt’s Evolving ViewsViews
• 1937 Act also mandates cash-and-carry trade• Prior to WWI, FDR was an interventionist, but
after WWI, FDR shares isolationist views publicly.
• Slowly, FDR worries that German, Italian, and Japanese aggression threatens US
• Begins rearmament and efforts to shift public opinion on aid to Allies (in 1939 gets repeal of 1935 Neutrality Act to allow arms sales)
America-First Committee
America-First Committee
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh
New Neutrality Acts of 1939—Cash and carry plan now extended to military goods to help Allies.
Destroyer Deal— FDR gave 50 old model destroyers to British in exchange for naval bases
Lend-Lease Law (1940)—Allies now broke. Can’t afford cash and carry. Congress passes law to allow lending and leasing of armaments.Lend hose when neighbor’s house is on fire.Arsenal of democracy—“Send guns not sons.”Neutrality is dead—Germans begin attacking
US ships escorting arms shipments.
Gradual Shift in US PolicyGradual Shift in US Policy
Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union...........................$11 billionFrance......................................$ 3 billionChina.......................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union...........................$11 billionFrance......................................$ 3 billionChina.......................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941
Lend-LeaseLend-Lease
US imposes embargo on war materials going to Japan. Negotiations take place between US and Japan to possibly end embargo.Japanese attack Pearl Harbor during
negotiations. (Dec. 7, 1941)
US enters the war.
Gradual Shift in US PolicyGradual Shift in US Policy
Dr. Seuss Goes to WarDr. Seuss Goes to War
Mobilizing the American Home Front
• Almost unanimous support for war; see it as fight for US way of life (democracy, family)
• To ensure support, FDR creates Office of War Information (1942) to sell war at home
• Why We Fight depicts war as heroes versus evil
• Office of Price Administration (OPA) sets prices on commodities and rents to control inflation
Mobilizing the American Home Front (cont.)
• OPA institutes rationing of key goods, and women play vital role in OPA’s success
• Even though profits soar, businesses resent OPA efforts to restrain price increases
• War Production Board oversees conversion to wartime economy; War Manpower Commission recruits workers for factories
• War demands sacrifices, offers rewards too
Wartime Economic Boom, 1940–45
• Depression ends as employment, GNP, wages, savings, corporate profits skyrocket
• US debt balloons (from $49 billion to $259 billion) as US Government finances war with deficits
• Overall industrial output triples; massive increases in key war products (planes)
• New industries emerge because of massive government assistance (synthetic rubber)
Government Incentives in Business & Universities
• War Production Board (WPB) guarantees profits in “cost + fixed-fee” contracts as well as generous tax deductions
• Big business grows bigger as 2/3 of all WPB contracts go to 100 largest businesses
• Big government grants mobilize higher education for war (MIT and radar, Manhattan Project)
• Universities join emerging military-industrial complex (interdependence)
Unions; Agriculture• Unions grow larger and work with US
Government with no strike pledge; National War Labor Board (NWLB) mediates union/management conflicts
• Strikes occur when NWLB limits raises; Gov’t passes War Labor Disputes Act (1943)
• War accelerates shift from family farms to large-scale, mechanized agribusiness
• Farm populations drops by 6 million
Growth in the Federal Government
• Federal employment grows from 1.1 million to 3.4 million by 1945; central to war effort
• Most dramatic growth in executive branch• After war, many Federal agencies continue
(Office of Strategic Services to CIA)• Emergency of WWII stimulates trend toward
bigness in government, business, labor, agriculture, and higher education
The Military Life
• Over 16.3 million men and women serve• Many suffer death, wounds, loneliness, fear,
post-traumatic stress disorder, and/or problems readjusting to civilian life
• War broadens horizons of vets; increases their skills/ambitions; many use 1944 GI Bill
• Despite repression, some act on homosexual attraction during war
Enemy Aliens, COs, & Japanese American Internees
• US Government interns 14,426 Europeans on fears of spying and bans Italian Americans from California
• Most conscientious objectors (religious who refuse draft) serve in civilian public service
• Government interns 120,000 Japanese Americans (including 77,000 US citizens) as “enemy race”
• None ever charged with treason; some enlist in military; internees lose homes/businesses
African Americans; Civil Rights Movement
• 887,000 black men and women serve in war as it offers opportunities (pilots, officers)
• Serve in segregated units; combat units perform well, but black soldiers suffer violence by white soldiers and civilians
• Navy disregards safety of black sailors (California, 1944), and Red Cross segregates blood
• Some black soldiers advocate “Double V”
African Americans; Civil Rights (cont.)
• CORE (1942) begins nonviolent direct actions in northern cities; NAACP grows
• New defense jobs spur 1.5 million blacks to migrate from South to cities in North and West; gain vote and join CIO unions
• Encounter lots of white hostility, including race riots; 250 riots (1943) worst one in Detroit
• Competition (jobs/housing) furthers tension
Women in the War Effort
• 354,000 serve in military as clerks/nurses• 38 female pilots die during war• Over 6 million women enter workforce for
patriotic and economic reasons; unlike 1930s, women workers receive praise during war
• Labor shortage creates opportunities for Americans; (Map 27.1*): 30 million people move during war, especially to West Coast
*A People and a Nation, Sixth Edition
Women in War Production• Many women (both white and black) enter
traditionally male jobs (riveters, welders)• Over 300,000 work in California aircraft
industry• Characteristics of working women also shift
from young and single to older and married• Working women suffer pay discrimination,
workplace segregation, and loss of jobs in 1945 • Public attitudes on gender do not change much
Family Life during WWII • Working mothers also suffer exaggerated criticism
that they neglect their children• Child-care a problem, but relatives and
Government help; no national epidemic of child neglect
• Children provide vital help to war effort, especially many teenagers who quit high school to take jobs
• Rates of marriages and divorces soar; hasty marriages unable to survive strains of war
Family Life during WWII (cont.)
• Birth rates also increase (“goodbye babies”)• Some males vets have trouble accepting new
independence in their wives (many of whom want to continue working)
• Many women leave workforce in 1945 (some voluntarily; many not)
• When these women later return to work, they find many jobs no longer open to them
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
German Troops March into Warsaw
German Troops March into Warsaw
European Theater of Operations
European Theater of Operations
The “Phoney War” Ends:Spring, 1940
The “Phoney War” Ends:Spring, 1940
Dunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940
Dunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940
France SurrendersJune, 1940
France SurrendersJune, 1940
A Divided FranceA Divided France
Henri PetainHenri Petain
The French ResistanceThe French Resistance
The Free The Free FrenchFrench
General Charles General Charles DeGaulleDeGaulle
The MaquisThe Maquis
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:The Tripartite PactSeptember, 1940
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:The Tripartite PactSeptember, 1940
Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the
Blitz
The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the
Blitz
The Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air Force
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Roosevelt and
Churchill sign Churchill sign treaty of treaty of friendship in friendship in August 1941.August 1941.
Solidifies Solidifies alliance.alliance.
Fashioned after Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Wilson’s 14 Points.Points.
Calls for League Calls for League of Nations type of Nations type organization.organization.
Operation Barbarossa:Hitler’s Biggest MistakeOperation Barbarossa:
Hitler’s Biggest Mistake
Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941
Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941
3,000,000 German soldiers.3,000,000 German soldiers. 3,400 tanks.3,400 tanks.
The “Big Three”The “Big Three”
Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph StalinWinston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942
Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943
Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943
German Army Russian Army1,011,500 men 1,000,500 men
10,290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks 894 tanks
1,216 planes 1,115 planes
The North Africa Campaign:
The Battle of El Alamein, 1942
The North Africa Campaign:
The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst
Rommel,The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Ernst Rommel,
The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Bernard Law
Montgomery(“Monty”)
Gen. Bernard Law
Montgomery(“Monty”)
The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” Allies plan Allies plan
assault on assault on weakest Axis weakest Axis area - North area - North Africa - Nov. Africa - Nov. 1942-May 1942-May 19431943
George S. George S. PattonPatton leads leads American American troopstroops
Germans Germans trapped in trapped in Tunisia - Tunisia - surrender surrender over 275,000 over 275,000 troops.troops.
The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943
The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943
General General George S. PattonGeorge S. Patton
The Battle of Monte Casino:February, 1944
The Battle of Monte Casino:February, 1944
The Allies Liberate Rome:June 5, 1944
The Allies Liberate Rome:June 5, 1944
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation
Overlord”]
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation
Overlord”]
Operation Barbarossa:Operation Barbarossa:
D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)
D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
Higgins Landing Higgins Landing CraftsCrafts
German German PrisonersPrisoners
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
Major Claus Major Claus vonvon
StauffenbergStauffenberg
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
1. Adolf Hitler 2. Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel 3. Gen Alfred von Jodl 4. Gen Walter Warlimont 5. Franz von Sonnleithner 6. Maj Herbert Buchs 7. Stenographer Heinz Buchholz 8. Lt Gen Hermann Fegelein 9. Col Nikolaus von Below10. Rear Adm Hans-Erich Voss11. Otto Gunsche, Hitler's adjutant12. Gen Walter Scherff (injured)13. Gen Ernst John von Freyend14. Capt Heinz Assman (injured)
TThe Liberation of Paris:August 25, 1944TThe Liberation of Paris:August 25, 1944
De Gaulle in De Gaulle in Triumph!Triumph!
U. S. Troops in Paris, 1944
U. S. Troops in Paris, 1944
French Female Collaborators
French Female Collaborators
The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last Offensive
The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last Offensive
Dec. 16, 1944Dec. 16, 1944toto
Jan. 28, 1945Jan. 28, 1945
Yalta: February, 1945Yalta: February, 1945 FDR wants quick Soviet entry into FDR wants quick Soviet entry into
Pacific war.Pacific war. FDR & Churchill concede Stalin FDR & Churchill concede Stalin
needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak spheres of influence and a weak Germany.Germany.
Churchill wants Churchill wants strong Germany strong Germany as buffer as bufferagainst Stalin.against Stalin.
FDR argues FDR argues for a ‘United for a ‘United Nations’.Nations’.
Mussolini & His Mistress,
Claretta Petacci
Are Hung in Milan, 1945
Mussolini & His Mistress,
Claretta Petacci
Are Hung in Milan, 1945
US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River:
April 25, 1945
US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River:
April 25, 1945
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
CrematoriCrematoria at a at
MajdanekMajdanek
Entrance Entrance to to
AuschwitzAuschwitz
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Slave Labor at BuchenwaldSlave Labor at Buchenwald
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Mass Graves at Bergen-BelsenMass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:
Too Little, Too Late!
Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:
Too Little, Too Late!V-1 Rocket:V-1 Rocket:
“Buzz “Buzz Bomb”Bomb”
V-2 V-2 RocketRocket
Werner von Werner von BraunBraun
Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945
Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945
The FThe Füührer’s hrer’s BunkerBunker
Cyanide & PistolsCyanide & Pistols
Mr. & Mrs. HitlerMr. & Mrs. Hitler
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
General Keitel General Keitel
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
The Code Breakers of WW II
The Code Breakers of WW II
Bletchley ParkBletchley Park
The German The German “Enigma” Machine“Enigma” Machine
The Japanese The Japanese “Purple” “Purple”
[naval] Code [naval] Code MachineMachine
Pearl HarborPearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!
USS Arizona, Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial
2,887 Americans 2,887 Americans Dead!Dead!
President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of WarPresident Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War
Pacific Theater of Operations
Pacific Theater of Operations
“Tokyo Rose”“Tokyo Rose”
Paying for the WarPaying for the War
Paying for the WarPaying for the War
Paying for the WarPaying for the War
Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]
Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]
U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,
the Philippines [March, 1942]
U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,
the Philippines [March, 1942]
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to
POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines.
Bataan: British SoldiersBataan: British Soldiers
A A LiberateLiberated British d British
POWPOW
The Burma CampaignThe Burma Campaign
The “Burma The “Burma Road”Road”
General Stilwell General Stilwell Leaving Burma, Leaving Burma,
19421942
Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”
Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”
“Island-Hopping”: US Troops on Kwajalien
Island
“Island-Hopping”: US Troops on Kwajalien
Island
Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests
Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests
Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle:First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle:
First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942
Battle of the Coral Sea:May 7-8, 1942
Battle of the Coral Sea:May 7-8, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Kamikaze PilotsPilots
Suicide Suicide BombersBombers
Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the
Philippines! [1944]
Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the
Philippines! [1944]
US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]
US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]
Potsdam Conference:July, 1945
Potsdam Conference:July, 1945
FDR dead, Churchill out of office as FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference.Prime Minister during conference.
Stalin only original.Stalin only original. The United States The United States
has the A-bomb. has the A-bomb. Allies agree Germany Allies agree Germany
is to be divided into is to be divided into occupation zones occupation zones
Poland moved Poland moved around to suit around to suit the Soviets. the Soviets.
P.M. Clement President P.M. Clement President JosephJoseph Atlee Truman Stalin Atlee Truman Stalin
The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,
NM
The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,
NM
Dr. Robert Dr. Robert OppenheimerOppenheimer
I am become death,
the shatterer of worlds!
I am become death,
the shatterer of worlds!
Major GeneralMajor GeneralLesley R. Lesley R. GrovesGroves
Tinian Island, 1945Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man
Enola GayEnola Gay CrewCrew
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed 70,000 killed immediately.immediately.
© 48,000 buildings. 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.destroyed.© 100,000s died of 100,000s died of
radiation radiation poisoning & poisoning & cancer later.cancer later.
The Beginning of theAtomic Age
The Beginning of theAtomic Age
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
© 40,000 killed 40,000 killed immediately.immediately.
© 60,000 injured.60,000 injured.© 100,000s died of100,000s died of
radiation radiation poisoningpoisoning& cancer later.& cancer later.
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Hiroshima MemorialsHiroshima Memorials
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
Japanese POWs, GuamJapanese POWs, Guam
V-J Day in Times Square, NYC
V-J Day in Times Square, NYC
WW II Casualties: Europe
WW II Casualties: Europe
Each symbol indicates 100,000
dead in the appropriate theater
of operations
WW II Casualties: AsiaWW II Casualties: Asia
Each symbol indicates 100,000
dead in the appropriate theater
of operations
WW II Casualtie
s
WW II Casualtie
s
Country Country Men in war Men in war Battle deaths Battle deaths WoundedWounded
Australia Australia 1,000,000 1,000,000 26,976 26,976 180,864180,864
Austria Austria 800,000 800,000 280,000 280,000 350,117350,117
Belgium Belgium 625,000 625,000 8,460 8,460 55,51355,51311
BrazilBrazil22 40,334 40,334 943 943 4,2224,222
Bulgaria Bulgaria 339,760 339,760 6,671 6,671 21,87821,878
Canada Canada 1,086,3431,086,34377 42,04242,04277 53,14553,145
ChinaChina33 17,250,5217,250,521 1
1,324,516 1,324,516 1,762,0061,762,006
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia — — 6,6836,68344 8,0178,017
Denmark Denmark — — 4,339 4,339 ——
Finland Finland 500,000 500,000 79,047 79,047 50,00050,000
France France — — 201,568 201,568 400,000400,000
Germany Germany 20,000,0020,000,000 0
3,250,0003,250,00044 7,250,0007,250,000
Greece Greece — — 17,024 17,024 47,29047,290
Hungary Hungary — — 147,435 147,435 89,31389,313
India India 2,393,891 2,393,891 32,121 32,121 64,35464,354
Italy Italy 3,100,000 3,100,000 149,496149,49644 66,71666,716
Japan Japan 9,700,000 9,700,000 1,270,000 1,270,000 140,000140,000
Netherlands Netherlands 280,000 280,000 6,500 6,500 2,8602,860
New Zealand New Zealand 194,000 194,000 11,62511,62544 17,00017,000
Norway Norway 75,000 75,000 2,000 2,000 ——
Poland Poland — — 664,000 664,000 530,000530,000
Romania Romania 650,000650,00055 350,000350,00066 ——
South Africa South Africa 410,056 410,056 2,473 2,473 ——
U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. — — 6,115,0006,115,00044 14,012,0014,012,0000
United Kingdom United Kingdom 5,896,000 5,896,000 357,116357,11644 369,267369,267
United States United States 16,112,5616,112,566 6
291,557 291,557 670,846670,846
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 3,741,000 3,741,000 305,000 305,000 425,000425,000
1. Civilians only.2. Army and navy figures.3. Figures cover period
July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
4. Deaths from all causes.5. Against Soviet Russia;
385,847 against Nazi Germany.
6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany.
7. National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.
Massive Human Dislocations
Massive Human Dislocations
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two
Superpowers of the later 20c
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two
Superpowers of the later 20c
The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of
the Cold War
The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of
the Cold War
The Division of Germany:1945 - 1990
The Division of Germany:1945 - 1990
The Creation of the U. N.
The Creation of the U. N.
The Nuremberg War Trials:
Crimes Against Humanity
The Nuremberg War Trials:
Crimes Against Humanity
Japanese War Crimes Trials
Japanese War Crimes Trials
General General Hideki TojoHideki Tojo
Bio-Bio-Chemical Chemical
ExperimentExperimentss
7 Future American Presidents Served in World War II
7 Future American Presidents Served in World War II
The Race for SpaceThe Race for Space
Early Computer Technology
Came Out of WW II
Early Computer Technology
Came Out of WW II
Mark I, 1944Mark I, 1944
Admiral Grace Admiral Grace Hooper, 1944-1992Hooper, 1944-1992COBOL languageCOBOL language
Colossus, Colossus, 19411941
The Emergence of Third World Nationalist
Movements
The Emergence of Third World Nationalist
Movements
The De-Colonization of European Empires
The De-Colonization of European Empires