Do Now

AIMAIM

How did the United States mobilize for war?

III.III. The Military ExperienceThe Military ExperienceIII.III. The Military ExperienceThe Military ExperienceAmericans Join the FightAmericans Join the Fight

U.S. Selective Service Act 1918(DRAFT)

Passed by Congress requiring all young men between 21-30 tobetween 21 30 to register for military draft

M li t d ( ll th i Many enlisted (all ethnic groups)

By 1918 3 million men had been drafted

DOUGHBOYS DOUGHBOYS

Tensions and Protest African Americans moved north during the war to

find jobs with higher pay (Great migration) Competition for jobs and housing led to race riots Competition for jobs and housing led to race riots People said “Mr. President, Why not make

AMERICA safe for democracy” 100,000 Mexican workers came to help on farms Discrimination against German Americans (schools

stopped teaching German)pp g ) Congress made it a crime to criticize the

government of interfere with the war Espionage Act Law that imposed harsh penalties Espionage Act – Law that imposed harsh penalties

for antiwar activities Sedition Act – An addition to the Espionage Act that

tl d ti ti itioutlawed more antiwar activities

DOUGHBOYSnickname given to soldiers because of their brass uniform buttons that resembled boiled dough dumplingsdumplings

American Expeditionary Force(AEF)(AEF)

(General Pershing)(General Pershing)-about 2 million American soldiers served in France

Women in World War I 50,000 women served.

S d i A i Served in American Red Cross.

12,000 female Clerical Workers volunteered for the Navy.

305 Marinette's join the 305 Marinette s join the Marines.

Nurses made up the majoritymajority.

Interpreters, spies, operated switchboards, d b l ddrove ambulances and entertained troops.

Wilson quickly prepared U S forWilson quickly prepared U.S. for war by: - factories produced war materials ( weapons, uniforms, etc.)

Food Administration (Herbert Hoover): farmers grew more and families sacrificed to feed soldiersfamilies sacrificed to feed soldiers (war/victory gardens)

- War Industries Board: told f t i h t t dfactories what to produce

- War Labor Board: settled disputes between labor and pmanagement

Women were f d t iforced to give up their jobs to returningto returning Vets.

This left some widowed families without an incomeincome.

How did the United States mobilize for war?

Ci ili h H fCivilians on the Home-front-Created War/Victory gardens -Women worked in factories

Women joined the Red Cross served as spies worked switchboards- Women joined the Red Cross, served as spies, worked switchboards, joined the Marines

Government:Government:-Congress imitated a draft (Selective Service Act)- Passed laws such as the Espionage Act and Sedition Act to outlawed antiwar activities- Food Administration created more food for farms- War industries board told factories what to produce

Soldiers:- Men drafted went to training camps

Do Now – Analyze using I.D.E.A

77

Discuss with your partner new technologies that were introduced during world War Ithat were introduced during world War I

AIM:AIM:Identify the objectiveIdentify the objective of the propaganda p p gposter and explain p pthe tools used(keep in mind the point of

view o the poster)

PropagandaPropagandaPropagandaPropaganda Propaganda is created by the

t t d id th t h lgovernment to spread ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing causeE h id i t h th Each side pictures each other as savage beasts

Anti German propaganda often referred– Anti-German propaganda often referred to Germans as Huns

Propaganda comes in different forms Propaganda comes in different forms such as a poster, a commercial, a cartoon, a song, or a speechcartoon, a song, or a speech

S h Speeches:“Four-Minute Men” were sent out

to give speeches and raise g ppublic support for the war

Video/film: Video/film:Charlie Chaplin helped sell Liberty

Bonds to lend the government money.

“Hang the Kaiser” movies

Songs:“Over There”

Propaganda posters

PropagandaPropaganda

Objective: Recruitment of soldierssoldiers

Propaganda Tools:Propaganda Tools:Patriotic Appeal -Uncle Sam and the use of American colors red/white/blue

PropagandaPropagandaObjective:Eliminate Dissent and Unify the Country

Propoganda Tools:Propoganda Tools:Demonization – Germany is made to be a monster

E i l A lEmotional Appeal – promotes fear

Name calling – Hung

Half truths or Lies – The Germans were not attacking

h i th USus here is the US

Evocative Visual Symbol –German Helmet

PropagandaPropagandaObjective:Recruitment of soldiers

Propoganda Tools:

Emotional Appeal – to play on the Irishman’s anger of German U-boats sinking Lusitania

Patriotic Appeal – To serve your country to avenge the people who died on the Lusitania

Evocative Visual Symbol –Sinking Ship

What is the point of view of this poster?

Emotional Appeal – family obligation

Financing the war

Emotional Appeal family obligationPatriotic Appeals (soldier fighting for love of his country)Catchy SloganEvocative Symbols (family helmet, soldier)

Recruitment of soldiers

Demonization – German HunsEmotional Appeal (expression of soldiers face)Name Calling (Germans are Huns)Half Truth of Lies ( atrocities were not as serious

Eliminating dissent and Unifying the

t

as poster implies)

Emotional Appeal (clenched fist)Half Truths of Lies ( Shows Germany on the defense when they launched the first attack)

country Financing the war

Conservation of

Evocative Symbol ( clenched fist)

Emotional Appeal (gardeners and vegetables expressionC t h SlConservation of

resourcesCatch SloganEvocative Symbol (flag)Humor (fruits and Vegetables are soldiers)

Patriotic Appeal (French roosterFinancing the War Patriotic Appeal (French roosterCatchy SloganEvocative Symbols (fighting French Rooster

D i ti (G K i d il)

Eliminating dissent and Unifying the country

Demonization (German Kaiser = devil)Half Truths or Lies (Many countries were responsible for destruction not just GermanyHumor or Caricature (German Kaiser cartoonish)country

Eliminating dissent and unifying the country

Demonization (British portrayed as an octopusHalf Truths or Lies (other nations were also imperialistic

Recruitment of

country imperialisticName Calling - blodsucker

Patriotic Appeals (patriotic appeal to joining the military)

Participation in the

Soldiers Evocative Symbols ( German helmet was a prize among the Allies, fern represents the death of a German soldier

Emotional Appeal (soldier makes student feel iltParticipation in the

home frontguiltyPatriotic Appeals (students sense of obligation to join militaryEvocative Symbols (cap and gown, uniformed soldier

Do Now – Compare and contrast the two propaganda posterspropaganda posters

AIMAIM

Compare and contrastCompare and contrast the songs: gJohnny get your Gun y g yand One by Metallicay

George M. Cohen- wrote song “Over There”

Johnnie get your gun, get you gun, get your gun,Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,Hear them calling you and me;E f LibEvery son of LibertyHurry right away, no delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had such a ladTell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line.p y

Chorus:Over There, Over ThereSend the word, send the word, Over ThereOver ThereThat the Yanks are coming, The Yanks are coming,The drums rum tumming everywhereSo prepare, Say a PrayerSend the word,Send the word to bewareWe'll be over, we're coming over.And we won't be back till it's over over there!And we won t be back till it s over over there!

Johnnie get your gun, get you gun, get your gun,Johnnie show the Hun, you're a Son-of-a-Gun,Hoist the flag and let her fly

ik h d diLike true heros do or diePack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit,Soldiers to the ranks from the towns and the tanks,Make your Mother proud of you and to Liberty be true.

One: By MetallicaI can't remember anything can't tell if this is true or dream deep down inside I feel to scream this terrible silence stops me

now that the war is through with me I'm waking up, I cannot see that there's not much left of me nothing is real but pain now

hold my breath as I wish for death h l G d koh please God, wake me

back in the womb it's much too real in pumps life that I must feel but can't look forward to reveal look to the time when I'll live

fed through the tube that sticks in me just like a wartime novelty tied to machines that make me be cut this life off from me

hold my breath as I wish for death oh please God wake meoh please God, wake me

now the world is gone I'm just one oh God, help me hold my breath as I wish for death

darkness ………..imprisoning me all that I see b l t habsolute horror

I cannot live I cannot die trapped in myself body my holding cell

landmine ….has taken my sight y gtaken my speech taken my hearing taken my arms taken my legs taken my soul left me with life in hell

Over ThereOver There OneOneOver ThereOver There OneOne

DO NOWDO NOW

AIM: How did the U.S Help to Secure an Allied Victory in WWI?Secure an Allied Victory in WWI?

19141st B ttl t th Y 1st Battle at the Ypres

19152nd Battle at Ypres1916Battle at VerduneAllies stopped Germans.pp

Battle at Somme191719173rd Battle at YpresGermans stopped the AlliesGermans stopped the Allies

The War at a StalemateStalemateThe War at a Stalemate Stalemate Why was the war at a stalemate? Why was the war at a stalemate?

– Both sides were dug in while engaging in the horrors of trench warfare

– During the stalemate, the frontline moved only a few miles for months at a timey

– Neither side was able to gain ground, thousands of troops were lost on both sides

– This continued for 3 years.

Russia Withdraws for the War - 1917

– Russia RevolutionC Ni h l II th– Czar Nicholas II was overthrown.

– Bolsheviks (communists) take power d V I L iunder V.I. Lenin

– Russia signs an armistice with GGermany.

– Armistice – An end to fighting.– This allowed Germans and the

Central Powers to place all their t f th W t F ttroops of the Western Front.

March 1918 June 1917 -a small force of 14,000

March 1918

Yanks arrive in France Germans try to launch an offensive

before All American troops arrive.Germans smash through French lines and are 50 miles from Paris at the Marne RiverWithin 2 monthsWithin 2 months

American Expeditionary Force(AEF)(AEF)

19181 million fresh U.S.1 million fresh U.S. troops arrive in France.

– American troops had an independent role

d l h l dand also helped British and French troopsp

(General Pershing)

America Turns the Tide of the WarMay 28th 1918May 28 1918

- American soldiers attack the town of Cantigny blasting Strength &g y genemies our of trenches and dragging them from cellars.This allied ictor boosted

Strength & Energy of fresh U.S. troops broke

This allied victory boosted Allied morale

U.S. troops broke the stalemate and turned the tide of tu ed t e t de othe war toward the allies.e a es

BATTLES Battle of Chateau – Thierry- Americans hold their

d i t th

-Battle at Belleau Wood-Americans retake the forest f th Gground against the

Germans.Americans assist the French

from the Germans.380 out of 400 soldiers were killed but Americans proved Americans assist the French

and stop .

themselves in combatthe German advance

Americans Turn the Tides Americans stop German’s second

attack at the Marne River and begin to gpush back the Germans.

The Second Battle of the Marne River The Second Battle of the Marne Riverwas the turning point of the war.

Final Battle – Meuse ArgonneSeptember 26th 1918September 26th, 1918

– 1.2 million U.S. soldiers took part in a massive d i t h b k h G li b t thdrive to push back he German line between the Argonne Forest and the Meuse River

– 26,000 Americans died in this battle26,000 Americans died in this battle– By November the Germans were retreating

The War Ends Germany realized that since the US entry

into the war, it could not win , The German Kaiser abdicated his throne Armistice is reached (Agreement to stop Armistice is reached (Agreement to stop

fighting)Th h ti t d t 11 The shooting stopped at 11am on November 11th 1918.

(11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th

month)

Which country has the fewest causalities? Why?

Meuse – Argonne Hero Alvin YorkAlvin York

Tennessee-born American soldier attacked and killed 25 German machine gunners gin the Argonne Forest and captured 132 German soldiers.

Awarded the Medal of Honor

Northern France was in ruins

Northern France was in ruins

African Americans in WWI 400,000 African

American served in WWIWWI.

They served in segregated combatsegregated combat divisions.

They faced di i i ti hdiscrimination when they returned.

369th, 371st, and 372nd 369 , 371 , and 372units fought under French commanders were awarded France’swere awarded France s highest honor:

Croix de Guerre

How did the U.S Help to Secure an Allied Victory in WWI?y U.S. troops added new energy,

manpower and firepower to the alliedmanpower, and firepower to the allied cause

U S industry untouched by war U.S. industry, untouched by war, provided the weapons and technology needed to wineeded to

The entrance of the U.S. (toward the end of the war) broke the stalemate )and pushed the allies to victory

Impact Impact Impact of the Warof the Warof the War8 to 9 million Europeans died in battle

50,000 Americans died in battle

More than 20 million soldiers onMore than 20 million soldiers on both sides were woundedMillions of Germans were near starvationstarvation

Many European children were left orphaned and homelessleft orphaned and homeless

Flu epidemic killed more than 20 million people20 million people worldwide.(Twice as many as the war itself)

Factors that contributed to the enormous loss of life during WWI

1 The introduction of new weapons such1. The introduction of new weapons such as the machine gun and poison gas.

(t h l )(technology)2. The large number of nations involved in

the conflict.3. The refusal of either side to accept an p

early victory.