WWIIWWII

Chapters 35-36Chapters 35-36

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini ItalyItaly FascismFascism

•State more important State more important than peoplethan people

•Strong gov’t. with Strong gov’t. with dictatordictator

•Individual has no Individual has no rightsrights

Josef StalinJosef Stalin Soviet UnionSoviet Union

•Communist Communist nation (1917)nation (1917)

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler GermanyGermany Used fascism w/racismUsed fascism w/racism Blonde, blue-eyed were superiorBlonde, blue-eyed were superior National Socialist German Worker’s PartyNational Socialist German Worker’s Party SwastikaSwastika Goals:Goals:

• Rebuild GermanyRebuild Germany• Tear up Treaty of VersaillesTear up Treaty of Versailles• Conquer EuropeConquer Europe• Destroy JewsDestroy Jews

Jewish TreatmentJewish Treatment

No rightsNo rights Harassed and mistreatedHarassed and mistreated Isolated and enslavedIsolated and enslaved EliminatedEliminated

““Kristallnacht”Kristallnacht” Nov. 9-10, 1938Nov. 9-10, 1938 1,000 Jews murdered1,000 Jews murdered 26,000 Jews sent to 26,000 Jews sent to

campscamps Night of Broken Night of Broken

GlassGlass

Road to WarRoad to War

Democracy threatenedDemocracy threatened Aggression/tension Aggression/tension ↑↑ Dictatorships increasingDictatorships increasing Difficulty remaining isolatedDifficulty remaining isolated

•U.S. isolationU.S. isolation

Neutrality Acts (1935-37)Neutrality Acts (1935-37)

No sale of munitions to No sale of munitions to warring nationswarring nations

Unlawful for Ams. to travel on Unlawful for Ams. to travel on warring countries shipswarring countries ships

Authorize President to list Authorize President to list commodities to be sold commodities to be sold (Cash-and-Carry only)(Cash-and-Carry only)

German AdvancementGerman Advancement 1938: Austria 1938: Austria Munich PactMunich Pact (9/38) (9/38)

•Czechs give Sudetenland to Czechs give Sudetenland to GermanyGermany

March 1939: CzechoslovakiaMarch 1939: Czechoslovakia Sept. 1, 1939: PolandSept. 1, 1939: Poland April-June 1940: Denmark, Norway, April-June 1940: Denmark, Norway,

Netherlands, Belgium, Lux., FranceNetherlands, Belgium, Lux., France

Selective Service ActSelective Service Act Sept 1940Sept 1940 First peacetime draftFirst peacetime draft All men ages 21-35All men ages 21-35 1 year active service1 year active service

1940 Election1940 ElectionCandidatesCandidates

Party AffiliationParty AffiliationPopular VotePopular Vote Electoral VoteElectoral Vote

FDRFDR

DemocratDemocrat27,307,81927,307,819 449449

WillkieWillkie

RepublicanRepublican22,321,01822,321,018 8282

Lend-Lease Act (March 1941)Lend-Lease Act (March 1941)

$7 billion to GB/Allies (by $7 billion to GB/Allies (by end of war $50 billion)end of war $50 billion)

Sell or lease commodities Sell or lease commodities to any country whose to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. defense was vital to U.S. defensedefense

U.S./Japan RelationsU.S./Japan Relations 7/41: Embargo on oil, tools, iron & steel7/41: Embargo on oil, tools, iron & steel

Froze Japanese assets in U.S.Froze Japanese assets in U.S. 11/41: Peace mission to U.S.11/41: Peace mission to U.S.

• 3 demands3 demands 1. Unfreeze assets1. Unfreeze assets 2. Lift embargo2. Lift embargo 3. Cease aid to China3. Cease aid to China

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor Naval, Air Force baseNaval, Air Force base Sunday, Dec. 7, 1941Sunday, Dec. 7, 1941 7:55 am & 8:50 am7:55 am & 8:50 am Am. lossesAm. losses

• Almost all planesAlmost all planes• 8 battleships8 battleships• +2,300 killed, 2,000 wounded+2,300 killed, 2,000 wounded

Dec. 8, 1941: U.S. declares war on Dec. 8, 1941: U.S. declares war on JapanJapan

Internment CampsInternment Camps 110,000 Japanese-Americans placed in 110,000 Japanese-Americans placed in

campscamps 1988: $20,000 to all survivors1988: $20,000 to all survivors

OPAOPA

Office of Price AdministrationOffice of Price Administration Fought inflation by freezing Fought inflation by freezing

wages, prices, and rentswages, prices, and rents Rationed foods, such as Rationed foods, such as

meat, butter, cheese, meat, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar and coffeevegetables, sugar and coffee

NWLBNWLB National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board Limited wage increasesLimited wage increases Kept unions stable, forbid Kept unions stable, forbid

workers from changing workers from changing unionsunions

Paid vacations, pensions, Paid vacations, pensions, and medical insuranceand medical insurance

WPBWPB War Production BoardWar Production Board Rationed fuel and Rationed fuel and materials vital to the materials vital to the war effort, such as war effort, such as gas, heating oil, gas, heating oil, metals, rubber, and metals, rubber, and plasticsplastics

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project Scientist: J. Robert Scientist: J. Robert

OppenheimerOppenheimer Tested July 16, Tested July 16,

1945 (Alamogordo, 1945 (Alamogordo, NM)NM)

Atomic bombAtomic bomb

D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944) ““Operation Overlord”Operation Overlord” 176,000 Ams.176,000 Ams. 4,000 landing craft4,000 landing craft 600 warships600 warships 11,000 planes 11,000 planes Allies victoryAllies victory

1944 Election1944 ElectionCandidateCandidate

Party AffiliationParty AffiliationPopular VotePopular Vote Electoral VoteElectoral Vote

FDR/TrumanFDR/Truman

DemocratDemocrat25,606,58525,606,585 432432

Dewey/BrickerDewey/Bricker 22,014,74522,014,745 9999

April 12, 1945April 12, 1945 FDR deadFDR dead

http://www.delanoye.org/FDR/

April 30, 1945April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicideHitler commits suicide

May 8, 1945May 8, 1945 V-E DayV-E Day

http://www.history.com/media.do?id=tdih_may08_broadband&action=clip

HiroshimaHiroshima August 6, 1945August 6, 1945 Enola GayEnola Gay Pilot: Paul TibbetsPilot: Paul Tibbets Bomb: “Little Boy”Bomb: “Little Boy” 140,000 dead by end of 140,000 dead by end of

yearyear

NagasakiNagasaki

August 9, 1945August 9, 1945 Bomb: “Fat Man”Bomb: “Fat Man” 70,000 dead by end of 70,000 dead by end of yearyear

V-J DayV-J Day August 15, 1945August 15, 1945 USS MissouriUSS Missouri