WWII

Totalitarianism – state has complete control

Communism Fascism – bundle of rods

Aims to create a classless society – all people equal

No private property

Working class should overthrow the wealthy minority

Sole Focus: the people

Stresses loyalty to the state

Believes in class superiority

Forbids/puts down opposition

Uses violence and war to invigorate the people

Sole Focus: the state

DICTATORSHIP – When a government is ruled by one, single, person

USSR: Josef Stalin (Communist)

Italy: Benito Mussolini (Fascist)

Japan: Emperor Hirohito (Fascist)

Germany: Adolf Hitler (Fascist)

Italy

Inflation- Rising Prices Unemployment Communist Led Strikes Middle & Upper Class demand

leader 1922 – Mussolini organizes

fascist group: “Black Shirts” Marches to Rome

King appoints Mussolini head of Government

“Il Duce”

Soviet Union

1917 Bolshevik Revolution – led by Lenin When Lenin died USSR on its way to prosperity

Land Bread Peace

Economy began to slow, low production led to starvation and disease

NEW ECONOMIC POLICY- Government owned all large business, private ownership of small business

1924: Stalin ends private ownership

Japan

Living Room – Japanese need more space

Military seizes Manchuria Racial superiority leads to

horrible crimes Rape of Nanking

League of Nations condemns Japan

Japan quits League of Nations

Germany

Inflation – rising Prices 1914: 4.2 Marks = $1 1919: 8.9 Marks = $1 1923: 4.2 BILLION MARKS = $1

6 Million unemployed

Treaty of VersaillesTook away coloniesTook away border territories

RhinelandSudetenlandPoland

Germany took SOLE responsibility

Weimar RepublicNot strong, military unhappy

Hitler’s Rise to Power

1889: Born in Austria 1907: Failed Art Student 1918: Decorated veteran of WWI 1919: National Socialist Party (Nazis) 1923: Wanted to imitate Mussolini’s March

to Rome Marched to Munich, Arrested, Sent to Jail

1925: “Mein Kampf” My struggle 1932: Elected, quickly moves up to

“Chancellor” 1933: Uses crisis of Reichstag Fire to be

given more control 1934: Fuhrer

Axis Powers

Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, Josef Stalin

March 1936

Rhineland – Along Rhine River (between France, Germany)

Austria

March 1938

Anschluss – union – with Austria

Austria

September 1938

SUDETENLAND – Czechoslovakia

Austria

MUNICH AGREEMENT – Hitler can have Sudetenland

Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini APPEASEMENT: GIVING IN TO KEEP

PEACE

"You were given the choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor and

you will have war."

March1939 – all of Czechoslovakia

March1939

Result: England & France Draw the line…

Versailles Treaty Checklist- Who’s next?

?Austria

France & England vow to protect Poland

September 1, 1939

England & France Declare War against Germany

September 1, 1939

BLITZKRIEG – Lightning War (throwing everything you got at ‘em)

Invading Poland might threaten whom?

NONAGGRESSION PACT: Germany & USSR Germany: I’ll leave you alone, you stay out

of my way In return I’ll give you some of the pie

ALLIES – Great Britain & France Color allied powers with blue stripes Who is next??

SITZKRIEG – “Phony War”

Winter 1939 – 1940… um…

MAGINOT LINE – Defense between France and Germany

April 1940: Germany (and Italy) attack France

June 1940 – France Falls

VICHY FRANCE – Controlled by French officials who cooperate with Hitler

1940 Allies versus Axis Powers

Who’s Hitler’s next target?

Battle of Britain - 1940

LUFTWAFFE (German Air Force) bombed London

British Royal Air Force(RAF) Fought back

Children were sent away for the “Blitz”

RADAR: detectedLuftwaffe planes

Battle of the Atlantic

"When you think how easy it is to sink ships at sea, and how hard it is to build them, and when you realise that we never had less than 2000 ships afloat, and 300 to 400 in the danger zone, and of the great Armies we are nuturing,and reinforcing in the East, and of the world wide traffic we have to carry on, when you think of all this, can you wonder that it is the Battle of the Atlantic which holds the first place in the thoughts of those upon whom the responsibility for final Victory rests.”

Allies did not have enough ships to form Convoys

Germany formed WOLF PACKS of U Boats to hunt Allied Carriers

Allied Powers used aircraft and RADAR to prevent U-Boat

attacks

Battle of Stalingrad

Summer 1941: Hitler breaks the Nonaggression Pact Invades Soviet Union USSR thus joins Allies!

Blitzkrieg quickly moves through Russia August, 1942: Nazis invade Stalingrad

Germans surrender in 1943

1,120,000 Russians Dead

850,000 Germans KIA

100,000 German POWs

6,000 POWs survivedTURNING POINT OF WAR IN EUROPE

Where is the USA??

America was staying NEUTRAL! After WWI, Americans did not want to go to

WAR again NEUTRALITY LAWS

1st: No WEAPONS for countries at WAR 2nd: CASH & CARRY: could buy weapons

with CASH LEND-LEASE

Americans would lend England WEAPONS for FREE

Pearl Harbor

TRIPARTITE PACT: Germany, Italy, Japan would help each other create a “new order”

America placed an embargo on Japanbecause of aggression

Japanese wanted toneutralize Americans

December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is attacked FDR’s Address to America

“A day that will live in infamy”

USS Enterprise

USS Lexington

USS Saratoga

2,400 American Dead1,200 Wounded

300 planes damaged or destroyed

18 warships sunk or damaged

Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa

After France fell, the fight shifted to whom would control the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, and the Suez Canal

Italy, in Libya, tried to flush out the British from Egypt They failed

Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa

Erwin Rommel“Desert Fox”

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa

Rommel led brilliantly But the British won a decisive battle at

El Alamein The US entered the fight in 1941 at

Morocco, and swept east, Brits swept west

On to Italy

Do you want to “die for Mussolini and Hitler, or live for Italy and civilization?”

Italians chose life, Turned over Mussolini

Hitler pushed back Tuskegee Airmen:

segregated unit of African Americans, first pilots

Slowed towards Rome Americans landed at Anzio,

got stuck, southern troops freed them

D-Day

Operation Overlord

June 6, 1944 Paratroopers Fired on beaches 5 Beaches

Omaha - US Utah -US Gold -UK Sword -UK Juno –Can

Battle of the Bulge

December 1944 Hitler wanted to push

Allies Back during Winter!

Goal: Neutralize the Western Front

American pilots dropped supplies and bombed Axis

US causalities: 19,000 dead, 62,000 wounded

German causalities: 84,000

The Home Front

RATIONING: Conserving at home to help the war effort Fats & Oils – gunpowder and armaments Rubber Gas Metal Nylons Sugar Meat Butter

VICTORY GARDENS: to help conserve Ration Books & Points: You were only allowed to buy so

much of the above each week. Your Ration book helped you keep track

Women’s Role

VICTORY BONDS: Invest in the nation/war effort now, get your savings back later

Knitting, Collection Drives WAVES: "Women Accepted for

Volunteer Emergency Service” Joined the NAVY

Employment Women took the jobs men left

when they went to war Rosie the Riveter: propaganda

figure meant to encourage women to take men’s jobs

Propaganda

Look at your Propaganda poster with A PARTNER

Answer the questions in the Cartoon Analysis questions

Change letter D to: What TACTIC did they use to convince the

viewer? Fear Patriotism Encouragement Other?

The Problem with Propaganda…

Stand in the Place Where you… Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Agree

Agree

The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to eliminate all Jews from Europe

Anti-

Semitism

•Prejudice towards the Jewish Race

•SCAPEGOAT: person who takes blame

Nuremburg

Laws

•Aim: To humiliate the Jews

•Examples: Star of David, citizenship taken away

Kristallnacht

•German for: “Night of the Broken Glass”

•Germans broke Jewish store windows and burned synagogues

The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to eliminate all Jews from Europe

Ghettos

•Purpose: to separate the Jews from society

•Description: Crowded, little food, thousands of killings

Concentratio

n Camps

•Purpose: kill millions Jews by work & murder

•Description: Little food, filthy, disease, crematoriums, shootings, gassings

Holocaus

t

•Definition: the systematic killing of Jews, gypsies, disabled, Communists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Catholics, Homosexuals, and other groups during WWII

The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire race, ethnicity, or religious group

Genocide

How to Analyze a Primary Source

WATCHING NEIGHBORS

AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, JUNE 20, 1943

Jews assembled for transport to theWesterbork transit camp (a way station to the Auschwitz killing center), in a photograph taken clandestinely from a nearby building. Neighborhood boys watch from the corner (left) and other local residents from their window (center).

Do Now:

You should

be working quietly,

as individuals, for about 5 minutes

Group work

should be

productive and

ON TASK

Analyze your primary source Observe it without writing

anything down for about a minute

Answer the questions on your form

If your question doesn’t apply to you write N/A

When everyone is done, share what you know about the image, and how it was a sign of the coming genocide

Evaluating the Evidence

Which one piece of evidence will you bring to

FDR?

What 3 questions

will he ask?

Which images are

most powerful/least powerful?

Millions of Europeans (and Americans) did nothing when these initial steps to the holocaust began in 1935. Had the Europeans stepped forward and done something when the Jews were being humiliated and separated, the Holocaust might have been prevented. Knowing this now, how can this knowledge help you change the culture of our school in regards to bullying, hazing, and ostracizing others?

Reflection Collins Type I

Internment Camps

Executive order 9066 Armed forces power to establish military zones Forced people to leave zones Remove Japanese Americans from Western US

Camps in Southwest Only factor was racial background

Internment Camps: only allowed to bring what they could carry. Homes, businesses, left behind Life was hard – harsh climate, barbed wire, armed guards

442nd Regimental Combat Team: highest awarded regiment in history Lost 800 men saving Texan 1st Batallian Received more than 18,000 individual decorations

Yalta Conference – January 1945 FDR (elected for the FOURTH time) Churchill Stalin Meet in resort town in Russia What do we do with Germany when we win??

Divide the country into SECTORS US Soviets British French

Elections in Poland USSR would declare war on Japan within 3

months of German defeat

Crossing the Rhine - March 1945

April 12, 1945

Eisenhower decides to allow USSR to take Berlin

After Hitler’s death, German armies scattered

May 7 Germans agree to a surrender VE DAY: MAY 8, 1945, Victory in Europe

Day

April 30, 1945

Island Hopping – US strategy in Pacific, targeting weaker islands to reach Japan

Douglas MacArthur – led men to defend Philippines, forced to leave men “I will return.” Bataan Death March: 5 days marching to RR, thousands killedMay, 1942: Battle of Coral Sea: Aircraft Carriers, 1st stop in Japanese AdvanceJune, 1942 , Midway: Japanese lured US into sea battle by attacking island, we knew planFebruary 1945, Iwo Jima: rugged terrain, caves & tunnels – 7000 US, 20,000 JapaneseAugust, 1942: Guadalcanal: 6 months, bloody fighting: put Japan on the run!April, 1945: Okinawa launching pad for final invasion of Japan 110,000 Japanese killed – would fight to last manOctober, 1944: Leyete Gulf – Return to Philippines, largest Naval Battle…Kamikaze (divebombers)December 7, 1941: limited US ability to strike back, major boost for Japanese pride

US Strengths:Focus on Weaker IslandsSoviets eased pressure in EuropeWar ProductionNavajo Code Talkers!

Fought bravely without support10,000 US

60,000 FilipinoRetreat

1st naval battle where ships didn’t see each other

Use of Aircraft – from ships!Turning Point of the War!

Major Blow to Japanese Navy

TOKYO EXPRESS:Japanese would load and

supply ships in the middle of the night

7,000 US20,000 Japanese Died

Japanese would hold fire until US soldiers were close

Mt. Suribachi

US Casualties: 75,00094 % Japanese soldiers died

150,000 civilians died

Manhattan Project

Albert Einstein comes to America! Writes a Letter describing atomic

bomb to FDR Los Alamos, New Mexico Top-Secret American program to

build Atomic Bomb Motivated by the idea that Germany

was already working on a bomb of their own

HARRY S TRUMAN – knew nothing about the project

July 26 – issued a demand for Japan’s surrender

Hiroshima –August 6, 1945

ENOLA GAY – American B-29 dropped “Little Boy”

80,000 people died immediately

35,000 injured 2/3 of the citiy’s 90,000

buildings destroyed Japan’s leaders took no

action to end the war

Nagasaki –August 9, 1945

“Fat Boy” 40,000 dead Emperor Hirohito

favored surrender Military leaders resisted VJ DAY- August 15