WWII

Part One: The Rise of Radicalism and American Response

Learning Targets

• I can explain the reasons for and the process of the rise of radicalism in the 1930s.

• I can analyze American foreign policy in the 1920s and 30s.

• I can analyze the causes, conduct, and consequences of WWII.

Peace Policy in the 20s

• Washington Disarmament Conference (1921-2)– Five-Power Treaty – Four-Power Treaty – Nine-Power Treaty

• Kellogg-Briand Pact (28)

US Foreign Policy in the 20s• Isolationism

– Rejection of the League– Immigration Acts (21, 24)

• Latin America – Clark Memorandum (28)– “Good Neighbor” Policy(33)

• Problems with debt– The British & French view– The Dawes Plan– Hoover Moratorium (31)

• GD, Globally– Sec. of State Cordell Hull arranges

tariff reduction Agreements – FDR recognizes USSR

Rise of Radicalism: Japanese Expansion

• Background– Modernization– Growing Power– Reasons for aggression

• Manchuria– “Mukden Incident” (31)– Manchukuo– Hoover-Stimson

Doctrine (32)• Shanghai (33)

Failure of Peace in Asia & the American Response

• Japan invades southern China (37)– Rape of Nanking– USS Panay

• American Response– “Quarantine Speech”– Ludlow Amendment

Rise of Radicalism: Benito Mussolini

• Fascist Party• spazio vitale• Blackshirts • March on Rome (22)

Rise of Radicalism: Adolf Hitler

• Rise to power• Withdraw from League

(33)• Withdraw from

Versailles Treaty

The Failure of Peace in Europe

• Italy invades Ethiopia (35)

• Spanish Civil War (35-36)

The Failure of Peace in Europe

• Rome-Berlin Axis formed (36)

• Germany Reoccupies Rhineland (36)

• Anschluss (3/38)

The Failure of Peace in Europe

• Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)

• Munich Conference (9/38)– “Peace in our time.”

• I’ll take the rest, thank you. And maybe some of Poland.(3/39)

The Failure of Peace in Europe

• Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (8/39)

• Germany invades Poland (9/39)

• Great Britain & France declare war

• Phony War

The American Response

• Nye Committee findings• Neutrality Act– 1935: Arms & munitions– 1936: Loans– 1937: No Americans on

belligerent ships; “cash & carry”

Moving Toward War

• Neutrality Act 1939– ‘Cash & carry’ weapons

to B & F– American ships banned

from war zones • Phony War ends (4/40)

Fall of France & The American Response

• National Defense Research Committee

• Destroyers for Bases• Selective Service and

Training Act• America First

Committee

The American Response

• 1940 Election– Wendell Willkie

• “The Arsenal of Democracy”– Lend Lease Act (3/41)– Convoy system (4/41)

• Operation Barbarossa (6/41)

• Atlantic Charter (8/41)

Meanwhile, in the Pacific

• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

• Growing Aggression• Export Control Act

(7/40)• Tripartite Pact (9/40)

WAR

• Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)

• Invasion of the Philippines, Guam, Midway, Hong Kong

• Declaration of war (Dec. 8, 1941)

• Hitler blunders (Dec. 11, 1941)