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POLENUL - RECOLTARE, CONDITIONARE, PASTRARE

Pentru a avea cantitati suficiente de polen, necesar prepararii amestecurilor si pastelor proteice, folosite in hranirea artificiala a albinelor,stuparul trebuie sa se ingrijeasca din timp de recoltarea, conditionarea si conservarea acestuia.

Recoltarea polenului de catre albineSe face de catre albine, prin instalarea de catre apicultor a colectorului depolen. Conform recomandarilor, instalarea se face primavara, cand avem celputin 4 faguri cu puiet de marimea 415/270 sau 6 faguri de marimea 415/205.Se stie ca prin folosirea colectorului, se retine max. 20% din cantitatea totalarecoltata de albine. Asezarea colectoarelor se face seara, pentru ca dimineataalbinele sa faca o recunoastere sumara.

In timpul culesurilor mari, colectoarele de polen nu se folosesc, pentru castanjenesc albinele culegatoare de nectar. La intervale de 7-8 zile,colectoarele se ridica, pentru a lasa liber zborul trantorilor.

Incepand cu data de 1 august, folosirea acestora inceteaza, pentru ca in aceasta perioada albinele au nevoie decantitati mari de polen, necesar formarii corpului gras.

Recoltarea polenului de catre apicultorUn polen sigur, necontaminat, este cel pe care il recoltam manual. Vara cand porumbul este in spic (in preajmapolenizarii stiuletelui), se pot strange cantitati importante de polen, aplecand si scuturand aceste spice, intr-un sac

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usor de panza subtire sau deasupra unui sort cu care suntem legati. La fel si primavara de la alun, arin, salcie se potrecolta cantitati mari.

Conditionarea polenuluiIndiferent de modul colectarii polenului, acesta trebuie conditionat (cernut, uscat). Polenul recoltat de albine seintinde pe coli mari de hartie in straturi de 1 cm, se cerne, se alege de corpuri straine mari si se usuca in curent deaer.Temperatura incintei trebuie sa depaseasca 25 grade C, iar umiditatea sa fie cat mai scazuta. De 2-3 ori pe zirascolim polenul pentru a grabi evaporarea apei.

Granulele de polen sunt bine uscate (8% apa), cand trecand polenul dintr-o mana in alta se aude un sunet metalic.O alta modalitate de constatare a uscarii este aceea de a freca cateva granule intre degete. Daca sfaramaturile nuse omogenizeaza si raman independente, totul este in ordine. Dupa uscare, se va mai face o cernere pentru o maibuna separare. Polenul recoltat manual se usuca in acelasi mod, necesitand insa o mai mare atentie, datorita faptuluica este foarte fin. Bineinteles cei care au un uscator de polen, vor executa uscarea mult mai rapid. Un principiu debaza este acela ca temperatura de uscare sa nu depaseasca 45 grade C, indiferent de modalitatea uscarii.

Conservarea polenuluiDupa ce stuparul si-a uscat polenul, trebuie sa-l conserve pentru a rezista pana in momentul folosirii. In aeastadirectie, se cunosc mai multe metode:

O conservare buna si simpla se poate face prin ambalarea polenului bine uscat in pungi de polietilena,etanse si binesigilate. Deoarece polenul este un produs hidroscopic, depozitarea acestor pungi se face in incaperi racoroase silipsite de umiditate excesiva.

O alta metoda cu un grad mai mare de siguranta este amestecarea polenului cu zahar pudra. Fiecare kg de polen seamesteca cu 1/2 kg zahar pudra si se ambaleaza in recipiente ermetic inchise, avand un strat suplimentar de zahar lafund si deasupra.

Conservarea polenului in miere lichida, este o metoda larg folosita. Un kg de polen se amesteca bine cu 0,4 kg mierelichida si usor incalzita si se ambaleaza in borcane cu capac. Deasupra amestecului se mai pune un strat de mierepentru protectie. Borcanele se tin la frigider pana la folosire.

Exista pentru conservarea polenului si doua metode chimice. Una consta in introducerea unui anume volum de CO2 insacul cu polen si sigilarea ulterioara. Inainte vreme se goleau doua capsule de autosifon, acum se impune deplasareala un centru de sifoane care poseda butelii de CO2.

Cealalta modalitate este introducerea in sacul cu polen a catorva bucati de vata impregnate cu teraclorura decarbon. Doza uzitata este 20 picaturi la kg de polen. Tetraclorura de carbon se gaseste in farmacii, unde sefoloseste ca reactiv.

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foloseste ca reactiv.

Bibliografie : Literatura apicola diversaATENTIONARE ! Articolul nu reprezinta decat opinia personala a autorului si nu are pretentia ca poate lamuri in totalitate, problematicaexpusa

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Toate drepturile rezervate www.stuparitul.comTermeni si Conditii

► Stup albine ► Ceara de albine ► Borcane miere ► Condition

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