www.monsug.ca montreal sas user group monsug sas v9, enhancements prepared by:luigi muro –...

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Montreal SAS User Group MONSUG

SAS v9, Enhancements

Prepared by: Luigi Muro – Consultant

Bell Canada

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Formats/Informats

Enhancements to the FORMAT Procedure

proc format; value $genderformat "1"="Female" "2"="Male";NOTE: Format $GENDERFORMAT has been output.

FORMAT and INFORMATS with longer names. 32 Characters for Numeric formats. 31 Characters for Character formats (allows for a $

sign).

Note: Not compatible with version 8

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Character Functions

New Character SAS Functions

STRIP Strips leading and trailing blanks from a string

CAT Concatenates character strings without removing leading or trailing blanks

CATS Concatenates character strings and removes leading and trailing blanks

CATT Concatenates character strings and removes trailing blanks

CATX Concatenates strings, removes leading and trailing blanks, and inserts separators

PROPCASE Converts all words in an argument to proper case

CHAR Extracts a single character from a string

FIRST Extracts the first character from a string

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Character Functions

Concatenating Strings

Have you ever used || (concat), TRIM, LEFT, and PUT functions.

Version 8 and below: combine = trim(left(Char1)) || ‘ ‘ || left(Char2);

remblanks = trim(left(put(1350.624, 8.2)));

Version 9 (Reduce code complexity)combine = catx(‘ ‘, Char1, Char2);

remblanks = strip(put(1350.624, 8.2));

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Macro Functions

CREATING MACRO VARIABLES

Commonly include LEFT, TRIM and PUT functions to make sure that the macro variable value is constructed properly.

Version 8 and below:

call symput(‘Max’, trim(left(put(maxValue , 8.))) );

Version 9 CALL SYMPUTX handles left justification, trimming, and character conversion.

call symputx( ‘Max’ , maxValue);

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Character Functions

The PROPCASE Function

The PROPCASE function returns a string in proper (mixed) case.

Example:

line = 'macro-generated line';

line1 = PROPCASE(line, ' ');

line2 = PROPCASE(line, ' -');

Result:

line1 = Macro-generated Line

line2 = Macro-Generated Line

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Data step – IN operator

Integer ranges can be specified with an IN operator

Version 8 and below:

A. if code in (3,7,8,9,10,11,15,19,20,21,22,23,24,25) then put ‘Found’;

B. if code = 3 or (code >= 7 and code <= 11) or code = 15 or (code >= 19 and code <= 25) ...;

C. if code = 3 or (7 <= code <= 11) or code = 15 or (19 <= code <= 25) ...;

Version 9 (Reduce code complexity)

if code in (3, 7:11, 15, 19:25) then put ‘Found’;

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Data step - Putlog

PUTLOG - Writes a message to the SAS log

Data _null_ ; file print ; put 'This goes to OUTPUT window' ; putlog ‘This message goes to the LOG' ; putlog 'WARNING: ...' ; Line displayed as Green in log window putlog 'ERROR: ...‘ ; Line displayed as Red in log window put 'This goes to OUTPUT window' ;run ;

Difference between Put and Putlog:

PUTLOG explicitly writes to the SAS LOG. This means that you can direct regular PUT statements to another destination, and write to the log using PUTLOG without the need to redirect output to the LOG with a FILE LOG statement.

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Extract a single character from a string using CHAR and FIRST Version 8 and Below:

Data extract; MarketingCode='FD12Q1320'; Region=substr(MarketingCode, 5, 1); Product=substr(MarketingCode, 1, 1);run;

Version 9:

Data extract; MarketingCode='FD12Q1320'; Region=CHAR(MarketingCode, 5); Product=FIRST(MarketingCode);Run;

Character Functions

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Perl regular expression (PRX) - Primary functions:

PRX

PRXPARSE: To define a Perl regular expression to be used later by the other regular expression functions.

Combination of alphanumeric characters, strings and metacharacters.

PRXMATCH: Locate the position in a string, where a regular expression match is found. This function returns the first position in a string. If this pattern is not found, the function returns a zero.

Other functions and call routines include: PRXSUBSTR, PRXPOSN, PRXNEXT, PRXPAREN

DATA _NULL_; IF _N_ = 1 THEN PATTERN_NUM = PRXPARSE("/cat/"); RETAIN PATTERN_NUM; INPUT STRING $30.; POSITION = PRXMATCH(PATTERN_NUM,STRING); DATALINES; ...;

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Perl regular expression (PRX) - Examples

PRX

Metacharacter Description Examples

* Matches the previous subexpression zero or more times

cat* matches "cat", "cats", "catanddog"

+ Matches the previous subexpression one or more times

\d+ matches one or more digits

? Matches the previous subexpression zero or one times

hello? matches "hell" and "hello"

. (period) Matches exactly one character r.n matches "ron", "run", and "ran"

\d Matches a digit 0 to 9 \d\d\d matches any three digit number

\D Matches a non-digit \D\D matches "xx", "ab" and "%%"

^ Matches the beginning of the string ^cat matches "cat" and "cats" but not "the cat"

$ Matches the end of a string cat$ matches "the cat" but not "cat in the hat"

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Perl regular expression (PRX) - ExamplesFunction Matches Does not Match

PRXPARSE("/cat/") "The cat is black" "cats"

PRXPARSE("/^cat/") "cat on the roof" "The cat"

PRXPARSE("/cat$/") "There is a cat" "cat in the house"

PRX

Interested in learning more. Excellent SUGI 29 paper @

http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi29/265-29.pdf

Title: An Introduction to Perl Regular Expressions in SAS 9

Author: Ron Cody, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ

To use the PRX pattern specified with PRXPARSE use PRXMATCH function .POSITION = PRXMATCH(PATTERN_NUM,STRING);

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