www.oncologyeducation.ca defining the role of egfr monoclonal antibody therapy in metastatic...
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Defining the Role of EGFR Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Author: Dr. Phil BedardDate Posted: December 12, 2007
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Objectives
• Review the rationale for targeting EGFR in metastatic colorectal cancer therapy
• Outline the differences between the monoclonal antibodies against EGFR
• Understand the common toxicities associated with EGFR monoclonal antibodies
• Summarize the evidence supporting the use of EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy in the first-, second-, and third-line treatment of metastatic CRC
• Discuss possible methods of selection of patients most likely to benefit from EGFR monoclonal antibody blockade with metastatic CRC
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Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)
• Member of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family
• Ligand binding to extracellular domain leads to activation of intracellular signaling cascade, including Akt and MAPK
• Results in proliferation, angiogenesis, increased cell motility, and resistance to chemotherapy
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EGFR in Colorectal Cancer
• Expressed in 60-80% CRC– Risk factor for poor prognosis
• Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) demonstrate activity as single agents and in combination with chemotherapy in CRC
• To date, there is no proof that small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are of benefit– CRC lacks EGFR mutations that have been
asssociated with response to TKIs in other disease sites
Townsley CA Br J Cancer 2006Rothernberg ML JCO 2005
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Monoclonal AntibodiesAgainst EGFR
• For treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer:– Cetuximab approved by Health Canada and
FDA– Panitumumab approved by FDA
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Comparison: Cetuximab vs Panitumumab
Cetuximab Panitumumab
Backbone Chimeric Human
Class IgG1 IgG2
Half-life 5-7.5 days 7.5 days
Loading Dose Yes No
Dosing Schedule
Qweekly Qweekly
Q2weekly
Premedication H1-antagonist None
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First-line Therapy:Cetuximab + Chemotherapy
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CRYSTAL Trial
Van Custem E Proc ASCO 2007
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
FOLFIRI + CetuximabN=648
FOLFIRIN=650
10 Endpoint= PFS
N=1198EGFR expression
via IHC
* Cetuximab 400 mg/m* Cetuximab 400 mg/m2 2 IV week 1 then 250 mg/m IV week 1 then 250 mg/m22 IV weekly IV weekly
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Grade 3/4 EventsFOLFIRI+
Cetuximab (%)
FOLFIRI
(%)
Febrile Neutropenia 2.7 2.2
Diarrhea 15.2 10.5
Vomiting 4.5 5.0
Fatigue 5.0 4.5
Skin Reactions 18.7 0.2
Infusion Related Reactions
2.3 0
Hypomagnesemia
(only available for 20% of patients)
1.8 0.2
Toxicity
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Efficacy
Grade 3/4 toxicityFOLFIRI + Cetuximab
N = 648 (%)
FOLFIRI
N = 650 (%)
Response Rate 47 39
Median PFS 8.9 8.0
1 yr PFS 34 23
Median OS NR NR
HR = 0.85 (0.73-0.99); p=0.048
p=0.0038
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PFS by Skin Reaction:FOLFIRI + Cetuximab
Skin Reaction Median PFS
Grade 1 5.4 months
Grade 2 9.4 months
Grade 3 11.3 months
* No Grade 4 Reaction Reported* No Grade 4 Reaction Reported
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OPUS: Phase II
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
FOLFOX + CetuximabN=170
FOLFOXN=168
N=338EGFR+
Metasatic CRC
* Cetuximab 400 mg/m* Cetuximab 400 mg/m2 2 IV week 1 then 250 mg/m IV week 1 then 250 mg/m22 IV weekly IV weekly
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Toxicity
Grade 3/4 events
FOLFOX+ Cetuximab
FOLFOX
Neutropenia 27.6 31.5
Diarrhea 7.1 6.0
Fatigue 3.5 3.0
Neurotoxicity 3.5 6.0
Acne-like skin rash
14.1 0
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Efficacy
FOLFOX+ Cetuximab
FOLFOX
Response Rate 45.6% 35.7%
* No Survival Data Reported* No Survival Data Reported
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Response Rate by Skin Rash
FOLFOX+ Cetuximab
Grade 0 13.0%
Grade 1 42.2%
Grade 2 53.2%
Grade 3-4 66.4%
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SWOG 80203
Venook A Proc ASCO 2006
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
FOLFOX + Cetuximab
REGISTER
FOLFOXInv choice
FOLFIRIInv choice
FOLFOX alone
FOLFIRI + Cetuximab
FOLFIRI aloneN=258
Metastatic Colorectal CANo EGFR expression required
10 Endpoint= OS
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SWOG 80203
• Planned sample size N=2200
• Trial stopped early January 2005 because of poor accrual– Publication of Hurwitz data with IFL +
Bevacizumab (NEJM 2004)
• Data reported with median F/U 16 months
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Efficacy
Cetuximab+
FOLFIRI
FOLFIRI Cetuximab+FOLFOX
FOLFOX
Response
CR + PR
44% 36% 60% 40%
Stable Disease
32% 38% 26% 30%
Median PFS
(95% CI)
10.6 mos
(6.2-14.1)
8.4 mos
(6.5-10.3)
8.2 mos
(7.0-12.7)
9.8 mos
(8.3-12.4)
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Toxicity
Grade 3/4 Cetuximab+
FOLFIRI
FOLFIRI Cetuximab+FOLFOX
FOLFOX
Diarrhea 22% 15% 14% 10%
Neutropenia 34% 27% 38% 36%
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Efficacy: Cetuximabversus Chemotherapy Alone
Cetuximab+CT CT alone
Response Rate 52% 38%
Median PFS
(95%CI)
8.5 mos
(7.0-12.5)
9.4 mos
(8.2-10.8)
Median OS
(95%CI)
16.9 mos
(15.9-?)
?
(17.9-?)
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Medical Research Council: COIN Trial (Ongoing)
RANDOMI ZE
1:1:11:1:1
FOLFOX/CapeOX until progression/intolerance
FOLFOX/CapeOX + Cetuximab until
progression/intolerance
N=2421 (Target)No EGFR testing
10 Endpoint= OS
FOLFOX/CapeOXx12 weeks“Stop & Go” Strategy
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First-line Therapy:Panitumumab + Chemotherapy
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PRIME Trial: Ongoing
Expected Completion: March 2010Expected Completion: March 2010
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Panitumumab + FOLFOX
FOLFOX alone
N=900 (Target Accrual)Metastatic Colorectal CA
No EGFR testing
10 Endpoint= PFS
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First-line Therapy:Ceutximab + Chemotherapy +
anti-VEGF
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CALGB/SWOG 80405: Ongoing
RANDOMI ZE
1:1:11:1:1
FOLFOX or FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab + Cetuximab
FOLFOX or FOLFIRI + Cetuximab
N=2300 (Target)Metastatic Colorectal CA
No EGFR testing
10 Endpoint= OS
FOLFOX or FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab
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Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group CAIRO-2: Ongoing
Expected Completion: December 2007Expected Completion: December 2007
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
CapeOX + Bevacizumab + Ceutximab
CapeOX + Bevacizumab
N=750 (Target Accrual)Metastatic Colorectal CA
No EGFR testing10 Endpoint=
PFS & Toxicity
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Preliminary Toxicity Data
Grade 3/4 Adverse Events
CAPOX-Bev+
Cetuximab
CAPOX-Bev
Hand-Foot Syndrome
13% 12%
Diarrhea 23% 17%
Febrile Neutropenia
0% 1%
Acne-like Rash 20% 0%
Death <60days 3% 3%
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First-line Therapy:Panitumumab + Chemotherapy +
anti-VEGF
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Panitumumab Advanced Colorectal Cancer Evaluation (PACCE)
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Panitumumab + Oxali-CT + Bevacizumab
REGISTER
Oxali-based CT(ie FOLFOX)Inv choice
Iri-based CT(ie FOLFIRI)Inv choice
Oxali-CT + Bevacizumab
Panitumumab + Iri-CT + Bevacizumab
Iri-CT + Bevacizumab
Hecht JR GI World Congress 2007
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PACCE
• Trial stopped early after interim analysis suggested excess toxicity and inferior efficacy in treatment arm
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ToxicityPmab+ Bev/Ox
N=401
Bev/Ox
N=392
Gr 3 (%) Gr 4 (%) Gr 3 (%) Gr 4 (%)
Skin 33 <1 1 0
Diarrhea 21 2 12 1
Dehydration 14 2 4 1
Hypokalemia 8 2 3 1
Hypomagnesemia 3 1 0 0
Neutropenia 12 10 17 7
Neuropathy 9 <1 26 <1
Nausea 10 0 4 <1
Infection 16 2 7 2
DVT 6 0 7 0
PE 0 6 0 4
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Efficacy
Pmab+Bev/Ox Bev/Ox Pmab+Bev/Iri Bev/Iri
Response 39% 41% 38% 31%
CR 0% 0% <1% 0%
PR 39% 40% 38% 31%
Median PFS
9.0 mos 10.5 mos ----- -----
Median OS
18.6 mos Not reached ----- -----
HR = 1.29 (1.05-1.58)
HR = 1.44 (1.10-1.88)
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Summary: First Line
• CRYSTAL trial suggests that Cetuximab can be safely combined with FOLFIRI in first line setting, with very modest lengthening of PFS of uncertain clinical importance
• PACCE trial demonstrates significant added toxicity with combination of chemotherapy, anti-VEGF therapy and Panitimumab– Similar toxicity not reported with CAIRO-2 trial using
chemotherapy, anti-VEGF therapy and Cetuximab
• Data presently do not support routine use of EGFR mAb therapy in combination with chemotherapy +/- anti-VEGF therapy in first-line setting
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Second-line Therapy:Cetuximab + Chemotherapy
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Erbitux Plus Irinotecan in Colorectal Cancer (EPIC)
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanN=648
Irinotecan aloneN=650
Prior OxaliplatinChemotherapyEGFR+ (IHC)
Sobrero AF AACR 2007
Cetuximab 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly
Irinotecan 350mg/m2 q3weeklyIrinotecan 350mg/m2 q3weekly
10 Endpoint= PFS
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Toxicity
Grade 3/4 Toxicity Cetuximab + Irinotecan
N = 638, %
Irinotecan
N = 629, %
Any AE > 5% 71.6 56.8
Diarrhea 28.8 16.2
Vomiting 6.1 6.4
Fatigue 9.2 4.9
Acne-like Rash 8.2 0.5
Infusion Reaction 1.4 0.8
Hypomagnesemia
3.3 0.4
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Efficacy
Cetuximab + Irinotecan
N=648
Irinotecan
N=650
P-value
Overall Response 16.4% 4.2% 0.0001
CR 1.4% 0.2%
PR 15.0% 4.0%
Disease Control
(CR+PR+SD)
61.4% 45.8% 0.0001
Median PFS 4.0 months 2.6 months 0.0001
Median OS 10.7 months 9.9 months 0.7115
HR = 0.69 (0.62-0.78)
HR = 0.98 (0.85-1.11)
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Post-Study Therapy
Post-Study Therapy
Cetuximab + Irinotecan(N = 648)
Irinotecan (N = 650)
Any 3rd Line Rx
57% 65%
Cetuximab 11% 47%
Bevacizumab 16% 14%
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Survival by Skin Reaction: Cetuximab + Irinotecan
Skin Reaction Median OS
None 5.8 months
Grade 1/2 11.7 months
Grade 3/4 15.6 months
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MRC: EXPLORE
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Cetuximab + FOLFOXN=52
FOLFOXN=50
Prior IrinotecanChemotherapyEGFR+ (IHC)
Metastatic CRCN=102
Polikoff Proc ASCO 2005
Cetuximab 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly
10 Endpoint= OS
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EXPLORE
• Planned sample size N=1100
• Trial stopped early December 2004 because of poor accrual– Widespread adoption of FOLFOX in first-line
setting
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Efficacy
Cetuximab + FOLFOX
N=43
FOLFOX
N=42
Response Rate 20.9% 9.5%
Stable Disease Rate
46.5% 61.9%
Median PFS 4.4 months 4.1 monthsp=0.48
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Second-line Therapy:Panitumumab + Chemotherapy
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Panitumumab, Irinotecan & Cyclosporin in COLOrectal
Cancer Therapy (PICCOLO): Ongoing
RANDOMI ZE
1:1:11:1:1
Irinotecan + Panitumumab
Irinotecan + Cyclosporin
N=1269 (Target)Prior 5-FU +/- Oxali +/- Bev
No EGFR testing
10 Endpoint= PFS
Irinotecan alone
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Second-line Therapy:Cetuximab + Chemotherapy +
anti-VEGF
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SWOG S0600/ECOG/NCCTG/NCIC: Ongoing
RANDOMI ZE
1:1:11:1:1
Irinotecan/FOLFIRI + Cetuximab + Bevacizumab
Irinotecan/FOLFIRI + Cetuximab
N=1250 (Target)Prior Oxali-based CT
Prior Bev allowedNo EGFR testing
No Prior anti-EGFR therapy
10 Endpoint= OS
Irinotecan/FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab
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Summary - Second Line• EPIC trial shows that addition of Cetuximab to FOLFIRI
produces statistically significant improvement in response rate and PFS
• PFS improvement of questionable clinical significance with no overall survival benefit and added toxicity – lack of OS benefit due to cross over to cetuximab setting on
progression in standard arm• S0600 will address whether addition of Cetuximab + anti-
VEGF therapy to Irinotecan-based treatment can improve OS after progression on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy
• At present, data do not support routine use of anti-EGFR mAb therapy in 2nd line setting
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Third-line Therapy:Cetuximab Monotherapy
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EGFR EGFR testing testing
by IHCby IHC
* Cetuximab 400 mg/m* Cetuximab 400 mg/m2 2 IV week 1 then IV week 1 then 250 mg/m250 mg/m22 IV weekly IV weekly
Stratification:Stratification:• CentreCentre• ECOG PS (0 or 1 ECOG PS (0 or 1 vs.vs. 2) 2)
REGISTER
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Cetuximab* + BSC
Best Supportive Care alone
NCIC CO.17
Jonker DJ NEJM 2007
N=572Prior 5FU, Iri, and Oxali-CT
EGFR expression required
10 Endpoint= OS
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Patient Characteristics
Cetuximab + BSC
N = 287 (%)
BSC
N = 285 (%)
GENDER Male/ Female 64.8/35.2 63.9/36.1
AGE (years) Median [range]
63 [28.6 - 88.1] 64 [28.7 - 85.9]
> 65 years 38.3 44.6
ECOG Performance
Status
0 25.1 22.5
1 51.6 54.0
2 23.3 23.5
Type of Prior Treatment
TS Inhibitor 100.0 100.0
Irinotecan 96.5 95.8
Oxaliplatin 97.9 97.5
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Toxicity: Key Differences
Grade 3/4 toxicityCetuximab +
BSC
N = 287 (%)
BSC
N = 285 (%)
Rash 11.8 0.4
Non-neutropenic Infection
12.8 5.5
Hypomagnesemia 5.8 0
Pain (other than abdominal)
14.9 7.3
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Efficacy
Grade 3/4 toxicityCetuximab +
BSC
N = 287 (%)
BSC
N = 285 (%)
Partial Response 8.0 0
Stable Disease 31.4 10.9
Median PFS 1.9 months 1.8 months
Median OS 6.1 months 4.6 months
HR = 0.71 (0.59-0.85)
HR = 0.79 (0.65-0.95)
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Survival by Skin Reaction: Cetuximab Monotherapy
Skin Reaction Median OS
None 2.6 months
Grade 1 4.8 months
Grade 2 or higher
8.4 months
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Quality of Life
• Improved at 8 & 16 weeks in physical functioning and global QoL in Cetuximab + BSC arm vs. BSC alone
Au H Proc ASCO 2007
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Panitumumab 3rd Line Monotherapy Trial
EGFR EGFR testing testing
by IHCby IHC
REGISTER
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Panitumumab + BSCN=231
BSC aloneN=232
10 Endpoint= PFS
Panitumumab + BSCN=176
* Panitumumab 6 mg/m* Panitumumab 6 mg/m2 2 IV Q2weekly IV Q2weekly
N=463Prior 5FU, Iri, and Oxali-CT
EGFR expression required
Optional Cross-Over on Progression
Van Cutsem E JCO 2007
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Patient Characteristics
Panitumumab + BSC
N = 231 (%)
BSC
N = 232 (%)
GENDER Male/ Female 63/37 64/36
AGE (years) Median [range]
62 [27 - 82] 64 [27 - 83]
ECOG Performance
Status
0 46 40
1 41 45
2
3
13
0
14
1
Prior lines of Chemotherapy
2 lines 100 100
3 lines 36 38
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Toxicity
Grade 3/4 toxicityPanitumumab +
BSC
N = 231 (%)
BSC
N = 232 (%)
Acne-like Rash 7 0
Abdominal Pain 7 4
Erythema 5 2
General Physical Deterioration
7 2
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Efficacy
Grade 3/4 toxicityPanitumumab +
BSC
N = 231 (%)
BSC
N = 232 (%)
Partial Response 10 0
Stable Disease 27 10
Median PFS 2.0 months 1.8 months
Median OS NR NR
HR = 0. 54 (0.44-0.66); p<0.0001
HR = 1.00 (0.82-1.22)
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Survival by Skin Reaction: Panitumumab Monotherapy
Worst Skin Reaction
Median OS
Grade 1 5.9 months
Grade 2 or higher
7.9 months
Humblet Y Proc ASCO 2007
HR = 0.68; p=0.03
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Quality of Life
• Trend towards improvement for Colorectal Cancer Related symptoms and overall health-related QoL in Panitumumab group
• Patients who developed skin rash on Panitumumab were bothered by their symptoms
Humblet Y Proc ASCO 2007
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Third-line Therapy:Cetuximab + Chemotherapy
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Bowel Oncology with Cetuximab Antibody (BOND-1)
RANDOMI ZE
2:12:1
Cetuximab aloneN=111
N=329Prior Iri-CT within
3 monthsEGFR+ (IHC)
Cetuximab 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly
10 Endpoint= Response
Cetuximab + Irinotecan
N=56
Cetuximab + Irinotecan
N=218
Cunningham DR NEJM 2004
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Prior Therapy
Cetuximab + Irinotecan
N = 218 (%)
Cetuximab alone
N = 111 (%)
Lines of Prior Therapy
1st line 18.8 24.3
2nd line 36.2 36.9
≥3rd line 45.0 38.7
Prior Oxaliplatin 61.9 64.0
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Toxicity
Grade 3/4 toxicityCetuximab +
Irinotecan
N = 218 (%)
Cetuximab alone
N = 111 (%)
Diarrhea 21.2 1.7
Acne-like Rash 9.4 5.2
Neutropenia 9.4 0
Hypersensitivity Reaction
0 3.5
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Efficacy
Cetuximab + Irinotecan
N = 218 (%)
Cetuximab alone
N = 111 (%)
Response 22.7 10.8
Disease Control 55.1 32.4
Time to Progression 4.1 months 1.9 months
Median OS 8.6 months 6.9 monthsHR = 0.54 (0.42-0.71)
HR = 0.91 (0.69-1.21)
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Response Rate by EGFR staining
EGFR staining intensity
Cetuximab+
Irinotecan
Cetuximab
alone
Faint 20.8% 4.8%
Weak or Moderate
24.7% 12.8%
Strong 22.7% 11.7%
p=0.64
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Response Rate by Skin Reaction
Skin Reaction
Cetuximab+
Irinotecan
Cetuximab
alone
None 6.3% 0
Grade 1 or 2 20.4% 11.6%
Grade 3 or 4 55.3% 33.3%
p<0.0001
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BOND-2: Phase II
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab
N=41
N=81Prior Iri-CT within
3 monthsEGFR expression
not required
Cetuximab 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly
Bevacizumab 5mg/kg every Q2weekly
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab +
IrinotecanN=40
Saltz L Proc ASCO 2005
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Prior Therapy
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab +
Irinotecan
N = 40
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab
N = 41
Median # Lines of Prior Therapy
3 3
Prior Oxaliplatin 85% 90%
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Toxicity
Grade 3/4 toxicity
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab +
Irinotecan
N = 40 (%)
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab
N = 41(%)
Diarrhea 24 0
Acne-like Rash 17 20
Neutropenia 22 0
Fatigue 10 0
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Efficacy
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab +
Irinotecan
N = 40 (%)
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab
N = 41 (%)
Partial Response 37% 20%
Disease Control NR NR
Median Time to Progression
7.9 months 5.6 months
Median OS NR NR
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Third-line Therapy:Cetuximab + Chemotherapy +
anti-VEGF
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BOND-3: Phase II (Ongoing)
RANDOMI ZE
1:11:1
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab
Prior Bevacizumab + Chemotherapy
Cetuximab 400mg/m2 week 1; then 250mg/m2 weekly
Bevacizumab 5mg/kg every Q2weekly
Cetuximab + Bevacizumab +
Irinotecan
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Summary – Third line
• Cetuximab monotherapy after progression on oxaliplatin and irinotecan based chemotherapy is the only setting in which EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy has shown a survival benefit in colorectal cancer– Survival benefit modest but cetuximab monotherapy
also associated with significant improvement in quality of life
• Panitumumab alone and Cetuximab + Irinotecan both demonstrate a significant improvement in PFS in the third-line setting
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Summary – Third line
• Should Cetuximab be given with Irinotecan in 3rd line?– Cetuximab + Irinotecan combination demonstrates
best response rates and TTP benefits (cross trial comparisons) but unable to determine impact of irinotecan on QOL
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# pts RR % Median PFS/TTP
Median OS QoL
FIRST
LINE
PACCE
(Oxali only)
793 39 vs 41 9.0 vs 10.5 18.6 vs NR ?
CRYSTAL 1198 47 vs 39 8.9 vs 8.0 ? ?
SWOG 80203
238 52 vs 38 8.5 vs 9.4 ? vs 16.9 ?
OPUS 338 46 vs 37 ? ? ?
SECOND LINE
EPIC 1298 16 vs 4 4.0 vs 2.6 10.7 vs 9.9 Improved
EXPLORE 102 21 vs 10 4.4 vs 4.1 ? ?
THIRD
LINE
BOND-1 329 23 vs 11 4.1 vs 1.9 8.6 vs 6.9 ?
P-mab
3rd line
463 10 vs 0 2.0 vs 1.8 NS ?Improved
NCIC CO.17 572 8 vs 0 1.9 vs 1.8 6.1 vs 4.6 Improved
statistically significant results in RED
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The Bottom Line forCanadian Medical Oncologists
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• EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy is active in metastatic disease with relatively mild toxicity as monotherapy
• Clinical trial data most strongly support use of EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy in the third-line setting, after progression on Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan based therapy– According to BOND-1 data, combination of Cetuximab +
Irinotecan in 3rd line more active than Cetuximab alone
Efficacy and Toxicity
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• Cetuximab and Panitumumab appear to have similar efficacy and toxicity in the third line setting as monotherapy
• Access to Cetuximab and Panitumumab is difficult in Canada– Only cetuximab is approved by Health Canada and it
is not being marketed (or funded)
Efficacy and Toxicity
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• Results of PACCE suggest that the combination of Panitumumab, Bevacizumab, and chemotherapy is toxic with less efficacy in the first line setting
• Excess toxicity of anti-EGFR therapy with anti-VEGF agent and chemotherapy not seen with Cetuximab in BOND 2 or CAIRO-2– Suggests that Cetuximab may be more easily combined with
anti-VEGF and chemotherapy than Panitumumab– Results of SWOG 80405 and CAIRO-2 trial will provide further
insight
Anti-EGFR and Anti-VEGF Combinations
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• Future biomarker studies will attempt to address which subgroups of patients will derive benefit from EGFR blockade
• To date, studies suggests that level of EGFR expression via IHC is NOT a useful predictor of response
• CRYSTAL, BOND-1, NCIC CO.17, and Panitumumab 3rd line monotherapy trial demonstrate that skin rash may be an early surrogate marker for favourable clinical outcome– However, it is not clear from the current data if skin rash on
EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy is an early surrogate marker for BENEFIT from EGFR blockade or simply an early surrogate marker of a favourable prognosis
– Early data from EVEREST raises the intriguing possibility that “early skin rash non-responders” may benefit from dose-escalation of Cetuximab needs further testing
Patient Selection for anti-EGFR Therapy
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• Preliminary data from Panitumumab 3rd line monotherapy trial suggests that patients with K-RAS mutation do not benefit from EGFR blockade (Amado ECCO 2007)– Similar to data from EGFR therapy in non-
small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer– Analyses of K-RAS status from other EGFR
monoclonal antibody trials are in progress
Patient Selection for anti-EGFR Therapy
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Mark Rother for his helpful contributions to this educational program