www.plos.org ucl: june 18, 2008 “open access publishing” mark patterson, director of publishing...
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www.plos.org
UCL: June 18, 2008
“Open access publishing”
Mark Patterson, Director of Publishing
Committed to making the world’s
scientific and medical literature
a public resource
www.plos.org
My background…
Research – yeast and human geneticsPhD, ManchesterPostdocs, Oxford and Stanford, USALectureship, Cambridge
Publishing – genetics and genomicsEditor, Trends in GeneticsBiology team, Nature, and Editor, NRGPublisher, Company of BiologistsEditor, Public Library of Science
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Outline
• Open access – motivations• PLoS – the story so far• Paying for open access
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Open access≠Free
access
www.plos.org
What is open access?
• Free, immediate access • Deposition in a digital public
archive • Unrestricted reuse
Bethesda definition, 2003
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Creative Commons Attribution License
Copyright: © 2004 Moorthy et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Goal: overcome access barriers and encourage creative uses.
www.creativecommons.org
www.plos.org
No permissionrequired
for any reuse
Translation
Redistribution
Photocopying
Coursepacks
Reproductionof figures
Deposit indatabases
Downloadingdata
Text mining
www.plos.org
What is open access?
• Free, immediate access online
• Unrestricted use
www.plos.org
What is open access?
• Free, immediate access online
• Unrestricted use
www.plos.org
What is open access?
• Free, immediate access online
• Unrestricted use
www.plos.org
What is open access?
• Free, immediate access online
• Unrestricted use
www.plos.org
A network of literature
Document
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A network of literature and data
Document
Database
www.plos.org
Text mining
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Jensen, Saric and Bork Nature Reviews GeneticsFeb 2006
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“So far, more that 90% of all biomedical literature mining has been based on Medline, mainly because it is freely available in a convenient format.”
“…future methods should be able to extract information from the full text of papers…”
“However, it is restricted access to the full text of papers…that is currently the greatest limitation…”
Jensen, Saric and Bork Nature Reviews GeneticsFeb 2006
Text mining and open access
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Open access…
…transforms research literature into a public and unified information resource
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Open access…
…transforms research literature into a public and unified information resource
www.plos.org
Open access…
www.plos.org
PLoS Founding Board of Directors
Harold VarmusPLoS Co-founder and Chairman of the BoardPresident and CEO of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Patrick O. BrownPLoS Co-founder and Board MemberHoward Hughes Medical Institute & Stanford University School of Medicine
Michael B. EisenPLoS Co-founder and Board MemberLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory & University of California at Berkeley
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• Establish high quality journals– put PLoS and open access on the map
• Build a more extensive OA publishing operation– an open access home for every paper
• Make the literature more useful – to scientists and the public
Our publishing strategy
www.plos.org
PLoS BiologyOctober, 2003
• Professional/ academic editors• Extensive media coverage• Impact factors – 14.1, 13.8
PLoS MedicineOctober, 2004
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PLoS BiologyOctober, 2003
PLoS MedicineOctober, 2004
PLoS Community JournalsJune-September, 2005
4.9 7.7 6.0
October, 2007
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Web2.0 Interaction changes everything
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PLoS ONEWe want to publish your work
• Inclusive scope– a publication for the whole of science
• Peer-reviewed– objectively focusing on technical quality
• Streamlined Production– acceptance to publication in as little as 3
weeks
• Encouraging discussion and debate– community comment and annotation
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Current status
• Broad, high quality publishing portfolio– publishing all science
• Community support– established and respected journals
• Technology– realizing the potential of the Internet
• People
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Paying for Open Access
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Paying for Open Access Publishing
• Subscription fees make sense with print• But online, cost of 2 readers = cost of
2000 readers, so why charge all 2000 readers?
• Recover this cost up front• Publisher is a service provider (like a
midwife)
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Researcher
Publisher
Reader
Pay-per-view SubscriptionLibrary
Subscription journals
GovFundersInstitutionsIndustry
€€
€€€
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Open access journals
Publishing is the final step in a research project
Researcher
Publisher
Reader
€
PublicDigitalLibrary
GovFundersInstitutionsIndustry
€
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Transition state economics
OpenAccess
Subscription-based
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Advantages of publication fees
• Funds for publishing scale with research activity
• The buyer is the user (of the service)
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Catalysts for changePublishers
• New publishers– BioMed Central– Public Library of Science– Hindawi
• Existing publishers– PNAS, Oxford University Press, Company of
Biologists, Springer, Blackwell, Royal Society, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Cambridge University Press, Elsevier
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Catalysts for changeFunders and Institutions
www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/
Funder OA policyarc Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via
PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants.
BBSRC Mandated. Deposition at “earliest opportunity” in “an appropriate e-print repository. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants.
BHF Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants.
CSO (Scot)
Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC . Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants
CR-UK Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC . Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants
Dept Health
Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC.
MRC Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants.
WellcomeTrust
Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via additional funds.
UKPMC Funders GroupUKPMC Funders Group
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Sustainability at PLoS
• PLoS ONE– $1250– already sustainable and scalable
• Community journals– $2100– approaching sustainability
• PLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine– $2750– support beyond publication fees
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Quarterly article submissions to PLoS journals
CommunityJournals
Biology
Medicine
ONE
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Challenges and opportunities
• Scalable models for financial support of OA– Funding agency policy– Institutional policy– Migration strategies for subscription journals
• The tyranny of the impact factor– OA provides opportunities for new metrics
• Killer applications– We need some
The landscape is changing