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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE AND
SAFETY GUIDE FOR SHELL AND TUBE
HEAT EXCHANGER APPARATUS
(Located in Rm. B-24 Head Hall)
Prepared
J une 9th, 2011

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Table of Contents\Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ ii1. Scope ........................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................21.2 Regulations ........................................................................................................................2
2. Apparatus Overview and Objective: ........................................................................................22.1 Apparatus overview ...........................................................................................................2
3. Hazards Evaluation and Controls:- ..........................................................................................73.1 Possible fire event ..............................................................................................................73.2 Ventilation ..........................................................................................................................73.3 Kinetic, Thermal and Acoustic ..........................................................................................73.4 Electrical ............................................................................................................................83.6 Gauge Oil .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.3.7 Mercury ............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.3.8 General, physical and equipment concerns ........................................................................83.9 Access ................................................................................................................................93.10 Training ............................................................................................................................93.11 Personal Protective Equipment ........................................................................................93.12 Incident Report .................................................................................................................9
4. Operation ................................................................................................................................104.1 Qualified Personnel ..........................................................................................................104.2 Experiment preparation ....................................................................................................104.3 Lab Instructions ...............................................................................................................11
4.3.1. Instructor Responsibilities: .....................................................................................114.3.2. Data/Instrument Locations and Functions ..............................................................11
4.4 Operating Procedure ........................................................................................................124.4.1 Startup and procedure ..............................................................................................124.4.2 Shutdown .................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.0 Inspections ...........................................................................................................................155.1 Periodic & Operational Inspections .................................................................................15
6.0 Typical Tests ........................................................................................................................16

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B-24, Head Hall Floor Plan
Figure 1: B-24 Floor Plan, Head Hall

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1. Scope
1.1 Objective
This standard operating procedure is intended to provide operating
instructions and safety information for the Department of ChemicalEngineerings shell and tube heat exchanger experimental apparatus locatedin B-24, Head Hall. This document is intended as a guideline andsupplement to proper training that must be provided by qualified personnelbefore the apparatus is operated. The aim of this document is to ensure thatsafe work practices have been developed for the heat exchangerexperimental work. This SOP is primarily concerned with the assembly,procedure, hazards of the experiment and safety precautions that must betaken to avoid injuries.
1.2 Regulations
This document has been developed in accordance with the EnvironmentalHealth and Safety Office of the University of New Brunswick.
2. Apparatus Overview and Objective:
2.1 Apparatus overview
The experimental apparatus is used to measure the overall heat transfercoefficients for a shell and tube heat exchanger using the log meantemperature difference (LMTD) method and the number of transfer units(NTU) method. The rate at which heat is transferred with the use of a shelland tube heat exchanger can vary according to flow rates, temperaturegradients, and flow direction (counter or co-flow). Shell and tube heatexchangers are commonly used in the industry because they are relativelyinexpensive and are able to combine near counter-current flow with cross-flow. This combination results in a much higher heat transfer coefficient forthe shell and tube heat exchanger when compared to a pipe-in-pipe style heat
exchanger. They allow for the transfer of heat efficiently without anymixing of the two medias undergoing the heat exchange. This lab will helpto further the students understanding of how to optimize the amount of heatbeing transferred when using a shell and tube heat exchanger.

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The apparatus for the shell and tube heat exchanger is comprised mainly of abase unit, for controlling the experimental conditions, and a small shell andtube heat exchanger (l x w x h: 400 x 230 x 110 mm). The shell and tubeheat exchanger is designed for either counter-flow or co-flow operation. Theshell and tube heat exchanger has a heat transfer area of 20,000 mm2,contains seventubes(Stainless Steel, 6 mm diameter, 1 mm wall thickness),four baffle plates, and an outer transparent shell (PMMA, 50 mmdiameter, 3 mm wall thickness). There are fourwater connectorswith quickaction hose couplings to easily connect the hot and cold water supply to theheat exchanger. The water connectors on the heat exchanger are maleconnectors for the hot water tubes and female connectors for the cold watertubes. The tubes containing the hot and cold water are connected to the heatexchanger as shown in the picture below.
Figure 2: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
The apparatus can be set up to run under co-flow or counter-flow conditionsdepending on how the cold water connectors are set up. At the end of each

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connector, on the half attached to the tube, there is a temperature sensorwhich sends a signal back to the base unit.The base unit consists of all the necessary controls, indicators, and displaysfor temperatures and flow rates. A picture of the base unit is shown below.
Figure 3: Base Unit
The unit is switched on using the largemaster switch. Next to that there is atemperature controller for the hot water in the tank which is found behindthe base unit. Theheater switch, located below the control, must be turnedfor the water to be brought to the set temperature. The heater will not turn onif the level of the water in the tank is low. This is indicated by the tankwater low indicator light, which will turn red when water needs to be
added to the tank. The hot water tank is filled with water supplied from thebuilding by pressing the green coldwater supply valve button. The tankshould also be full before turning on thepump, using thepump switch,which pumps hot water through the heat exchanger. The flow rates for boththe hot and cold water are controlled using thehot and cold water controlvalves. The temperatures and flow rates of the cold and hot circuit aredisplayed on the four display screensshown above. Thedisplay switch

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changes the display from showing the cold circuits properties to the hotcircuits. The mixer switch, mixer speed control, computer input and thedisplay for the middle temperature are not used in this experiment. Astopwatch is also required when completing this experiment. There aremore pictures displayed below for further understanding.
Figure 4: Building Water Supply Valve
Figure 5: Side of Base Unit

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