wyldreportblog web 2 gov

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The Blogging Revolution:Government in the Age of Web 2.0

E - G

o v e r n m e n

t S e r i e s

David C. WyldMaurin Professor of Management andDirector of the Strategic e-Commerce/ e-Government InitiativeDepartment of Management

Southeastern Louisiana University

providing cutting-edge

knowledge to

government leaders


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David C. WyldMau i P fess f Ma ageme a dDi ec f he S a egic e-C mme ce/

e-G e me I i ia i eDepa me f Ma agemeS u heas e L uisia a U i e si y

The Blogging Revolution:G e me i he Age f Web 2.0

E-GovErnMEnt SErIES


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t A B L E o F C o n t E n t S

Foreword ..............................................................................................4

Executive Summary ..............................................................................6

Part I: The Rise of Blogging in the Public Sector ..................................9

Introduction .................................................................................10 M i g t wa d Ci ize E gageme i a vi ual Age ...............10 Y u! ..........................................................................................11

Blogging in the Public Sector ........................................................14 P eface .....................................................................................14 Bl ggi g op i s f Public officials .......................................15 C g ess Bl gs ........................................................................16 the Cu e S a e f Bl ggi g i G e me ...........................18

Case Study in Organizational Blogging: STRATCOM .....................29 Say Yes, Si Bl ggi g...........................................................29

A Guide for Public Sector Bloggers ...............................................31 o e iew .................................................................................31 H w D I Bl g? ........................................................................33 Less s Lea ed f ma d i he Bl g sphe e .....................33 10 tips f Bl ggi g by Public Sec E ecu i es ......................38

A Final Thought on Public Sector Blogging ....................................40

Part II: Blogging as a Social Phenomenon ..........................................41

The Rise of User-Generated Media ...............................................42 A Sec d Ge e a i f he I e e .......................................42 E e Web 2.0 ...........................................................................43

S cial ne w ki g ....................................................................43Blogging 101..................................................................................49

A B ief His y f Bl ggi g .......................................................49 the ne Big thi g a I e e Was ela d? ......................49 t u i g he Bl g sphe e ..........................................................51 Why Bl g? ................................................................................52

Corporate Blogging ........................................................................56 I duc i ..............................................................................56 the Bl ggi g CEo ....................................................................57 Bl ggi g a d I e al C mmu ica i s/ope a i s ..................59 M i i g he Bl g sphe e .....................................................62 Empl yee Bl ggi g ...................................................................62 Bl ggi g P licy ........................................................................65

Conclusion .....................................................................................66


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Part III: Future Research on Public Sector Blogging ............................67

Directions for Future Research .....................................................68 Bl ggi g resea ch o e iew ....................................................68 the roI f Bl ggi g .................................................................68 Bl ggi g Beha i resea ch .....................................................69

Appendix: Glossary of Terms Used in Blogging and Web 2.0 .............71

References ........................................................................................77

About the Author ...............................................................................90

Key Contact Information ....................................................................91

Please note that the online version of this report contains hot linksto each of the websites discussed or listed in the report. Due to

the nature of online publishing, links may have changed or becomeinactive in the time since this text was authored.


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IBM Ce e f the Busi ess f G e me4

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o behalf f he IBM Ce e f the Busi ess f G e me , wea e pleased p ese his ep , the Bl ggi g re lu i :G e me i he Age f Web 2.0, by Da id C. Wyld.

the e lu i f s cial e w ks a d bl ggi g is fi ally c mi g g e me . Si ce he daw f he 21s ce u y jus se e sh yea sag , h w we c mmu ica e as a s cie y has begu cha ge apidly.o e 60 milli i di iduals mai ai a bl ga use -ge e a ed li e

j u al upda ed egula ly by he au h f he bl g.

E e m e pa icipa e i s cial e w ks such as Faceb k, MySpace,a d Sec d Life, which all all w i e ac i i y am g hei use s.G e me , h we e , has bee m e cau i us i e e i g his eww ld. this ep desc ibes wha he au h e ms bl g ee s, pi -

ee s i he use f bl gs i g e me .

D . Wyld e ami es he phe me f bl ggi g i he c e f he la ge e lu i a y f ces a play i he de el pme f hesec d-ge e a i I e e , whe e i e ac i i y am g use s is key.this is als efe ed as Web 2.0. Wyld bse es ha bl ggi gis g wi g as a l f p m i g ly li e e gageme

f ci ize s a d public se a s, bu als ffli e e gageme . Hedesc ibes bl ggi g ac i i ies by membe s f C g ess, g e s,ci y may s, a d p lice a d fi e depa me s i which hey e gagedi ec ly wi h he public. He als desc ibes h w bl ggi g is usedwi hi age cies imp e i e al c mmu ica i s a d speed hefl w f i f ma i .

Based he e pe ie ces f he bl g ee s, Wyld de el ps a se f less s lea ed a d a checklis f bes p ac ices f public ma ag-e s i e es ed i f ll wi g i hei f s eps. He als e ami es heb ade s cial phe me f li e s cial e w ks a d h w

hey affec ly g e me bu als c p a e i e ac i swi h ci ize s a d cus me s.

Albe M ales

t dd ramsey


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www.busi ess fg e me . g5


Albe M alesMa agi g Pa eIBM Ce e f the Busi ess f G e mealbe .m [email protected] m

t dd ramseyGe e al Ma ageIBM Gl bal G e me I dus y

amsey @us.ibm.c m

We h pe ha his ep b h i f ms a d i spi es public ma age sac ss g e me c side ways f e gagi g i he ew w ld f Web 2.0 imp e ci ize access public se ices, as well as e ha ce dem c acy i u s cie y.


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E x E C U t I v E S U M M A r YE x E C U t I v E S U M M A r Y

the e ca be d ub ha he I e e has p f u dlycha ged u w k, u li es, u e e ai me , a d

u p li ics. n w he I e e i self is u de g i gpe haps i s m s adical cha ge e e , as we a e seei g

wha ma y e pe s ha e c i ed he de el pmef Web 2.0.

Wi h Web 2.0, he e is a sea cha ge ccu i gwhe ei he web has bec me a uly pa icipa ymedia; i s ead f g i g he web ead s a icc e , we ca m e easily c ea e a d sha e u

w ideas a d c ea i s. the ise f wha has beeal e a ely efe ed as c sume - use -ge e a edmedia (c e ) has bee hailed as bei g ulyg u db eaki g i a u e. this abili y c ea e webc e by simply ypi g w ds a d p i i g a d

clicki g, wi h u ha i g k wanything ab uc mpu e p g ammi g, has bee u ed by timBe e s-Lee, he de el pe f he W ld Wide Web,as bei g much m e i li e wi h he igi al isi

f wha he web sh uld be. F m he pe spec i e f Jeff ey C le f he Ce e f he Digi al Fu u e a heU i e si y f S u he Calif ia, hese ew ls a e

hi g sh f e lu i a y i ha hey le a y edis ibu e hei ideas p e ially e s f milli s f pe ple. I s ally e e sed he wh le his y f massc mmu ica i s ( pi i ci ed i K blum, 2006,

.p.). I fac , i Decembe 2006, he edi ial s aff f Time magazi e amed y u as i s pe s f he

yea . the magazi e ec g ized ha he c llec i eeff s f milli s f i di iduals we e fas eshapi g

he I e e a d he way we li e u li es.

As f 2007, we a e s ill likely i he ea ly s ages f he de el pme f wha will bec me Web 2.0.

H we e , bl ggi g is ce ai ly a he f ef f Web 2.0 ech l gies. I a u shell, a bl g ca bediffe e ia ed f m a websi e i ha i is a web

ehicle ha is easie c ea e a d upda e, ypicallyby simply ypi g i a p ep g ammed i e face.F m a defi i i al pe spec i e, a bl g efe s a

li e j u al ha ca be upda ed egula ly, wi h

e ies ypically displayed i ch l gical de .While bl gs w e c mpass ly e bu idea d audi as well, i is ge e ally accep ed ha if hei di idual p s s, i ems, a icles ca be li ked

sepa a ely ia a pe mali k ( a he he jus li ki g he wh le si e), he he si e i ques i is

a bl g. Bl gs a e als c mm ly efe ed as awebl g web l g, wi hblog used as he sh f m

f hese e ms.Blog is als a e b, mea i g w i ea a icle such a li e j u al.

As de ailed i his ep , bl ggi g is a ac i i y

ha is i c easi gly m i g f m he f i ges hemai s eam, wi h i e se i e es i b h c p a eAme ica a d public ffices as h w j i hec e sa i . the e a e cu e ly 60 milli bl gsi e is e ce as f Ap il 2007, a d he bl g sphe e( he sum f all bl gs) is g wi g a a apid a e, wi he e y e f m ee age s, CEos, a d, yes, p li i-cia sf m he halls f C g ess ci y halls ac ssAme icaj i i g i he c e sa i . I he e d,bl gs may well bec me, as AoL vice P eside BillSch ei e desc ibed hem, a al his y f u

imes (eMa ke e , 2005c). thus, i will be i cumbeup public sec leade s a d p i a e sec e ecu-

i es s ay ab eas f he de el pme f he bl g-gi g phe me .

I his esea ch ep , he au h e ami es hephe me f bl ggi g i he c e f he la ge

e lu i a y f ces a play i he de el pme ede el pme f a sec d-ge e a i I e e .

I he fi s pa f he ep , he s a e f bl ggi gac ss he Ame ica public sec is e ami ed,


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seei g h w pi ee i g leade s (le s call hembl g ee s) i he public sec a e maki g use

f his ew ech l gy f s e imp ed c mmu i-ca i s b h wi h hei c s i ue cies a d wi hi

hei ga iza i s. Bl ggi g is fas bec mi g a ewl f p m i g li eand ffli e e gageme .

the au h p ides a c mp ehe si e assessme da e f he bl ggi g ac i i ies f u d ac ss all le els

f g e me , i cludi g bl gs f m:

Membe s f C g ess

C g essi al c mmi ees a d caucuses

G e s a d lieu e a g e s

S a e legisla s

Ci y ma age s a d may s

P lice a d fi e depa me sC llege a d u i e si y p eside s

this ep i cludes a case s udy f he e pe ie ce f he U.S. S a egic C mma d (StrAtCoM), which

has led he way i usi g bl ggi g a sf m hecul u e a d fl w f i f ma i , p mp ed by he

eed f speed i figh i g days challe ges.Public fficials a e e c u aged e gage i bl g-gi g i he h es , pe , a d c sis e ma e

ha is equi ed p m e ci ic a d ga iza-i al e gageme a d ul ima ely succeedihis e ci i g ime i he his y f u dem c acy.

t facili a e his f he eade , he ep e ami eshe less s lea ed by hese bl g ee s a d p ese s

a se ies f ips f public sec bl gge s, based a a alysis f he bes p ac ices a ailable day.

I he sec d pa f his ep , he ise f bl ggi ga d use -ge e a ed media is e ami ed as a wides cial phe me , which ma y a e w c m-m ly efe i g as Web 2.0. I Bl ggi g 101,a e iew f he his y f bl gs a d he g w h

a d di e si y f he bl g sphe e is p ese ed. theep he e ami es h w bl ggi g has ake h ldi he c p a e ealm, a d h w leadi g fi ms a di a i e e ecu i es a d c mpa ies a e e e i g

he bl g sphe e. Bl ggi g is als e ami ed as aeffec i e mecha ism f imp i g i e al c mmu-

ica i s a d f ma agi g k wledge, p jec s,shif s, a d e e he c p a e cul u e. the p e iald w sides f bl ggi g, i e ms f b h he pe s alp duc i i y a d empl yme issues as well as he

secu i y a d liabili y c ce s, a e e ami ed. theimp a ce f m i i g he bl g sphe e f whais bei g said ab u y u a d y u ga iza iis discussed.

I he hi d pa , a esea ch age da f s udyi g

he impac a d effec i e ess f bl ggi g a d fde el pi g usable me ics f assessi g he u ili ya d e u i es me (roI) f bl ggi g i heu ique e i me f he public sec is p e-se ed. the ep dis i guishes be wee bl ggi gf p li ical campaig s a d f admi is a i f g e me , a d hus he e eeds be a g ea deal

f esea ch as h w he w i e ac a d p idesy e gy as well as c flic . the ep als l ksahead fu u e di ec i s i b h ech l gy a ddem c acy. new Web 2.0 ech l gies ha a eeme gi g (such as Sec d Life, which is al eadyd awi g p li ical i e es ) a e e ami ed.

W i i g i Public Opinion Quarterly i 2003, Je i gs a d Zei e bse ed ha a y a emp assess he impac f he I e e he Ame icapublic a d public life i Ame ica i l es sh i ga a m i g a ge (p. 311). thus, his ep s a dsa bes as a s apsh f he ea ly ad a ce f a ide

f cha ges ha will be c mi g ab u i all aspec sf u li es, i cludi g g e me a d g e a ce

i he age f Web 2.0.

10 Tips for Blogging byPublic Sector Executives

Tip 1: Defi e y u self a d y u pu p se.

Tip 2: D i y u self!

Tip 3: Make a ime c mmi me .

Tip 4: Be egula .

Tip 5: Be ge e us.

Tip 6: Ha e a ha d hide.

Tip 7: Spell-check.

Tip 8: D gi e much i f ma i .

Tip 9: C side mul imedia.

Tip 10: Be a s ude f bl ggi g.


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Part I: The Rise of Blogging in thePublic Sector


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Introduction

Moving Toward Citizen Engagementin a Virtual AgeW i i g i Foreign Policy, D ez e a d Fa ell (2004)hi up a amazi g eali y f m de life. t day,u like a a y ime i he ad a ce f his y, pe plesimply l ge eed lea e hei h uses pa -

icipa e i a e lu i . Wi h he ad e f ewech l gies, ew mea s ca be used f s e

li e e gageme , i b h he i di idual a d c l-lec i e se se, a d c ea e ew dial gues be weeg e me a d ci ize s (reece, 2006).

I Si t e ds t a sf mi g G e me , se ileade s f he IBM Ce e f the Busi ess f G e me ide ified e gagi g ci ize s i g e -

me as e f he key e ds ha a e eshapi gh w g e me w ks a d, i eali y, h w we asci ize s ela e a d hi k ab u u g e me .they c mme ed:

rep ese a i e dem c acy has bee he adi-i al app ach f h w dem c a ic g e -

me w ks. I he U i ed S a es, his ccu sh ugh C g ess, s a e legisla u es, a d ci y

halls. I h se f ums, i f med a d delibe a-i e deba es ca ccu , esul i g i c llec i e

decisi s. Bu i he pas decade, a i c eas-

i g e d has bee he c ea i f b adedi ec e gageme wi h ci ize s i i f m-i g a d maki g decisi s ha affec hem.tech l gy is begi i g c ea e a ew se

f f ums ha all ws his a la ge scale.this ech l gy e e ds f m he adi i alf um f ci ize pa icipa i i g

ew a d i a i e app aches, such as heuse f su eys, wikis, a d bl gs (Ab ams ,B eul, a d Kame sky, 2006, p. 20).

S e e Clif (2006) f Publicus. e summed up hepa ad f pa icipa i f g e me s a all le -els a u d he w ld: o e all, u pa liame s a dci y c u cils ha e app ed billi s f ech l gyi es me s f g e me admi is a i bu e yli le ha will help hem c ec wi h a d be e

ep ese ci ize s ( .p.). the cha ges ccu i g ili e ci ize pa icipa i i g e me , whe he

efe ed as Dem c acy 2.0, Ci ize ship 2.0, G e a ce 2.0, a e e y eal. I is i ic ha suchl w-c s f ee Web 2.0 ls a d f ums ca ha es much impac imp i g c mmu ica i s a d

he w ki gs f g e me . Likewise, buildi g he c cep s f G af a d Da (2004), we ha e ea ly

e ide ce ha li e i flue ials a e m e ac i ei b h li e a d eal w ld p li ics a d g e -

me affai s. thus, we may be a he cusp f seei ga be e le a d much m e i e ac i e ci cle f e gageme a d pa icipa i .

this ep e ami es he phe me al g w h f bl g-gi g, i he c e f he la ge e lu i a y f cesa play i he de el pme ede el pme f asec d-ge e a i I e e . We discuss wha mighbe labeled the vi ual Family M saic, as sh w iFigu e 1, a alyzi g he ise f a m e accessible,i e ac i e I e e . I he fi s pa f his ep , we pl e he s a e f bl ggi g ac ss he Ame ica

public sec , seei g h w pi ee i g leade s (le s callhem bl g ee s) a all le els a e maki g use f hisew ech l gy f s e imp ed c mmu ica i s

b h wi h hei c s i ue cies a d wi hi hei ga i-za i s. I he sec d pa f his ep , we ake al k a he ise f bl ggi g a d use -ge e a ed mediaas a wide s cial phe me , which ma y a e wc mm ly efe i g as Web 2.0. We he e pl eh w bl ggi g has ake h ld i he c p a e ealm,a d h w leadi g fi ms a d i a i e e ecu i es a d


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c mpa ies a e e e i g he bl g sphe e ( he sum f all

bl gs). We e ami e s me f he e y eal be efi s f bl ggi g a d s me f he e y eal pe s el a d p l-icy issues ha a e aised by bl ggi g. I he hi d pa ,we he l k ahead fu u e di ec i s i esea chi g

he de el pme f hese ew e gagi g ech l giesa d fu u e e ds i ech l gy a d dem c acy.

Acc di g M Zucke ma (2005), edi -i -chief f U.S. News & World Report, Bl gs a e a sf mi ghe way Ame ica s ge i f ma i a d hi k ab u

imp a issues. I s a e lu i a y cha gea dhe es u i g back ( .p.). the e d is clea hahe bl g sphe e will c i ue g w, a d wi h ha

g w h, i will bec me m e a d m e c mm fhighly placed c p a e e ecu i es a d public ffi-cials bec me bl gge s hemsel es. I fac , e he

e few yea s, h se public fficials wh d bl gmay bec me suspec as why hey d use his

ew ech l gy as a c mmu ica i s medium c ec wi h b h hei i e al ga iza i s a d

hei wide c s i ue cies. W i i g i he p es igi us j u alForeign Policy, D ez e a d Fa ell (2004)c mme ed: Al h ugh he bl g sphe e emai sclu e ed wi h he ee age a gs f high sch l s u-de s, bl gs i c easi gly se e as a c dui h ughwhich di a y a d -s - di a y ci ize s e p ess

hei iews i e a i al ela i s a d i flue cea p licymake s decisi maki g ( .p.).

o e ca ea . Bl gs a e i c easi gly bei g used as a s a-ple f campaig websi es; wi ess he e d f 2008p eside ial ca dida es a u ci g hei i e i s i

ide p s s hei websi es (Healy, 2007). H we e ,his ep d aws a s ic dema ca i be wee he use

f bl gs by fficeh lde s a d by ca dida es. While

he busi ess f g e me is i e icably ied hebusi ess f campaig i g, all membe s f C g essmus abide by fede al elec i guideli es keepsepa a e hei fficial ffice busi ess (a d hei webac i i ies) f m hei campaig eff s. Likewise, s a ea d l cal fficials adhe e simila legal a d e hicalb igh li es. While republica s a d Dem c a s maya gue e which pa y k ws he m s ab u bl ggi ga d bl gs (Gl e , 2006a), he e d is wa d bl gs asbei g a key pa f b h g e i g a d campaig i g.this was made e e m e clea whe , i Ma ch 2006,

he Fede al Elec i C mmissi ec g ized heI e e as a u ique a d e l i g m de f mass c m-mu ica i a d p li ical speech ha is e emp f mcampaig fi a ce ules because i is a f m f media(Gl e , 2006b).

As f 2007, we a e s ill i he ea ly s ages f heWeb 2.0 e lu i . this ep s a ds a bes asa s apsh f he ea ly ad a ce f a ide f cha ges

ha will be c mi g ab u i all aspec s f u li es,i cludi g g e me a d g e a ce.

You!C side e e y bl g, e e y bl g p s , e e y c m-me a bl g, e e y ackback a bl g, e e y

ide a d audi file p s ed he I e e (e eh se ha i l e cha ac e s f mStar Wars silly

da ces b h pu ge he ). Sepa a ely, heymay seem i cu us i a e, a d hey uly meeLi c l s es f bei g li le ed l g emem-be ed. Ye , c llec i ely, hey ca be see as hi gless ha e lu i a y.

Blogging

Social Networking

User-Generated Media

Web 2.0The Internet

Figure 1: The Virtual Family Mosaic


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Whe he i is e med by a alys s as Web 2.0, use - c sume -ge e a ed media, s cial e w ks,

he e is a sea cha ge ccu i g whe ei he web hasbec me a uly pa icipa y media. the ise f whahas bee al e a ely efe ed as c sume - use -ge e a ed media (c e ) has bee hailed as bei g

uly e lu i a y i a u e. F m he pe spec i e f Jeff ey C le f he Ce e f he Digi al Fu u e a heU i e si y f S u he Calif ia: t ls he ne ,f m bl ggi g ide s, le a yb dy be a publishea d j u alis . I le s a y e dis ibu e hei ideasp e ially e s f milli s f pe ple. I s ally

e e sed he wh le his y f mass c mmu ica i s

( pi i ci ed i K blum, 2006, .p.).

We a e ce ai ly a a i flec i p i i he e l -i g his y f he I e e . this is because f he ise

f he ew y u phe me . C side ha :

I Ju e 2006, Business 2.0 magazi e a kedhe 50 m s imp a pe ple i busi ess

day. the lis was full f he usual suspec s,like Bill Ga es, op ah Wi f ey, S e e J bs,rupe Mu d ch, richa d B a s , Wa eBuffe , Jeff Bez s, a d he G gle Guys

(Se gey B i a d La y Page). H we e , helis was pped by a su p isi g ch ice: y u.the Business 2.0 magazi e s aff (2006) ch sey u (mea i g all f us) because wi h head e f use - c sume -ge e a ed media,we a e e e i g a w ld f he c sume asc ea ( .p.).

I Decembe 2006, he edi ial s aff f Time magazi e amed y u as i s pe s f heyea . the magazi e ec g ized he c llec i e

eff s f milli s f i di iduals ha a e faseshapi g he I e e a d he way we li e.

Time ec g ized y uagai mea i g allf usf seizi g he ei s f he gl bal media,

f f u di g a d f ami g he ew digi aldem c acy, f w ki g f hi g a d bea i g

he p s a hei w game (G ssma , 2006).Times ma agi g edi , richa d S e gel, said

ha he magazi e made i s decisi based he fac ha we jus fel he e was a si gle

pe s wh emb died his phe me (qu ed i McSha e, 2006, .p.).

Mic s f Chai ma Bill Ga es has ca eg izedhe ise f use -ge e a ed c e he web

as hi g less ha a fa as ic hi g (Swishea d M ssbe g, 2006, p. r6).

I Decembe 2005, Business Week magazi edubbed days y u h as he MySpace Ge e a-

i , m e accu a ely, as Ge e a i @,due he way hey a e c mf ably e is i gb h i he eal w ld a d he i ual e(Hempel a d Lehma , 2005).

Ce ai ly, Web 2.0 has ga e ed he a e i f

jus he p ess, bu big busi ess as well. the yea2006 saw headli es made whe G gle b ughY utube f $1.6 billi a d rupe Mu d chsnews C p acqui ed MySpace f $580 milli(Ha ey, 2007). Ma ke e s a e als seei g s cial

e w ki g si es (SnS) as a bu ge i g a d a ac-i e audie ce, wi h a alys s p edic i g ha ad e is-

i g SnS si es will su pass $2 billi a ually by2010 (vasquez, 2006). Ye , da e, why has heWeb 2.0 e lu i ca ied e g e me

Blogs in the Congressional Record

the fi s me i s f bl ggi g ha e al eady made hei appea a ce i c g essi al deba e:

the fi s me i f bl ggi g i heCongressional Record g es Se a olympia S we (r-ME), whichccu ed i 2006. Se a S we made he efe e ce i a deba e e he p p sed c s i u i al ame dme

p hibi bu i g f he Ame ica flag. Speaki g i supp f he ame dme , S we said: W i e le e s he edi . S a a websi e. C ea e a bl g. o ga ize. Leafle . Ma ch. Cha . Speak u . Pe i i . D a y a d all f hese hi gs, bu d bu u flag (qu ed i Hy es, 2006, .p.). Se a Pa ick Leahy (D-vt) esp ded:

the C s i u i is a bl g f e i g p li ical pi i s, cu yi g fa wi h e s, yi g bump up sag-gi g p ll umbe s (qu ed i Gl e , 2006c, .p.).

the fi s me i f a bl g i a Se a e mi a i hea i g ccu ed i 2006 du i g he c fi ma i hea i gs fChief Jus ice J h r be s. Se a J h C y (r-tx) asked he s - -be Chief Jus ice a ques i based ap s he had ead he igh bef e he v l kh C spi acy bl g (h p://www. l kh.c m/ ) (Gl e , 2006a).
http://www.volokh.com/http://www.volokh.com/


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a y g ea e e ? F m he pe spec i e f Ge yMcG e , a ed e pe wha he has labeled he c e e lu i : L k a he way Amaz

aps i he buyi g habi s f cus me s, h weBay uses i g a d a i g. I s he Wisd m f C wds c cep ha James Su wiecki w e ab u

i his b k, a d i w ksu de ce ai ci cum-s a ces. H we e , I ha e see e y li le f haac i i y i he g e me w ld, e e a he basicle el. the e a e ma y bl gs g e mewebsi es, a d few p li icia s admi is a se gage wi h c s i ue s usi g hese ech iques(qu ed i DAg s i , 2006, .p.).


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Blogging in the Public Sector

Preface[A] websi e, i m s cases, is a s a ic c l-lec i f d cume si f ma i - ich bu

f e pe cei ed by si e isi s as a dead

b chu e, i s pages f e w i e bya ym us au h s i a impe s al, pub-lic- ela i s s yle. A webl g, h we e , cab i g a ice f au he ici y a websi e,wi h a m e pe s al a d e gagi g e

ha has wide appeal. Du i g he dep es-si e a f he 1930s, U.S. P eside F a klir se el bega usi g he mass c mmu ica-

i medium f adi add ess he Ame icape ple ab u public issues i a se ies f whahe called fi eside cha s. the effec i e ess f

hese add esses was i pa due FDrs abil-i y deli e hem i a i f mal a d ela ed

e, while maki g he lis e e feel as if hewas alki g di ec ly hem. Likewise, he

adi add esses by Wi s Chu chill du i gWW II. Al h ugh he issues a e less weigh ya d he audie ces as ly smalle , a webl g (bl g) ffe s a ci ic leade he same pp u-

i ya e- - e c e sa i wi h a audi-e ce f ma y (Wigley, 2005, .p.).

I a u shell, a bl g ca be diffe e ia ed f m awebsi e i ha i is a web ehicle ha is easie c ea e a d upda e. F m a defi i i al pe spec i e,a bl g efe s a li e j u al ha ca beupda ed egula ly, wi h e ies ypically displayedi ch l gical de . While bl gs w e c mpass

ly e bu ide a d audi as well, i is ge -e ally accep ed ha if he i di idual p s s, i ems, a icles ca be li ked sepa a ely ia a pe ma-li k ( a he ha jus li ki g he wh le si e), he

he si e i ques i is a bl g. Bl gs a e als

c mm ly efe ed as a webl g web l g, wi hblog bei g he sh f m f hese e ms.Blog is alsa e b, mea i g w i e a a icle such a

li e j u al. Please see he Appe di f ae e si e gl ssa y f bl ggi g a d Web 2.0 e ms.

As de ailed i he a alysis i he sec d pa f hisep , bl gs a e a fas -g wi g pa f he wide

s cial phe me f Web 2.0. I he w ld f public affai s a d ac ss he public sec , bl gsa e bec mi g m e espec able, acc di g He yFa ell, p fess f p li ical scie ce a d i e a i alaffai s a Ge ge Washi g U i e si y (qu ed iGl e , 2006c, .p.) Budd (2005) p jec ed ha hep i cipal be efi s f bl ggi g i g e me a e c mmu ica e di ec ly wi h he c mmu i y, bypassi g

b h i e al a d ews based edi ial c l a d gi e a huma face f e m li hic ga iza-i s ( .p.). I fac , i e ume a i g he be efi s f

bl gs i g e me , Be G dwi f USA.g (2006)u ed he fac ha bl ggi g pu s a huma face

g e me , [a d] makes g e me m e pe . ( .p.). I deed, Bill Ga es cha ac e ized bl ggi g asbei g all ab u pe ess. Pe ple see hem as a

eflec i f a pe , c mmu ica i e cul u e hais af aid be self-c i ical (qu ed iKi kpa ick, 2005, .p.).

Bl gge s a d bl g eade s ha e als bee ca eg -ized as bei g a a ac i e, diffe e audie ce f

b h public a d p i a e sec ga iza i s. As wewill see i he dem g aphics f bl gge s a d bl g

eade s i he sec d pa f his ep , hey a e be -e educa ed, m e di e se, a d m e u ba ha he

Ame ica p pula i as a wh le. Als , f m a p li i-cal pe spec i e, bl g eade s a d au h s a e m ep li ically i l ed a d i e es ed i b h he li ea d ffli e w lds. the bl g audie ce was fi s


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desc ibed as bei g p li ical i flue ials h ughhe w k f G af a d Da (2004), wh f u d ea ly

e ide ce ha bl g eade s li e ac i i ies a sla ei eal-w ld p li ical i flue ce. thei s udy fGe ge Washi g U i e si ys I s i u e f P li ics,Dem c acy, a d he I e e f u d ha 69 pe ce f

bl g eade s a e pi i leade s wi h hei immedia eci cle f f ie ds, family, a d c -w ke sa d wi h

he audie ce hey each i hei w bl gs. As such,he li e bl g audie ce was c mpa ed by D . Da

h eybees, ki d f feedi g he cul u e wi h hei f ma i hey ga he a d wi h hei c mme s a ddia ies a he si es (qu ed i Gl e , 2006c, .p.).Gle rey lds, he au h f An Army of Davids , ab k he e pl si f bl ggi g, ece ly summa-

ized his idea i bse i g: Bl gge s a d bl g- ead-e s a e i flue ials he mi i y ha pays a e i

e e s u side f p li ical a d ews cycles(qu ed i J h s , 2006, .p.).

I July 2004, he -chai ma f he Fede alC mmu ica i s C mmissi (FCC), MichaelP well, bega a bl g help ge i pu p licyissues. Chai ma P well s a ed:

o e eas I am pa icipa i g i Alwaysone w ks bl g is hea f m he ech c m-mu i y di ec ly a d y ge bey d he

adi i al i side he Bel way Washi gw ld whe e l bbyis s fil e he echies. I aml ki g f wa d a pe , a spa e , a dme i c acy-based c mmu ica i a i-bu es ha bl gge s a e fam us f ! regula edi e es s ha e ab u a 80-yea head s a

he e ep e eu ial ech c mmu i y whei c mes i f mi g egula s wha heywa a d eed, bu if a y e ca make upf ha , Silic valley ca . this is imp -

a jus f Silic valleyi s esse ial i su e ha Ame ica has he bes , m s

i a i e c mmu ica i s i f as uc u e

(P well, 2004, .p.).

P well esp ded c mme s made his bl g,c mplime i g he pa icipa s f he imp essi eb ead h a d dep h f hei i pu (al h ugh a y-m us c mme e s did ques i he chai ma a

a ie y f ff- pic issues, i cludi g why H wa dS e had bee epea edly fi ed by he FCC f dis-cussi g se ual pics ha op ah Wi f ey had alsfea u ed he ele isi sh w, wi h epe cussi s)

(A ym us, 2004). He bse ed ha he bl g wasa amazi g way hea he iews f b igh pe plewh sha e a passi f he di ec i f u c u y(P well, 2004, .p.). While he e was c i icism f hiseff s f uly bei g a bl g, he eff s ill s a dsas a imp a miles e f public sec bl ggi g by

a high- a ki g fede al fficial (G dwi , 2006).

Blogging Options for Public OfficialsWe ca de el p a yp l gy f f u diffe e ypes

f bl gs f public fficials, adap ed f m heC g essi al Ma ageme F u da i (2005):

The Travel Blog: Highligh s elec ed fficialsa els i a d a u d hei dis ic ju isdic-

i , pe haps f eig ips.

The Blow-by-Blow Blog: Emphasizes ep sf m elec ed ep ese a i es while hei espec-

i e delibe a i e b dy is i sessi . I his way,fficials ca upda e c s i ue s he s a usf pe di g bills a d he ac i s.

The Personal Blog: P ides elec ed fficialsiews pa icula issues, pe spec i es

e e s, a d/ upda es hei ac i i ies a de e h se f hei families a d f ie ds.

The Team Blog: All ws a caucus g up f elec ed ep ese a i es/ fficials sha e a bl g.F e ample, he o eg H use Dem c a sha e a j i bl g (www. eg h usedem c a s.bl gs.c m) whe e all 31 Dem c a s i he S a eH use f rep ese a i es ca c mmu ica ewi h c s i ue s ac ss he s a e. C ea i g ac mm si e educes he bu de i di idual

fficials admi is e he bl g, while c ea i ghe p spec f m e f eque upda es becausef he umbe f c ibu s he bl g.

A fi al p i f bl ggi g by public fficials is p s he bl gs a he ha mai ai e f hei w .

By p s i g such a hi d-pa y si e, such as ha f aewspape magazi e, he fficial is f eed f m ha -i g mai ai he bl g. F e ample, day i is qui ec mm f membe s f he Se a e a d H use u-

i ely p s u de hei w ames si es like:

the Hill Bl g ( h p://bl g. hehill.c m/ )

the Huffi g P s (h p://www.huffi g p s .c m/ )

the Daily K s ( h p://www.dailyk s.c m/ )
http://www.oregonhousedemocrats.blogs.com/http://www.oregonhousedemocrats.blogs.com/http://blog.thehill.com/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/http://www.dailykos.com/http://www.dailykos.com/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/http://blog.thehill.com/http://www.oregonhousedemocrats.blogs.com/http://www.oregonhousedemocrats.blogs.com/


17/99



H we e , ce a p s is made a he bl g, hemembe d es l se c l f he abili y c l hemessage a d he c mme s made i i he bl g -sphe e (Pid , 2006). Als , he e is f e skep icism i

he bl g sphe e whe a y fam us ame appea sass cia ed wi h a p s , whe he i be o. J. Simps

p s i g ab u f ball J h Ke y p s i g ab u ap li ical issue. I fac , whe he eal Se a J hKe y p s ed he Daily K s si e, Ma k s M uli sas,

he bl gs igi a a d admi is a , had p s ae ifica i message ha he bl gge i deed wasthe

J h Ke y (te dima , 2006).

Congress BlogsAcc di g he C g essi al Ma agemeF u da i (2005), membe s f C g ess we e a bisl w pick up bl ggi g. this is due a a ie y

f fac s, i cludi g:

U c lled a d u fil e ed a u e f he medium

Lack f p essu e e gage i bl ggi g (f mpee s a d he public)

W ies ab u cedi g c l f es message

Lack f web sa y/access i dis ic s wi h pa d/ u al p pulaces, maki g bl ggi g a dI e e p lls less effec i e ways c mmu i-ca e wi h c s i ue s

time ma ageme a d he dema di g w kl adeach membe al eady ca ies (DAg is i , 2006;Chapma -n , 2005; te dima , 2006).

n w, h we e , skep icism ab u bl ggi g is u i gi cu i si y ab u h w his ew Web 2.0 l cabe used c mmu ica e wi h c s i ue s i au ique way. As te dima (2006) pi ed, Sl wly,membe s f he H use f rep ese a i es a d heSe a e a e begi i g app ecia e he alue f bl gs ( .p.). rep ese a i e Ma k Ki k (r-IL), a ea lyc g essi al bl g ee , ece ly decla ed habl ggi g is apidly g i g bec me he d mi away we alk u c s i ue s, especially as s ailmail dies u (qu ed i te dima , 2006, .p.).

F h se i C g ess, bl ggi gas pp sed he f ms f c mmu ica i , which a e i ma y

ways c s ly a d i effec i eis als a welc mecha ge. I hei ep f he C g essi alMa ageme F u da i e i ledCommunicatingwith Congress: How Capitol Hill is coping with

the surge in citizen advocacy , Fi ch a dG ldschmid (2005) bse ed: Dem c acy issu ely s e g he ed whe ci ize s ha e he willa d he abili y e gage i he p licy-maki gp cess h ugh easie a d m e f eque c m-mu ica i wi h hei elec ed ep ese a i es.

Clea ly, ci ize s wa be e gaged i he dem -c a ic p cess, a d membe s ( f C g ess) wa hea f m, a d be esp si e , hei c s i u-e s. Ye , hei ep de ails ha despi e a fi e-f ldi c ease i he lume f e-mails a d he c m-mu ica i s i he pas w decades, c g essi -

al ffices ha e la ge s affs ha hey did f udecades ag . A d, whe faced wi h eams f elec ic a d pape messages ha a e mass ge -e a ed by a i us c s i ue cy a d ad cacyg ups, qui e f e he si ua i bec mes e -whelmi g f c g essi al membe s a d heis affs, lea i g pe ple seemi gly u f each.

Ce ai ly, a g d facili a i g s ep f C g esscame i Decembe 2006. the H use Admi is a iC mmi ee bega ffe i g he H use Web L gU ili y, which made i easie f c g essi al

ffices ffe bl gs hei fficial membe web-si es. the ac i came a he eques f H use mem-be s facili a e bl ggi g. the H use Admi is a iC mmi ee will make he c e f each c g ess-pe s s bl g sea chable h ugh a d i de ed

he ce al H use f rep ese a i es websi eh p:// www.h use.g (r gi , 2006a). the same ules f

he C mmissi C g essi al Maili g S a da ds( he F a ki g C mmissi ) will apply bl ggi g as

he f ms f media (such as maili gs, ewsle -e s, websi es, a d e-mails), a d membe s will s ill

be all wed use he bl ggi g s f wa e as l g asi mee s secu i y equi eme s (S e s ei , 2006).

table 1 page 19 lis s he 17 membe s f C g ess wh ha e e gaged i bl ggi g as f Ap il2007; Figu es 25 sh w s me f he bes f he

c g essi al bl gs.

As ca be see i table 1, he H use is m ebl g-e abled ha he Se a e. Gl e (2006d)c mme ed ha pe haps he eas f wha he

e ms he bl g di ide be wee he H use a dSe a e is as i sh uld be, as he a i s f u de s,af e all, desig ed he l we chambe as he ecl se he pe ple ( .p.). Wha a e he be efi s f c g essi al bl ggi g? F m he pe spec i e f
http://www.house.gov/http://www.house.gov/http://www.house.gov/http://www.house.gov/


18/99



Blogging Sparks an International Incident

the g i g huma i a ia a d mili a y c isis i Da fu has igh lya ac ed as am u s f media a e i . Si ce 2003, pe haps asma y as a qua e f a milli pe ple ha e died a d a es ima ed2.5 milli ha e bee disl ca ed i his wes e egi f Sudai a g i g c flic , which he -Sec e a y f S a e C li P welldecla ed i Sep embe 2004 be ge cide (nels , 2006).

H we e agic a d c e sial he Da fu c isis has bee , i is alsew hy i ha i is he fi s i e a i al i cide i l i g bl gs.

Ja P k had bee a u sp ke mi is e i w Du ch g e me sbef e bei g app i ed i 2004 as special ep ese a i e he Sudaby he -U i ed na i s Sec e a y-Ge e al K fi A a . Si ce hisapp i me , P k made se e al appea a ces bef e he U.n. Secu i yC u cil. He was hailed i he New York Times as a f ceful p ese ce

he c flic i Da fu , as he cha ac e is ically deli e s u fli chi g acc u s f he c i ui g mayhem a dp li ical b eakd w s i Suda i a he ical s yle ha i cludes fi ge -jabbi g a d d ama ic pauses f emphasis(H ge, 2006, .p.). F m Kha um, P k als became a f ceful p ese ce li e. S af e his a i al i 2004,he bega w i i g a bl g, ep i g he c flic wi h a j u alis ic a d f e u dipl ma ic eye, which made hisbl g equi ed eadi g f e e y e wa chi g Suda s wa - wes e egi cl sely (S eele, 2006).

P ks bl g d ew i e es ly am g j u alis s a d h sec ce ed ab u he c isis i Da fu , bu f m h se i he halls f p weas well. the U i ed na i s a d Sec e a y-Ge e al A a had beec ce ed ab u P ks u sp ke ess. C mme i g he a u e f

he bl g, S pha e Duja ic, sp kesma f he sec e a y-ge e al, said:th se iews a e e p essed by P k, a e his pe s al iews. the eha e bee a umbe f discussi s wi h M . P k ega di g his bl g a d

he e pec a i f all s aff membe s e e cise p pe judgme i whahey w i e i hei bl gs (qu ed i H ge, 2006, .p.).

the c isis e P ks bl g came a head i oc be 2006. P kep ed w ba les i which he Suda ese a my had fa ed well.

o his bl g, he c mme ed casual ies ha we e hea y, s ldie s ha efused figh , a d ge e als ha hadbee eplaced. He we ep i f ma i he m eme f ps, ma e ial, a d equipme , a d aa emp by he a my m bilize A ab mili ias make up f he l ss f p s e g h. A ha p i , he a mya d he uli g Suda ese g e me had eached hei limi wi h P k. the g e me i Kha um m ed

e pel P k e wha hey pe cei ed be his e - he- p beha i . Suda ese F eig Mi is y sp kesmaAli al-Sadiq ci ed as jus ifica i s f P ks e pulsi he la es s a eme s issued by M P k his websi e

ega di g se e e c i icism f he Suda ese A med F ces a d he fac ha he said he g e me f Suda is impleme i g he Da fu peace ag eeme (qu ed i S eele, 2006, .p.). P k was asked by A a e u new Y k f c sul a i s, a d he appa e ly will be e u i g he egi .

vic ta e f he J h s H pki s Sch l f Ad a ced I e a i al S udies, wh had bee i Suda a he ime

f he c e sy, ec u ed ha P ks bl g had i deed spa ked a up a i Suda . P fess ta e bse ed:C mme s he disa ay ha seemed be eig i g wi hi he Suda ese a med f ces was a amazi g hi g see i he bl g f a U.n. fficial. ref eshi g bu wild. tha he a med f ces had suffe ed hese l sses was s me-

hi g ha e e yb dy was alki g ab u as a um swa mi g a u d Kha um a d Da fu , bu i k a eweali y a d became he u h whe i was u e ed i p i by P k ( pi i ci ed i H ge, 2006).

P k has w i e a i sigh ful epil gue his s y a d he si ua i i Da fu . I ca be f u d his bl ga h p://www.ja p k. l/i de 120.h ml, al g wi h all f his ep i g a d c mme s b h his pe s al es sa d he much, much la ge egi al c isis.

Ja P k, f me U.n. Specialrep ese a i e Suda
http://www.janpronk.nl/index120.htmlhttp://www.janpronk.nl/index120.html


19/99



Se a (a d w p eside ial ca dida e) Ba ackobama (D-IL), bl ggi g is qui e be eficial.reflec i g his w bl ggi g e pe ie ce, obamabelie es: Whe I each u he bl g c mmu i y,i gi es me a pp u i y begi a dial gue wi ha e emely p li ically s phis ica ed a d ac i e

c mmu i y ha I he wise migh be able each. A he be efi f bl ggi g is ha , aspp sed deli e i g a speech, y u ge immedia e

a d u limi ed feedback, b h p si i e a d ega i e( pi i ci ed i te dima , 2006, .p.).

The Current State of Blogging inGovernment

Jus as i he p i a e sec (as will be discussed ihe sec d pa f his ep ), public fficials a e

fi di g bl ggi g be a e celle way c mmu i-ca e b h wi hi hei ga iza i s a d wi h heiwide c s i ue cies. this is e emplified by he apidg w h f bl gs c ea ed a d mai ai ed by public

fficials i he U i ed S a es a d ab ad. As f Ap il2007, he f ll wi g p si i ( age cy- ela ed) bl gsha e bee ide ified a all le els f g e me :

table 1: Membe s f C g ess

table 2: C g essi al c mmi ees a d caucuses

table 3: G e s/lieu e a g e s

table 4: S a e legisla s

table 5: May s

table 6: Ci y ma age s

table 7: P lice a d fi e chiefs

table 8: C llege a d u i e si y p eside s

I addi i , m e ha 100 bl gs we e ide ifiedha we e w i e by l cal ep ese a i es, ei he by

ci y/c u y c u cil membe s sch l/ he b a dmembe s. (A y e i e es ed i b ai i g a cu elis i g f hese bl gs may c ac he au hdi ec ly). S ill, as a wh le, bl ggi g is i i s i fa cyi aki g h ld am gs public fficials ac ss heAme ica la dscape.

officials a e c mmu ica i g wi h hei c s i ue -cies i a a ie y f ways hei bl gs. they a e

ep i g hei ac i i ies, e p essi g hei iews issues, ch icli g hei c ac s a d a els, a d

gi i g glimpses f hei pe s al li es a d i e es s.the e a e e e limi ed i s a ces f p li ical fficialsp s i g p dcas s a d he media f hei c s i u-e s lis e a d iew hei bl gs. I fac ,Se a obama has ake his bl g a sec dge e a i , as he w has a p dcas page (h p://

bama.se a e.g /p dcas / ).

Figure 2: Blog of Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)

Source: http://www.speaker.gov/blog/
http://obama.senate.gov/podcast/http://obama.senate.gov/podcast/http://www.speaker.gov/blog/http://www.speaker.gov/blog/http://obama.senate.gov/podcast/http://obama.senate.gov/podcast/


20/99



rep ese a i e bes -i -class bl gs f m all le elsf g e me a e p ese ed i Figu es 611.

these i clude:

Figu e 6: Bl g f Delawa e G e ru hA Mi e

Figu e 7: Bl g f new Me ic S a e Se aDede Feldma (D-Albuque que)

Figu e 8: Bl g f Ci y Ma age Da e rulle f Ke , ohi

Figu e 9: Bl g f May Bill Ge es f r u dLake, Illi is

Figu e 10: Bl g f Ge ge Esbe se , Fi e Chief f Ede P ai ie, Mi es a

Figu e 11: Bl g f t ws U i e si y P esider be Ca e

Table 1: Blogs of Members of Congress as of April 2007

Congressperson Date Started Locationrep. J h B zma (r-AK) Jul 2005 h p://www.b zma .h use.g /Bl g/ rep. Mike C away (r-tx) n 2005 h p://www.c awaybl g.c m/ Se . Ch is phe D dd (D-Ct) oc 2005 h p://d dd.se a e.g /i de .php?q=bl g/1rep. J h t. D li le (D-CA) Jul 2006 h p://d li le.h use.g /bl g/ rep. Ka he i e Ha is (r-FL) Ja 2005

(e ded Ja 2007;lef C g ess)

h p://ha is.h use.g /Bl g/

rep. De is Has e (r-IL) oc 2005(e ded Ja 2007;lef he Speake ship)

h p://www.speake .g /j u al/i de .sh ml

rep. Jack Ki gs (r-GA) oc 2005 h p://ki gs .h use.g /bl g/ rep. Ma k Ki k (r-IL) Ja 2005 h p://www.h use.g /ki k/bl g/ rep. J h Li de (r-GA) n 2005 h p://li de .h use.g /i de .cfm?fuseac i =Bl gs.H merep. Edwa d J. Ma key (D-MA) Dec 2005 h p://ma key.h use.g /i de .php? p i =c m_

c e & ask=bl gca eg y&id=475&I emid=87Se . Ba ack obama (D-IL) Ma 2005 h p:// bama.se a e.g /bl g/ rep. F a k Pall e, J . (D-nJ) Ja 2005 h p://www.h use.g /pall e/bl g/ rep. na cy Pel si (D-CA) Feb 2007 h p://www.speake .g /bl g/ rep. Mike Pe ce (r-In) Ma 2004 h p://mikepe ce.h use.g /bl g/ rep. Ge ge rada ich (r-CA) Feb 2006 h p://www. ada ich.h use.g /bl g.sh mlrep. Ja D. Schak wsky (D-IL) Sep 2005 h p://www.ja schak wsky. g/SchaBLoGsky/ abid/36/

Defaul .asprep. t m ta c ed (r-Co) Feb 2005 h p:// a c ed .h use.g /p ess/p ess_bl g.sh ml
http://www.boozman.house.gov/Blog/http://www.conawayblog.com/http://dodd.senate.gov/index.php?q=blog/1http://doolittle.house.gov/blog/http://harris.house.gov/Blog/http://www.speaker.gov/journal/index.shtmlhttp://kingston.house.gov/blog/http://www.house.gov/kirk/blog/http://linder.house.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=Blogs.Homehttp://markey.house.gov/index.php?option=com_%20content&task=blogcategory&id=475&Itemid=87http://markey.house.gov/index.php?option=com_%20content&task=blogcategory&id=475&Itemid=87http://obama.senate.gov/blog/http://www.house.gov/pallone/blog/http://www.speaker.gov/blog/http://mikepence.house.gov/blog/http://www.radanovich.house.gov/blog.shtmlhttp://www.janschakowsky.org/SchaBLOGsky/tabid/36/Default.aspxhttp://www.janschakowsky.org/SchaBLOGsky/tabid/36/Default.aspxhttp://tancredo.house.gov/press/press_blog.shtmlhttp://tancredo.house.gov/press/press_blog.shtmlhttp://www.janschakowsky.org/SchaBLOGsky/tabid/36/Default.aspxhttp://www.janschakowsky.org/SchaBLOGsky/tabid/36/Default.aspxhttp://www.radanovich.house.gov/blog.shtmlhttp://mikepence.house.gov/blog/http://www.speaker.gov/blog/http://www.house.gov/pallone/blog/http://obama.senate.gov/blog/http://markey.house.gov/index.php?option=com_%20content&task=blogcategory&id=475&Itemid=87http://markey.house.gov/index.php?option=com_%20content&task=blogcategory&id=475&Itemid=87http://linder.house.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=Blogs.Homehttp://www.house.gov/kirk/blog/http://kingston.house.gov/blog/http://www.speaker.gov/journal/index.shtmlhttp://harris.house.gov/Blog/http://doolittle.house.gov/blog/http://dodd.senate.gov/index.php?q=blog/1http://www.conawayblog.com/http://www.boozman.house.gov/Blog/


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Figure 3: Blog of Representative Mike Conaway (R-TX)

Source: http://www.conawayblog.com/

Figure 4: Blog of Representative Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-NJ)

Source: http://www.house.gov/pallone/blog/

Figure 5: Blog of Representative John Doolittle (R-CA)

Source: http://doolittle.house.gov/blog/
http://www.conawayblog.com/http://www.house.gov/pallone/blog/http://doolittle.house.gov/blog/http://doolittle.house.gov/blog/http://www.house.gov/pallone/blog/http://www.conawayblog.com/


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Table 2: Blogs of Congressional Committees and Caucuses as of April 2007

Committee/Caucus Date Started LocationU.S. Se a e C mmi ee E i me a d Public W ks;ra ki g Membe , Se . Jim I h fe(r-oK)

Ja 2007 h p://epw.se a e.g /public/i de .cfm?FuseAc i = Mi i y.Bl gs

republica S udy C mmi ee;Chai ma rep. Jeb He sa li g(r-tx)

n 2005 h p://www.h use.g /he sa li g/ sc/

H use C mmi ee Ag icul u eDem c a s; ra ki g Membe ,rep. C lli Pe e s (D-Mn)

Ma 2005(e ded Dec 2006)

h p://www.h use.g /ag icul u e/dem c a s/bl g.sh ml

Table 3: Blogs of Governors and Lieutenant Governors as of April 2007

State Official Date Started LocationC ec icu L . G e Ke i B.

Sulli a (D)Ap 2006 h p://ke i sulli a .bl gsp .c m/

Delawa e G e ru h AMi e (D)

May 2006 h p://www.s a e.de.us/g e /bl g/

I wa G e Che Cul e (D)a d L . G e Pa y

Judge (D)

Ap 2006 h p://www.g e .s a e.ia.us/bl g/i de .h ml

te essee G e Phil B edese (D) May 2005 h p://www. e essee.g /g e / iew A icleC e .d ?id=436

Wisc si G e Jim D yle (D) Ja 2005 h p://www.wisg .s a e.wi.us/j u al_media.asp

Figure 6: Blog of Delaware Governor Ruth Ann Minner

Source: http://www.state.de.us/governor/blog/
http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=%20Minority.Blogshttp://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=%20Minority.Blogshttp://www.house.gov/hensarling/rsc/http://www.house.gov/agriculture/democrats/blog.shtmlhttp://kevinsullivan.blogspot.com/http://www.state.de.us/governor/blog/http://www.governor.state.ia.us/blog/index.htmlhttp://www.tennessee.gov/governor/view%20ArticleContent.do?id=436http://www.tennessee.gov/governor/view%20ArticleContent.do?id=436http://www.wisgov.state.wi.us/journal_media.asphttp://www.state.de.us/governor/blog/http://www.state.de.us/governor/blog/http://www.wisgov.state.wi.us/journal_media.asphttp://www.tennessee.gov/governor/view%20ArticleContent.do?id=436http://www.tennessee.gov/governor/view%20ArticleContent.do?id=436http://www.governor.state.ia.us/blog/index.htmlhttp://www.state.de.us/governor/blog/http://kevinsullivan.blogspot.com/http://www.house.gov/agriculture/democrats/blog.shtmlhttp://www.house.gov/hensarling/rsc/http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=%20Minority.Blogshttp://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=%20Minority.Blogs


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State Legislators with Blogs LocationAlaska rep. J h C ghill h p://j h c ghill.bl gsp .c m/

rep. vic K h i g h p://alaskadis ic 14.bl gsp .c m/ rep. B b Ly h p://www.alaskadis ic 31.bl gsp .c m/

A ka sas rep. S e e Ha els h p://www.s e eha els .c m/bl g/ Calif ia Assembly membe L i

Ha c ckh p://l iha c ck.bl gsp .c m/

C l ad Se . Da G ssma h p://da g ssma . e /bl g.h mC ec icu Se . Bill Fi ch h p://www.billfi ch. g/bl g/ Ge gia Se . Da id Adelma h p://www.da idadelma .i f /

rep. S e e Da is h p://www.s e e-da is. g/bl grep. Pad Ma i h p://www.ma i s a eh use.c m/legis_bl g/ Se . Da id Shafe h p://www.da idshafe . g/

Hawaii Se . Ga y L. H se h p://ga yh se .li ej u al.c m/ rep. J riki Ka ama su h p://www.li ej u al.c m/use s/j iki/

Illi is rep. t m C ss h p://www.j i c ssbl g.c m/ rep. J h F i chey h p://www.j h f i chey.bl gsp .c m/ Se . Ch is Lauze h p://www.lauze .c m/bl g/ Se . Da ru he f d h p://www.da u he f d. g/ki d_ f_a_bl g.asp

I dia a rep. rya D ak h p://www. ya d ak.c m/ Se . Da id F d h p://se a da idf d.bl gsp .c m/ rep. S e e Heim h p://s e eheim.bl gsp .c m/

Ka sas rep. Mike Bu gess h p://www.mikebu gess. g/bl gMa yla d Delega e Sa dy

r se be gh p://delsa dy.c m/

Delega e richa d B.Weld , J .

h p://www. he e acle.c m/au h .cfm?MyAu h =23

Mi es a rep. ray C h p:// ayc . e /i de .h mlrep. Da D ma h p://ww3.h use.leg.s a e.m .us/membe s/webl g.asp?dis ic

=27A&lis ame= ep_Da _D ma _lisrep. De y Mcnama a h p://ww3.h use.leg.s a e.m .us/membe s/webl g.asp?dis ic

=57B&lis ame= ep_De y_Mcnama a_lis

Se . t m neu ille h p://www. m eu ille.c m/ rep. Ly Wa dl w h p://ww3.h use.leg.s a e.m .us/membe s/webl g.asp?dis ic

=38B&lis ame= ep_ly _wa dl w_lisrep. S e e Smi h h p://ww3.h use.leg.s a e.m .us/membe s/webl g.asp?dis ic

=33A&lis ame= ep_S e e_Smi h_lisrep. S e e S iggum h p://ww3.h use.leg.s a e.m .us/membe s/webl g.asp?dis ic

=28B&lis ame= ep_S e e_S iggum_lisrep. Ly Wa dl w h p://ww3.h use.leg.s a e.m .us/membe s/webl g.asp?dis ic

=38B&lis ame= ep_ly _wa dl w_lis

Table 4: State Legislators Blogs as of April 2007 (continued on next page)
http://johncoghill.blogspot.com/http://alaskadistrict14.blogspot.com/http://www.alaskadistrict31.blogspot.com/http://www.steveharrelson.com/blog/http://lonihancock.blogspot.com/http://dangrossman.net/blog.htmhttp://www.billfinch.org/blog/http://www.davidadelman.info/http://www.steve-davis.org/bloghttp://www.marinstatehouse.com/legis_blog/http://www.davidshafer.org/http://garyhooser.livejournal.com/http://www.livejournal.com/users/jonriki/http://www.joincrossblog.com/http://www.johnfritchey.blogspot.com/http://www.lauzen.com/blog/http://www.danrutherford.org/kind_of_a_blog.asphttp://www.ryandvorak.com/http://senatordavidford.blogspot.com/http://steveheim.blogspot.com/http://www.mikeburgess.org/bloghttp://delsandy.com/http://www.thetentacle.com/author.cfm?MyAuthor=23http://raycox.net/index.htmlhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=27A&listname=rep_Dan_Dorman_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=27A&listname=rep_Dan_Dorman_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=57B&listname=rep_Denny_McNamara_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=57B&listname=rep_Denny_McNamara_listhttp://www.tomneuville.com/http://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=33A&listname=rep_Steve_Smith_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=33A&listname=rep_Steve_Smith_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=28B&listname=rep_Steve_Sviggum_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=28B&listname=rep_Steve_Sviggum_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=28B&listname=rep_Steve_Sviggum_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=28B&listname=rep_Steve_Sviggum_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=33A&listname=rep_Steve_Smith_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=33A&listname=rep_Steve_Smith_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=38B&listname=rep_lynn_wardlow_listhttp://www.tomneuville.com/http://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=57B&listname=rep_Denny_McNamara_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=57B&listname=rep_Denny_McNamara_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=27A&listname=rep_Dan_Dorman_listhttp://ww3.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/weblog.asp?district=27A&listname=rep_Dan_Dorman_listhttp://raycox.net/index.htmlhttp://www.thetentacle.com/author.cfm?MyAuthor=23http://delsandy.com/http://www.mikeburgess.org/bloghttp://steveheim.blogspot.com/http://senatordavidford.blogspot.com/http://www.ryandvorak.com/http://www.danrutherford.org/kind_of_a_blog.asphttp://www.lauzen.com/blog/http://www.johnfritchey.blogspot.com/http://www.joincrossblog.com/http://www.livejournal.com/users/jonriki/http://garyhooser.livejournal.com/http://www.davidshafer.org/http://www.marinstatehouse.com/legis_blog/http://www.steve-davis.org/bloghttp://www.davidadelman.info/http://www.billfinch.org/blog/http://dangrossman.net/blog.htmhttp://lonihancock.blogspot.com/http://www.steveharrelson.com/blog/http://www.alaskadistrict31.blogspot.com/http://alaskadistrict14.blogspot.com/http://johncoghill.blogspot.com/


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State Legislators with Blogs Locationneb aska Se . Philip E dma h p://www.philipe dma .c m/ ews.h mlnewHampshi e

rep. Pe e Sulli a h p:// ep ese a i esulli a .bl gsp .c m/

new Me ic Se . Dede Feldma h p://se a feldma . ypepad.c m/ n h Ca li a rep. P icey Ha is h p://p iceyha is .bl gsp .c m/ ohi Se . Ma c Da h p://c i sf cha ge. ypepad.c m/

Se . E ic D. Fi ge hu h p://www.se a fi ge hu .c m/si e/pp.asp?c=bgKILtozE H&b=327285

o eg o eg H useDem c a s Bl g

h p:// eg h usedem c a s.bl gs.c m/

Pe syl a ia rep. Ma k B. C he h p://www.palegisla i .bl gsp .c m/ te essee rep. S acey Campfield h p://las ca .bl gsp .c m/

Se . r y He h p:// yhe .bl gsp .c m/ rep. Susa Ly h p://susa -ly .bl gsp .c m/

te as rep. Aa Pea h p://acapi lbl g.bl gsp .c m/ rep. richa d Pearaym d

h p://www. icha d aym d.c m/pages/mediace al.h m

U ah rep. Jeff Ale a de h p://www.jeff-ale a de .c m/ rep. J h D ugall h p://jd ugall. ypepad.c m/dy amic_ a ge/ rep. L ie F wlke h p://www. el ie.c m/defaul .asp?page=bl gsrep. S e e Masca h p://www.s e emasca .c m/bl g-s e e-masca .cfmrep. Mike n el h p://www.mike el.c m/bl g_i de .cfmrep. S e e U quha h p://www.s e eu.c m/ U ah Se a e Maj i y Bl gh p://www.se a esi e.c m/

vi gi ia Delega es K is eAmu ds a dB b B i k

h p://www.7-wes . g/

Delega e Ch is Sa ma h p:// ac s cu i g.bl gsp .c m/ Washi g Se . Phil r ckefelle h p://www.sdc.wa.g /2006/ ckefelle bl g.h m

rep. Deb Wallace h p://hdc.leg.wa.g /membe s/wallace/bl g.aspWisc si rep. Ma k P ca h p://ma kp ca .bl gsp .c m/

Wy mi g rep. Kei h Gi ge y h p://www.pla e jh.c m/ eambl g/BuildWy mi g/ BuildWy mi g.h ml

Source: Adapted and updated from the National Conference of State Legislatures (2006).

Table 4: State Legislators Blogs as of April 2007 (continued)
http://www.philiperdman.com/news.htmlhttp://representativesullivan.blogspot.com/http://senatorfeldman.typepad.com/http://priceyharrison.blogspot.com/http://coinsforchange.typepad.com/http://www.senatorfingerhut.com/site/pp.asp?c=bgKILTOzEoH&b=327285http://www.senatorfingerhut.com/site/pp.asp?c=bgKILTOzEoH&b=327285http://oregonhousedemocrats.blogs.com/http://www.palegislation.blogspot.com/http://lastcar.blogspot.com/http://royherron.blogspot.com/http://susan-lynn.blogspot.com/http://acapitolblog.blogspot.com/http://www.richardraymond.com/pages/mediacentral.htmhttp://www.jeff-alexander.com/http://jdougall.typepad.com/dynamic_range/http://www.votelorie.com/default.asp?page=blogshttp://www.stevemascaro.com/blog-steve-mascaro.cfmhttp://www.mikenoel.com/blog_index.cfmhttp://www.steveu.com/http://www.senatesite.com/http://www.7-west.org/http://vacostcutting.blogspot.com/http://www.sdc.wa.gov/2006/rockefellerblog.htmhttp://hdc.leg.wa.gov/members/wallace/blog.asphttp://markpocan.blogspot.com/http://www.planetjh.com/teamblog/BuildWyoming/BuildWyoming.htmlhttp://www.planetjh.com/teamblog/BuildWyoming/BuildWyoming.htmlhttp://www.planetjh.com/teamblog/BuildWyoming/BuildWyoming.htmlhttp://www.planetjh.com/teamblog/BuildWyoming/BuildWyoming.htmlhttp://markpocan.blogspot.com/http://hdc.leg.wa.gov/members/wallace/blog.asphttp://www.sdc.wa.gov/2006/rockefellerblog.htmhttp://vacostcutting.blogspot.com/http://www.7-west.org/http://www.senatesite.com/http://www.steveu.com/http://www.mikenoel.com/blog_index.cfmhttp://www.stevemascaro.com/blog-steve-mascaro.cfmhttp://www.votelorie.com/default.asp?page=blogshttp://jdougall.typepad.com/dynamic_range/http://www.jeff-alexander.com/http://www.richardraymond.com/pages/mediacentral.htmhttp://acapitolblog.blogspot.com/http://susan-lynn.blogspot.com/http://royherron.blogspot.com/http://lastcar.blogspot.com/http://www.palegislation.blogspot.com/http://oregonhousedemocrats.blogs.com/http://www.senatorfingerhut.com/site/pp.asp?c=bgKILTOzEoH&b=327285http://www.senatorfingerhut.com/site/pp.asp?c=bgKILTOzEoH&b=327285http://coinsforchange.typepad.com/http://priceyharrison.blogspot.com/http://senatorfeldman.typepad.com/http://representativesullivan.blogspot.com/http://www.philiperdman.com/news.html


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City Mayor Date Started Location

Albuque que, n.M. Ma i Cha ez Ma 2006 h p://www.cabq.g /bl gs/may /

A he s, Ala. Da Williams Dec 2006 h p://ci.a he s.al.us/May /bl g.h m

Da ie, Fla. t m t ue Feb 2005 h p://da ie. /Da tv/webl g.phpElbu , Ill. Jim Willey n 2004 h p://www.elbu .il.us/may sbl g.h ml

F a kli t w ship, n.J. B ia D. Le i e May 2006 h p://may le i e.li ej u al.c m/

oakla d, Calif. Je y B w Ap 2005 h p://je yb w . ypepad.c m/ (e ded whe he became A ey Ge e al

f Calif ia Ja ua y 2007)

Pa ke , C l . Da id Casia Ap 2006 h p://de e .y u hub.c m/Bl g.asp ?c e id=76721

P la d, o e. t m P e Ap 2006 h p://www.p la d li e.c m/may /i de .cfm?c=41986

readi g, Pa. t m McMah Ma 2005 h p://www. eadi geagle.c m/bl g/may / r u d Lake, Ill. Bill Ge es Jul 2005 h p://www.e u dlake.c m/bl g/

Sa F a cisc , Calif. Ga i news m Ja 2007 h p://www.sfg . g/si e/may _i de .asp

S me ille, Mass. J e Cu a e Ju 2006 h p://bl gs. w li e.c m/s me illeMay / S . L uis, M . F a cis G. Slay Ap 2005 h p://www.may slay.c m/desk/ valley Ce e , Ka . Mike Mcn w Ma 2006 h p://www. alleyce e ks. g/i de .

asp?nID=212Washi g , D.C. A h y Williams Aug 2005

( e m e ded Ja 2007)

h p://bl g.may .dc.g /

Wisc si rapids, Wis. Ma y J Ca s May 2006 h p://www.wisc si apids ibu e.c m/ apps/pbcs.dll/a icle?AID=/99999999/ Wrt0101/60505031& heme=MAYorBLoG&

empla e= hemeAmp hill, U i edKi gd m (UK)

Pe y F s e May 2006 h p://www.amp hill. g.uk/May sBl g.h m * t k e he bl g f m he p edecess ,Ma k Smi h, wh bl gged f m May 2005-May2006, a chi ed a :h p://www.amp hill. g.uk/

ews.h mr yal B ugh

f Ki gs upthames (UK)

Ma y reid Ja 2005 h p://www. eadmyday.c .uk/ma y eid

S ck tees (UK) Suza e Fle che Ap 2006 h p://www.s ck .g .uk/y u c u cil/ y u _c u cill s/may bl g0607/

Table 5: Blogs of Mayors as of April 2007
http://www.cabq.gov/blogs/mayor/http://ci.athens.al.us/Mayor/blog.htmhttp://davie.tv/DavTV/weblog.phphttp://www.elburn.il.us/mayorsblog.htmlhttp://mayorlevine.livejournal.com/http://jerrybrown.typepad.com/%20(ended%20when%20he%20became%20Attorney%20General%20%20of%20California%20January%202007)http://jerrybrown.typepad.com/%20(ended%20when%20he%20became%20Attorney%20General%20%20of%20California%20January%202007)http://jerrybrown.typepad.com/%20(ended%20when%20he%20became%20Attorney%20General%20%20of%20California%20January%202007)http://denver.yourhub.com/Blog.aspx?contentid=76721http://denver.yourhub.com/Blog.aspx?contentid=76721http://www.portlandonline.com/mayor/index.cfm?c=41986http://www.portlandonline.com/mayor/index.cfm?c=41986http://www.readingeagle.com/blog/mayor/http://www.eroundlake.com/blog/http://www.sfgov.org/site/mayor_index.asphttp://blogs.townonline.com/somervilleMayor/http://www.mayorslay.com/desk/http://www.valleycenterks.org/index.asp?NID=212http://www.valleycenterks.org/index.asp?NID=212http://blog.mayor.dc.gov/http://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://www.ampthill.org.uk/MayorsBlog.htmhttp://www.ampthill.org.uk/news.htmhttp://www.ampthill.org.uk/news.htmhttp://www.readmyday.co.uk/maryreidhttp://www.stockton.gov.uk/yourcouncil/%20your_councillors/mayorblog0607/http://www.stockton.gov.uk/yourcouncil/%20your_councillors/mayorblog0607/http://www.stockton.gov.uk/yourcouncil/%20your_councillors/mayorblog0607/http://www.stockton.gov.uk/yourcouncil/%20your_councillors/mayorblog0607/http://www.readmyday.co.uk/maryreidhttp://www.ampthill.org.uk/news.htmhttp://www.ampthill.org.uk/news.htmhttp://www.ampthill.org.uk/MayorsBlog.htmhttp://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/%20apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/%20WRT0101/60505031&theme=MAYORBLOG&%20template=themehttp://blog.mayor.dc.gov/http://www.valleycenterks.org/index.asp?NID=212http://www.valleycenterks.org/index.asp?NID=212http://www.mayorslay.com/desk/http://blogs.townonline.com/somervilleMayor/http://www.sfgov.org/site/mayor_index.asphttp://www.eroundlake.com/blog/http://www.readingeagle.com/blog/mayor/http://www.portlandonline.com/mayor/index.cfm?c=41986http://www.portlandonline.com/mayor/index.cfm?c=41986http://denver.yourhub.com/Blog.aspx?contentid=76721http://denver.yourhub.com/Blog.aspx?contentid=76721http://jerrybrown.typepad.com/%20(ended%20when%20he%20became%20Attorney%20General%20%20of%20California%20January%202007)http://jerrybrown.typepad.com/%20(ended%20when%20he%20became%20Attorney%20General%20%20of%20California%20January%202007)http://jerrybrown.typepad.com/%20(ended%20when%20he%20became%20Attorney%20General%20%20of%20California%20January%202007)http://mayorlevine.livejournal.com/http://www.elburn.il.us/mayorsblog.htmlhttp://davie.tv/DavTV/weblog.phphttp://ci.athens.al.us/Mayor/blog.htmhttp://www.cabq.gov/blogs/mayor/


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Table 6: Blogs of City Managers as of April 2007

City City Manager Date Started LocationChelsea, Mich. Mike S eklac May 2005 h p://chelseaci yma age .bl gsp .c m/ Da is , Mich. Pe e Auge Ju 2005 h p://ci y fda is webl gs. g/h ml/

pauge .h ml

Ede P ai ie, Mi . Sc neal Ma 2003 h p://ede p ai iewebl gs. g/sc eal/ Ke , ohi Da e rulle Ap 2006 h p://ke 360.c m/ Leesbu g, Fla. r S ck May 2005 h p://leesbu gfl ida.bl gsp .c m/ P la d, o e. Sam Adams Ju 2005 h p://www.c mmissi e sam.c m/sam_

adams/2006/02/bl g_l cal_h us.h mlP i Lake, Mi . F a k B yles Feb 2006 h p://www.ci y fp i lake.c m/bl g/ Sa a Paula, Calif. Wally B bkiewicz n 2004 h p://www.ci.sa a-paula.ca.us/bl g/ Sa as a, Fla. Michael Mcnees Aug 2005 h p://s qcm.bl gsp .c m/ Wes Des M i es, I wa Jeff P me a z Feb 2006 h p://wdmbl g.wdm-ia.c m/ Wy mi g, ohi r be Ha is Feb 2006 h p://www.wy mi g. h.us/i de .

cfm?fuseac i =h me. iewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287

Figure 7: Blog of New Mexico State Senator Dede Feldman (D-Albuquerque)

Source: http://senatorfeldman.typepad.com/.
http://chelseacitymanager.blogspot.com/http://cityofdavisonweblogs.org/html/%20pauger.htmlhttp://cityofdavisonweblogs.org/html/%20pauger.htmlhttp://edenprairieweblogs.org/scottneal/http://kent360.com/http://leesburgflorida.blogspot.com/http://www.commissionersam.com/sam_adams/2006/02/blog_local_hous.htmlhttp://www.commissionersam.com/sam_adams/2006/02/blog_local_hous.htmlhttp://www.cityofpriorlake.com/blog/http://www.ci.santa-paula.ca.us/blog/http://srqcm.blogspot.com/http://wdmblog.wdm-ia.com/http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://senatorfeldman.typepad.com/http://senatorfeldman.typepad.com/http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://www.wyoming.oh.us/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=26D00E1B-7E90-9BD4-CF018CAF6908A287http://wdmblog.wdm-ia.com/http://srqcm.blogspot.com/http://www.ci.santa-paula.ca.us/blog/http://www.cityofpriorlake.com/blog/http://www.commissionersam.com/sam_adams/2006/02/blog_local_hous.htmlhttp://www.commissionersam.com/sam_adams/2006/02/blog_local_hous.htmlhttp://leesburgflorida.blogspot.com/http://kent360.com/http://edenprairieweblogs.org/scottneal/http://cityofdavisonweblogs.org/html/%20pauger.htmlhttp://cityofdavisonweblogs.org/html/%20pauger.htmlhttp://chelseacitymanager.blogspot.com/


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Table 8: College and University Presidents with Blogs as of April 2007

Institution President Location

A iz a S a e U i e si y P eside Michael C w www.michaelc w. eCeda ille U i e si y (I wa) P eside Bill B w www. a ga.c m/billb wC l ad C llege P eside Dick Celes e www.c l ad c llege.edu/welc me/

p eside s ffice/bl g/ Michiga S a e U i e si y P eside L u A a K. Sim www.p eside .msu.edu/bl gred ri e C llege P eside Jeff Zabudsky www.c ec c. e /p esidet ws U i e si y P eside r be Ca e h p://p eside ca e . g/bl gt i i y U i e si y (DC) P eside Pa icia McGui e www. i i ydc.edu/ab u /p eside /bl gWe a chee valley C llege P eside Jim richa ds www.w cp eside .bl gsp .c m/

Table 7: Police and Fire Department Blogs as of April 2007

City/County Agency Date Started LocationB s , Mass. B s P lice

Depa men 2005 h p://bpd ews.c m/

Ede P ai ie,

Mi .

Ede P ai ie, Mi . Fi e

Depa me(Chief Ge ge Esbe se )

Ja 2005 h p://ede p ai iewebl gs. g/ge geesbe se /

Ede P ai ie,Mi .

Ede P ai ie, Mi .P lice Depa me(Chief r b rey lds) n e:P e i us Chief Da Ca lsbl gged Ju 2004Dec2006)

Ju 2004 h p://ede p ai iewebl gs. g/ b ey lds/

L s A geles,Calif.

L s A geles Fi eDepa me

Dec 2004 h p://lafd.bl gsp .c m/

L s A geles,Calif.

L s A geles P liceDepa me

May 2006 h p://www.lapdbl g. g/

Ma gal e,I dia

Dakshi a Ka adaP lice Depa me(Sup . Daya a da Ba ikal)

n 2005 h p://www.spdk.bl gsp .c m/

Miami-DadeC u y, Fla.

Miami-Dade Fi erescue Depa me

Ma 2004 h p://www.miami-dadefi e escue.c m/m dules/ webl g/i de .php?ca _id=2

n hfield,Mi .

n hfield, Mi . P liceDepa me(Chief Ga y G. Smi h)

Jul 2004 h p://ga ygsmi h. e /

n h Wales(UK)

va i us Jul 2006 Chief C s able richa d B u s m:h p://www. h-wales.p lice.uk/ wp/public/ e /bl gs/ iewbl g.asp?UID=1&CID=131

Depu y Chief C s able Cli e W lfe dale:h p://www. h-wales.p lice.uk/ wp/public/ e /bl gs/ iewbl g.asp?UID=2&CID=132

Assis a Chief C s able Ia Sha :read he Assis a Chief C s ables Bl gh p://www. h-wales.p lice.uk/ wp/public/ e /bl gs/ iewbl g.asp?UID=3&CID=130

tulsa, okla. tulsa, okla. P liceDepa me

May 2006 h p://www. ulsap lice. g/ pdbl g.h m
http://www.michaelcrow.net/http://www.xanga.com/billbrownhttp://www.coloradocollege.edu/welcome/%20presidentsoffice/blog/http://www.coloradocollege.edu/welcome/%20presidentsoffice/blog/http://www.president.msu.edu/bloghttp://www.connectrrc.net/presidenthttp://presidentcaret.org/bloghttp://www.trinitydc.edu/about/president/bloghttp://www.wvcpresident.blogspot.com/http://bpdnews.com/http://edenprairieweblogs.org/georgeesbensen/http://edenprairieweblogs.org/robreynolds/http://lafd.blogspot.com/http://www.lapdblog.org/http://www.spdk.blogspot.com/http://www.miami-dadefirerescue.com/modules/weblog/index.php?cat_id=2http://www.miami-dadefirerescue.com/modules/weblog/index.php?cat_id=2http://garygsmith.net/http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=1&CID=131http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=1&CID=131http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=2&CID=132http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=2&CID=132http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=3&CID=130http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=3&CID=130http://www.tulsapolice.org/tpdblog.htmhttp://www.tulsapolice.org/tpdblog.htmhttp://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=3&CID=130http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=3&CID=130http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=2&CID=132http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=2&CID=132http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=1&CID=131http://www.north-wales.police.uk/nwp/public/en/blogs/viewblog.asp?UID=1&CID=131http://garygsmith.net/http://www.miami-dadefirerescue.com/modules/weblog/index.php?cat_id=2http://www.miami-dadefirerescue.com/modules/weblog/index.php?cat_id=2http://www.spdk.blogspot.com/http://www.lapdblog.org/http://lafd.blogspot.com/http://edenprairieweblogs.org/robreynolds/http://edenprairieweblogs.org/georgeesbensen/http://bpdnews.com/http://www.wvcpresident.blogspot.com/http://www.trinitydc.edu/about/president/bloghttp://presidentcaret.org/bloghttp://www.connectrrc.net/presidenthttp://www.president.msu.edu/bloghttp://www.coloradocollege.edu/welcome/%20presidentsoffice/blog/http://www.coloradocollege.edu/welcome/%20presidentsoffice/blog/http://www.xanga.com/billbrownhttp://www.michaelcrow.net/


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Figure 8: Blog of Dave Ruller, City Manager of Kent, Ohio

Figure 9: Blog of Mayor Bill Gentes of Round Lake, Illinois

Source: http://www.eroundlake.com/blog/
http://www.eroundlake.com/blog/http://www.eroundlake.com/blog/


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Figure 10: Blog of George Esbensen, Fire Chief of Eden Prairie, Minnesota

Source: http://edenprairieweblogs.org/georgeesbensen/

Source: http://presidentcaret.org/blog/

Figure 11: Blog of Towson University President Robert Caret
http://edenprairieweblogs.org/georgeesbensen/http://presidentcaret.org/blog/http://presidentcaret.org/blog/http://edenprairieweblogs.org/georgeesbensen/


30/99



Case Study in OrganizationalBlogging: STRATCOM

Say Yes, Sir to BloggingAs will be discussed i he sec d pa f his

ep , ga iza i s a e disc e i g bl gs be ae celle l be e i e al c mmu ica i s a d

k wledge ma ageme . the bes g e me ale ample f such ga iza i al bl ggi g is g i g i pe haps he m s imp a f all public sec

ga iza i s day: he U.S. mili a y. I he Gl balWa te , he U.S. mili a y is lea i g hai f ma i , a d specifically i f ma i sha i g, isa key s a egic success fac . the 2006 Quad e ialDefe se re iew s a es ha he mili a ys emphasis isshif i g f m a emphasis ships, gu s, a ks,a d pla es f cus i f ma i , k wledge,a d imely, ac i able i ellige ce a d f m m -i g he use he da a m i g da a he use (Depa me f Defe se, 2006, p. ii). t d s

equi es iewi g i f ma i as a e e p ise asse be sha ed a d as a weap sys em be p ec ed(Depa me f Defe se, 2006, p. 48).

I is ge e ally ack wledged ha i figh i g e -ism, he cella d e e i di idual a u e f hee emys ga iza i mea s ha he mili a ysbu eauc acy ca be a g ea impedime successi his ew w ld. As Lieu e a Ge e al r beKehle e plai ed, t days e is m es a hespeed f i f ma i (qu ed i r gi , 2006b,

.p.). Ma i e C ps Ge e al James E. Ca w igh ,c mma de f he U.S. S a egic C mma d(StrAtCoM), ece ly bse ed: the mili a y hasa w de ful a i m called he chai f c mma d bu he chai f i f ma i is he chai f c mma d. Whe al Qaeda ca u ma eu e y uusi g Yah , we e g s me hi g w g he e(qu ed i r gi , 2006c, .p.).

the mili a y is ealizi g ha i s adi i al p-d ws uc u e, wi h l g decisi cycles a d e-wayfl w f i f ma i , is a g d fi f days

eeds. I is seeki g eplace he adi i alpush m del f i f ma i , whe e as am u s

f i f ma i fl w d w he field, i u da i gc mma de s wi h da a a d c sumi g p eci usba dwid h, wi h a pull m del, whe eby s ldie sca sea ch a d e ie e he igh i f ma i hey

eed a he igh ime (ra am, 2006). thus hemili a y is fas m i g a e w ked ba lefield(Ka zma , 2005). this is deemed i al day, as

eflec ed i he iew f Ge e al La ce Smi h, c m-ma de f he U.S. J i F ces C mma d: Weca pe a e agai s he e is s u il we gi e

u guys u he e figh i g i he field he same

capabili y, as much i f ma i as we ca , a d heau h i y ac ha i f ma i i eal ime(qu ed i r gi , 2006d, .p.).

StrAtCoM is w a he f ef f he mili a ysa emp s e amp figh he Wa te i heI f ma i Age. I esp se he h ea f a apidlye l i g e emy ha ca se se a d decide quickly,StrAtCoM is seeki g impleme 24-h u , eal-

ime, secu e c mmu ica i s f m ge e als wa figh e s (Kelly, 2006). the ce e piece f he effis he S a egic K wledge I eg a i (SKI-web). Pa

f StrAtCoMs classified e w k, SKI-web ishi g less ha a 24/7/365 i ual i ellige ce

mee i g, wi h bl ggi g a d cha as esse ial pa sf he pe a i . Bl ggi g is ce al Ca w igh s

eff s a sf m he cul u e a d i f ma i fl wa StrAtCoM. E e y e, f m ge e als f li ewa figh e s, is e c u aged bl g. Lieu e aGe e al Kehle , he depu y c mma de f StrAtCoM, bse ed ha SKI-web: We e peca d e c u age e e y e bl g. I fac , y u buy


31/99



y u way i he bl g wi h he alue y u add, he a k y u h ld. We ha e a c mma d chai i

StrAtCoM, a i f ma i chai , a i f sphe e,

if y u will, wi hi which c mma d is e e cised(r gi , 2006e, .p.). I side StrAtCoM, he -hie a chical, f ee fl w f i f ma i i bl gs isp i g be hi g less ha a e m us cul u alcha ge (Kelly, 2006).

While i is s ill ea ly ep he success f StrAtCoMs a sf ma i , he e a e sig s hai is payi g ff. o e a ym us ffice a he c m-ma d ep ed:

I am cu e ly assig ed USStrAtCoM.

I ca ell y u f m pe s al e pe ie ce hahe cu e 4-s a leade ship e e cises he

bl ggi g sys em wi h ma imum efficie cy. If he ge e als bel w him ge caugh by su p ise

w/ s me hi g hei u de li gs ha e p s ed, i sbecause hey we e checki g he bl g hem-sel esa d ha s wha he 4 s a e pec s.E e y e, f m he l wes a ki g pe s all

he way he 4 s a , sha es i he i f ma-i ealm a d is f ee p s i f ma i .

I f ma i is pe ishable, a d he ly way a id bu eauc acy is by s eamli i g he

deli e y me h d (qu ed i Kelly, 2006, .p.).

STRATCOM Commander General James Cartwright wa s facili a e pe c m-mu ica i wi hi he c mma d, ega dless f a k l ca i , a d has pu f h

he f ll wi g hesis:

the me ic is wha he pe s has c ibu e, he pe s s a k, age, le elf e pe ie ce. If hey ha e he a swe , I wa he a swe . Whe I p s a ques i

my bl g, I e pec he pe s wi h he a swe p s back. I d e pec he pe swi h he a swe u i h ugh y u, y u oIC (office -i -Cha ge), he b a ch chief,

he e ec, he Di isi Chief, a d he ge he ga bled a swe back bef e he shep s s i f me. the nap le ic C de a d ne ce ic C llab a i ca e is i hesame space a d ime. I s YoUr j b make su e I ge my a swe s a d he if hey gei w g hey c uld ha e g i igh e , he y u guide hem wa d a be e way ...bu d ge i hei way (qu ed i Defe se I dus y Daily, 2005, .p.).


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A Guide for Public Sector Bloggers

OverviewGall (2004) ap ly p edic ed ha he bl g e lu iis m e a p l ged i fil a i ha a sudde e -

h w ( .p.). H we e , i ime, bl gs may well

bec me, as AoL vice P eside Bill Sch ei e desc ibedhem, a al his y f u imes (eMa ke e ,

2005a). n w, wi h he i c easi g f eque cy f jusw ds (b h i e a d audi files), bu ide p s s aswell, bl gs may bec me a mul imedia his y b k.

S ill, he e will be fi s a d s a s. Wi ess wha hasccu ed i he s a e f te essee. Bill H bbs, a

bl g c sul a , s a ed a websi e called v lP ls(h p://www. lp ls.c m/), which he e isi ed asa p al f all membe s f he te essee H usea d Se a e a d heads f s a e age cies ha e hei

w bl gs f s e be e c mmu ica i s. Heffe ed s a e fficials b h f ee bl g h s i g a d

e e his pe s al bl g c sul i g. I he e d, hisidea, which Gl e (2006e) e ms a g d m delf he 50 s a es, has d aw ly w legisla i ebl gge s (rep ese a i e S acey Campfield a dSe a r y He ). H bbs las p s he bl gs a es ha he is c side i g e ampi g he c cep .

the L s A geles P lice Depa me s a ed a bl g(h p://www.lapdbl g. g/ ), spea headed by P liceChief William J. B a i May 2006. I spi ed by

he success f he L s A geles Fi e Depa me sbl g (h p://lafd.bl gsp .c m/ ), B a sees hep lice bl g as he ce e piece f he depa me sweb s a egy, wi h he ul ima e g al f ha i g he

le f law e f ceme fficials e l e f m dis-a ce p ec s a d apid esp de s ue pa -e s a d c dui s f mea i gful s cial cha ge

(qu ed i Glais e , 2006, .p.). While B a d esp s he si e a d uses i h s p dcas s f hisp ess c fe e ces, he si e is k w f h es

ep i g he ci ys c ime, much f i byLieu e a rube de la t e, wh has ea ed a ep-u a i f his D ag e -s yle p se (Glais e , 2006).

Wha s c mi g? the e a e ce ai ly i dica i s hapublic fficials a e e pe ime i g push he i uale el pe i he e a f Web 2.0 (see he sidebaA Sec d Life f P li icia s? page 32). takef i s a ce te as S a e rep ese a i e richa dPea raym d (D-La ed ). A e e a p li ical bl g-ge , raym d has mai ai ed his bl g (h p://www.acapi lbl g.c m/ ) si ce Ja ua y 2005. I Feb ua y

No Computer Skills Required

te as S a e rep ese a i e Aa Pea (D-Hidalg ) is a bl g ee i he L e S a S a e, hefi s te as s a e legisla mai ai a bl g. I fac , he ac ually has w bl gs:

h p://www.acapi lbl g.c m/ (f cused te as a d l cal issues)

h p://aa pe asqui e.bl gsp .c m/ (f cused a i al issues)

rep ese a i e Pea has bee called up speak his fell w te as legisla s a d he i e es ed audie ces his bl ggi g ac i i ies, e e h ugh he admi s ha his w k wledge f c mpu e s a d he I e e is p .

His ad ice his fell w lawmake s: I akes discipli e a d dedica i mai ai a bl g (Gl e , 2006f).
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2007, raym d, wh ep ese s a dis ic wi h ahea ily Hispa ic p pulace, a u ced ha hew uld add a ew bili gual ide bl g his li esi e. He h pes ha he ide bl g (usi g ide swhich he has made a d p s ed Y utube) will keepc s i ue s a d he media i f med issues a d

bills bef e he legisla u e. He als sees he ide

bl g as a useful l each u a d i l ey u ge ci ize s f all backg u ds i g e me .raym d (2007) s a ed: tech l gy has gi e us a

pp u i y keep u c s i ue s m e fullyi f med he imp a issues faci g u s a e.Wi h his ew l, I h pe b i g m e i sigh i

he legisla i e p cess, a d make i easie s ay

A Second Life for Politicians?

Bey d he ech l gical h iz we see day will u d ub edly be ew Web 2.0 f ie s f public ga iza i s,a d public sec fficials will eed s ay ab eas f hese de el pme s. take he bu ge i g Sec d Life phe m-e . C ea ed a d u by Sa F a cisc s Li de Lab, Sec d Life (h p://www.sec dlife.c m/ ) is a 3-D digi al u i-

e se whe e i di iduals e 3.3 milli as f Feb ua y 2007 ake i ual ide i ies, a a a s (Mesu e, 2007).Acc di g Li de (2006), he e a e w 50,000 p emium eside s ( i ual la d w e s) wh each m h spe dapp ima ely 7 milli h u s i -w ld; e half f hese i ual eside s a e f m u side he U i ed S a es.

H w big is Sec d Life? Al eady leadi g c p a i s, i cludi g Ame ica Appa el, Dell, nike, S a w d H els,S y, a d t y a, a e s aki g u a p ese ce i his i ual e i me (Ja a, 2006; Mesu e, 2007). La e lasyea , IBM e e held a w hall mee i g f i s empl yees i Sec d Life, led by he fi ms CEo, Sam Palmisaa d his a a a (LaM ica, 2006). Likewise, m e ha 70 c lleges a d u i e si ies, i cludi g UCLA, ha e buil

i ual campuses a d h ld classes i Sec d Life (olse , 2007).

n w g e me is e e i g he w ld f Sec d Life. F me vi gi iaG e Ma k Wa e was he fi s p li ic e e Sec d Life(G ss, 2007). rep ese a i e Ge ge Mille (D-CA), chai ma f heH use Educa i a d Lab C mmi ee, has i i ia ed he i ual H use

f rep ese a i es i Sec d Life. W ki g i c ju c i wi h hisf ie ds, filmmake Ge ge Lucas a d J h Gage, chief f esea ch fSu Mic sys ems, al g wi h he I e e ma ke e Clea I k, he i ualH use came ab u af e w weeks f w k. rep ese a i e Mille ece ly

ec u ed: na cy [H use Speake na cy Pel si] made me e plaiSec d Life he [Dem c a ic H use] leade ship, a d hey kep l ki g

a me wi h ha l k f, Wha a e y u alki g ab u ? (v de b uegge , 2007, .p.) I Sec d Life, he i ualH use s a ds e a i ual e si f he Washi g M ume a d he D.C. la dma ks. I a alm s su -

eal wis , s eami g ide f m he fi s life H use u i ely appea s i he Sec d Life e si , al g wi

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