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Page 1: x - Ms. Daley Sciencemsdaley.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/2/0/8720335/final_review_answers.pdf · ,y\ 19-la ^vii^fiui%sxei^me do^ not' aX rule' A V' aAaffecbsp^cifi substraresAe Sy/ /W
Page 2: x - Ms. Daley Sciencemsdaley.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/2/0/8720335/final_review_answers.pdf · ,y\ 19-la ^vii^fiui%sxei^me do^ not' aX rule' A V' aAaffecbsp^cifi substraresAe Sy/ /W

XXXX , X / \ X \ X x X \ X \ / \ x \ X X \ / \ / \ / x / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ . /Bxbecau'se of adhesion' •• \ . • because water expands when itxfreezes X

A .\ x x x X .< X x x, x x x x x x x x X

& a hydrogen bond, >x—<v % x.p X X X x

^/'xd:\;double>c'oYalent bond!. / \ XX > i - - f x X

'1Q^ Qsrygeri has .S efctaroiis.. •:^ ch-'bojidx'S)ir6vild ydu,exp,ect.toxfiLrid holding fogelierxariX^xygeil mfoleculeX^X >QQ<P<^^^^Q<y W W ; ^ ^ K i W v V v --.A ^ >X XXX/cXa' sln'gle^byalerit "bbhd/

X / y X / v. ^/ \x X / \ / " '' , 1'Ixlii a-CiiciiiicaixickcUoiiX , X X \ X\ / ' ,-X. Xx x \ / . -'X, .'\ A />• Xx X \ A. A X - / X X a. : products are combined to form reactants X A. X XX V \ x A / X / y \ . ' x / \y ^ .-• v \y x , \ X \ x x

N .x \ X x b: Xp'roducts are"combinedxbutxn6x new substances ate foriried'. X X X X X ' A ' n X \ X \ X \ / " ' X /% A \ / \ / \ • XxXXxA , \ xx xx X\ x \

'XyXxX^t^x^Reactan^^ x •/ XdX Re^c3^te^e'^^bin^d^bu£W newsubstances".are\f6rmed/

valence electrons. When a sodium atom loses>an x13. Sodtumy(Na)xhas^nxato of 11. Sodium has \ 'electron it becomes a X-- X X \ X X . X \ / X x^p^Q^e/pega^yel ion.\x'X<

V \ B i o c n e m i s t i y A X X A A A ' X X

\ i _ unsaturated fat

3_ |'—- dehydration synthesis 4. «% hydrolysis

6. 5 . _ T ^ _ C 6 H 1 2 0 6 v

-T> polymer

\ 7. 0* peptide bond

9. enzyme

_ x C12H22O11

organic^catalystXx XX \ x \ . x • X ' \/ x / \ / \ / \ / \ X / ' > / X X X .< X XX ,- X x \ / x X X /

- bvmplecule m'ade'u.p of repeating stibuiiits'x X X^XX X - ' : c. VHpid containing G'-Odoublexb^bn'ds)/ V xXx X X /

V X V '"X V V V X' x / x/ X / / x X \ fXXx'' \ x ^-(^jn^ect^-tv^o "agrhno ac idsXX/^XXXXXXX^'^xXXX^vx eXbuilding o ,

g. dlsacchaiide •,x\.X' /xXXx'X''^ >h.\iigdsti6n is acp6^p^'h^bj..tbi^eic^6n

x/ \x x / x x / \ / \ / \ / - / x A v x \ x A X \ x ' X X \ X \ / ' \ X \ x J • g ^ b A x X X X X \ A X v XX

11. Label the diagram-below using the following words: enzyme-substrate complex, actiy^-stteXenzyrtte, )substrate^ product:

x J*"' \ :

X<Afe><

,12. List .two envkoiunentalxfactors that .can-change and enzyme's rate-of .actionX^X /

\ / \ / \ / X X x* \ / \ / \ X / \ v . A - \ / \ X x / -13..-WliicLterm best-describes salt that-has- been mixed .into a beaker of water? \ / \ X X . / \

X^£>61ute X X^X" /b7. mixture % , , z. isotope , ' d. solventxX

Page 3: x - Ms. Daley Sciencemsdaley.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/2/0/8720335/final_review_answers.pdf · ,y\ 19-la ^vii^fiui%sxei^me do^ not' aX rule' A V' aAaffecbsp^cifi substraresAe Sy/ /W

, y \ 19-la ^vii^fiui%sxei^me^ do not' aX rule' A V ' aAaffecbsp cifie substraresAy S/

/ W v y v v x y v v A X AX v A X ' \ A b,/sj eed,upxchenalcarre A / ' \ y{^cemaApAiAh \/ yA- dXuAiAthekXactioywith^ the' sub strafes/ * ' V 2Q< &u£ats, s1archeXcelIul6se,>hd pdier similar organicXompd.unds which, contain dnly eatbon/hydro •/- v V y . v y y y v V y y y y y y y y V y y y y v v y v v y v & x' A v v • ca i ied/y /y / \ / \ A / y / y \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / X . X A A X A . X

v

A y A a - amino acidsxAy AA-b^Ate^y X nucleic a&ds\yAy Xparbohydfates y V v V / V V A V W A X X X X / X X S J C ^ X X X X :>

^ I A A M M • • / \ - A / y / y A . / \ A

\ ><A/o^gX,sid^bei^

y AyX°^l^'A K >^A<fX ' ' 'XS <yX X>-d.yxygen;andliydXget side(b ' ' x / N ' ' x ' x / X / x

: A22. Wlaic^ ^al^entAtrue? y ' \ ^/sim^l^sugars^e/iSk^e^f polysafcchaiidey

x \ / \ gvg^yc^pFis iiadfe of fatty; acidsA' y y AJteNAAdlek;^ ' x A / y \ / y \ / y y \ / \ / y - \ / V x / X

\ / y / \ dxamino acids are/made of proteinsXA, A X, /x / \ / \ / \ A / \ /x / \ V \ A Xx / \

\/"23. Pat molecules/and "carbohydrateAoieciileXontaih large amounts7 of energy Because y y y \y A yy A A y x/ - - A y - x A, y y y / xX y y yx \ / yx A,? A y x A ' x •y y / x , y ay xpont contain many, hydrogen bondsy

X x}\ A / ^£[}><^<&x^ A A A c A Both -ate easily dissolved in water.

A x A y y / A X y x y x x x / X y y y A /\ / \ X • y \ y \ y y y A B ? A F - P ° y A \ / y

^24. What two, molecules are produced when two glucose molecules are chemically .bonded togedier? X , x A ,\'• X - A A -A A- X- r x\ /'\ A / w \ , , A / j A x x -A A A y A X \ y A y s X A ' y A ^ / s J p 1 a V a v y D ^ A y X / b ) a polypeptide and oxygen x< / . y X X \ > / AxxX, y ^ N ( ^ ^ < ^ ^ i ^ a ^ s ^ i J E ^ ^ y A ^ s d. axpolyXcchaiidyand C02 x

XX 25 WMch'is>dycorrfect order from smallest td largSst?\x / \ y y x y \ X y y \ - y . v \ y y , v y A A \ / \ x y v X>A-A a.. Amino acid, atomx&peptide, electron,-protein,' protonX X X X y/d-^^'^c^rij proton -atoA,ymm A \ / X

/ \.-AX^proton,''protein, electron; atom,,dipeptidex amino acidAy X, \ X \ 1 / v y U \ - ' " / V V \ A / / ' \ / " y y \ / \ / V \ X A XX xx.d> - none of these. X xx Xx / x , A XA / A AA A X XX XX /

X X xx ^/ y xy \ / -v X/ // y . X/ /x X/ y y xx \/ y x,/ x / y y xy \/ y \ x -y y y \y- y x/ y y X/ A /26, MariyJand-plants storfe energy^ , A / X , . A / / / \ Xy A- , y x x . x y x \ A . A / \ y \ y.. y y y y / X x A /X- A A A X- A / \ / x A X- A /X AX / / A xy cqnstttuent partsyTms cnemicy reaction, p

ya." aminoxacidy b.''Rpidsx A^^X^Apsaccharides y \ d x R N $ chains Xx ynucleo|ides x

Page 4: x - Ms. Daley Sciencemsdaley.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/2/0/8720335/final_review_answers.pdf · ,y\ 19-la ^vii^fiui%sxei^me do^ not' aX rule' A V' aAaffecbsp^cifi substraresAe Sy/ /W

Cell Biology,

lyWhdwaVthe f i f st persdn tox^ / Ok'N / \ YTA ^/£\&*&±Vxife>/-±/'\• * w ^ . A > . A V ^ V ^ I Z \ I A J X L A J A A A_A w \ / X xY /' X a^^tfeii<Hd6lik( b x //ttchow\ cXAdton van Leeu^enKoekf d:,Theqdbr;Sch^ann

o\wn/:_i>C_r.±i.-Vr-il-i _ -¬X A A A A- .A. A . ,R A x r

~ K A P <-l,X —11 < - l A ~ A D

xa. YAJl-Hving things are composed of one or more/cells'. \ ' N / vx \ A ' \ / \ . - ' r \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ A \ / \

v X X / X X Trie bell is th'e B AA A/ y V V A x A A A X V y V xX x / xy& x / y, x / x,/ ox/ x / / XX XX y < V £ells/bnly' conid from pre-eastingxceEs/by/divisioa

V X X X . X \ / X A A... Ay y \ y \ y X y \ / \ / XX X X / X X'-/' \ ' X ' X / X X X X X Y X ' V X ' V ' X ' V V Y X i ' Y W Y A x / x A A A x \ Xx x y \ Ax x A x

Xx 3xThe' n 'crbscopesxybu used ih class havdaXOXxbailaXle^ so'that yoXaidalsXlooldng'tixtougXYx

/ X x/ xx' v v V f v ' . v v X' V .V y \ / yr Ax y _ X A Y / ' xx y ' AX A / v \ / A / y \ y \ / \ / y A X / x y / y \ X the high-power-.(40x) objective-lens, with.whaf fotd-mkgmncataohxwillyou see yourxsp'ecimen?x / y y X X y y X \ A / \ / x

x X X X ><a>sox< X X X i > V o x X X X X X o X X X d 3 o o x ; v x x x x ^ x / x x ^ A x x x x x x -xx v v y xx y y xx y x -• y x-- xx \ / xx v y v y y xx xx xx x / yx \ Y A A y x / A y x X x Y y A y y . Y \ A / \ X X X x X y A x y X A y x y / v X / \ A.XX-V A y 4'. Whic^iorganelle isxinvplved in me,.production otprotein?yX y x x ^ x \ / \ y x> / X X X x x

X -yXXXyribpsomes X x \ Y^yb^ lysXsomes X y K / \ / c - 9 ^ x x y X \ X \ X X ^ X ° P A S X x x'x A'x xXXx x'x Yx /X X X /A XX x'A XX / X Y / . Y X X .X / , X X X x X X X, Xx Y, Xx

x y X MoXceHsXX^gY^ ' )•'(' XX X a r ^ N ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \ X . Y: Yell membrane ' X X S X xX< 'X-X"Y(> X X X ' X X x X x x " x x X X V X ' Y X X 6XWliich,cell part is. coirecdyJmatched td'4tsyfiihction?X X

A Xx y XX r x.x 'x-' ,x, xy y x,x x,x Y xx X-' xx x/ y A.x'XXy'Xz.ribosdmes — makesugafx/ x y ' X / X Y \ X X \ X x s A x / ' x 1). cell membrane — contains genetic code Y y / ' X /

X-T X ' X c X cidoiopksty c^n^o^xcdixdmsi<^n /XyX XX x,y xx A y xxx \ / ,x, -y- x/^yx x/ ' yx \-' y X"'" A X x ' '••'' ' X.A A x ' x y a y ) mitochondria Aproduce usable /enetgyx xxx /'\AX

XA x y A / y y A A yXXxXXXA V V X X A ' " X - A A , X \ y y

A A / x A ' x x / Y : X x > / X / X X / X ' r X X ; x X X \ XX X -Y X

7.x' X chxorgarieUexis feDresehted;b'y"diexpictareaf the right? - X > A A A Xy .y.'' '\/'' X X 'X / A X / 'A .A A y x^y A X N /' -.X

a/mitochondria-yy x ^y ' \b . chloroplasi, X ^ l p X ' W - ' ^ ^ X X X'x X < X X X Xd xvaCuoleX

xd^ vacuole

q 0 ^ x k

r ^ Y w x -

>ldXWhich- direction will water move; 'in, the abo^ddiagram? x ', x- \ x y \y X/-' A/ '\X x y ' y' A / XA yy x y yy x x,,°x x x-- • . X x

Xdp' the X n e e n ,'-6»)/down theXoncentration gradient, out ofxfhe.cell'. X X

x y y xx y y y xx-' y , / X ' 6 y A y y -,/ \--' x / %/ b. x.uD^tbe concentrafibfixDrndienf. Infoxthe cfelly

x/ \ / \ / y y \ y x y yy \ y yy. AA y y A,./ yy .yy x , x A y y xc.y down thexconcentrationx gradient,- into -uie cell^

xXyilx^M'o.st^solutic^s^e'X^ rabstXcX/Ky&'sv^ dloleculei aire dissolved

M'a luteX' lv-fent(b>s61u^xsblutida'' A Vcy ia lu t e^^h l t i onA x-yXs°lXntXsoluie/ X A - - ' ' X x / x x Y x - x x y y y y v x X X y y v v x X / y y y y ' \ x y \ / \ / v \ / x

> X A A X X V XX X X A X X X V V V" >XXXAXYX X V X X X x - , X Y X V W W ' . yi2^Oi0B3^ms^ob^^eiid:^i6t<^dx ce& xby'bte^in^O^<fob4m^lec^e§ to'fbrrn>ATP. This -processYs \ A ./ A 5 / / X / y/ y/ y - y x/ \ / -,/ y/ A' y - y & \ / y \ ' \ / \y 'x./x- y xy y / y , / \ / \/ \y ' - ' /yy,,photbsyhthesis /\X\y-b.,,ifitosisX\y'yxXrepUcatiohyy\X\Xfx-^^ x X / N / v

xy /K x x -X xx xx xx xx xx xx A xx / x XxAx xx xx, A A \ ^ V . A A ,

nxas y

Page 5: x - Ms. Daley Sciencemsdaley.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/2/0/8720335/final_review_answers.pdf · ,y\ 19-la ^vii^fiui%sxei^me do^ not' aX rule' A V' aAaffecbsp^cifi substraresAe Sy/ /W

What organelles are iehtes&t^&Yfeada\>£ tkeYrrows;below?' V x- x - ' A x \ / / ••••/ A ./ xx \ J . / xx xx • / V' /

/ \ / \ / XXXxXx A

X ^ O W X A k / x /

£ x < X K

/ M A T C H I N G ;

M . EquiBbrium<

;i6..< K Hypotonic .

X X X j ^ d s b t O n i c N X x x v fx y X / XX XX X /

x18X v-> ,Osmbsis\xA X \ y x X X X A xA A \ X

A/Movement, of moleculesYrom an area of greater concentration to a n a r e X f / v \ / ' - / V - v ' V V V ' V V V v 6 V " y V \ X / X A x / y \

Alesser concentra t ion/ \ / \ / " x X y X X X x \ / ' v A / \ / y X' X3 .Xiffusibn o f water acro^sX XXX X / X A X X /

X v y x X X x X- "x 'X' X • ' v'. y X / A v x X X X^S61utesconGeritratiodNis^ V X < \ x Xx / - . / \ - y / / \ y x / \ / y / \ y ' y \ x x / y y / y y / \ / \ / -x / y y y y x . DxBalance, molecules-are, equally xspread'butXN / y y y / A , ' \ / y X X / y y \

X X M o i A s o l u t X \ x \ / A \/ y/ y--; yy y/ Xy y y/ yy A y •

XlXLess'\olute outride the"cellywater enters the'cellx X 49,FILL IN;:

./ y \s*\S X/ \s \y x/ y y

iX^tcrti^pnyX^' >Xx xlight'reactidn. j G M v i f i X \ A

p i g m e n t

^EpatoGteiidxiay \ y

y X X X \ y X X -'x X y y y X X X X X X X x x x x y x X y X X X X x XfcXfl» WW>iSXis;an organism thatis able t</make4tsb'wn fbo'd.;Green.plants are organisms whose cella cohfain< X x X y y —y—y—x—••/ y •? X y v y . \ . x y y v X X X X x X v y % , j , y , >;, y y y y y \-

Ariangedxin staclca known as\ ^lxXX<-X yXkeseAemb^anes. contain pigmAtXXlecdles tiiatXbsYr ^ . yx X X X X:'' X ">x x 'y sj / ^ X "*— X 6 A 'X' XX ' ' *\ X' x"r:; X X' t X ^ X 'X v >x

<liMit. The(hiaibrypigrheht founcfiii plant cells'is CM V o ^ ^ W l . 1>\^'^.X^'gel-liliXmaterialXalledxc S i h ^ v i a « l > \ ^ u ^ i m N

y \/ X/ ''*/'.. yLx.o \ / y x x X X / X y \ A ' \ y r7 y T " I x x y ° XX yx x / \ y X X x y —— y 3: —- y xx' X x X , / y ymembrines'and is"thelocation-of the\ k. AXJfe.\AXfX x Xcycle./ \ X \ x - X X \ X . / X , X \ X / / \ / \ X . - - x X y X \ , N X \ / \ ^

Xhese'brganismXuse a prqe'ess knbwn/asX^..^S>^ C^-At^Qx^. to convert Xod'molecules mtb .usablXner^X takis'p&ceyih^

\ / \ y T X X / v X ' ' •( A X A A A A A x'x / \ y-y yy y \ x \ / y p y x-y A ' , A , \ xy / x xx xx x x y / \ y \ . >arious>functibnsX X V v i X Y V y x ,

x y A x X x'' X X X X xx X X. x, X x

205Xytpttnesis-begin todnew X^XfbrX^^i1 1^, / X yXXlvletapliasx xXxeloph^X<Xc. P-fopliase'

x / ^ X ^ y ° ^ s s ^ ^^n-x^e^i^^b^otin^ti^^i^ X-XpividexXcpnttoUa.bfy^ . fb rnXg tumorsXy X / x d x L o s & atta.climehts Xhbighboring"cells

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s/l24h&£&ti.&mosak'inodel present^the modern view of / ' 'X -/X / / ' \ x'\ X x X ' x / \ /X / / X, y'X .X / \ /*' . \ / \ • \ X

X a>chromdsomes\ X X X X X X X X X bXtii&JiucleilS X) X X X v X X X X X X X v X y y' v V X ^ ya'membfane's>s1xuc'tee\x \XX" \ x \ x A y Vdv-nil^ficenuM^

' 2SL 13a'cfefia;haW aU;bf>tne>foEow EXGEB.X \ / v- \ / x-' \ / X y y/ y X x<? xy y y \x v y X x x, /'-• a/ribdsomes \ / y \ X x / y / y b x a x e l l membrane

/ x N / X X X \ x ' - „ / \ x , . / \ x A A A A d. cytoplasm /££^riu^eus^

•yX\26... X X X ; \ y A^Xsm'aliyoncenttaridh. aa^en^-^Ai^w fempefatxire; / \ Y X X ' X b : y d i a l l concentration gradient ahd: high tXiperatam

XX' .< x>< ' . ^ ^ ^ l a t ^ ^ ' o ^ c ^ ^ t i ^ i i - gradient and l ^ ^ t ^ j j ^ a f u r e X X

X X 271 Tlie mpk' cbmrh'X

x X ' " XXx a. salt: v A / \XbT)watAX XX \xc. xos£nosis x x

X ,N28XWhat)t^e pfc<xgamsmXpX X X \ A A \ XA x'Heterotrophs'x . x x / v w v V Y v V V y s . / y x X x \ X X X y y \ A A X \ A / ' V / v \ A X / y \ / y X X X / ' v x X A x / y \ x X v ' \ - X ' y y \ / y v v - / ( : , v v v y v x xx X A 29. What two eneXgy-storing moleculesXre produced'by die Hght-depehdent v A / \ X \ x \ X A \X X/' xx X

A v*VA V V X / X/' V X V ' x X x v X l x W X ' X W W V V W V V W W a. CQ2 and 0 2 ' b.: Lactic)acid and ATP

X^ADPH x a i i 4ATP-d. Pyruvate and ethyl alcohol X x

y y 30., What types XOrganisms ddxcellular respiration?^

)<;[ X ' ^ a i i i q l ^ i ^ a ^ ^ x X v K X X w ^ P ^ ^ P ^ W 1 1 ^ A . X />|>X _ autotrophs -^nd 'het^rottophs .•a\y£ast'arid bacteria, only/ x x X x X X X \ / \ / ' - XX/ ' S XX/" / \ x X x \ x y \ / ' x x \ x w y y x y y y x X / y v v Y Y V V

y 3 XWhat happens 10- light 'energy'dumtg'phptosyhlliesis? x

, a.,y-It fe'tt^sf6^e4xi%3vl^^^e^v.-x Xx X X (SD/ fc K 5 * 3 ^ 5 ? 0 ^^^^ '^ 6 ^^^^^^ x A x x c A I t is changed inX.carbdndioxideXX

x'X, yx, /X /'\ / \ / 'x Xx .-X xX X, x\ x, >\d.A It is reflected'

XX/" xXl. Transferring; pollen froihxthe,male'parts of one. planf to tiie female harts,ofanbther, plant results in: X x X ' X / y y \ / \ 4 x , / \ y / x \ / ' X X v X x x X^ X x X X ^ x x y X \ X " X / ' '

y \ A / X / X / X A y S e l f - p p l k ^ X X Y 'Y V b / A H y b £ i & ; / > \ X X . A X ' \ a ' ' K c ^ p i ' U b i i A a n c e V \ X V A x A A / > ' Y X X x

X v y \ ' 'x x ' A v v-* y \ / \ / \ x \ / xx x X y y y v v \ ' " \ / x / Y x / \ / Y / y A y \ / / y \ / v x /

x x ' x y x Y y x x x ^ y A X Y A " x X X X / XXx V X V x X 2. Becausfexonly tall plants weXproduced when purcshbrt andXall plants wei-e crbs'sed' Mendel tbncluded that the fallX

xx x,x x/ yx xx Xx -X x.r xx yx xx A ' -. x vx x • x r xy , x xy x / y r v' \ y xx \y y \ / xx yx \ y w xy xy xy x/ x • x'x .• ._-yv;x. / / xx xx /X X / \ v / \ X / \ / \ / ' x A / \ A / ' \ X , X / ' X / ' X X \ x X X \ X y X \ X \ / \ y X / X X \ x X A '

<b>^ece^ivX X X XcXPur^ X X X M ^ d e X X X X \ A X A " ' '

A i Domitiant.

xX x X x/ Xx xx x,x xy xy v Xy yy x , . , x,/ v v y/ \/ x x xy A'- /X v . xx y \X \ x xx x . / y xx y \y \,y x x \y x. y \ x '" \ . 3 x, xXXuien/pure t^U p.lantsy^

X x X ' X x^XaX' '$bbXs 'Xp ' 'X^ e ' ' ^x^ '§ e ^^ X \ X Xy./X x x y X x x X - 'X' , x 'x y \ ) ' xb-XNeXXsliowX^

x 4 . X.^OC^ritwb.hybrids,arepto Y i Y : i X X Y V V b;X2:l X X V ' X X : l " A V i V

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\5.\,Orditaisms /'thXf. have^2W'the/same.genes Xor a particular, t&it-£re'£all£d:/\ ,a. / Hybrids pADinybrids\y Q. JApmozygous d., .Heterozygous, / X X A X X V X X X A X A A ' V V ' S Y

6. /Typ fexo f kLlientancdshbwnxwlien a red cbw>is, crossed with' a wlitXbull and tiiepffsprinain the FXgeneratioriXppeaXroan

: : C X . X X X ^ \A\,a'. InbfeedinX/XpdlygeniclnheiitanceyxX

7>A tefiXsucli as'to arXinherited^ihdependefiB •/ X X X V Y A X i Y XXX X V " X Y X X A / v X \ / A A A / v X / X ' X y ' W Y X ' ' X / y XXv

^ y / A a.-homplogousxalleles/^.^olygeniY x8XThe 23r4 paiXDf-diromosomesXdifferefit j h males and''femalesX\XX

'"X Y / X X / x - / X X / \ / X / x X X X \ i i x i X X / x X X X x X \ A \ / \ / x / x x \ / , \ / . x / x / w \

/ a vautpSqmes/\/// / p.^mnltiple, a l le les / / .AA^eX chromosomes XXX Applygenes X X /

JL0\Ifbyo of the Fi xoffs|^ing frp generationYould)iWewMte/eyesr;

l l /Because the gene)for red-^encblorblMclnesXis located on the X chromospme-Alxls N O T < n X ^ V V V / \ ° / xx / °./ y x / Xx / y xx y y \/ y \/ y y \ / >\y \ / V V V A ' r XV Xx XX \ ,—

Xarnerxmptiler tt^^8j^'g^^^^^^^ug^^X\X\^> \ A X X

fa

colbrbKndxfather to pass on die genex'onxto his daughter ' X ' ' x x . \ x ' \ " x y x,r/ x y \ / \/°\y \/ \/ \y y°\y X ,

colorblind fatiierto'pas's ori'tiie gene on tb his sonxAXX X A X \ A X X A X A K X X A \ / X X X X Y X Y A . / X X X

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v X / ' X A A A A / V X A . A A v A / V \ A / V - A A A A ' \ . A / ..Ax, \ / ^ / \ / ' \ A \ / \ / \ / V A / \ A \ / V ^ A x A \ ^ / V y A / ' \ A X X A ^ X A v / y V x A / Y W V v A A / W X / X Y x \ A , / y ' Y " \ A A - V

ea plant's, pui^le^fl'oyefsA AXXX / \ XAT>AAT>A A XA A I / W V A A Ax A A A A Ax xX A A A X X V A A A A A A A. A X A > N a. TP x PP % PP x Pp c. Pp x pp A d- PpxPp

A x' A x y y y A A ' A X A y )<" X X X X X X X > X' X X A' A A X' X X V A A A'" "A X A • A' >l3Xrite resulixfiom erossinXa Miite snapdragon anAa red snapdragon is 100%Xink offspring. When two of these/pink A X X

x A X' X X X Y A x / A x 'A X x x? X • X X v * X- X / y x 'A x x < A X V A X X xx X x A AoffsprmgxareydssedKdiyp ' N / x ' x x / / x ' x x ' x x

X- Xinnn/ A;_iXX • i c o X / . i X c o / . X u ; i i ;

h. 75% red, 25% white V A ' A . ' J :,/ \9 \/ \/ \ X

Molecular Genetics

xXtAFiniit-fUes'.have 8<chX6m6spiXsX

X.-A A'\ Pha"se/\_XxX'-, l^umber ''of<

Ay/\XX<' chromosomes X / \

' 'Number -o fxAXvA / \ xx. / \ X ' \ x homologous pairs

As this cell haploidbrv \ /x / \ / \ / \ r , \ / \ / \ diploid? X During<Interphase A " V I V / A A : A 1 * f x

yXx''EndxofMitos'isxA x ' 'x

A W v W A A. Ax ,

XAA,End'qf'Meiosis j X , X A X Y | A A A A .-'A A O y ~ A End of Meiosis 11 x X X H A X' X X A A o x X A

After Fertilization V X X X X X X A X A X X, J. A

x'X xx xx x \ / \ y y / \ . / \ / \ /x. y \ /x -X / \ / \ . - \ X- . -

x >2. 3$ie-stage df.nieipsis wWch^etlu:om6some--4i^bM is. reduced from y2n to In is \ , '' A Y X x a:Xetapha'se.X>b-xahaphase IIX V \ Xc?metaphas'e I - d.jfei°phase I A \x'A-- x,/ \ x \ , A \ / v ' V A \ "x X A A V

A X X X x x X X A X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ' X / X X * A( A X p ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ X X ^ p A ^ X X X 8 - sbownAo- thAright Which of the > x labels belohgs'in the bvarmafked X X AX \ A . . A A , / X x ' ' \ ' X / x x \ X \ / ' / \ / v / \ / \ / \ / ' ' x ' x - A x x XX /-•"•>. x , /

x\ A • •' a.-eggx X x\ xb. f e tuy /x Y cyperm, /X ,^1/mbryo X X What i's. the.pfobabiiiXdiat a.human sperm cell will dontain an X

' x X X A X a A X x X X x X X X 5 x X A X X X < ^ o X A X < d. ioo% X 'x X.- ' . / \ . s Xx X V X-' \ / xx X -y \ , v /

A A A • ' ' x'XAAx A. .Ay A -/-'AAA. - x X X A y X / V - ' \ A xx X \ / \ / A / \ A- x \ x'x XX./'X xy A \ / \ x'x ''' /5. Human females-produce .egg.ceUs that have X >\ A .

X\ X X xX™X\ •>' 1 'X V'\ X A x j>x X XX X\ ,.-x X' X ' Xa-XonexXchromosomeX Ax' A X X A A -•' < x \ A A'-XAx-- y \x x x X X y X A y \ x \ X \ X Y

• / \ •• A-b- two-X chromosomes x \ / \ A - . A A A / A 'X --•AAAA X'X XYX' A'YxA-,- / \ A -X / \ / \ x A\x 'AxX.X'x c- o n c - Q ^ ° y X X X v X V • X A X / / X d. bn€ X 'and orie-Y'chrdmbsofhe ' X Y \ A \ A V ' A - X x x A YX y - v - ' A x " \ A x v - ' x x y \ " A X A A X / - ' X X v A A X \ , /A/' ' '- X N x \ x x YYYYxA. / \ \ A / x. X ^ ' x

/6.'XNA'ahd'RNA< Ax'AV X X X X X V / V X ' X-C '

both/riucleic.a)ad§\ANX '\/\/\/ vc-boAareNd6ublexStranded X A x \ / ' \ -AXYY ; X X \ / X XY X \ YX xYAYYYXAA X " '•

A behave the^a^eNmfrogra^anr^gNb^gesXXXA. AX~ -xXxbbth hX^ ^^-'^aX^ A^ A

Use the following diagraiivto answer questions 7 —10. v / X A y y w y y A X A Y A A V V V \ X X --\ XX yK

X XX -\ /X / , . X X\ / X .X / A AX Y- X' X

7xStructureXA represents x

x(- x x ' y y \y yx y . - \ / \ / a/a chromosomexx , A A / ' \ , A x'X . A xA XY x\ Xx A e/homoiogous pattx

\p-. ^txu^jL-ur^li^ep,j5esexit^/'\ XyA Xx A.X cXj-°XQsoiiieX\ x y A x^ex'homoibgousxplh/ X ' A / A \ A / A.x"x.y-' , X ' Y A / xx Y. Ax./ -xy \ •-y9rStructiire'Gx:x'epresentsx/x--' X A y / x.A Yx, \ X xx Y x X y y \ / \ a. a chromosome ' X X X X X X A 0 ! 0 ? ^ 1 1 / 5 7 ? ^

b. a centromere

A a centromere

xb) a'eehttomerex

c. gene

c. _gene

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10. Structure D repfese'htAXXXXX a. X chroinXpme /<_ X„Jby ^eentromerex A y>\K^j^>\ \ AdYsister pair/

.(*/- -a**/s. \ /% , ' \ / \ y, y~, x Y\ X X \ A X\ Y A. A X Y x Y Y Y A> XX Y Ac / , < \

11/Non-disjunction brc a. mitosisyX, X'b- ApUcationyY c^rotein X

. 12. Place the folio wing, stages of protein syntliesis in the correct-order.

( XL amino acids(arexlinked>together witlxpeptide<bohdY X Y

v ' x v x x v x v 6 x \/ Y X - x x x A / M I L JOLRNA attaches to'£ subuhityf tiAribpsbm A x X / \ / ' X / x / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ X \ / \ / ' x / x X/ x , / X/IV" tRNAymatches its anticodbh tO/diXcodoh oflxiRNAx

V v v V xx \/ v W V v- x' \/ \/ >S xx Xx V Y , 13,/The genetic -code, consists' of X . / \ XX Y . differenXcodons. wyclXXdexfoXx -X Y different aminbxacidsX 7 \ " / \ / \ /A / \ A, XX / \ / \ / / / \ A A X < •

a. 3, 20 X X X XO<X6Y>3 X X r. 20.. 64 / A A A / ' •• / \ / \ / \ / \ / V X V -X A . / \ X \ X 14. TheAajor^ eventdiat pccuri during meiosis H is ^ X x\, X, X'iQtmatiopfot'l i^fcidXellsx x XAXX t!^separation /of sister clApmatids. /" X X X 'cXorniation. of tetrads and .crossing over X ' V - x x' y / • X x x x X x x \ x xx X 'X yd/separatipnyf hdmplogousXhrornosomes'

Xl5<"Ftdit;fly body cells cdntain/8 chromosomes. The;dipl6id/(2n) number for fruit flies teX v \/ \ / X v X x/ v* \ / v x--' XYXA V X X- X V Ax x x V NX V X/' \X \

X Qj*es&ons 16:— 18 are ^^e^yin^^ygU^n^^^dmy v X M O ^ G U ^ X ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M b L E C U t E KXtAnslatioXX/pRODUCTX A A A A A / A A v . V \ \ A V y ^ A X- xA A A A * V ' X X , * A v - \ , A.-XxAx X X ' X ' X / X X X ' W V ^ x X X N / X X - ' X A V ' "X X X ' X X / i 6 / In ihe ahovexseries ofreactionsxMol^dle Awouldxbe.x. \XX< X ' X X ^ ^ V / C ^ X X ^ \ ^ ^ ^ 4 Y c h l d r o p h y l l x

Xxl7/Jhxtiie above series of reactions/Molecule BYould/be.x

X X > < A D X < X > X S ^

x'X /28.x In <he--ai)pv^s^ei.9f;r^<^ons/^(2-'!5f^»Ct wouldxbeX " A A V A D N A X X X X X X W ^

/ E v o l u t i o A A

X < X A X X X X C > ^ X X- l.,X Th'eNpiepry of evolution-predicts thatyX / / / XxXX X^X\^Q?^ly rela^d^peci^w^

X X A A. A i f specieSxhXvXlfangeSxOver time, Aeir geneS/shotfld/liavXch'angedxA A

x A A. X x ,/ F / v ^ / y v \ ' v \ A . - Y y A XXXXXXAxX,- \ X / A . \ X y , \ pxcloselyreiatedxspeeiesxshow, similarities in amino, acid,, sequences, X - < A < X V / a l i A . f t h e X b X v e / X X < X x X ' X X K X X X X x ' x X

X x X / X k x A \X \ / \ / xx x / X X X X X \ A x )2. XTBe fur color; in domestic cats isxamexample of: \ x x x Xx X • X X X X X • X x x x X • xx / /x A X variati6h>XxX\xbyhbicYXXXXYg6neticxdriftxA

3X Species evolve xadapfations<:for>41bof tlie folio wing except, x / \ / f j ^ s . yy \ y y f xx , y x xy XX y y v ' XX x / xx.

xlhcrease variatibh,inxa population \ XybxHidexfrom predators xx x A /x / x / \ xAy A x / X - \ A x X A X / \FA . / . • X'x

Xd.Attractxa mafe-x . \ /yE>efendXgdn^t diseasy c. Catch food/ V V X, V

/ / 1/ V V - X., x • \ XX,. •/ xy y V « V V V X / / x/ x/ X/ xx \ /

xp. \A x poipupine SySharp,quiils are used^oxdeter,predatorsyheyxarexan epsample oty AX '/KlutatioAXy XX b(NichiK x X < ^ V ^ t ^ ^ \ X X \ ' V^^dajptado)i:

Y . XAehanee^in. the structure of a gene of a. chronibsbmey called,a: A A A y y Xx X A' A x 'x Xx '•-' ' ' X, X x X x / X X A A XAX xmutatibnX A xb Yha'racteristic xe,Aesburce>XXXXXXX xdX vanatibA

/ X / X x X x xx xx , / \ ,x \ X xx xx \ / xx x ' • •

X, X,

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X 8. XCh&ngeihfapopi^tidnXover aperiod af titne'.is called:'' v X X' XXX A X' X x y V V x/ \ / r X : v V y V f v x x V x / \ / y \ X \ / \ / v y X ; V V xxXxXAAaAxbiogenesis/ xXxbApefrodic Catastrophe A c/extinctiori / . X / \ Ax /x, / \ ° /•• / \ / x A X /X / \ y\ A A x / \ -\ / \ X X s»»—A A A •

(§> / biijariafris' diaXGah\ilLteMe£d.a are-membefs-of thXsame: Y Y X Y - Y , . X X Y Y X X Y X X X A ^ A X ^ X Y Y ) / A Y Y Y X X X X Y X Y Y Y Y N

*t"A A V W W x / V V Y V Y v y \ / V A / V Y \ A XNAXXAXX x / y A ' ' xlG.ybybteeding xpf pigeons/td haXex^gerateApJ^ , X X\ayNatural.SelecfioYA X . XAradualism X-c MatASelectio A ( X XXAaXfici'al Selection''

AlA^C^t-iS'thexbuman\lAlbohexan example of? X X X"'a. Xbio'cbeirdealslXctaX X > < X c/fessitiecofdX /•

v X x v x X' x v x x \x y / \ / A ' \ / . y v X ' XX XXXbX/nomblogous structure \ Y \ X \X? dyesfigial structure' A\Ax / \ X \ / \ x y x \ / \ A / \ / \ / \ . X V Y A X A \ X \ x \

>(' Xl2< Which o£i^efroU6\W^>lists/euhifn&ls thXafXme'mbers^df'tiieXame^.species?'' x y y \ / ' y / y / \ / x / y / \>* / / \ / \ / ' y Y \ / \ / xx \ / y / y A- y \ / \

Y% / \ X \ X a X P o l a r bear aridGiizzly bear x X \ y \ . y y e . Eiori andXTigeA ' x / \ , A / y A y ' y A . / \ / X A y\ / \ / \ A / / \ A / \ x. / \ / \ A / x . N

A A A rb.XDalmafiaftatid Golden/Retriever X X /'d. Horse arid DonkeyX A . / A A • / v /.- y / \ / xx '-.,/ x / x/ -xA y / yx v \ x xx \ / \ / •+,/•> Xx x / . X X / y / y.x y / x y x x y x x x y y x x'. x x. X. X / X / \ / X,/. X / X x X /

,x 13. Which organisms probably have more"sirnilarity betweenxtheir -D,XA? x

x X X ' \ X X x X b.x Fish,ahd'hum'ansX/ x x X xy\XYdXO'ak treesxana elephantXy . \ xx x \ xx /X xx xx .xx XX A. XX XX xx xx /x X\ XX A / . Vx / A Xx'X.A;What is thesdurCe'dfx.genelXvariabihtXXX X A X " X Y

. / \ / X / \ x NA X Xx./. / A / - / A x / y / \f \ / \ . A / \ , A / \ XxAAYx-'A .a.x.xGrpssing p v e y y A y y x \ / \ /y/ s

N .A\/y/ \ . /C- . x Mutat ipr is %

X ' \ X N / X ^vS^^t ib ' ib . aXXXd9mXcbmbXatiorix / X A Xxis^xy pCtiie abpyX Xx X x A X X X y X X y i V H e x - c h d ^ / X X X \ /

X A X ' ' a X x p a ^

XX XX X ' XfeXxDafwAXaYunaw^eYEMend s V A X s X 'XA s X A XX V XXXX N A C V X A

. / X \ / X x x'' \ / '•/ y x / YX x / X' A-"' XY x x v X Y X X X X X ' Y Y / \ / \ / Y x V \ / V X A . 6 xMeridel's work did "notxapply to Darwin?s.theory\x y \ X A A A y x A X . / V \ / Y .

- A /x x y / / xx xx

x x /X . . y y x.x /' .x x'X /X. x, yy X, yx Xy ,x y. / \ y / Y X\ xx /\ /x ; y X

y X XY . X ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ t ^ f / ^ P S l d unri^edktdL^^ceplfed Mend^SYfindings a n d y s X X ^ X X X ^ P ^ 3 ^ ^ 2 ^ ^ / XxXxVXX <TnX.Xo /weXunrelated^XXxyXx x x ' ' \AXyXx\x \ X X / XX Y / XX YXXAXXXXXx x X x X X X x Y x / x X x , A X X X \ X -. A X \ X \ X X A / \ x^x 'X- A " ' x x y v \ y XX Y' XY'X'X'A ' 'X /XXX xxX<Cx'" x Y V W X / N / X A / V X 16.XWhic6;term descHbes<stXic^esxs'iiMarxin'p X > X XY •/ XX '<7 X/ xy xy y y/ y xy x/ \y A Y.-fx/ y s y V ' YX \ / \ / Y / A/ X A / \/ \ / XX Y YX Xy \ x ' \ x \ a A /BomolbVousxXxXAXxx/b.xEhib'CTomcX\/c\Ahalogous A s A X . A / x x A Xx . / / / A X A Y / X X \ / ' \ A , A X A X / xXXxXx x x A X x / x A xx X / , xx&xx A X \ / X XX X- xx /

A) xXy'Piyex!diX;fdEbwM ^a(h^tte^<^i?^^^^^XX\XY A xXXX X X X < ^ ^ i ! i ^ ^ X N X v X [ ^ ^ t o ' R e p t i l X /XXxXlXxMartimklSy/x X Ax ' V X / x / ' \ y K X x X X X x x < x X X x ' " " A \ X x x A x A

Y / A / X X X ' X A \ Y X / X x ' Y A / X / X A X \ / X / \ X X / \ / ' X \ Y A A X / X X X X / X Y X / X / \ / A X X / X

/ /9T ;nXni;w\ x" y \ / v n i / AiX /nxx \ /AxXxii v fx n i , x rv \Y\ A Y d x i i , x n i , . -

xx x> , -x yy X /y A XY XA X \ yy X /• ' / x \ X X y '.x y xx y X I 8< The human axmx the whale fiA tiiAmaydAve Xblv:edxfrXm' Xeoiumoh ancestor.

x / X / Y./ x y \ x x y \ / ' Y / x y x.y y / ' y A \ / \ A y \9 _ Yy Y / y y . y y / / y y y / \ x y / w \ x \ / x^y

' • x X / / n m ^ A , t a , ^ , « c x x y \ X Y v x A AcvVestigialxstructures'Xy X X x

v/A, x x \ A xx xx xx

AX AAYX x ' y v x x xy ' a.X Divergent siructures

y XbYxHomologbuXstxhctufesX x'x X XAnalogous structures-Y l X XX XX X,D yx xy yx Xy \ / \ X Xy Xx XX ° v ' X,' y xy X,. . A A A . x \ xy , \ y \ xx xx xY A / x xx Xx / x xx xY A A x

x ' X X ' Y x ' X X ' x / \ / \ . ' X / \ Y X x y X / ' , \ X'X X x x / A . / \ / Y / X X x y ' X X

1 A.OrigXaUy, m ^ t p \ / \ / \ ^ A. / \ X-X X X X ^0mc£$Mz^

v A A A / yx \ / v , v 5 A X A V V X xx y Xx xx y \ / \ / \ Y^XX X / X y PA^X°^rc>|>x' c P r o x ^ ° * X " x < Xy y ^ / X e x l i : A \ X y \ V

They are:

-OA x^r ix„AK^ i e . xx +- x. v » i r r f * n _ iXlArtii'scarlXatmo-bhere^ x

xXxx Xx. Y / Suggests that early Hfe fomis mayXiay BeeYmemahogeiiX , X A / V / A A A X A A XYXA- X \ AA xXXy xXAx Xx -A A 6 A X s XX xA bX Kesulted m>a mucn. thicker ozone;iayer marixWe nave tppay, V X A x y Xx y.X y y y y Xx \ x XX \x \ / \ / \x A A XX \/J y ' XX \ e.x Suggests -'that' early>life, forms ;were'autoteophsXXy' xxX x / x

Xx y\_y>fyy.ifa^^ xxXx / X y x X x

X21X WliXcharacteri'sfics 'dX all)prihlates share?x haXclmracteristicXXre- uhicmey ;humansXnd bdiMAdminidsPA 'xx x X xy y v y yx X R V xx -y \y xy xy \..x xy x • y yy Xx Y y ' XX XX XX- Y X Y X XX A s X x

X X X X Y X X X Y X X - A / ^ > . " ' x y x y X A " >- \ X - X v x A X \ X x - ' \ x x , - x X A x A y \ x y X y / X x \ x xx x- Y

A " ' X x X A A Y A X A X X / A x Y A A x A / X y A p A X X A " X

A A y y • AX A<: X x x A X A X A X AAAXAX-XAXYY

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A e y » a n i c . A l e ^ k / X XXXxXXxX-Xx XX/XX/X \ /XXx^- / y \ ? \ / \x \ / \ / ••• x \ A y y / • \ / v V \ / \ / \ / \ A / \ / b. conic! not photosynthesize \ X ^ X ' X A \ A / ' y ' \ . . . V ' / '' X X . X y evolved undeic tiie Eailh's\urfaeeyy X X \ \ X X

y X \ d. x ' d i d W c o h t a i A D N A A X \ A A / ' \ A X X X / V

^21 /^^M^efe^ ihg the'^e^iique"of^^^^^-rtJirey hpr^h%eh\b^to p f ^ u c ^ \ ^ y X \ / X . AaniinXaciXAidXucleotides\ AX" . xb. ATPXnd"mitochondria - / \ / \ X X y y x A ' /x. x \ x / /-'\ / x A / \ yy A /'' ' \ yy yy /X\ / • / \ y -A

NDA proteins.and-DNA/\ X X X X d. ceH membranes'andxsimple' cells X X\ X

,d. 4 mMonyears, x> \29\J5TiatNis tb x

a.;'4Q<billion>A x(%XpillidA X 'X x' A A<' X X X ' X A x y< x v x x x x < / x x

/Sp.^i^^P;^^ jb%g i.-bsegin fe^tumulate^ ih.t^e^ar^'-^alsnp^fiefe?< x X A y X X ^ X A X X X ^ ^ y AgaAsms begain^.^pduce j ty^X \ / ' xA \A \ / ^ f tA the i A s t X l c M u X r X t i X s X X X / X X X x X x

X A V c:' A A ^ n 4 ^ X X \ X 'X v y v ••/ y v y v \ A X X y x X v x " y X-- %dX When animals evolved to cdnstime i t / ' / * y \ A V - X A 1 A n laboratoAXXriAentsrdesimedXo simAaAxohditions;- dXXrly EaMAwhicXo F die. foUowih / v x A y y / v \ / \ / x y \ / y v x y y y N/ 'X/ \ / \ / \X \ / \ / \x \x -• p^r6dueed?X^XXX" X " V ^ X X X ^ y X '' \ A X V \ X X X X b o s X y . X x X , X ' b ^ N X x X' x X X X y C ' A X X X X X y^>tyt6sme X X ' X / ' X X / ' - A y v / . / > v A A ' ) \ - / \ X \ ' \ X X - - yyy \ X / \ y \ x X / x X \ x \ / \ /• x\XX- •••-/ \ , • • X X ^XRNAcah>itore ' k i f 6 j ^ ^ b n ^ d ^ ^ a s x ^ e n W £ a y /

' y A •' • .-'Xy yx , \ ' . y y X' x x y x x- v ! y y v y X x X y b y DN.A copies itself but can not stbrymformationA' X v y s Xx X f c/ DNA did i io t^s t foe^yce t f s^X X X X ^ x / X X X x x x v ./ y y \- >* ;•< \ ' y x X X X X X X/ RNAAometimeXorms XdoubA^ A A A X - -

x -X y x y y y / y x x y y y. X x x A s33. Mow is bioiogicalAvoldtion distinctfrom chemicA'evolution?. ' y y - X / . x y y v . v y \ x v y x- v s-y y / > / -.- . x >- >-y X X a/.. BiologicaLevolutioh pfecededXhemical evolution in'tli^origiri of life A x A X X x y x . T " / A i - / - y \ A / V X

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A ' X A A AA x x \ / y y / yX Ax XA A / V A A \ / \ / \ x \ / X A \ A x A A \ A \ X \ AA A A A N A A A \ A A xpumpeythipughput\thexbpdy/\ A\ X \ A \ A \

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