x-sense - monitoring alpine mass movements at multiple scales what we are interested in and what...

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How do they work? Flow features on the surface may develop from:  Deformation of the ice core.  Movement of the debris cover along the debris-ice interface.  Deformation from a period of glacial advance.  Changes in the hydrologic balance. Growth and formation is subject to some debate, with three main theories in prominence:  A permafrost origin, which implies that the features are related to permafrost action rather than glacial action;  A mass wasting or landslide origin which does not require the presence of ice and suggests a sudden catastrophic origin with little subsequent movement.