XI. Reproduction1. Asexual a. budding b. gemmules

formed in stress

conditions (contain

amoebocytes covered by hard outer coating)

XI. Reproduction2. Sexuala. Most monoecious =

• both sexes in same organism (hermaphrodites)• egg & sperm produced• cross fertilization (sperm from one

sponge fertilizes eggs from another sponge)

• egg + sperm => free-swimming larvae

XI. Reproduction

2. Sexual b. Some dioecious• Separate sexes • Egg OR sperm produced

Sponge releasing sperm

XII. Ecological Roles

A. Habitat for other aquatic animals

B. Food for some

XII. Ecological RolesC. Home use:

bathing, cleaning, home improvement, other

XII. Ecological RolesD. Medical research• Sponges do not get cancer. Why not?Maybe we can use what keeps them

from getting cancer to treat humans………..

Azure Vase Sponge

Giant Barrel Sponge

White Cryptic Sponge

Elephant Ear Sponge

Stove pipe sponge

Yellow Vase Sponges

Yellow Barrel Sponge

Red Branch Sponge

How deep would

the oceans be if there

were no sponges?