XIV. Morocc

June, 2013

XIV. M

SUMMA

In

depths s

Western

potential

of these

shale de

Source: AR

co (Including We

MOROC

ARY

n addition to

uitable for s

Sahara, als

in the Tindo

shales is c

posits have

Figure

I, 2013.

estern Sahara an

CCO (INC

o large accu

surface minin

so possess o

ouf and Tadl

challenging

led to their d

XIV-1. Shale G

nd Mauritania)

CLUDING W

umulations o

ng1, Morocc

organic-rich

la basins, Fi

because reg

discontinuou

Gas Basins of

EIA/ARI W

XIV-1

WESTERN

of Late-Creta

o and its tw

Silurian- an

gure XIV-1.

gional defor

us and comp

f Morocco, We

World Shale Ga

N SAHARA

aceous imm

wo neighborin

nd Devonian

Mapping a

rmation, ero

plex present

estern Sahara

s and Shale Oil

A AND MAU

mature oil sh

ng countries

-age shale g

and resource

osion and su

day distribu

a and Mauritan

Resource Asses

URITANIA)

hale (keroge

s, Mauritania

gas and sha

e characteriz

ubsidence o

ution.

nia

ssment 

en) at

a and

ale oil

zation

of the

 

XIV. Morocc

June, 2013

A

Tcf, with

these two

barrels o

Table

Tabl

co (Including We

ARI estimate

20 Tcf of ris

o basins con

of risked, tec

e XIV-1. Rese

le XIV-2. Res

Resource

Gas P

GIP C

Riske

Riske

Physical Extent Pros

Thick

Depth

Reservoir 

Properties Rese

AveraThermClay

Basic Data

De

estern Sahara an

s that the Ti

sked, technic

ntain risked

hnically reco

ervoir Proper

ervoir Prope

OrganicNet IntervalAverage

Phase

Concentration (Bcf

ed GIP (Tcf)

ed Recoverable (Tc

pective Area (mi2)

kness (ft)

h (ft)

ervoir Pressure

age TOC (wt. %)mal Maturity (% Ro Content

Basin/Gross Ar

Shale FormatioGeologic Age

epositional Enviro

Resource

Oil P

OIP C

Riske

Riske

Physical Extent Prosp

Thick

Depth

Reservo

ir 

Properties Reser

AveraThermClay

Basic Data

De

nd Mauritania)

indouf and T

cally recove

shale oil/co

overable sha

rties and ShaM

erties and ShM

2,0

cally Rich 65

l 6,600 -e 9,0

MoOverp

4.00.8

Med

Assoc

6

2

0

f/mi2)

cf)

o)

rea

oneonment

OrganicNet IntervalAverage

hase

Concentration (MM

ed OIP (B bbl)

ed Recoverable (B

pective Area (mi2)

kness (ft)

h (ft)

rvoir Pressure

age TOC (wt. %)mal Maturity (% RoContent

Basin/Gross Are

Shale FormatioGeologic Age

epositional Enviro

EIA/ARI W

XIV-2

Tadla basins

rable shale g

ndensate in-

ale oil/conde

ale Gas ResoMauritania

ale Oil ResouMauritania

020 4,6

60 654 5- 11,000 6,600 - 000 10,0od. press.

Mod. Ov

0% 4.085% 1.15dium Med

c. Gas Wet

6.8 18

2.7 17

0.3 3.

Tin

(77,00

L. SiL. S

Ma

2,0

cally Rich 65

6,600 - e 9,0

MoOverp

4.00.8

Med

O

7

3

0.

Mbbl/mi2)

bbl)

o)

ea

oneonment

World Shale Ga

s contain ris

gas resourc

-place of 5 b

ensate resou

ources of Mo

urces of Mor

670 12,

0 64 5 13,000 6,600 -000 11,

erpress. Mod. Ov

0% 4.05% 2.8

dium Med

Gas Dry

8.9 22

7.7 54

.5 13

douf

00 mi2)

lurianilurian

arine

020 4,6

60 654 5 11,000 6,600 -000 10,od. press.

Mod. Ov

0% 4.85% 1.1dium Med

Oil Cond

.9 1

.2 1

16 0.

Tindouf

(77,000 mi2)

L. SilurianL. Silurian

Marine

s and Shale Oil

sked shale g

ces, Table X

billion barrel

urces, Table

orocco, Sahar

rocco, Sahar

 

Ta

(2,80

L. SiL. S

Ma

380 1,

60 354 1- 14,000 3,280 000 6,

verpress. Unde

0% 2.80% 2.2dium Me

Gas Dry

2.0 49

4.5 20

3.6 3

670

6054- 13,000,000

verpress.

0%15%dium

ensate

.7

.6

.08

Resource Asses

gas in-place

IV-1. In add

ls, with 0.2 b

XIV-2.

ra Desert and

 

ra Desert and

adla

00 mi2)

ilurianilurian

arine

670

32897 - 9,840560

rpress.

0%25%dium

y Gas

9.0

0.5

3.1

ssment 

of 95

dition,

billion

d

d

XIV. Morocc

June, 2013

INTROD

T

Silurian “

deposited

presence

establish

T

basins, d

highs du

A

such geo

available

confident

oil resou

T

gas and

Morocco

Tadla Ba

 

co (Including We

DUCTION

The primary

“Hot Shale,”

d during a re

e of organic

hed boundar

The presenc

does not gu

ring the earl

Accurately id

ologically co

e in Morocco

tiality. As th

rce assessm

This report as

oil resource

(extending

asin.

estern Sahara an

shale resou

which cons

egional anox

c-rich Siluri

ies of hydroc

ce of a thic

uarantee the

y Silurian m

entifying pro

omplex area

o and its ne

his data beco

ment of Moro

ssesses the

s based on

into Algeria

 

nd Mauritania)

urce on Mor

sists of thin b

xic event. D

an shales,

carbon basin

k Silurian s

e presence

ay not have

omising sha

as requires

eighboring c

omes more

occo may be

two basins

publically av

a, Western S

EIA/ARI W

XIV-3

rocco, Mauri

but very orga

Data from we

although n

ns.

section, obs

of organic-r

received or

ale basins an

significant a

countries be

publically av

e possible.

which appe

vailable data

Sahara, and

World Shale Ga

itania and W

anic-rich lay

ells drilled ac

not always

served in m

rich shale, a

rganic-rich s

nd estimatin

amounts of

ecause of li

vailable, a m

ar to have th

a: the Tindou

d Mauritania

s and Shale Oil

Western Sah

yers of marin

cross the co

within the

many Morocc

as areas th

ediments, F

ng their reso

data, which

imited well

more rigorou

he highest p

uf (Zag) Bas

a), and the c

Resource Asses

hara is the

ne organic m

ountry confirm

current for

can hydroca

at were reg

igure XIV-2.

ource potent

h are not w

drilling and

us shale gas

potential for s

sin in the sou

central Moro

ssment 

lower

matter

m the

rmally

arbon

gional

.2

tial in

widely

data

s and

shale

uth of

occan

XIV. Morocc

June, 2013

 

co (Including We

Figure XIV-2.

estern Sahara an

. Sedimentary

nd Mauritania)

y Depositional

EIA/ARI W

XIV-4

Environment

World Shale Ga

t in Morocco,

s and Shale Oil

Ordovician-De

Resource Asses

evonian2

 

ssment 

XIV. Morocc

June, 2013

1. T

1.1 G

T

covering

by the A

Although

Paleozoi

depressio

northern

T

Carbonife

and Carb

the Herc

heat flow

Carbonife

as the s

Hercynia

T

and high

depth an

Mauritan

prospect

basin, Fi

eastern b

W

per 5,00

througho

internatio

not yet in

 

co (Including We

TINDOUF B

Geologic Se

The Tindouf

a 31,660-m

Atlas Mounta

h once cover

c now crop

on with a br

margin.

The Tindouf

erous time,

boniferous (

cynian defor

w through th

erous. Uplif

hales were

an orogeny.

This report fo

her confidenc

nd thermal m

ia and Wes

ive area is

igure XIV-4.

boundary is

While the dril

00 mi2, the

out the basi

onal compan

n the public d

estern Sahara an

BASIN

etting

Basin is th

mi2 area in Mo

ains and Oug

red unconfor

ps out over

road gentle s

f Basin wa

accumulatin

Visean) sha

rmation and

e basin cau

ft and erosio

not buried

ocuses on th

ce of remain

maturity, we

stern Sahara

the 1,000-m

.4 The sou

the Algeria B

lling density

data sugg

in.2 Additio

nies in partn

domain.

nd Mauritania)

he westernm

orocco, Wes

garta Arch t

rmably by a

much of t

southern fla

as a large

ng multiple

ales, Figure

d the prospe

sed the Tind

on of these s

deep enoug

he Lower Silu

ning gas sa

have identi

a portion of

meter depth

thern bound

Border.

in the basin

gest that or

onal well a

ership with

EIA/ARI W

XIV-5

most of the

stern Sahara

to the north

blanket of M

he region.

nk and a ste

sediment

layers of org

XIV-3.3 Ho

ectivity of the

douf Basin s

shales may h

gh to replen

urian “Hot S

turation in t

fied a 19,07

f the Tindou

contour on

dary is the

n is extreme

rganic-rich,

nd seismic

Moroccan o

World Shale Ga

major Nort

a and Mauri

and the Re

Mesozoic to

The Tindo

eeply dippin

depocenter

ganic-rich S

owever, thes

ese shale fo

shales to re

have caused

nish hydroca

hale,” which

this shale in

70-mi2 prosp

uf Basin. Th

n the upthru

0.7% Ro the

ely low, with

basal Silur

data have

il company,

s and Shale Oil

th African P

tania. The b

eguibate Ma

early Tertiar

ouf Basin is

ng, more stru

r from late

Silurian, Dev

se deposits

ormations is

each high ma

d significant

arbons dissi

h has greate

nterval. Thro

pective area

he northern

sted northe

ermal matu

an average

rian shales

been colle

ONHYM, bu

Resource Asses

Paleozoic ba

basin is bou

ssif in the s

ry sediments

s an asymm

ucturally com

e Ordovicia

vonian (Fras

were affecte

uncertain.

aturity durin

underpressu

pated during

er data availa

ough mappi

a in the Moro

boundary o

rn portion o

rity contour.

e of only one

were depo

ected by va

ut these dat

ssment 

asins,

unded

south.

s, the

metric

mplex

an to

snian)

ed by

High

g the

uring,

g the

ability

ng of

occo,

of the

of the

. The

e well

osited

arious

ta are

X  

J

S2

XIV. Morocco (Includ

June, 2013

Figure XIV-3. T

Source: Longreach P2010

ing Western Sahara

Tindouf Basin StrColumn

Petroleum Corporate

and Mauritania)

ratigraphic

  

Presentation,

So

X

ource: Boote, 2002.

A’

XIV-6

Figure X

Silurian“Hot Shale”

EIA/AR

XIV-4. Tindouf Ba

 

” 

RI World Shale Gas a

asin Cross Sectio

nd Shale Oil Resourc

on

ce Assessment 

A

XIV. Morocc 

June, 2013

1.2 R

W

from 6,6

averagin

generatio

north acr

estimated

Source: AR

 

co (Including We

Reservoir P

Within the Tin

600 to 14,00

g 4%. It is

on, due to th

ross the bas

d at 54 ft, ba

Figure XIV-5.

I, 2013 

estern Sahara an

Properties

ndouf Basin’

00 ft, Figure

s likely that

he basin’s v

sin, ranging

ased on data

. Tindouf Basi

nd Mauritania)

(Prospecti

’s prospectiv

e XIV-5. P

the TOC c

very high the

from 0.7% t

a from a wel

in Prospective

EIA/ARI W

XIV-7

ive Area)

ve area, the

Present day

content was

ermal matur

to over 3%

l drilled in th

e Area, Moroc

World Shale Ga

depth to the

TOC conte

higher duri

rity.5 Therm

Ro.4 Organ

he southern f

cco, Western S

s and Shale Oil

e Silurian “H

ent ranges

ing the time

mal maturity

ic-rich net s

flank of the

Sahara and Ma

Resource Asses

Hot Shale” ra

from 1% to

e of hydroca

increases t

shale thickne

basin.6

auritania

ssment 

anges

o 7%,

arbon

to the

ess is

 

XIV. Morocc 

June, 2013

1.3 R

W

Morocco

concentr

resource

organic-r

W

Tindouf B

for wet s

risked sh

technical

billion ba

recovera

1.4 R

T

country’s

the drillin

San Leo

license.7

 

 

co (Including We

Resource A

We estimate

, Mauritania

ration of 19

e concentrati

rich, it is thin

Within the ov

Basin contai

shale gas an

hale gas in-p

lly recoverab

arrels of sha

ble shale oil

Recent Act

The Morocca

s shale gas

ng of a shale

on Energy (

estern Sahara an

Assessmen

that the wet

a and Wes

to 22 Bcf/m

on of 8 millio

n, limiting its

verall 19,02

ins a 12,380

nd shale con

place for the

ble shale ga

ale oil/conde

l resource.

ivity

an national

potential sin

e gas explor

(Ireland) an

nd Mauritania)

nt

t and dry ga

stern Sahara

mi2. The oil

on barrels/m

resource co

0-mi2 prosp

0-mi2 area p

ndensate, a

Tindouf Ba

as resource.

nsate in-pla

oil and ga

nce mid-201

ration well. T

d Longreac

EIA/ARI W

XIV-8

as prospectiv

a portions

prospective

mi2 plus asso

oncentration.

pective area

rospective fo

nd a 2,020-

sin is estima

In addition

ace, with 0.2

as compan

0. It has p

The well is p

ch Oil and

World Shale Ga

ve area of th

of the Tind

e area of the

ociated gas.

.

, the Lower

or dry gas, a

-mi2 area pr

ated at 75 T

n, the Tindo

2 billion barre

y, ONHYM

plans to colle

proposed to

Gas (Canad

s and Shale Oil

he Silurian “

douf Basin

e Silurian “H

While the s

r Silurian “H

a 4,670-mi2

rospective fo

Tcf, with 17 T

uf Basin has

els as the ri

, has been

ect seismic

be drilled in

da) on the

Resource Asses

Hot Shale” i

has a reso

Hot Shale” h

shale format

Hot Shale” i

area prospe

or shale oil.

Tcf as the ris

s an estima

isked, techn

n evaluating

data followe

n partnership

Zag explor

ssment 

in the

ource

has a

ion is

n the

ective

The

sked,

ated 5

nically

g the

ed by

p with

ration

XIV. Morocc 

June, 2013

2. T

2.1 G

T

Morocca

sediment

in areas

the Cent

and the

southeas

a northw

A

exposed

generate

the basin

shales ge

underpre

T

contour,

available

apparent

2.2 R

T

Fkih Ben

shallowe

been ero

rich shal

content r

values cl

values of

co (Including We

TADLA BAS

Geologic Se

The Talda Ba

n Mesta.

tary strata, F

where uplift

ral Massif in

Rehamna M

st section, ch

est section,

As in the Ti

the Silurian

e hydrocarbo

n by approxi

enerated ad

essuring, alth

The 1,670-m

various faul

e in the sou

t lack of orga

Reservoir P

The Lower S

n Salah Fa

er. Average

oded, the Sil

e, of which

reaches 10-

oser to 2%.

f 1.5% to 3%

estern Sahara an

SIN

etting

asin is a 2,8

The basin

Figure XIV-6

t has cause

n the north, t

Massif in th

haracterized

with thick ca

indouf Basin

n, Devonian

ons. While t

mately 6,50

dditional hyd

hough data a

i2 prospectiv

lts and the A

thern portio

anic-rich Silu

Properties

ilurian “Hot

ult, ranging

depth in th

lurian sectio

200 ft is n

12%,10 but d

The Siluria

% place the s

nd Mauritania)

00-mi2 intra-

contains ne

6. Paleozoic

d their eros

the Atlas Mo

he west. T

d by complex

arboniferous

n, regional

and Ordov

these shales

00 ft of Creta

rocarbons a

are not avail

ve area of t

Atlas Mount

n of the ba

urian strata.

(Prospecti

Shale” in th

from 3,280

he prospectiv

on can reach

net shale.9

deep well da

an shale is th

shale in the d

EIA/ARI W

XIV-9

-cratonic bas

early 16,500

c rocks dom

ion, Figure

ountains in t

he Fkih Be

x tectonics i

s strata and

uplifting du

vician shales

s were subs

aceous and

after reburial

lable to conf

the Tadla B

tain range to

sin where t

ive Area)

he Tadla Bas

0 to 9,840

ve area is e

h up to 800 f

TOC data f

ata from ins

hermally hig

dry gas wind

World Shale Ga

sin located i

0 feet of P

inate the se

XIV-7. The

the east, the

n Salah Fa

including he

minor, infreq

uring the He

s after they

sequently bu

Tertiary sed

l.8 As such,

firm this ass

Basin is bou

o the east, F

he prospect

sin reaches

ft.8 To the

estimated at

feet thick, w

from outcro

side the pros

hly mature o

dow.8

s and Shale Oil

in central Mo

Paleozoic th

ediments in t

e Talda Bas

e Jebiliet Ma

ault divides

eavy folding

quent faultin

ercynian an

had mature

uried on the

diments, it is

, this basin

umption.

unded by the

Figure XIV-8

tive area is

maximum d

e east, the

t 6,560 ft. W

with over 300

ps suggest

spective are

over the pros

Resource Asses

orocco withi

hrough Cen

this basin, ex

in is bounde

assif in the s

the basin in

and faulting

ng.8

nd Alpine ev

ed and beg

western ed

s unlikely tha

is at high ris

e 1,000-m d

8. Little dat

bounded b

depth west o

shale beco

Where it ha

0 feet of org

that the org

ea indicates

spective are

ssment 

in the

ozoic

xcept

ed by

south,

nto a

g, and

vents

un to

ge of

at the

sk for

depth

a are

y the

of the

omes

as not

ganic-

ganic

TOC

ea; Ro

X  

J

XIV. Morocco (Includ

June, 2013

Figu

 

ing Western Sahara

ure XIV-6. Tadla B

Lower Silurian 

and Mauritania)

Basin Stratigraph

X

hic Column8

  

XIV-10

Fig

EIA/ARI W

ure XIV-7. Tadla

World Shale Gas and

a Basin Cross Se

d Shale Oil Resource

ections8

e Assessment 

 

XIV. Morocc 

June, 2013

Source: AR

2.3 R

T

49-Bcf/m

shale gas

2.4 R

N

 

 

 

co (Including We

I, 2013 

Resource A

The Silurian “

mi2 dry gas r

s in-place, w

Recent Act

No shale gas

estern Sahara an

Figure X

Assessmen

“Hot Shale”

resource con

with 3 Tcf as

ivity

s exploration

nd Mauritania)

IV-8. Tadla Ba

nt

in the Tadla

ncentration.

the risked, t

activity has

EIA/ARI W

XIV-11

asin Prospecti

a Basin’s 1,6

The basin

technically r

been report

World Shale Ga

ive Area, Moro

670-mi2 pros

contains an

recoverable

ted in the Ta

s and Shale Oil

occo

pective area

n estimated

shale gas re

adla Basin o

Resource Asses

a has a mod

20 Tcf of r

esource.

of Morocco.

ssment 

 

erate

risked

XIV. Morocc 

June, 2013

3. S

3.1 M

M

dry gas

has 56 T

gas reso

3.2 W

T

area, a

prospect

risked d

recovera

shale oil

shale oil

3.3 M

M

Basin co

REFERE

                  

1 Kolonic, ST., 2002. RelationshPetroleum

2 Lüning, S.Regional

3 Longreach

4 Boote, D.Society, L

5 Zag-Bas HYDROCage/en-US

6 Lüning, S.Black Sha311.  

co (Including We

SHALE RES

Morocco

Morocco has

prospective

Tcf of risked

urce.

Western Sa

The Western

4,670-mi2 w

ive area. W

ry, wet and

ble shale g

/condensate

resource.

Mauritania

Mauritania ha

ntaining only

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., Craig, J., LoydDistribution and

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a 1,670-mi2

area in the

shale gas in

ahara

Sahara po

wet shale g

Within these

d associate

as resource

e in-place, w

as a small 50

y minor shal

                   

amste, J.S., Bott Characterizatio

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BY COUN

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Tindouf Ba

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rtion of the

gas/condens

prospective

d shale ga

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0-mi2 wet sh

le gas and o

tcher, M.E., Kuyon of Cenomanntal Conditions a-350. 

h, P., and Fitcheodel.” Earth-Sci

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Traut, M.W., 12, no. 1, p. 7-68.

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Salem, A., ZaneOrganically Rich

EIA/ARI W

XIV-12

TRY

ospective ar

asin. Within

h 12 Tcf as t

Tindouf Bas

sate prospe

areas, Wes

as in-place,

on, Western

ion barrels

hale gas/con

oil resources

ypers, M.M.M., Kian/Turonian Blaand Early Sulph

es, B., 2000. “Lence Reviews, v

998. “Palaeoz. 

E & P in MoExplorationR%C3

ella, E., Craig, J. hest Horizons?”

World Shale Ga

rea in the Ta

n these two

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