xkofwe gqhfynk gurmiq igawn - official website of...

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gurmiq igAwndrjw - dUjw

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gqekFe LgqekFe LgqekFe LgqekFe LgqekFe LXow gquko ew/Nh, (F' q L r[L gqL ew/Nh)Xow gquko ew/Nh, (F' q L r[L gqL ew/Nh)Xow gquko ew/Nh, (F' q L r[L gqL ew/Nh)Xow gquko ew/Nh, (F' q L r[L gqL ew/Nh)Xow gquko ew/Nh, (F' q L r[L gqL ew/Nh)

;qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.

b/ye Lb/ye Lb/ye Lb/ye Lb/ye LvkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'r'nkDhvkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'r'nkDhvkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'r'nkDhvkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'r'nkDhvkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'r'nkDh

(n?wHJ/H Xow nfXn?B, gzikph, ;zrhs, ghn?uHvhH)

gqekFe LgqekFe LgqekFe LgqekFe LgqekFe L;eZso, Xow gquko ew/Nh;eZso, Xow gquko ew/Nh;eZso, Xow gquko ew/Nh;eZso, Xow gquko ew/Nh;eZso, Xow gquko ew/Nh(F' qL r[L gqL ew/Nh)(F' qL r[L gqL ew/Nh)(F' qL r[L gqL ew/Nh)(F' qL r[L gqL ew/Nh)(F' qL r[L gqL ew/Nh);qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.;qh nzfwqs;o.

gfjbh n?vhgfjbh n?vhgfjbh n?vhgfjbh n?vhgfjbh n?vh LLLLL;szpo 2012 ;szpo 2012 ;szpo 2012 ;szpo 2012 ;szpo 2012 - 15,000- 15,000- 15,000- 15,000- 15,000d{ih n?vhd{ih n?vhd{ih n?vhd{ih n?vhd{ih n?vh LLLLLwJh 2013 wJh 2013 wJh 2013 wJh 2013 wJh 2013 - 20,000- 20,000- 20,000- 20,000- 20,000shih n?vhshih n?vhshih n?vhshih n?vhshih n?vh LLLLLnr;s 2014 - 20,000nr;s 2014 - 20,000nr;s 2014 - 20,000nr;s 2014 - 20,000nr;s 2014 - 20,000

Skge LSkge LSkge LSkge LSkge Lr'bvB nk\;?N gq ?;,r'bvB nk\;?N gq ?;,r'bvB nk\;?N gq ?;,r'bvB nk\;?N gq ?;,r'bvB nk\;?N gq ?;,r[od[nkok okw;o ;kfjp, ;qh nzfwqs;o.r[od[nkok okw;o ;kfjp, ;qh nzfwqs;o.r[od[nkok okw;o ;kfjp, ;qh nzfwqs;o.r[od[nkok okw;o ;kfjp, ;qh nzfwqs;o.r[od[nkok okw;o ;kfjp, ;qh nzfwqs;o.

(doik-d{ik)(doik-d{ik)(doik-d{ik)(doik-d{ik)(doik-d{ik)

Bh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko L

gouk gfjbk-r[o fJfsjk; s/ r[opkDh;wK 3 xzzN/ e[b nze 100

(T) S/t/I gksFkj ih s'I d;t/I gksFkj ih se ;zy/g ihtB fJfsjk;40

(n) ezm pkDhnK—ig[ ih, 10 ;tZ:/ (;qktr ;[ZX),nBzd[ ;kfjp g{ok, ojokf;, ;'fjbk 20

(J) noE pkDhnK—ojokf;, ;'fjbk 20(;) d; gqFBK d/ ;zy/g T[&&Zso L

d; gqFBK d/ ;zy/g T[&&Zso L Gkr-T (r[o fJfsjk;)

ns/ Gkr-n (r[opkDh) ftZu'I j'Dr/. 20

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sseoksseoksseoksseoksseok;zd/F 5r[owfs frnkB ;zpzXh 6

S/t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 7;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih 25

nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih 34

B"t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih 42d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih 54

r[opkDh (gqFB-T[&&Zso) 75

r[opkDh ezm eoB bJh nfGnk;ig[ ih ;kfjp, sPgq;kfd– ;tZ:/– gkL À¿, nBzd[ ;kfjpojokf;, ;'fjbk 85-93

gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk 94-96

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(5)

1>tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj–1>tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj–1>tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj–1>tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj–1>tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj–

;zd/F;zd/F;zd/F;zd/F;zd/F

SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI Drm pRcwr kmytI gurmiq dy pRcwr qypRswr leI sdw hI XqnSIl rhI hY[ ieh ijQy sMgqW nMU gurmiq smwgmW/ kYNpW,sYmInrW, Dwrimk iPlmW/nwtkW rwhIN gurmiq dI bhup`KI jwxkwrI dyx leIkwrjSIl hY, auQy hI Awpxy Dwrimk pRIiKAw ivBwg rwhIN dyS dy v`K-v`K sUibAWivcly srkwrI Aqy ZYr-srkwrI skUlW/kwljW ivc duinAwvI iv`idAw pRwpq krrhy ividAwrQIAW nMU Drm dI iv`idAw gRihx krvwaux dy AwSy nwl ies pRIiKAwrwhIN gur-ieiqhws, is`K-ieiqhws, gurbwxI Aqy is`K rihq mrXwdw nMU idRVHkrvwaux leI cMgIAW pRwpqIAW kr rhI hY[ Drm pRcwr kmytI hr swl DwrimkpRIiKAw ivcoN s&l hox vwly ividAwrQIAW nMU l`KW rupey vzIPy Aqy pRmwx-p`qrdy ky invwjdI hY[

ljv 2012 dry Ziq f+yji wq[Bg rv'G Zjidqw figdtbj vHg drL[L a"i $a[ s'fplawJ A[rk a'G b,nrk wvjl a,w \epiqda debjV-siuj fdhvj| ba[ V"rk a'G Wji%rk wvjla,w \epiqda debjV-siuj sPuj| cj! dH>siuga dl>z e'e'bjSg-?jvlj wjvu b>Ddq+alifjl'G dabji wirjHgbJ m v[tw V[ s'r[G fplawJ Whpa hg rZgbj a[ liv T.e Vjv dabjiwgagbJ u' lqPh drdsbjiogbJ@ Zjidqw bdZbjfwJ a[ l.eaJ rv'G W[h,s fl.s wgagbJeHgbJ m dHV%J fplawJ sg q>e } q,Ds[-V;i i,tdsbJ Ziq f+yji wq[Bg rv'G Vrk b{cgLVAjfg uj ihg h{ m

q{G duo[ dHhVJ fplawJ s[ v[tw cj! dH>siuga dl>z e'e'bjSg } hjidsw rZjHg ds>sjhJ@ Rpo[ hg l! laWgi dl>z@ lw,ai-Ziq f+yji wq[Bg ba[ Zjidqw drFje s[ lqPh bqv[} rZjHg ds>sj hJ m epiqda debjV sj VrJ b{cgLV drdsbjiogbJ } F[B widsbJ q{G bfji?pLg qdhlPl wi dihj hJ m

gqXkB,F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh,

;qh nzfwqs;o.

r[o{ gzE dk dk;

(ntsko f;zx)

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(6) r[owfs frnkB

r[owfs frnkB ;zpzXhr[owfs frnkB ;zpzXhr[owfs frnkB ;zpzXhr[owfs frnkB ;zpzXhr[owfs frnkB ;zpzXhr[owfs frnkB dk Fkpfde noE ;gZFN j? fe ;fsr[oK d/ f;XKs dk frnkB

iK r[oK d/ Ekg/ Xow d/ fB:wK dh ikDekoh. nZi ;kv/ gk; fJ; ikDekoh dk w[ZynXko r[o fJfsjk;, r[opkDh, f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk j?, fi; dkv{zxk nfXn?B eoe/ fJe f;Zy d/ wB ftu,r[o{ d/ f;Zy j'D dk wkD g?dk jz[dk j?.

F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh dh Xow gquko ew/Nh tb'I ;e{bK-ekbiKd/ ftfdnkoEhnK ~ nkgD/ Xow s/ fto;/ gqsh fdOVQ eoB bJh jo ;kb Xkofwegqhfynk bJh iKdh j?. fJ; ftu tZvh frDsh ftu ftfdnkoEh Gkr b?Id/ jB. id'Af;b/p; ftu ;'X eoe/ BtK f;b/p; fB:s ehsk frnk sK fJ; ;pzXh S/thI s'IpkoQthI F/qDh se doik gfjbk s/ doik d{ik bJh ;zB 2012 ftu d' g[;seKfbyD dk ;[Gkr w?~ gqkgs j'fJnk. w?I ftfdnkoEhnK d/ gZXo ~ w[Zy oZy e/ e'fFFehsh j? fe ;w[Zu/ f;b/p; ~ ;ob, ;gZFN s/ nkw ;wMD :'r sohe/ Bkb jZb ehskikt/. fJe sK ftfdnkoEh Xkofwe ftZfdnk ~ F"Ae Bkb gVQB,d{;ok Xkofwegqhfynk ftu ;\bsk gqkgs eoB bJh T[sFkjs j'D ns/ sh;ok r[owfs frnkBgqsh ;gZFNsk th j't/.

fJj th ;ZukJh j? fe ni'e/ :[Zr ftu tkd-fttkd s/ d[fpXk g?dk eoBtkbh Bhsh Bkb'I ;w/I dh tZvh b'V j? fe f;Zy ftfdnkoEhnK ftu FoXk-GktBk,f;de, f;woB, r[owfs frnkB, uzrh ftfdnk,uzr/ ;z;eko, ihtB-iku s/ f;Zyj'D dk wkD g?dk ehsk ikt/. fJ; bJh nekdfwe ftfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb r[owfsfrnkB—fto;/ d/ tko; j'D dk fdqVQ ftFtk;, ;t? dk ftek;, nksw gqrk;(gqekF) ns/ ;dk ;dk ftrk; g?dk eodk j?. fJ; fwFB ~ w[Zy oZy e/ Xow gqukoew/Nh ekoiFhb j?.

epiqda debjV \siuj fdhvj a[ siuj sPuj| s'hJ hg fplawJ sgdrdsbjiogbJ a[ Zjidqw bdZbjfwJ rv'G FifPi f+l.lj h'Hg m Vrk b{cgLVsg f+wjLVj vHg q{G uo[sji braji dl>z ug@ f+ZjV L+'qSg epispbjijf+W.Zw wq[Bg ba[ l! laWgi dl>z ug@ lw,ai~Ziq f+yji wq[Bg sj bdaZ.Vrjsg hJ m dHl s[ Vjv bqvj Zjidqw figdtbj drFje@ q{V[ui e'vcVbjxl{B f+{Kl ba[ lqPh ldhI'eg epiqpt dfbjdibJ sj rg Z.Vrjsg hJ m

160-gqskg n?thfBT{, nzfwqs;o ;fseko ;fjsw'pkH 098159-85559 vkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'r'nkDh

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S/t/I gksFkj ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (7)

S/t/I gksFkjS/t/I gksFkjS/t/I gksFkjS/t/I gksFkjS/t/I gksFkj;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih

gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh–gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh–gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh–gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh–gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh–noiB ekfJnk gbfN e? w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh–noiB ekfJnk gbfN e? w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh–noiB ekfJnk gbfN e? w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh–noiB ekfJnk gbfN e? w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh–noiB ekfJnk gbfN e? w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh–ubh ghVh ;'Yhnk o{g[ fdyktfD tko' tkoh–ubh ghVh ;'Yhnk o{g[ fdyktfD tko' tkoh–ubh ghVh ;'Yhnk o{g[ fdyktfD tko' tkoh–ubh ghVh ;'Yhnk o{g[ fdyktfD tko' tkoh–ubh ghVh ;'Yhnk o{g[ fdyktfD tko' tkoh–dfb GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh–dfb GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh–dfb GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh–dfb GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh–dfb GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh–

(GkJh r[odk; ih)(GkJh r[odk; ih)(GkJh r[odk; ih)(GkJh r[odk; ih)(GkJh r[odk; ih)

Gkt noE L★★★★★ S/t/I gksFkj ih B/ gzi fgnkb/ (;s, ;zs'y, d:k, Xow, Xhoi d/

ghs/) s/ fJj p]fFF, gzi gho (;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih, ;qh r[o{ nzrdd/t ih, ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih, ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih, ;qh r[o{ noiBd/t ih) s'I gqkgs j'Jh. j[D Smw gho—(S/t/I ;fsr[o{ ;qh r[o{jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih) r[o Gkoh (tZv/ s/i gqskg tkb/) whoh-ghohdhnK s/rK gfjB e/ r[osk rZdh T[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j'J/.

★★★★★ fJj sK ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ jh nkgDh ekfJnK (;oho) pdbe/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk ;o{g XkoB eo fbnk.

★★★★★ j[D ;'YhnK dh ghVQh nZr/ s[o gJh s/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB tko' tkoh nkgDko{g fdyktDr/ Gkt tZy-tZy ikfwnK ftu ebk toskT[Dr/.

★★★★★ u"Eh gzesh ftu GkJh r[odk; ih eEB eod/ jB fe S/t/I gksFkj ;qhr[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dfbGziB (d[FwD d/ dbK ~ s'VB tkb/);{ow/, tZv/ :'X/ ns/ ;z;ko ~ ;Zu/ Xow dk T[gd/F d/D tkb/ wjkBgoT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ jB.

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(8) r[owfs frnkB

;zy/g ihtB doFB—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ihwksk L— wksk rzrk ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih

gqekF L—19 i{B 1595 JhH

;EkB L—r[o{ eh tvkbh, f}bQk nzfwqs;o;[gsBhnK L—;qh dw'doh ih, ;qh BkBeh ih, ;qh wjKd/th ih

;zskB L—pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;{oi wZb ih, nDh okfJ ih, nNZbokfJ ih, (;qh r[o{) s/r pjkdo ih (gzi ;g[Zso) ns/ phph tho' ih (;g[Zsoh)

r[o{ ekb L—25 wJh 1606 JhH s'I 3 wkou 1644 JhH

wjkB ekoi (goT[geko)wjkB ekoi (goT[geko)wjkB ekoi (goT[geko)wjkB ekoi (goT[geko)wjkB ekoi (goT[geko)whoh s/ ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjB e/, ghoh (Grsh) s/ whoh (Fesh)

Gkt Xow s/ okiBhsh dk ;[w/b ehsk. Xow s/ ;t?wkD dh oZfynk bJh f;Zy\"i fsnko ehsh. e"w ~ J/esk ftu g'qn e/ n}kd j;sh fdqVQ eotkT[DbJh ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp ih dh ;EkgBk ehsh. nzfwqs;o fty/ b'jrVQBkT[I dk febQk pDtkfJnk ns/ e"b;o s/ fpp/e;o—;o'to pDtkJ/. ipo}[bw Bkb i{MfdnK uko Xow :[ZX ehs/ s/ u"jK ftu \sfj gkJh. nB/eKBro t;kJ/ ns/ f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh d{o-d{o se :ksok ehsh.

i'sh i's L—3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/e[Zb T[wo L—48 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 15 fdB

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S/t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (9)

(T) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF, pkb-nt;Ek s/ ftZfdnk L

gzuw gksFkj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fkdh 1579 JhH ~ fgzv wT[,f}bQk ibzXo d/ tk;h ;qh feqFB uzd ih dh ;g[Zsoh rzrk d/th ih Bkb j'Jh.seohpB 15 ;kb phs rJ/, go nkg d/ xo ;zskB BjhI ;h j'Jh. nkg dktZvk GkJh fgqEh uzd fJj ;wMdk ;h fe r[o{ ih d/ xo e'Jh g[Zso BjhI, fJ;bJh w/ok g[Zso jh r[orZdh dk tko; j't/rk. fgqEh uzd dh ;[gsBh phph eow'B/ sK fJe fdB wksk rzrk ih ~ g[Zso Bk j'D dk w/jDk th wkfonk.

wksk rzrk ih B/ gzuw gksFkj ih ~ p/Bsh ehsh fe nkg ;z;ko ~p]fFFK eod/ j', ;G dhnK w[okdK g{ohnK jz[dhnK jB, go ;k~ ;zskB dhdks ed'I gqkgs j't/rh. fJj ;[D e/ r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe pkpk p[ZYk ihr[o{ BkBe xo d/ GiB pzdrh tkb/ wjK g[oy jB. T[jBK dh ;/tk eo' s/gq;zB j' e/ T[j p]fFF eoBr/. fJj rZb th ftukoB:'r j? fe Gkt/I gzuwgksFkj ih ;op ;woZE ;B, go eJh tko r[o{ ebk tosdh j? fe pzdrhtkbhnK o{jK ~ gqrN eoBk jz[dk j?. fJE/ gzuw gksFkj ih nfijh ebk jhtosk oj/ ;B ns/ @;kX puB# dh Fesh gqrN j'Dh ;h.

gzuw gksFkj ih dh nkfrnk gk e/ wksk rzrk ih B/ fwZ;/ gqFkd/, rzY/,bZ;h, wZyD nkfd FoXk Bkb fsnko ehs/ ns/ r[o{ eh phV i' nzfwqs;o s'Ithj e[ feb'whNo dh d{oh #s/ ;h, T[E/ gj[zu rJ/. T[; ;w/I pkpk p[ZYk ih dhT[wo 75 ;kb d/ eohp ;h. pkpk pZ[Yk ih pj[s gq;zB j'J/ ns/ fit/I fJe fgsknkgDh pZuh ~ nFhotkd fdzdk j?, fJ;/ soQK pkpk p[ZYk ih B/ puB ehskfe rzrk ih ! nkg d/ xo gowkswk nfijk wjKpbh g[oy G/i/rk i' d[FNKd/ f;o fJT[I GzB/rk fit/I n;hI rzYk GzfBnK j?. r[o fpbk; gksFkjh S/thInB[;ko wksk rzrk ih ~ pkpk p[ZYk ih B/ ;zp'XB jz[fdnK \[owkfJnk, @@s[wo/rqfj gqrN/rk i'Xk.##

fJj ;kX puB ;[D e/ wksk rzrk ih pj[s gq;zB j'J/ ns/ ][Fh Go/fjod/ Bkb nzfwqs;o gj[zu/.

;zB 1595 ftu wkM/ d/ fJbke/ #u pj[s ;]s n"V ekoB ekb g? frnk.gzuw gksFkj ih ekb ghVsK dh ;jkfJsk bJh fgzv-fgzv gj[zu oj/ ;B.T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dk fBtk; nkgD/ gfotko ;w/s nzfwqs;o s'I bfjzd/ gk;/S/ e[ whb dh ftZE #s/ S'N/ fij/ fgzv tvkbh fty/ ;h. nekb g[oy B/ fwjo

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(10) r[owfs frnkB

ehsh ns/ pkpk p[ZYk ih dh nodk; g{oh j'Jh. fJZE/ jh ;qh (r[o{) jfor'fpzd;kfjp ih dk gqekF 19 i{B 1595 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK dk gqekF ;EkBj'D eoe/ j[D fJj fgzv r[o{ eh tvkbh eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?. gzuwgksFkj ih B/ ;kfjp}kd/ d/ iBw dh ][Fh ftu @@;fsr[o ;ku? dhnk G/fi##Fpd T[uko e/ gowkswk dk F[eokBk ehsk. T[; ;w/I b'eK dh b'V ~ w[yoZy e/ ;g[Zso d/ iBw dh ][Fh ftu ;fsr[oK B/ S/ joNK tkbk y{jbrtkfJnk i' nZi fJe tZvk e;pk S/joNk ;kfjp eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?.

pkb jfor'fpzd ih dh T[wo d/ gfjb/ ;kb nzfwqs;o d/ bfjzd/ gk;/d/ fgzvK ftu jh phs/. T[Xo gzuw gksFkj ih dk tZvk Gok fgqEh uzd s/ T[;dh gsBh eow', Jhoyk t; pkb jfor'fpzd ih ~ ]sw eoBk ukj[zd/ ;B.T[jBK B/ p[oh Bhns Bkb eJh ]{Bh tko ehs/. gfjbK fJe dkJh ~ G/fink,fi; B/ Sksh T[&&Zgo }fjo bkJh j'Jh ;h. p[oh GktBk fJj ;h fe T[j pkb~ X'y/ Bkb d[ZX fgbk e/ wko d//t/rh, go }fjo ;]s j'D eoe/ T[j p/j'Fj' e/ wo rJh. fco fgqEh uzd B/ fJe ;g/o/ ~ G/fink fe T[j pkb d/ ;kjwD/;ZgK dk swkFk fdykt/rk s/ T[; dk f;ykfJnk ;Zg pkb jfor'fpzd ~ vzrwko/rk. fJ; xNBk ftu pkb jfor'fpzd ih B/ ;Zg dk f;o nkgDh w[Zmh ftux[ZN fbnk s/ ;Zg ]sw eo fdZsk. id fJj tko th ]kbh frnk sK fgqEhJ/B/ fJe o;'JhJ/ okjhI pkb jfor'fpzd ih ~ djhI ftu }fjo fwbk e/ ytkDkukfjnk. fJj th G/s y[ZbQ frnk s/ T[j o;'Jhnk g/N ftu ;]s dod j'Deoe/ wo frnk.

;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ ;'u ftuko e/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ tvkbh s'Inzfwqs;o p[bk fbnk. T[; ;w/I u/ue dh phwkoh th c?bh j'Jh ;h. fJ;phwkoh dk pkb jfor'fpzd ih T[&&Zgo th jZbk j'fJnk. fJ; phwkoh ~ nZiebQ ;wkb g"e; fejk iKdk j? s/ T[; ;w/I ;hsbk wksk dk efjo th fejkiKdk ;h. e[M b'eK B/ wksk rzrk ih ~ fejk fe ;hsbk dh g{ik eo', gogzuw gksFkj ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe, T[; fJe nekb g[oy s'I tZvh, j'o e'JhFesh BjhI j?. T[;/ dk jh Bkw ig', ;ko/ d[Zy d{o j'Dr/.# e[M jh fdBK ftupkb jfor'fpzd ih szdo[;s j' rJ/. gzuw gksFkj ih B/ gqG{ d/ F[eokB/ ftuFpd T[ukfonk L

;hsbk s/ ofynk fpjkoh– gkopqjw gqG feogk Xkoh–;hsbk s/ ofynk fpjkoh– gkopqjw gqG feogk Xkoh–;hsbk s/ ofynk fpjkoh– gkopqjw gqG feogk Xkoh–;hsbk s/ ofynk fpjkoh– gkopqjw gqG feogk Xkoh–;hsbk s/ ofynk fpjkoh– gkopqjw gqG feogk Xkoh–(gzBk 200)(gzBk 200)(gzBk 200)(gzBk 200)(gzBk 200)

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fJ; s'I ;k~ fJj f;Zfynk fwbdh j? fe f;Zy B/ fe;/ th d/th-d/ts/ iKepo-wVQh ~ BjhI wzBDk, ;r'I ;fsr[oK dh pkDh T[&&Zgo Go';k eoe/ f;woBeoBk j?. n;hI fJe nekb d/ g[ikoh jK s/ r[opkDh s'I tZvk j'o e'Jh th g{ikiK wzso BjhI j?.

j[D pkb jfor'fpzd ih dh T[wo S/ ;kb dh j' uZ[eh ;h. fJ; ;w/I gzuwgksFkj ih d/ gk; GiB pzdrh s/ T[&&Zuh eoBh tkb/ r[of;Zy GkJh r[odk;ih s/ pkpk p[ZYk ih ;B. gzuw gksFkj ih B/ pkb jfor'fpzd ih dh ftZfdnks/ f;ybkJh dh ;/tk pkpk p[ZYk ih ~ ;"Ig fdZsh. nZyoh ftZfdnk s/ BhshftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb x'V-;tkoh s/ F;soK dh f;ybkJh th pkbjfor'fpzd ih ~ fdZsh rJh. T[; ;w/I w[rab jkewK dhnK BhshnK s'I th ;k\fdZ; fojk ;h fe r[o{ xo d/ T[gd/FK Bkb b'eK ftu nkJh ikrosh ~ T[jg;zd BjhI eo oj/ ;B. fJ;/ bJh F;so ftZfdnk ftu ;qh jfor'fpzd ih dhw[jkos ~ t/y e/ pkpk p[ZYk ih efj fdnk eod/ ;B fe fJj i'Xk r[o{ BkBexo d/ d'yhnK ns/ ipo-}[bw dk Bk; eo/rk. ;qh jfor'fpzd ih ;ohoes"o #s/ pj[s ;[zdo s/ pbtkB ;B. doFB eoB tkb/ fBjkb j' iKd/ ;B.

(n) S/t/I gksFkj ih dh r[fonkJh, ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dhf;oiBk s/ f;Zy \"i L

@gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho - Smw[ gho p?mk r[o Gkoh#@gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho - Smw[ gho p?mk r[o Gkoh#@gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho - Smw[ gho p?mk r[o Gkoh#@gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho - Smw[ gho p?mk r[o Gkoh#@gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho - Smw[ gho p?mk r[o Gkoh#

gzuw gksFkj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih 30 wJh 1606 JhH ~ bkj"o fty/ijKrho pkdFkj dh szr-fdbh s/ Xkofwe eZNVg[D/ eoe/ Fjhd j' rJ/.gzuw gksFkj ih GftZy pko/ gfjbK jh ikD rJ/ ;B fe ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk;wK nk fojk j?. bkj"o ~ ikD ;w/I nkg ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ r[oskrZdh bJh Bh:s eo rJ/ ;B. fJ; d/ Bkb ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~skehd th ehsh fe pdb oj/ ;w/I nB[;ko F;sqXkoh j' e/ ofjDk, feT[Ifej[D fJ; xo Bkb s[oeK dh pD/rh BjhI. ;fsr[oK B/ wfj;{; eo fbnk ;hfe pr?o F;soK d/ f;Zy e"w dk puDk w[Feb j?.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 11 ;kb dh ;h id T[j nkgD/fgsk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd r[osk rZdh @s/ ;[GkfJwkBj'J/. id'I r[fonkJh dk fsbe brk e/ pkpk p[ZYk ih B/ T[; ;w/I dh gqubs

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(12) r[owfs frnkB

ohsh nB[;ko ★★★★★;/bQh-N'gh g/F ehsh sK S/t/I gksFkj ih B/ pkpk p[ZYk ih ~;fseko Bkb \[owkfJnk fe pkpk ih ! fJj t;sK j[[D s'F/]kB/ ftu ;KGfdU ns/ ;k~ d;sko, ebrh s/ sbtko p]F'.

pkpk p[ZYk ih B/ gq;zB j' e/ d;sko ns/ ebrh d/ Bkb ;fsr[oK ~whoh s/ ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjBkJhnK. whoh s''I Gkt ;z;koe wkwfbnK ftunrtkJh eoB tkbh @Fesh# bJh s/r ;h ns/ ghoh s'I Gkt nksfwe wzvbdh nrtkJh eoB tkbh @Grsh bJh# s/r ;h. fJ;/ eoe/ S/t/I gksFkj ih~ whoh-ghoh d/ wkbe fejk iKdk j?. ;fsr[oK B/ d;sko th Fkjh mkmtkbh ;ikJh ns/ r[osk rZdh t/b/ npd[Zbk s/ BZE wZb d' YkvhnK B/ fJjpho o; Gog{o tko rkfJB ehsh L

d' sbtkoK pZXhnK, fJe whoh dh fJe ghoh dh–d' sbtkoK pZXhnK, fJe whoh dh fJe ghoh dh–d' sbtkoK pZXhnK, fJe whoh dh fJe ghoh dh–d' sbtkoK pZXhnK, fJe whoh dh fJe ghoh dh–d' sbtkoK pZXhnK, fJe whoh dh fJe ghoh dh–fJe n}ws dh fJe oki dh, fJe okyh eo/ t}hoh dh–fJe n}ws dh fJe oki dh, fJe okyh eo/ t}hoh dh–fJe n}ws dh fJe oki dh, fJe okyh eo/ t}hoh dh–fJe n}ws dh fJe oki dh, fJe okyh eo/ t}hoh dh–fJe n}ws dh fJe oki dh, fJe okyh eo/ t}hoh dh–

fJ;/ bJh fejk iKdk j? fe f;Zy e"w ftu Ykvh tkoK dk gqubs j'DkS/t/I gksFkj ih dh p]fFF j?. fJj pjkdoh d/ o; dh tko ;[D e/ B"itkBKd/ v"b/ coe/ s/ e"w ftu BtK i'F mkmK wkoB bZrk. fco ;fsr[oK B/ w;zdK~ s/ T[jBK d/ okjhI ;zrsK ~ j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe nZr/ s'I pkeh G/NktK d/ Bkbuzr/ x'V/ s/ F;so th fbnkfJnk eo' ns/ nkg th x'V-;tkoh s/ F;soubkT[D dh iku f;Zy'. T[; ;w/I ijKrho dk fJj th n?bkB ;h fe e'Jh thnkgD/ p?mD bJh fBZih EVQk th d' c[ZN s'I T[&&Zuk BjhI oZy ;edk. ;fsr[oKB/ @;qh nekb s]s# dh ;EkgBk dk n?bkB ehsk. nodk; eoB T[gozs ;qhr[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ s]s ;kfjp dh gfjbh fJZN nkgD/ gftZso eo-ewbK Bkb oZyh. fJ; s]s ~ pkpk p[ZYk ih ns/ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ ;zg{oBehsk. fJ; dk t/otk r[ofpbk; gksFkjh S/thI ftu fJT[I doi j? L

fe;h oki Bfj jkE brk:'– p[ZY/ n"o r[odk; pBk:'–fe;h oki Bfj jkE brk:'– p[ZY/ n"o r[odk; pBk:'–fe;h oki Bfj jkE brk:'– p[ZY/ n"o r[odk; pBk:'–fe;h oki Bfj jkE brk:'– p[ZY/ n"o r[odk; pBk:'–fe;h oki Bfj jkE brk:'– p[ZY/ n"o r[odk; pBk:'–

fJ; T[&&Zu/ s]s dk neko 14 c[ZN bzpk, 8 c[ZN u"Vk s/ 7 c[ZN T[&&Zuk ;h.S/t/I ;fsr[oK ;w/I ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp f;o\ gZe/ EVQ/ d/ o{g ftu ;[F'fGsfojk, fi; T[&&Zgo pkdFkjK tKr f;zxk;B ;ik e/, r[o{ ih d' sbtkoK gfjBe/ ;h; T[&&Zgo ebrh, w'Y/ T[&&Zgo XB[F s/ shoK dk GZEk ;ik e/ ;zrsK ~

★★★★★fJj T[B iK o/Fw dh r[zdthI oZ;h i' ;zs-\eho N'gh iK ;k\/ T[Zgo pzBQd/ ;B.

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fBjkb eod/ ;B. fJE/ ;fsr[o{ nfXnksfwe T[gd/F fdzd/ ns/ ;zrsK dhnrtkJh eod/ ;B. fJ;/ s]s #s/ ;i e/ b'eK d/ MrV/ fBp/Vd/, \?;bk;[DkT[Id/ s/ j[ewBkw/ ikoh eod/ ;B. id'I fJE/ Ykvh pho o;h tkoK rkT[Id/sK e"w ftu i'F Godk ;h. fJ; wo:kdk B/ f;Zy e"w ~ T[wkj p]fFnk.gzuw gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd fiBQK f;ZyK T[&&Zgo fBokFk dk gqGkt;h T[j uVQdh ebk tkb/ wjkB :'X/ pD rJ/. o'}kBk jh f;Zy pj[s T[sFkjBkb x'V/, F;so ns/ itkBhnK G/N eod/. ;fsr[oK B/ u'Dt/I ptzik i'X/nkgD/ Bkb oZy bJ/ i' f;o eZY itkB ;B s/ T[jBK Bkb \"i dk w[ZY pZMfrnk. T[jBK dh uVQs ~ t/yfdnK wkM/, wkbt/ s/ d[nkp/ d/ gzi ;" B"itkB;fsr[oK dh \"i ftu nk Fkwb j'J/. T[jBK B/ fJj th gqD ehsk fe T[j r[o{xo d/ j[ew dh gkbDk eofdnK f;o-XV dh pk}h bk d/Dr/. ;fsr[oK B/T[jBK ~ x'V/ s/ F;so fdZs/. fJ; soQK fJe :'fXnK dh \"i fsnko j' rJh.;fsr[oK B/ fJe Brkok th fsnko eotkfJnk ns/ fBFkB th M[bkfJnk. fJj;zs-f;gkjhnK dh \"i ;h. fit/I tZXdh skes ~ febQ/ dh b'V jz[dh j?, fJt/I;fsr[oK B/ bzph thuko s'I pknd nzfwqs;o ftu fJe febQk pDkfJnk s/ fJ;dk BK b'jrVQ oZfynk frnk. f;ZyK dk fJj gfjbk febQk j?. fJ; d/ Bkbe"w d/ j";b/ j'o p[bzd j'J/ s/ ;t? ftFtk; dh GktBk pbtkB j'Jh.

f;Zyh d/ wjkB ftnkfynkeko GkJh r[odk; ih B/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd;kfjp ih dh ;];hns dk toBD eofdnK fJj' ftuko fdZsk j? @Smw ghop?mk r[o Gkoh.# Gkt S/t/I gksFkj (Smw gho) tZv/ s/i gqskg tkb/ jB. fe;/ijKrho tor/ }kbw pkdFkj dh gqtkj BjhI, ;r'I d' s/rK gfjBhnK, s]sf;ofink, j[ewBkw/ G/i/, \"iK fsnko ehshnK, febQ/ pDkJ/, pho o;htkoK gqubs j'JhnK, e"w ~ F;soXkoh pDkfJnk, Brko/ yVe/, fBFkBM{b/ s/ T[u/ s]s T[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j' e/ f;Zy e"w dh nrtkJh ehsh. fJ;dk w{b nXko eh ;h < S/t/I gksFkj ih B/ gzi fgnkb/, @@;s-;zs'y-d:k-Xow-Xhoi## d/ ghs/ ns/ fJj p]fFF gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh ;h. fJ;/~ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ gzi gho fejk j?.(J) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih pzdh-S'V ;fsr[o{ fet/I ejkJ/ L

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih tZb'I ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh ;EkgBk,f;Zy \"i dh f;oiDk ns/ uVQdh ebk tkbh FkB' F"es ~ t/y e/ r[o{-xod/ d'yhnK B/ fJj ;kohnK rZbK ijKrho se tXk uVQk e/ g[ZidhnK ehshnK.

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(14) r[owfs frnkB

T[jBK fejk fe jfor'fpzd ih B/ \"i oZy bJh j?, Brko/ tikT[Id/ jB,fBFkB M{bd/ jB, fFeko bJh uVQd/ jB, nkgD/ bJh s]s pDk fbnkj? ns/ ;zrsK T[jBK ~ ;Zuk gksFkj efjzdhnK jB. fJj fJe fdB je{wsbJh ]soBke ;kps j'Dr/.

w[rab pkdFkj fJjBK fsnkohnK s'I vo frnk. T[; B/ gfjbk ezw fJjehsk fe gzuw gksFkj ih ~ s;hj/ d/D tkb/ w[os}k ]kB ~ gzikp dkBtkp Ekg fdZsk. T[; B/ ijKrho e'b'I ;fsr[oK dh frq\skoh d/ j[ew fbnke/ t}ho ]kB s/ r[zuk p/r ~ r[o{ ih gk; G/fink fe T[j nkro/ g/F j'D. r[o{ih B/ gqw[Zy f;ZyK Bkb ;bkj ehsh ns/ fszB e[ ;" ;{ow/ Bkb b? e/ soBskoB, r'fJzdtkb, d[nkp/ s/ wkbt/ ftu dh j[zd/ j'J/ fdZbh g[Zi/. e[M ;wKpkdFkj B/ T[jBK dk nkdo Gk ehsk ns/ T[jBK ~ g/qo e/ nkgDk fwZsopDkT[D dk :sB ehsk. T[; ~ fJj th :ehB j' frnk fe ;qh r[o{ noiBd/t ih dh Fjhdh B/ f;ZyK ~ s/ T[jBK d/ r[o{ ~ G?-Ghs eoB dh EK, ;r'Idb/o s/ fBoG? eo fdZsk j?. T[; B/ ;'funk fe f;ZyK ~ dpkT[Dk ukjhdk j?.

fJj xNBk 1609 JhH dh j? id ijKrho B/ r[o{ ih ~ Fkjh e?dh dhj?;hns ftu 12 ;kb dh e?d dk j[ew ;[Dk e/ rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu G/ifdZsk. rtkbhno fJe pdBkw febQk ;h. T[; ;w/I fJj rZb gquZbs ;h fefi; e?dh s'I S[Nekok gkT[Dk jz[dk ;h, T[; ~ rtkbhno pzdh pDk e/ G/ifdZsk iKdk ;h. nepo pkdFkj B/ Fkjh e?dh fJE/ oZyD dh ohs s'oh ;h.y[;o' dh w"s s'I pknd eJh okig{sK s/ gjkVh okfinK B/ ijKrho dh JhBBjhI ;h wzBh ns/ prkts ehsh ;h. fJfsjk; ftu fJjBK dh frDsh 52fbyh j?. fJjBK e?dhnK T[&&Zgo pj[s ;]sh ehsh iKdh ;h.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu nkT[D Bkb;G e?dh okfinK ftu ][Fh dh bfjo d"V rJh. gfjb/ fdB jh id T[jBKB/ ;fsr[oK d/ doFB ehs/ sK T[jBK ~ ikfgnk fe ;k~ pzdh ftu'I S[vkDtkbk wfjow nk frnk j?. ;fsr[oK dh pzdrh tkbh d?th F];hns dk;GBK T[&&Zgo gqGkt g?Dk e[dosh ;h. T[Xo f;ZyK ftu ;fsr[oK d/ pzdh pDBBkb p/u?Bh tZX rJh. pkpk p[ZYk ih s/ GkJh r[odk; ih dh nrtkJh j/m f;Zye"w B/ o'; eoBk nkozfGnk. oks ~ fwFkbK irk e/ f;Zy Fpd gVQd/ s/ftykt/ eod/ ;B. eJh iZE/ gzikp s'I uZb e/ rtkbhno g[Zid/ s/ febQ/ dhgoeowk eoe/ ifEnK dh Feb ftu tkg; w[Vd/. fJXo fiZE/ f;Zy e"w ftu

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p/u?Bh ;h, T[Xo ;kJhI whnK who ih th e'fFF ftu ;B. T[jBK dk fJjgqGkt ;h fe ijKrho dh gsBh B{oijkB Fkdh s'I gfjbK bkj"o fty/ ;kJhIwhnK who ih d/ doFBK bJh eJh tko rJh ;h. T[; T[&&Zgo ;{\h f]nkbKdk gqGkt ;h. ;kJhI whnK who ih s'I jh gzuw gksFkj ih B/ ;qh jfowzdo;kfjp ih dh BhIj oytkJh ;h. ijKrho d/ j[ew Bkb id gzuw gksFkjih ~ Fjhd ehsk frnk sK ;kJhI whnK who ih pj[s p/u?B oj/ ;B. j[DT[jBK bJh u[Zg ofjDk w[Feb j' frnk ;h.

e[M ;w/I pknd ijKrho pj[s ;]s phwko j' frnk. id'I jehwK s'Imhe j'D dh nk; w[Ze rJh sK B{oijkB B/ ghoK \ehoK dk ;jkok fbnk.id B{oijkB nkgD/ gsh ijKrho ~ \eho fB}kw-T[d-dhB n"bhnk gk;b? e/ nkJh sK T[E/ ;kJhI whnK who ih th p?m/ ;B. ;kok jkb ikD e/ T[;\eho s/ ;kJhI whnK who ih B/ fejk fe fJj ]soBke phwkoh T[; gho ~d[Zy d/D eoe/ j?. fJ; rZb dk ijKrho T[&&Zgo n?;k n;o j'fJnk fe T[;B/ rbsh bJh gSsktk ehsk. ijKrho B/ tkg; nk e/ ibdh jh ;fsr[oKdh fojkJh dk j[ew G/fink.

rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu ;fsr[oK dh pzdh dk ;wK ;tk e[ d' ;kbpDdk j?. t}ho ]kB ;fsr[oK dh fojkJh dk j[ew b? e/ rtkbhno g[ZiksK r[o{ ih B/ fJeZfbnK fojkn j'D s'I fJBeko eo fdZsk. ;fsr[oK\[owkfJnk, id skJhI fJj p/d'F/ ptzik oki/ e?d ftu'I fojkn Bjh ehs/iKd/, sd se n;hI th pkjo ikD bJh fsnko BjhI jK. id'I fJj rZbijKrho se g[Zih sK T[; B/ fejk fe fisB/ e?dh r[o{ dk gZbk cV e/ pkjofBeb ikDr/, T[j fojkn j' ikDr/. ;woZE ;fsr[oK B/ ptzik ebhnKtkbk u'bk gfjB e/ ptzik okfinK ~ pzdh s'I w[es eotkfJnk. fJ;fJfsjk;e xNBk s'I gqGkts j' e/ f;Zy e"w s/ pkeh ;wki r[o{ ih ~ pzdhS'V dksk efjD bZr gJ/. fJj xNBk 1612 JhH dh j? id ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd;kfjp ih rtkbhno s'I nzfwqs;o gjz[u/ sK T[j dhtkbh dk fdB ;h. f;ZyKB/ ][Fh ftu fxT[ d/ dhg ibkJ/ ns/ fwfmnkJhnK tzvhnK. T[; ;w/I s'I f;ZygzE dhtkbh d/ fdB ~ pzdh S'V fdt; ti'I wBkT[Idk j?. ni'e/ ;w/I ftuth fJ; fdB S/t/I gksFkj ih d/ f;oi/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s'I ;qh nekbs]s ;kfjp d/ iZE/dko ih f;Zy e"w d/ BkT[I ;zd/F ikoh eod/ jB.

;fsr[oK d/ fJ; fJfsjk; ~ g/F eofdnK jh fe;/ eth B/ fbfynk,

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(16) r[owfs frnkB

@@pzdh S'V ;fsr[oK, pzdhUI pzdh S[vkfJnk pzdhnK ~#. fJ; s'I pkndijKrho ~ nkgD/ gkgK dk n?;k nfj;k; j'fJnk fe T[; B/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd;kfjp ih Bkb d[FwDh tkbk ftjko fsnkr e/ fwZsosk g?dk eo bJh.;fsr[oK B/ th fJ; FKsh d/ ;w/I ftu d{o-d{o se f;Zy Xow dk gquko ehsk.(;) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gfotko, t;kJ/ Bro s/ n;EkB L

gfotko L—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dhnK fszB ;[gsBhnK ;B.nkg ih dh gfjbh Fkdh vZbk fBtk;h, ;qh BkokfJD dk; ih dh ;g[Zsoh;qh dw'doh ih Bkb j'Jh. fJjBK dh e[Zy'I pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, phph tho' ihs/ nDh okfJ ih dk iBw j'fJnk.

;fsr[oK dh d{ih Fkdh pekbk fBtk;h ;qh joh uzd ih dh ;g[ZsohBkBeh ih Bkb j'Jh. wksk BkBeh ih dh e[Zy'I pkpk nNZb okfJ ih ns/ ;qh(r[o{) s/r pjkdo ih dk iBw j'fJnk.

;fsr[oK dh sh;oh Fkdh wzfvnkbh fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk okw ih dh;g[Zsoh wjKd/th ih Bkb j'Jh s/ fJjBK dh e[Zy'I ;qh ;{oi wZb ih B/ iBwfbnk. ;fsr[oK d/ gzi ;g[Zso s/ fJe Xh ;h.

t;kJ/ Bro s/ n;EkB L— ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ 1606 JhHftu ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh ;EkgBk ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ ehsh. ;?fBeFesh ~ w[y oZy e/ 1609 JhH ftu b'jrVQ BkT[I dk febQk fsnko eotkfJnk.fJ; soQK nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fty/ f;ZyK dk gfjbk s]s ns/ gfjbk febQk;Ekgs j'fJnk. fJ; s'I fJbktk bkj"o d/ febQ/ d/ gk; fiZE/ ;qh r[o{ noiBd/t ih i'sh i's ;wkJ/ ;B, T[E/ v/jok ;kfjp bkj"o 1612 JhH ftu ;Ekgsehsk.

;fsr[oK B/ ehosg[o ;kfjp 1626 JhH ftu efjb{o d/ okik skok uzdgk;'I }whB ]ohd e/ t;kfJnk ns/ r[o{ ih 1634 JhH ftu fJE/ nk e/ t;/ s/fco nzs ;w/I se fJE/ jh oj/. fJ;/ soQK wfjoki Bro wkbt/ ftu r[o{ ihB/ 1627 JhH ftu t;kfJnk. fJe tko f;Zyh dk gquko eod/ eod/ r[o{ ih idbkj"o rJ/ sK w[izr fty/ ;kJhI whnK who ih doFB bJh nkJ/. T[jBK fejkfe ek}h o[;sw ]kB dh Xh phph e"bK ;kvh w[ohd j? s/ ][dk dh pzdrheodh j?. T[j nkg d/ ;fs;zr s'I gqGkts j?. T[; dk fgT[ T[; ~ ek\o j'rJh ;wM e/ esb eoBk ukjz[dk j?, fJ; bJh s[;hI T[; ~ gBkj fdT[.

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;fsr[oK B/ ;kJhI ih Bkb gBkj d/D dk fJeoko ehsk. phph e"bK nzfwqs;ogj[zu rJh s/ T[; ~ tZyok wekB fdZsk frnk. T[j GiB pzdrh eodh ojh.;fsr[oK B/ 1624 JhH ftu fJe skb F[o{ eotkfJnk i' 1627 JhH ftu ;zg{oBj'fJnk. fJ; dk BkT[I phph e"bK d/ BK T[s/ e"b;o oZfynk frnk.

;zB 1628 ftu ;fsr[oK B/ fpp/eh f;zxK d/ fNeD bJh fiZE/ r[o{ ihf;ZyK ~ T[gd/F eod/ jz[d/ ;B, T[E/ fpp/e;o ;o'to fsnko eotkfJnk. ;qhnzfwqs;o ;kfjp d/ gzi ;o'toK ftu'I d' ;o'to e"b;o s/ fpp/e;o S/t/IgksFkj dh ih p]fFF Bkb fsnko j'J/ jB. fJ;/ soQK ;qh r[o{ noiB d/tih B/ 1597 JhH ftu f}bQk r[odk;g[o fty/ jfor'fpzdg[o Bro t;kfJnk ;h.pknd ftu uzd{ dh Fokos Bkb fJj fgzv GrtkB dk; x/oV ~ fwb frnk.;zB 1630 ftu id S/t/I gksFkj ih fJE/ nkJ/ sK fJE/ :[ZX th j'fJnk. fJE/;fsr[oK B/ w[;bwkB GoktK bJh fJe w;hs th pDtkJh. ;fsr[oK dhF];hns ;zpzXh GkJh r[odk; ih B/ @pv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh# fbfynk j?.fJ; gqeko pj[ goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ B/ ;w{j XowK dk ;fseko eofdnKwB[Zysk ~ ihtB ihD dh iku f;ykJh.(j) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ uko izr L

;zB 1627 ftu ijKrho dh w"s j' rJh ns/ T[; s'I pknd T[; dk g[ZsoFkjijkB rZdh #s/ p?mk. fJ; Bt/I pkdFkj dh Bhsh r?o w[;bwkBK gqshuzrh BjhI ;h. ijKrho B/ sK ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkb uzrh B/VskekfJw eo bJh ;h. T[; ~ r[o{ xo Bkb ehs/ nkgD/ gkgK dk nfj;k; th}o{o ;h. ;zB 1612 s'I 1627 se FKswJh ;wK ;h. fJXo r[o{ xo dk fwFB;Zu/ Xow dk gquko s/ g;ko eoBk ;h. Gkt/I ;fsr[oK gk; seVh \"i ;h,go T[jBK feXo/ th izr ~ gfjb BjhI fdZsh.

T[Xo r[o{ xo d/ d'yh, fijBK ~ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp s/ ijKrhodh B/Vsk uzrh BjhI bZrdh ;h, T[jBK B/ w"ek gk e/ FkjijkB d/ ezB GoB/F[o{ eo fdZs/. fJ; ;w/I fgqEh dk g[Zso fwjopkB s/ uzd{ dk g[Zso eow uzdgZr tZN Gok pD rJ/. fJjBK B/ th nB/eK ;kiFK xVBhnK F[o{ eofdZshnK. d{i/ gk;/ FkjijkB dh Bhsh gfjbK jh mhe BjhI ;h.

;zB 1628 dh xNBk j? fe fJe fdB FkjijkB nzfwqs;o d/ BidhefFeko y/v fojk ;h. T[Xo f;ZyK dk fJe iZEk th fFeko y/vD frnk. Fkjh

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(18) r[owfs frnkB

pki ~ f;ZyK d/ pki B/ ik dp'funk. id'I pkdFkj d/ fFekohnK B/ f;ZyKe'b'I nkgDk pki wzfrnk sK fJjBK fJBeko eo fdZsk. fFekohnK B/FkjijkB ~ fejk fe nZi f;ZyK B/ pki ~ jZE gkfJnk j? sK eZbQ ski ~ thgkT[Dr/. FkjijkB d/ efjD s/ fJe \"ih N'bh w[]fb; ]K dh ewkB j/mG/ih rJh. fJXo r[o{ ih izr bJh fsnko BjhI ;B, feT[Ife T[jBK dh;g[Zsoh phph tho' ih d/ ftnkj dh fsnkoh j' ojh ;h. id ;fsr[oK ~FkjijkB dhnK \"iK dh uVQkJh dk gsk bZrk sK T[jBK B/ nkgD/ ;/teKBkb \?;bk ehsk fe Fkjh \"i dk Nkeok ehsk ikt/.

;fsr[oK dh fJj gfjbh izr 1628 JhH ~ ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fgZgbh;kfjp d/ bkr/ w"i{dk ]kb;k ekbi d/ ;EkB #s/ j'Jh. fJj :Z[X fszB fdBjz[dk fojk. Fkjh \"i eJh r[Dk ;h, go fJXo f;Zyh f;de }[bw Bkb vZNe/ i{fMnk. fJ; izr dk nzs Bk jz[dk t/y e/ w[]fb; ]K B/ nkjw' ;kjwD/d[tZb/ :[ZX bJh ;fsr[oK ~ tzrkfonk. dfbGizB r[o ;{ow/ gksFkj B/w[]fb; ]K ~ gfjbK tko eoB dk ;wK fdZsk, go T[; dk tko ]kbh frnk.c/o ;fsr[oK B/ yzv/ Bkb n?;k tko ehsk fe w[]fb; ]K Yfj Y/oh j' frnk.T[; dh w"s s'I pknd Fkjh \"i ~ GkiVK g? rJhnK. f;Zy \"iK dh fiZs j'Jh.fJ; izr ftu GkJh fpXh uzd s/ g?Id/ ]K nkfd :'fXnK B/ uzr/ eoko/ jZEfdykJ/. f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu w[rabK s/ f;ZyK ftueko fJj gfjbh izr ;h.;fsr[oK B/ nekb g[oy dk F[eokBk ehsk ns/ Mpkb ik e/ phph tho' ihd/ ftnkj dh wo:kdk fBGkJh.

;fsr[oK dh d{ih izr 1629 JhH ~ ibzXo d/ jkew npd[Zbk ]K Bkbj'Jh. fJj ;qh jfor'fpzdg[o dh izr ejh iKdh j?. fJj Bro gzuw gksFkjih B/ 1597 JhH ftu t;kfJnk ;h. ;fsr[oK dh Fjhdh s'I pknd uzd{ dhFokos Bkb fJj fgzv,, GrtkB dk; x/oV ~ fwb frnk. nkgDhnKp[ohnK BhshnK ekoB T[j f;ZyK jZE'I wkfonk frnk. ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd;kfjp ih 1630 JhH ftu fJE/ rJ/. GrtkB dk; d/ g[Zso osB uzd B/ ibzXod/ \"idko npd[Zbk ]K gk; \fonkd ehsh. T[j tZvh \"i ukVQ fbnkfJnk.fJE/ xw;kB dk :[ZX j'fJnk. fJ; :[ZX ftu npd[Zbk ]K d/ woB dh d/o ;hfe T[; dh \"i GZi fBebh. f;Zy \"iK dh \sfj j'Jh. ;fsr[oK dk Bk sKfe;/ Bkb t?o ;h ns/ Bk jh T[jBK B/ fe;/ Xosh T[&&Zgo ep}k ehsk. fJE/jfor'fpzdg[o fty/ ;fsr[oK B/ GrtkB dk; x/oV d/ xo tkb/ ;EkB T[&&Zgo

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w[;bwkBK bJh w;hs pDk e/ fdZsh.

;fsr[oK dh shih izr 1631 JhH ~ wkbt/ d/ fgzv wfjoki (wokM) fty/j'Jh. r[o{ ih T[; fJbke/ ftu Xow gquko bJh rJ/ ;B fe ekpb s'I nkJ/fJe w;zd B/ tkosk ;[DkJh fe T[j ;fsr[oK bJh fdbpkr s/ r[bpkr Bkwd/ d' x'V/ ;zrsK tb'I G/N ehs/ fbnk fojk ;h. T[j x'V/ bkj"o d/ Btkp d/efjD T[s/ \"idko bZbk p/r B/ y'j bJ/ jB. fJj d't/I x'V/ GkJh fpXh uzdih B/ fJe tko xkjh pD e/ s/ d{ih tko Bi{whnK pD e/ r[o{-xo w'V thfbnKd/. T[Xo Fkjh dopko B/ nkgDh jZse ;wMh. ewo p/r s/ bZbk p/rthj j}ko d/ brGr \"i b? e/ :[ZX bJh nkJ/. wfjoki dh y[ZbQh i{j ftud'jK dbK dk Nkeok j'fJnk. gfjb/ fdB g{ok xw;kB dk :[ZX j'fJnk s/f;Zy f;gkjhnK d/ j"I;b/ g{o/ p[bzd ;B. d{i/ fdB bZbk p/r B/ r[o{ ih ~d[tZb/ :[ZX bJh bbekfonk. ;fsr[oK B/ bZbk p/r ~ tko eoB dh gfjbfdZsh. id T[; dk tko ]kbh frnk sK r[o{ ih B/ n?;k tko ehsk fe bZbkp/r d/ Xosh T[&&Zgo fvZrD dh d/o ;h fe Fkjh \"i GZi yb'sh. f;Zy \"iK dh\sfj j'Jh s/ ;fsr[oK B/ nekb g[oy dk F[eokBk ehsk. fco Fjhd f;ZyKdk ;;eko ehsk frnk ns/ w[;bwkBK dhnK d/jK ~ dcBkfJnk frnk. fiZE/fJj izr j'Jh T[E/ r[o{ ih B/ fJe ;o'to @r[o{ ;o# pDtkfJnk i' BEkB/ fgzvd/ gk; j?.

;fsr[oK dh u"Eh izr 1634 JhH ~ eoskog[o (ibzXo) fty/ j'Jh. r[o{ih wkbt/ s/ d[nkp/ #u Xow gquko eod/ 1632 ftu eoskog[o nk rJ/. shihizr dk jkb ;[D e/ pj[s ;ko/ f;Zy d{o'I-d{o'I ;fsr[oK d/ doFB eoB nkoj/ ;B. ;fsr[oK dh \"i ftu gmkD th B"eo ;B, fijBK ftu g?Id/ ]K th;h. r[o{ ih B/ fJ; ~ ohM Bkb gkfbnk ;h, go fJj ibdh jh jzekoh j'frnk. fco fJ; ~ \"i ftZu'I eZY fdZsk frnk. b'e w[jktok j?, @jzekfonk;' wkfonk.# fJj Bwe jokwh g?Id/ ]K ibzXo d/ \"idko okjhI bkj"o d/;{p/dko ~ fwb e/ ekb/ ]K dh ewkB j/m tZvh \"i ukVQ fbnkfJnk. fJjekb/ ]K T[; w[]fb; ]K dk Gok ;h i' nzfwqs;o dh izr ftu ;fsr[oK jZE'Id[tZb/ :[ZX ftu wkfonk frnk ;h. T[Xo s[oe sB]kjdko ;h s/ fJXo f;Zyf;gkjh ;t? n}kdh s/ nDy bJh w?dkB/ izr ftu f;de Bkb i{M oj/ ;B.fJ;/ izr ftu ;fsr[oK d/ s/oK ;kbK d/ ;g[Zso s/r wZb ih B/ s/r d/ uzr/ i"joftykJ/ s/ T[jBK ~ r[o{ fgsk ih s'I s/r pjkdo dk fyskp fwfbnk. fJ; izr

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(20) r[owfs frnkB

ftu GkJh fpXh uzd s/ pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/ th seVh nrtkJh ehsh. idekb/ ]K s/ n;wkB ]K fJ; izr ftu wko/ rJ/ sK g?Id/ ]K B/ ;fsr[oK ~ nkjw';kjwD/ bVkJh bJh bbekfonk. ;fsr[oK B/ T[; ~ th gfjbK tko eoBdh gfjb fdZsh. T[; B/ jzeko ftu fszB tko ehs/, go id ;fsr[oK B/ tkoehsk sK g?Id/ ]K Xosh T[&&Zgo Y/oh j' frnk. goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ B/ T[; ~Ykb dh SK eoe/ fejk, g?Id/ ]K ! ][dk ~ :kd eo b?. g?Id/ ]K dk jzekoN[ZN frnk s/ efjzdk, ;Zu/ gksFkj ! s[;hI jh w/o/ ][dk j'. g?Id/ ]K ~ Y/ohj'fJnk d/y e/ Fkjh ;?Bk d/ jko/ f;gkjh w?dkB SZv e/ BZ; rJ/. eoskog[odh izr \sfj j'Jh. ;fsr[oK B/ Fjhd f;ZyK dk ;;eko ehsk ns/ eoskog[odh ;zGkb eoe/ ehosg[o ;kfjp tZb otkBk j' rJ/. fJ; soQk ;fsr[oK B/uko izrK bVhnK ns/ jo tkoh T[jBK dh fiZs j'Jh.(e) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzzd ;kfjp ih dk Xow gquko s/ nZr'I r[osk rZdh L

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 11 ;kb dh T[wo ftu 1606 JhH ~ r[oskrZdh T[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j'J/. fJj nkg ih d/ gquko dk jh ewkb ;h fe gzuwgksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd f;Zy e"w ftu wk:{;h BjhI j'D fdZsh. d{ikgZy fJj th j? fe ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I pknd S/t/I gksFkj ih f;Zyh d/gquko bJh gzikp s'I pkjo d{o-d{o se rJ/. ;fsr[o{ ih T[so ftu eFwhose ns/ g{op ftu ghbhGhs d/ bkr/ BkBe ws/ se rJ/. ;w/I d/ jkewK d/dZp/ s/ fbskV/ b'e r[o{ ih d/ gquko s'I gqGkts j' e/ XVk XV f;Zyh XkoBeod/ s/ p/nzs fjzd{ s/ w[;bwkB f;Zy pD rJ/.

S/t/I gksFkj ih B/ gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ;kfjpkB Bkb i' th ;pzfXs ;EkB;B, T[jBK dh :ksok ehsh. T[E/ :kdrkoK th pDkJhnK ns/ fJjBKr[od[nkfonK ftu pekfJdk g{ik gkm eoB d/ gqpzX th gZe/ ehs/.

;zB 1612 ftu nkg rtkbhno s'I pzdh okfinK ~ w[es eok e/ o;s/ftu gquko eod/ nzfwqs;o gXko/ ;B. seohpB 1627 JhH se 15 ;kb dk;wK FKswJh fojk. r[o{ ih wkM/ ftu f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh rJ/. fJE/ jh uZp/fgzv dh ;[bZyDh BK dh n"os B/ ;fsr[oK gk;'I ;zskB dh dks wzrh ;h. fJ;d/ xo ;Zs g[ZsoK B/ iBw fbnk, fijBK B/ ;w/I-;w/I r[o{ xo ftu oZi e/;/tk ehsh. wkM/ d/ fgzvK ftu Xow gquko eod/ r[o{ ih d[nkp/ d/ fJbke/ fturJ/. nkg B/ w[Zy fNekDk eoskog[o ;kfjp oZfynk. fJbke/ dhnK ;zrsK

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tjhoK xZs e/ doFBK bJh nkJhnK. ;fsr[oK d/ d?th ;o{g s'I gqGkts j' e/e[M gmkD th f;Zy \"i ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. fJ; soQK wkM/ s/ d[nkp/ ftu f;Zyhgqc[Zbs j'Jh.

e[M ;wK nzfwqs;o fpsk e/ ;fsr[o{ bkj"o d/ fJbke/ ftu rJ/. T[E/gquko d/ Bkb-Bkb ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih d/ gqekF n;EkB u{Bk wzvh bkj"odh T[;koh eotkJh. fJE/ ;/tk ;zGkb s/ gquko bJh e[M f;ZyK ~ Bh:s ehsk.fco nzfwqs;o gos e/ eFwho tZb otkBk j'J/. T[E'I ;zrsK ~ skod/f;nkbe'N rJ/. fJj ftdtkBK dk Ffjo eoe/ gqf;ZX ;h. fJE/ jh ;fsr[oKgEohbh Xosh ftu B/}k wko e/ ib eZfYnk s/ fJE/ pknd ftu ;o'topDkfJnk frnk. fco ;fsr[o{ ;qhBro g[Zi/ s/ fJE/ fpoX wksk Gkr Goh B/;fsr[oK ~ u'bk G/N ehsk. fJE/ ;zrsK ftu Gkoh T[sFkj ;h s/ ;zrsK pj[sFoXk Bkb G/NktK b? e/ jk}o j[zdhnK. fco eFwho ftu r[o{ ih B/ fszBwjhB/ d/ eohp mfjokT[ ehsk. fJ; s'I pknd r[ioks o;s/ nkT[IfdnK\eho Fkj d"bk Bkb tkosk j'Jh sK T[; B/ ;tkb ehsk ;h L

fjzd{ eh s/ ghoh eh <n"os eh s/ \ehoh eh <

g[Zso eh s/ t?okr eh <

d"bs eh s/ fsnkr eh <

fJj ;[D e/ ;fsr[oK B/ i' T[&&Zso fdZsk, T[; ftu rzGho ow} ;h fe@@n"os JhwkB, g[Zso fBFkB, d"bs r[}okB, \eho Bk fjzd{ Bkw[;bwkB.##

r[ioks s'I uZb e/ r[o{ ih jkf\}kpkd rJ/ ns/ fJE/ ;zrsK B/ ;fsr[oKd/ w[y'I ig[ ih ;kfjp d/ noE ;otD ehs/. fJE/ jh r[o{ ih B/ Xow gqukoeK~ uouk eoB dh f;Zfynk fdZsh fe fgnko ;fseko Bkb r'FNh eoe/ f;ZNkeZYhdk j?. nkgDh fiZd eoe/ yzvB jh eoh ikDk e'Jh f;nkDg BjhI jz[dh.jkf\}kpkd dhnK ;zrsK ~ T[gd/; fdzd/ ;fsr[o{, bkj"o d/ okjhI nzfwqs;ogj[zu rJ/.

e[M ;wK nzfwqs;o fpsk e/ Xow gquko eod/ j'J/ ;fsr[o{ BkBe wskgj[zu/. fJE/ i'rhnK d/ Gow d{o ehs/. fJE/ pkpk nbw;s ih f;Zyh dk gquko

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(22) r[owfs frnkB

eod/ ;B. fJE/ ;zrsK doFB eoe/ pj[s fBjkb j'JhnK. r[o{ ih tkg;h ;w/Ipo/bh, jfod[nko, foyhe/F ns/ j'o nB/eK ghoK-\ehoK Bkb Xow thukoKeod/ wkbt/ d/ fJbke/ ftu rJ/. wkbt/ ftu fgzv vo'bh fty/ nkg dk ;KY{GkJh ;kJhI dk; ofjzdk ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ wkbt/ ftu seVk gquko ehsk. e[M;wK wkbt/ ftu fpsk e/ id ;fsr[o{ nzfwqs;o nkJ/ sK fJe fdB dhtkBbZrk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe e'Jh f;Zy ig[ ih ;kfjp dk F[ZX gkm;[Dkt/. GkJh r[gkbk ih B/ pVh ;z[do b?n ftu F[ZX gkm ehsk. r[o{ ih B/GkJh r[gkbk ih dh T[wzr s'I ][F j' e/ fJe x'Vk p]F fdZsk. fJ; s'I g/qoBkth fwbdh j? fe F[ZX gkm eoBk ;fsr[o{ dh p]fFF dk gkso pDBk j?. wB'IwzrhnK w[okdK g{ohnK jz[dhnK jB.

fJ;/ soQK fJe tko S/t/I gksFkj ih ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ;g[Zsopkpk ;qh uzd ih ~ fwbD fgzv pkom fty/ rJ/. fJj ;EkB gmkBe'N d/B}dhe j?. fJE/ nkg B/ tZvk ;g[Zso pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;qh uzd ih ~ ;"IgfdZsk. fJ; soQK T[dk;h wZs r[o{-xo Bkb jh i[V frnk s/ T[dk;hnK B/ thf;Zyh gquko bJh pj[s :'rdkB gkfJnk.

;zB 1627 ftu ijKrho dh w"s j' rJh ns/ T[; s'I pknd FkjijkBdh Bhsh r[o{ xo d/ fto[ZX jh ojh. ;zB 1628 s'I 1634 d/ dofwnkB r[o{ ih~ uko Xow :[ZX eoB/ gJ/ s/ fiZs ;fsr[oK dh j'Jh. ;zB 1634 ftu r[o{ ihgZe/ o{g ftu gfotko ;w/s ehosg[o ;kfjp nk t;/ ns/ nzs se J/E/ jh oj/.fJE'I ;fsr[oK B/ Xow gquko nkozfGnk s/ r[owfs gquko bJh eJh EkJhIT[dk;h f;ZyK ~ th f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh G/fink. fJj gqukoe f;Zyh dh fwFkbb? e/ EK-EK gj[zu/. fi; eoe/ fpjko, pzrkb, nk;kw se f;Zy Xow uzrk;Ekgs j' frnk. Xow gquko bJh pkpk fpXh uzd ih ~ pzrkb ftu G/fink.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ gzi ;g[Zso ;B. fJjBK ftu'I pkpkr[ofdZsk ih, pkpk nNZb ih s/ nDh okfJ ih ;fsr[oK d/ ihtB ekb ftujh nekb ubkDk eo rJ/ ;B. pkpk ;{oi wZb dk M[ekn d[BhnKdkoh tZb;h s/ ;qh (r[o{) s/ra pjkdo ih fsnkrh ;[Gkn d/ ;B. ;fsr[oK dh fdqFNhftu pkpk r[ofdZsk ih d/ S'N/ ;g[Zso jfookfJ ih jo/e f}zw/tkoh fBGkT[Dd/ :'r ;B.

nzs 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih nkgD/ g'so/ ;qh

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


jfookfJ ih ~ r[fonkJh p]F e/ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.;zrsK pj[s jh t?okr ftu ;B. ;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ih B/ ;GBK ~ XhoifdZsk. ;fsr[oK dh d/j dk ;;eko ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ ;sb[i d/ ezY/ehsk frnk. T[; n;EkB dk BK r[od[nkok gskbg[oh ;kfjp gqf;ZX j?.

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—gqFB (T) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek s/

ftZfdnk ;pzXh s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <gqFB (n) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh r[fonkJh, ;qh nekb s]s

;kfjp dh f;oiBk s/ f;Zy \"i dh Fesh ;zpzXh ukBDk gkU.gqFB (J) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ pzdh S'V ;fsr[o{ feT[I fejk

iKdk j? <gqFB (;) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ gfotko, t;kJ/ BroK s/

n;EkBK ;zpzXh ikDekoh fdU.gqFB (j) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dhnK uko izrK pko/ ukBDk gkU.gqFB (e) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk Xow gquko s/ nZr'I r[osk rZdh

dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L nkg ih dk gqekF 19 i{B 1595 JhH ~ fgzv tvkbh, f}bQk nzfwqs;o

fty/ j'fJnk.gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;'.T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih d/ wksk dk Bkw wksk rzrk ih ns/ fgsk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t

ih ;B.gqFB 3 L S/joNk ;kfjp dk eh fJfsjk; j? <T[&&Zso L gzuw gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ ;g[Zso jfor'fpzd ih d/ gqekF dh ][Fh

ftu, fJbke/ dh gkDh dh b'V ~ w[Zy oZy e/ S/ joNK tkbk y{jbrtkfJnk, i' j[D S/joNk ;kfjp eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?.

gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh w[ZYbh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh dk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(24) r[owfs frnkB

ekoi feBQK B/ ehsk <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dh w[ZYbh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh dk ekoi pkpk p[ZYk ih B/

ehsk.gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J/<T[&&Zso L gzuw gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd 1606 JhH ftu ;qh jfor'fpzd

;kfjp 11 ;kb dh T[wo ftu r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J/.gqFB 6 L whoh-ghoh s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L whoh s'I Gkt Fesh ns/ ghoh s'I Gkt Grsh j?. ;fsr[oK B/ whoh s/

ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjBhnK. fJe ;z;koe wkwfbnK ftu nrtkJhbJh s/ d{ih nksfwe wzvb dh nrtkJh eoB tkbh.

gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ pzdh S'V ;fsr[o{ feT[I fejk iKdkj? <

T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK B/ 1612 JhH ftu rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftZu'I nkgD/ Bkb 52e?dh okfinK ~ fojkn eotkfJnk ;h. fJ; bJh r[o{ ih ~ pzdh S'V;fsr[o{ fejk iKdk j?.

gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ fezB/ Xow :[ZX ehs/ <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK B/ 1628 s'I 1634 JhH d/ d"okB uko Xow :[ZX ehs/ ns/ u"jK

izrK ftu ;fsr[oK dh \sfj j'Jh.gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh ;zskB pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK d/ gzi ;g[Zso pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;qh nDh okfJ ih, pkpk

nNZb okfJ ih, ;qh (r[o{) s/r pjkdo ih, ;qh ;{oi wZb ih ns/ fJe;g[Zsoh phph tho' ih ;h.

gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ nZr'I r[fonkJh feBQK ~ p]fFFehsh <

T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK B/ nkgD/ g'so/ jfookfJ ih ~, i' pkpk r[ofdZsk ih d/;g[Zso ;B, T[jBK ~ r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh. ;fsr[o{ 3 wkou 1644JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (25)

;Zst/I gksFkj;Zst/I gksFkj;Zst/I gksFkj;Zst/I gksFkj;Zst/I gksFkj;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih

;qh ;fsr[o jfo okfJ ih;qh ;fsr[o jfo okfJ ih;qh ;fsr[o jfo okfJ ih;qh ;fsr[o jfo okfJ ih;qh ;fsr[o jfo okfJ ihp?m/ s]s ;[jkfJ–p?m/ s]s ;[jkfJ–p?m/ s]s ;[jkfJ–p?m/ s]s ;[jkfJ–p?m/ s]s ;[jkfJ–gd ;ku/ gksFkj e'gd ;ku/ gksFkj e'gd ;ku/ gksFkj e'gd ;ku/ gksFkj e'gd ;ku/ gksFkj e'fsBjh e' pfB nkfJ–fsBjh e' pfB nkfJ–fsBjh e' pfB nkfJ–fsBjh e' pfB nkfJ–fsBjh e' pfB nkfJ–

(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)

fJj gzeshnK eth ;zs'y f;zx ih dh ouBk jB. nkg dk iBw 1787JhH ftu ;qH d/tk f;zx d/ xo, wksk oki d/Jh dh e[Zy'I, fgzv B{o dh ;oKf}bQk nzfwqs;o (nZi-ebQ f}bQk soB skoB) fty/ j'fJnk. nkg wjkBftdtkB ;B. fJjBK B/ bzph fwjBs Bkb @r[o gqskg ;{oi rzqE# fbfynk,fi; ftu d;K gksFkjhnK dk fJfsjk;, fpqi GkFk ftu, ekft o{g ftunzfes j?. T[go'es gzeshnK ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dh wjkB F];hns ;zpzXhT[; rzqE ftu'I bJhnK jB L

Gkt noE L;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih s]s #s/ p?m/ F'G oj/ jB, feT[Ife ;Zu/gksFkj ih dh gdth T[BQK ~ jh pD nkT[Idh j?—Gkt T[BQK dkp?mDk jh :'r j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(26) r[owfs frnkB

;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ihwksk L—fBjkb e"o ih

fgsk L—pkpk r[ofdZsk ih

gqekF L—16 iBtoh 1630 JhH

;EkB L—ehosg[o ;kfjp, f}bQk o'gV;[gsBh L—;qh feqFB e"o ih

;zskB L—;qh okw okfJ s/ ;qh (r[o{) jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih

r[o{ ekb L—3 wkou 1644 JhH s'I 6 nes{po 1661 JhH

wjkB ekoi L (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi L (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi L (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi L (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi L (goT[geko) L ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ o'rhnK bJh dtk]kBk pDkfJnk, fi; dhnK

dtkJhnK d{o-d{o se gqf;ZX ;B. pkJh ;" x'V-;tkoK dh fsnko-po-fsnko \"i oZyh. ekb ghVsK dh ;jkfJsk ehsh. d{o-d{o se f;Zyh dkgquko ehsk ns/ tZy-tZy fJbkfenK ftu gqukoe fB:[es ehs/.

i'sh i's L—6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/

e[b T[wo L—31 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 21 fdB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


(T) ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk nkozfGe ihtB, gfotko s/ r[osk rZdh;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih, S/t/I gksFkj ih d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk

r[ofdZsk ih d/ ;g[Zso ;B. nkg dk gqekF wksk fBjkb e"o ih dh e[Zy'I 16iBtoh 1630 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk. nkg dh w[ZYbh ftZfdnks/ f;ybkJh whoh ghoh d/ wkbe ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh d/y o/yftu j'Jh. Xkofwe ftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb ;fsr[oK B/ F;so ftZfdnk thf;ykJh. pkb T[wo s'I jh nkg ih ;kX{ ;[Gkn s/ dfJnk Gog{o fjod/ tkb/;B. ;ohoe s"o #s/ pbtkB ns/ ;{ophoK tkb/ r[D th oZyd/ ;B. whoh ghohd/ wkbe ;fsr[o{ nkgD/ g'so/ jfookfJ ih ~ pj[s fgnko eod/ ;B.

;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ih d/ pugB dh gquZbs ;kyh j? fe nkg fJe fdBpkra ftu Nfjb oj/ ;B. jtk uZbD eoe/ nkg d/ ikw/ ftu nV e/ e[M c[ZbN[ZN rJ/. fJj d/y e/ nkg T[jBK p{fNnK gk; yb' rJ/ ns/ wB ftu jh ;'uDbZr/ fe fJj p/r[Bkj c[Zb w/o/ ikw/ Bkb feT[I N[ZN rJ/ jB. T[; ;w/I S/t/IgksFkj ih nk rJ/ s/ g[ZfSnk fe p/Nk ! eh ;'u oj/ j' <

;qh jfookfJ ih B/ fejk fe w/ok ikwk fyzvD Bkb fJj p/r[Bkj c[ZbN[ZN rJ/ jB. fJj ;[D e/ S/t/I gksFkj ih B/ f;Zfynk fdzfdnK c[owkfJnk,p/Nk ! id'I tZvk ikwk gfjBhJ/I iK tZvh f}zw/tkoh bJhJ/ sK ;zGb e/ s[oBkukjhdk j?, sK fe fe;/ p/r[Bkj dk B[e;kB Bk j' ikJ/. fJjBK p'bK okjhIS/t/I gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ g'so/ ~ v{zxh f;Zfynk fdZsh.

fJfsjk;e B}ohJ/ s'I d/yhJ/ sK ;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih B/ g{ohT[wo fJ; f;Zfynk T[&&Zgo gfjok fdZsk. S/t/I gksFkj ih d/ ihtB dk gqGktfJjBK T[&&Zgo pj[s ;h. T[jBK dk Xow gquko dk Yzr, f;woB, Fpdthuko, ;zrsK Bkb r'FNh, F;soK dk ;fseko s/ ;w/I-;w/I ;kX{ wjkswkd/ puB fpbk; nkfd ubd/ ofjzd/ ;B. rZb eh ehosg[o ;kfjp dk wkj"bjh Xow d/ ozr ftu ozfrnk j'fJnk ;h.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ fszB ;g[Zso pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, pkpknNZb okfJ ih s/ ;qh nDh okfJ ih T[jBK d/ ihtB ekb ftu jh i'sh i's;wk rJ/ ;B. ;qh ;{oi wZb ih dk M[ekn d[BhnKdkoh #u f}nkdk ;h s/ ;qhs/r pjkdo ih fsnkrh ;[Gkn d/ ;B. S/t/I gksFkj ih r[Zosk rZdh bJh ;Gs'I :'r nkgD/ g'so/ ;qh jfookfJ ih ~ ;wMd/ ;B. Gkt/I jfo okfJ ih dk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(28) r[owfs frnkB

tZvk Gok Xho wZb ;h, go ;fsr[o{ T[jd/ bZSDK ~ t/y e/ d{ik fgqEhnkefjzd/ ;B s/ fJj rZb ;Zu j''Jh. fJ; dhnK ukbK r[o{ xo d/ fto'X ftuojhnK. r[osk rZdh pj[s tZvh f}zw/tkoh ;h. fJ; bJh ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ nkgD/ g'so/jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dh f}zw/tkoh ;"Ig fdZsh. T[; ;w/I ;qh r[o{jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 14 ;kbK d/ eohp ;h. r[fonkJh dh wo:kdkpkpk p[ZYk ih d/ ;g[Zso GkJh GkBk ih B/ fBGkJh.

r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'D ;w/I id ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/;zrsK ~ T[gd/F fdZsk sK ;G fJj' efj oj/ ;B fe fJjBK ftu dkdk r[o{tkbh Grsh, Fesh, frnkB s/ gftZsosk T[;/ soQK j?. j[D BkBe i's,;Zst/I ikw/ ftu ebk tosk ojh ;h. ;fsr[o{ gfjo oks ofjzdh ikrd/,fJFBkB eoe/ gqG{ pzdrh eod/, ;zrs ftu r[opkDh dk ikg s/ nk;k ehtko dk ehosB jz[dk. ;fsr[o{ ;zrsK Bkb puB fpbk; eod/ s/ nodk;T[gozs bzro gqFkdk Sfenk iKdk.

;fsr[o{ r[opkDh dk fezBk ;fseko eod/ ;B. T[jBK d/ ihtB dh;kyh j? fe fJe fdB b"Y/ gfjo nkg wzi/ T[s/ b/N/ j'J/ ;B. fJe f;Zy iZEkdoFBK bJh nkfJnk. T[j i'NhnK d/ Fpd rkT[Id/ nk oj/ ;B. ;fsr[oKd/ ezBhI Fpd dh ntk} gJh sK nkg ibdh Bkb T[m/. ekjbh ftu r'v/T[&&Zgo ;ZN bZr rJh. r[owfs ftu r[o{ s/ r[o{ dh pkDh fJe o{g jB. fJ; bJhr[opkDh dk ;fseko, r[o{ dk ;fseko j?. fJ; ;kyh ftu fJj' f;Zfynkfwbdh j?.

;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih gk; 2200 x'V-;tko ;h. nkg ;zs f;gkjh;B, go nwB s/ nkg;h GkJhuko/ dh Bhsh T[&&Zgo ubD bJh fdqVQ ;B.;fsr[o{ i/eo fFeko bJh th iKd/ sK fe;/ ikBto ~ wkoB Bkb'I T[; ~ihT{Idk geVBk ;fsr[oK dk F"Ie ;h. T[jBK B/ nB/eK fe;w d/ ikBtogeV e/ tkV/ ftu SZv fdZs/ ns/ fJe oZy pDk fdZsh. d{o-d{o s'I b'e fJje"se d/yD bJh nkT[Id/ s/ j?okB th jz[d/.

;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 17 ;kb ;h id 1647 JhH ~ nkgdk ftnkj, T[so gqd/; d/ fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk okw ih dh ;g[Zsoh ;qh feqFBe"o ih Bkb j'fJnk. nkg d/ xo ;qh okw okfJ ns/ ;qh (r[o{) jfofeqFB ih

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


d' ;g[ZsoK B/ iBw fbnk.

j[D phs/ eJh ;kbK s'I ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ f;Zyh dh xkVs xVh ikojh ;h s/ Xow gquko j' fojk ;h. T[; ~ ;Ekgs eoBk s/ nZr'I gk;ko eoBk;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh tZvh f}zw/tkoh pD rJh ;h. fJ; bJh nkgD/r[osk ekb d"okB ;fsr[oK B/ jo gZy'I f;Zyh d/ gquko dk ekoi ;zGkfbnk.(n) ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih tZb'I f;Zy Xow dk gquko s/ i'sh i's L

;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk iZ; ;G gk;/ ;{oi dhnK feoBK tKrc?b fojk ;h. T[jBK d/ dopko dh FkB th fBokbh ;h. nkg ih raohpK s/b'VtzdK dh ;/tk ;zGkb tZb ftF/F fXnkB fdzd/ ;B. id ;zrsK doFBKbJh nkT[IdhnK sK T[jBK ~ g[ZSd/ fe s[;hI bzro ubkT[Id/ j' s/ tzv e/ Sed/j'.

;zB 1646 ftu gzikp ftu ekb g? frnk. whIj Bk g?D eoe/ gzikp dkp[ok jkb ;h. FkjijkB B/ fiE/ Fkjh ]}kB/ ftZu'I e[M bzro y[ZbQtkJ/, T[E/;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ ekb ghVQsK dh pj[s wdd ehsh. tZy-tZy;{fpnK ftu ;[yh tZ;d/ f;ZyK B/ th ;fsr[oK d/ ]ikB/ ftu fdb y'bQ e/ fjZ;kgkfJnk. fJj nkgD/ nkg ftu Xow dk gquko ;h, feT[Ife e'Jh th Xow sdtXdk c[bdk j?, id T[j b'VtzdK dh jo gZy'I wdd eoB d/ :'r j't/. f;ZyXow tb'I ehs/ b'e GbkJh d/ ezwK B/ b'eK dk wB ;dk jh fiZfsnk j?.

f;Zy Xow d/ gquko ~ w[Zy oZy e/ ;fsr[oK B/ wkM/, wkbt/, d[nkp/ ftubzpk ;wK r[}kfonk. BBekDk ;kfjp, eoskog[o, f;nkbe'N s/ izw{eFwho se th Xow gquko bJh rJ/. ;fsr[oK d/ fgsk pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/pkpk ;qh uzd ih Bkb fwbkg s'I pknd f;Zyh gquko bJh uko w[Zy e/Ido X{D/IEkg/ ;B. X{zD/I s'I Gkt rZdh dk n;EkB j?. fJ; gquko s'I gqGkts j' e/ ;qhr[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh e[M j'o gquko d/ fNekD/p]fFFK d/ o{g ftu Ekg/. fco jo/e p]fFF T[dk;h f;ZyK d/ ;g[od ehsh.fJjBK ftu ftF/F ;h, @;[Eo/ Fkjh p]fFF, Grs GrtkBhJ/ ns/ ;zrs;kfjphJ/#.

@;[Eo/ Fkjh p]fFF# dk w[yh ;[Eo/ Fkj ;h. fJ; B/ fdZbh ftu s/ j'od{o-d{o se f;Zyh dk gquko ehsk. fJ;/ soQK @Grs GrtkBhJ/ p]fFF# dkw[yh Grs GrtkB ;h. fJ; B/ nkgD/ T[dk;h f;ZyK Bkb g{op ns/ fpjko

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(30) r[owfs frnkB

d/ fJbke/ ftu f;Zy Xow dk gquko ehsk. @;zrs ;kfjphJ/# p]fFF dk w[yhGkJh c/o{ ih ;h s/ fJ; dk gfjbk BK ;zrshnk ;h. fJ; B/ oki;EkB d/fJbke/ ftu f;Zyh dk gquko ehsk. fJ; s'I fJbktk r[o{ ih B/ wkbt/ ftu thXow d/ gqukoe fB:[es ehs/.

;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ ihtB ftu'I Xow gquko dk fJe j'owip{s gZy ;h fe fiE/ T[j GNedh b'ekJh ~ Bkw o{gh dko{ Bkb no'reod/ ;B, T[E/ sB d/ o'rhnK dh szdo[;sh bJh T[jBK B/ ehosg[o ;kfjpfty/ dtk]kBk y'fbQnk. fJE/ pj[s jh ehwsh s/ d[obZG dtkJhnK wzrk e/oZyhnK. e'Jh th o'rh fe;/ th ;w/I nk ikt/, T[; ~ w[\s dtkJh fwbdh ;h.f;Zy Xow d/ gk;ko bJh fJj rZb tZvk noE oZydh ;h. ;fsr[oK dk fJjdtk]kBk J/Bk gqf;ZX j' frnk fe pj[s d{o'I-d{o'I b'e dtkJh b?D nkfJnkeod/ ;B.

fJ;/ soQK fJe tkoh FkjijkB dk g[Zso dkok fFe'j pj[s phwko j'frnk. Fkjh jehwK B/ ftF/F tiB dk b"Ir, joV s/ riw'sh, dtkJh bJhfbnkT[D tk;s/ fejk. fJj ;G t;sK ;fsr[oK d/ dtk]kB/ ftu ;B. fJegk;/ FkjijkB B/ S/t/I gksFkj ih d/ ;w/I r[o{ xo Bkb g{oh NZeo bJh ;h,go r[o{ BkBe d/ xo ftu ;opZs dk Gbk j?. ;Zst/I gksFkj ih B/ dtkJhbJh b'VhIdhnK ;G t;sK nkgD/ dtk]kB/ ftu'I d/ fdZshnK s/ dkok fFe'jszdo[;s j' frnk. FkjijkB ~ nkgDh rbsh dk nfj;k; j'fJnk s/ dkokfFe'j B/ ehosg[o ;kfjp gj[zu e/ ;fsr[oK dk XzBtkd ehsk.

id'I 1658 JhH ftu FkjijkB d/ g[ZsoK dofwnkB fdZbh d/ s]s bJhbVkJh tX rJh sK r[o{ ih B/ dkok fFe'j dh fpnk; d/ ezY/ n"ozra}/p dh\"i ~ o'e e/ wdd ehsh. id n"ozra}/p nkgD/ fgsk ~ e?d eoe/ s/ GoktK~ wko w[ek e/ pkdFkj pD frnk sK T[; B/ s]s #s/ p?mD s'I pknd ibdhjh ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;Zdk G/fink. r[o{ ihnkg sK Bk rJ/, go nkgD/ tZv/ g[Zso ;qh okw okfJ ~ fdZbh G/i fdZsk.;fsr[oK B/ jdkfJs th ehsh fe i' rZb g[ZSh ikt/ ;jh-;jh T[so d/Dk j?.T[IM ;qh okw okfJ pj[s jk}o itkp ;B. n"ozra}/p B/ ;qh okw okfJ s'I f;ZyXow pko/ eJh ;tkb g[ZS/ sK T[jBK B/ r[o{ BkBe xo dh ftukoXkoknB[;ko Y[et/I itkp fdZs/. fJe fdB n"ozra}/p B/ r[opkDh ftu'I @fwNhw[;bwkB eh g/V? gJh e[fwnko# d/ noE g[ZS/ sK okw okfJ r[o{ nkF/ s'I fEVe

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frnk. T[; B/ efj fdZsk fe fwNh w[;bwkB eh Fpd BjhI, ;r'I fwNhp/JhwkB eh j?. fJ; rZb dk id ;fsr[oK ~ gsk bZrk sK nkg B/ \[owkfJnkfe nZi s'I okw okfJ ;kv/ wZE/ th Bk bZr/. r[o{ ih B/ r[opkDh dh gzesh ~pdbD tkbh rZb ;fjD Bk ehsh. fJ; s'I pknd okw okfJ B/ eJh jZEezv/tos/ s/ bkj"o d/ jkewK se r[osk rZdh gqkgs eoB bJh gjz[u th ehsh.n"ozra}/p B/ d{B dk fJbkek T[; ~ ikrho ti'I d/ fdZsk. w[Zy o{g ftun"ozra}/p, okw okfJ ~ nkgD/ tZ; eoe/ r[o{ xo ~ d' ckV eoBk ukjz[dk;h. nfij/ ;w/I ftu ;fsr[oK B/ Xow gquko ftu yV's BjhI nkT[D fdZsh,;r'I f;Zy Xow d{o d{o se c?fbnk. ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zyf;XKsK dh wip{sh bJh nkgD/ tZv/ g[Zso ~ fsnkr fdZsk.

;fsr[o{ f;Zyh gquko bJh ekoiFhb oj/. id T[jBK B/ ikD fbnk fe;kvk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK nk fojk j? sK ;fsr[oK B/ nkgD/ S'N/ ;g[Zso ;qhjfofeqFB ih ~ r[osk rZdh bJh Bh:s ehsk. nkgD/ S'N/ ;g[Zso ~r[fonkJh p]F e/ ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih fwsh 6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. nkg ih dh d/j dk ;;eko ;sb[id/ ezY/ r[od[nkok gskbg[oh d/ ;EkB #s/ ehsk frnk. nkg ih ;kY/ ;skoK;kb d/ eohp r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB oj/ ns/ 31 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 21 fdBd/ eohp T[wo G'rh. nkg ih s'I pknd ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih r[oskrZdh T[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j'J/.

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—gqFB (T) L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk nkozfGe ihtB, goftko s/ r[osk

rZdh d/ fJfsjk; pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <gqFB (n) L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih tZb'I f;Zy Xow dk gquko s/ i'sh i's

;wkT[D d/ fJfsjk; T[&&Zgo ukBDk gkU.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk gqekF 16 iBtoh 1630 JhH ~

ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;' <

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(32) r[owfs frnkB

T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dh wksk ih dk Bkw, wksk fBjkb e"o ns/ fgsk dk Bkwpkpk r[ofdZsk ih ;h.

gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh w[ZYbh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh fezBQKdh fBrokBh j/m j'Jh <

T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh w[ZYbh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh whoh-ghoh d/ wkbe ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh d/y o/y j/m j'Jh.

gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkbeh foFsk ;h <

T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih, S/t/I gksFkj ih d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpkr[ofdZsk ih d/ ;g[Zso ;B. foFs/ ftu S/t/I gksFkj, ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ;kfjp ih d/ dkdk ih bZrd/ ;B.

gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ <T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 3 wkou

1644 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dh f}zw/tkoh ;"IgfdZsh. T[; ;w/I nkg ih dh T[wo 14 ;kb d/ eohp ;h.

gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh r[osk rZdh dh wo:kdk fezBQK B/fBGkJh <

T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh r[fonkJh dh wo:kdk pkpk p[ZYk ihd/ ;g[Zso GkJh GkBk ih B/ fBGkJh.

gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ ftnkj s/ ;zskB pko/ dZ;'.T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj 1647 JhH ~ T[so gqd/; d/ fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk

okw ih dh ;g[Zsoh ;qh feqFB e"o ih Bkb j'fJnk. nkg d/ rqfj fty/;qh okw okfJ s/ ;qh (r[o{) jfofeqFB ih d' ;g[ZsoK iBw fbnk.

gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zy Xow d/ gquko bJh eh-eh :sBehs/ <

T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK B/ fiZE/ nkg d{o-d{o se f;Zyh dk gquko ehsk, T[E/ Xowgquko bJh e[M fNekD/ p]fFFK d/ o{g ftu ;Ekgs ehs/. fJj ;[Eo/Fkjh p]fFF, Grs GrtkBhJ/ ns/ ;zrs ;kfjphJ/ p]fFF Bkb ikD/

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iKd/ ;B.gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ ehosg[o fty/ o'rhnK d/ fJbki bJh

eh gqpzX ehsk <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK B/ o'rhnK d/ fJbki bJh ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ dtk]kBk

y'fbQnk. fJE/ fpBK fe;/ G/d Gkt d/ jo fJe ~ w[\s dtkJhfwbdh ;h.

gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ nZr'I r[osk rZdh fezBQK ~ p]fFFehsh <

T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih B/ nkgD/ S'N/ ;g[Zso ;qh jfofeqFB ih ~ r[osk rZdh bJhBh:s ehsk ns/ r[o{ ih 6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.

✫✫✫

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(34) r[owfs frnkB

nZmt/I gksFkjnZmt/I gksFkjnZmt/I gksFkjnZmt/I gksFkjnZmt/I gksFkj;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih

;qh jfofeqFB irs r[o GJ/–;qh jfofeqFB irs r[o GJ/–;qh jfofeqFB irs r[o GJ/–;qh jfofeqFB irs r[o GJ/–;qh jfofeqFB irs r[o GJ/–d/F fpd/FfB wfjI fpd sJ/–d/F fpd/FfB wfjI fpd sJ/–d/F fpd/FfB wfjI fpd sJ/–d/F fpd/FfB wfjI fpd sJ/–d/F fpd/FfB wfjI fpd sJ/–;op'sw e/ s]s fpoki/–;op'sw e/ s]s fpoki/–;op'sw e/ s]s fpoki/–;op'sw e/ s]s fpoki/–;op'sw e/ s]s fpoki/–fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/–fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/–fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/–fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/–fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/–

(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)(eth ;zs'y f;zx ih)

fJj gzeshnK eth ;zs'y f;zx ih dhnK ouhnK jB. fJj ;qh r[o gqskg;{oi rzqE ftu jB—fJ; rzqE dk Gkt @r[o{ ;kfjpK d/ gqskg dk ;{oi j?.fJj gqeoD nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/ r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'D ;w/I dk j?.Gkt noE L

;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih irs d/ r[o{ pD rJ/. fJj rZb d/FKftd/FK ftu gqrN j' rJh. r[o{ ih ;G s'I T[&&Zsw s]s (r[o{ BkBe xo dhrZdh) T[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j'J/. fijBK d/ doFB eoB Bkb ;G d[Zy d{o j'iKd/ jB.

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nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (35)

;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih

wksk L—wksk feqFB e"o ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ih

gqekF L—7 i[bkJh 1656 JhH;EkB L—;qh ehosg[o ;kfjp

r[o{ ekb L—6 nes{po 1661 JhH s'I 30 wkou 1664 JhHwjkB ekoi (T[geko) LwjkB ekoi (T[geko) LwjkB ekoi (T[geko) LwjkB ekoi (T[geko) LwjkB ekoi (T[geko) L

n"ozr}/p tor/ ubke pkdFkj dh Bhsh s'I f;Zyh ~ pukfJnk ns/ T[;~ doFB d/D s'I fJBekoh j' e/ f;Zyh f;XKsK ~ ekfJw oZfynk. SZi{ MhT{os'I rhsk d/ noE eotk e/ eow eKvh jzekoh gzfvs dk jzeko d{o ehsk.nkgD/ s'I pknd r[osk rZdh bJh wjkB u'D ehsh. fdZbh fty/ u/ue ghVsKdh ;/tk eofdnK, d[BhnK d/ d[Zy d{o eofdnK nkgD/ gqkD fsnkr/.

i'sh i's L—30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/

e[Zb T[wo L—7 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 23 fdB

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(36) r[owfs frnkB

(T) ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk w[ZYbk ihtB, r[osk rZdh s/;wekbh jkbks Lf;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpK ftZu'I nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;G

s'I S'Nh T[wo d/ j'J/ jB. f;Zy Xow ftu T[wo S'Nh iK tZvh eoe/ r[o{ o[spkBjhI, ;r'I r[o{ i's d/ gqekF dk BkT[I r[o{ j?. fJ; bJh Gkt/I nZmt/I gksFkjih dh ;z;koh T[wo S'Nh ;h, go r[o{ i's dh Fesh eoe/ ezw tZv/ jB. ;qhr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ GrT[sh ih eh tko dh gfjbh gT[Vh oufdnK T[;ftu gfjb/ B"I r[o{ ;kfjpkB ih dh wfjwk toBD ehsh j?. nZmt/I gksFkjih dh wfjwk fJT[I fpnkB ehsh j? L

;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm? ;fG d[y ikfJ–;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm? ;fG d[y ikfJ–;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm? ;fG d[y ikfJ–;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm? ;fG d[y ikfJ–;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm? ;fG d[y ikfJ–

Gkt ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~ fXnkT[Idk jK s/ fijBK d/ doFBeoB Bkb ;ko/ d[Zy d{o j' iKd/ jB.

;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ d' ;kfjp}kd/ ;B, pkpkokw okfJ ih ns/ ;qh (r[o{) jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih. ;qh (r[o{) jfofeqFB ;kfjpih dk gqekF 7 i[bkJh 1656 JhH ~ wksk ;qh feqFB e"o ih dh e[Zy'I ehosg[o;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk. nkg dh gkbDk g';Dk r[owsh ozr #u ozr/ wkj"b ftuj'Jh. ;fsr[oK dk fujok e'wb s/ wBw'jDk ;h.

T[Xo okw okfJ ih B/ fdZbh fty/ n"ozra}/p pkdFkj d/ gqGkt j/m nke/, T[; ~ ][F eoB bJh r[opkDh dh s[e pdb fdZsh. fJ; s'I ;qh r[o{jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ fBoDk eo fbnk ;h fe ;qh jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih jhr[orZdh dh f}zw/tkoh fBGkT[D d/ :'r jB. id'I ;Zst/I gksFkj ih B/nB[Gt ehsk fe ;kvk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK nk frnk j? sK T[jBK B/ i'shi's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ ;qh jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh. ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih id r[osk rZdh #s/;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK nkg ih dh T[wo ;tk gzi ;kb d/ eohp ;h.nfXnksfwe ozr ftu ozr/ j'J/ ;fsr[oK B/ S'Nh T[wo ftu tZvh f}zw/tkoh;zGkbh. fJZE/ ;z;ko B/ nksfwe Fesh dk gqskg t/fynk. fJ;/ ;zpzXh GkJhBzd bkb ih B/ fbfynk j? fe, @;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;kohnKf;nkDgK s/ fwjoK d/ Gzvko jB.#★★★★★

★★★★★ r[o{ jfo feqFB nK jwK c}b' }{d–

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i/ eo ;wekbh jkbksK dh rZb eohJ/ sK fJe gk;/ n"ozr}/p torkubke pkdFkj s/ d{ik okw okfJ r[osk rZdh b?D bJh jo jhbk tosfojk ;h. T[; B/ Xho wZb Bkb ;bkj eoe/ e[M w;zdK ~ th nkgD/ Bkbi'V fbnk. Gkt/I T[; ~ f;Zy ;zrsK B/ wz{j Bk bkfJnk, go T[; B/ n"ozr}/pgk; fFekfJs ehsh. n"ozr}/p th okw okfJ ~ ;oekoh BhshnK nB[;koubkT[Dk ukjz[dk ;h. d{i/ gk;/ nZmt/I gksFkj ih se g{o/ d/F ftu f;Zyh dkpj[s tZvk nXko pD frnk ;h. n"ozr}/p ;wMdk ;h fe r[o{ xo ftu c[ZNgk e/ w[rab je{ws ~ e'Jh ]sok BjhI j't/rk. fJj th T[; dk Gow ;h,feT[Ife r[o{ BkBe xo dk fto'X fe;/ Xow iK fcoe/ Bkb BjhI ;h, ;r'Iipo, }[bw, nfBnK s/ gkyzvtkd Bkb ;h.

shi/ pqkjwD c/o jZEezv/ tos e/ ;wki ftu nkgDk n;o o;{y ekfJweoBk ukjz[d/ ;B. r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ fpgotkd dk i{bk ;wki d/ rb'I tZvh gZXo#s/ bkj fdZsk ;h. fJj th w"e/ dh skV ftu ;B. nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/ ;w/Idh fJe xNBk j? i' g'qL ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbyh j?. @@fJe fdB ;qh r[o{jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih gkbeh ftu ;tko j' e/ pkjo ;?o ~ ik oj/ ;B.pqkjwDK dk f;ykfJnk fJe e'jVk pqkjwD gkbeh d/ nZr/ nk b/fNnk s/ o'rok}h eokT[D bJh sob/ eoB bZrk.

pqkjwDK d/ i{b/ j/m'I eZYh j'Jh raohp iBsk ~ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[; ikbftu c;D BjhI ;h d/Dk. nkg B/ nkgD/ jZE w{zj g{zMD tkbk o[wkb T[; ~d/ e/ nkfrnk ehsh fe fJj o[wkb nkgD/ fgzv/ #s/ c/fonk eo s/ nodk;efonk eo. r[o{ BkBe d/ xo ftu ;G e[M j?. e'jVh ok}h j' frnk. fJjukb pqkjwDK ~ g[Zmh gJh. r[o{ xo dh F'Gk ;r'I tXD bZr gJh.##

fJ; soQK ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ jo jkbs dk Nkeok nkgDhnksfwe Fesh s/ d{o nzd/Fh Bkb ehsk. fJ;/ ~ eth ;zs'y f;zx ih fJT[Ifbyd/ jB—@;op'sw e/ sys fpoki/# Gkt ;fsr[o{ ;G s'I T[&&Zsw s]sT[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ s/ @fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/#, Gkt fijBK d/ doFBeoB Bkb ;G d[Zy d{o j' iKd/ jB. nZmt/I gksFkj ih dh fJ; soQK dh d?thF];hns ;h.

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(38) r[owfs frnkB

(n) ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dh fdZbh c/oh, n"ozr}/p dh Bhsh s/i'sh i's L;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ j[ewokB

n"ozr}/p ;h. T[j pj[s eZNV w[;bwkB ;h. T[; B/ 1660 JhH ftu ;Zst/IgksFkj ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;Zdk xZfbnk ;h. ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dhn"ozr}/p ;zpzXh fJj okfJ ;h L

#Bfj wb/S e' doFB d? j?I.##Bfj wb/S e' doFB d? j?I.##Bfj wb/S e' doFB d? j?I.##Bfj wb/S e' doFB d? j?I.##Bfj wb/S e' doFB d? j?I.#

T[jBK B/ nkgD/ ;g[Zso ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~ th fJj'nkfrnk ehsh ;h.

1664 JhH ~ n"ozr}/p B/ nZmt/I gksFkj ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;ZdkG/fink. n"ozr}/p B/ fwo}k okik i? f;zx ~ j[ew fdZsk fe r[o{ jfofeqFB;kfjp ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh g/qoBk ehsh ikt/. okik i? f;zx B/ ;fsr[oK tZb;Zdk gZso G/fink. fJ; d/ Bkb jh fdZbh dhnK ;zrsK dh p/Bsh ;h fe okwokfJ dhnK ukbK s'I f;Zy ;zrs ~ ;[u/s ehsk ikt/. T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dhT[wo ;kY/ ;Zs ;kb d/ eohp ;h. f;Zy e"w bJh fJe goy dk ;wK ;h. ;zrsK~ gzuw gksFkj s/ S/t/I gksFkj tkbhnK xNBktK :kd ;B. ;qh r[o{jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ ;G e[M ;'u ftuko e/ \?;bk ehsk fe n;hI fdZbhiktKr/. ehosg[o ;kfjp s'I f;ZXk dZyD tZb fdZbh dk ck;bk d' e[ ;" whbpDdk j?. f;Zy ;zrsK dk tZvk fJeZm Bkb j' s[fonk. ;fsr[o{ ih ;Zm e[ whbdk ck;bk w[ek e/ nzpkb/ d/ fJbke/ ftu gzi'yo/ gjz[u/. u'Dt/I f;ZyK s'I fpBkpkeh ;zrsK ~ w'V fdZsk.

fJE/ ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ gk; tZvk fJeZm d/y e/ fJe bkbuzd Bkwh pqkjwD s'I ifonk Bk frnk. T[j f;ZyK ~ ;[Dk e/ efjD bZrk fed[nkgo d/ ntsko ;qh feqFB ih B/ sK rhsk fbyh ;h s/ fJj ;Zs-nZm ;kbKd/ pkb nkgD/ nkg ~ jfofeqFB ;kfjp r[o{ nytKd/ jB. i/ eo fJjBK ftue'Jh ;woZEk j? sK feqFB ih dh rhsk d/ fe;/ ;b'e d/ noE eo e/ ftyk d/D.;fsr[oK dk gfjbK th e[M eow eKvh pqkjwDK Bkb tkj g? u[Zek ;h. nkgih bkb uzd dh wkBf;esk ~ ;wMd/ ;B. ;fsr[o{ efjD bZr/ fe i/ eo r[o{BkBe xo dhnK p]fFFK dh poes }o{o jh t/yDh j? sK ;kE'I i' wo}h g[ZS'ns/ i/ eo fe;/ ~ th b? nkU, s[jkvh s;Zbh T[; s'I eotk fdnKr/.

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T[j ubke pqkjwD fJe SZi{ Bkwh MhT{o ~ b? nkfJnk, fi; ~ b'ew{oy nkyd/ ;B. ;fsr[oK B/ SZi{ d/ f;o T[&&Zgo nkgDh ;'Nh dk fJe f;okoZy e/, bkb uzd ~ nkfynk fe g[ZS', i' s[;hI g[ZSDk ukjz[d/ j'. j[D bkb uzdi' ;tkb eo/, SZi{ MNgN T[&&Zso d/Jh ikt/. ;fsr[oK dh wfjwk d{o-d{o sec?b rJh. jzekoh pqkjwD ;fsr[oK d/ uoBK #s/ Yfj fgnk.

fJE'I ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih EB/;o, e[oy/so, gkBhgs s'I jz[d/j'J/ ;zrsK ;w/s fdZbh g[Zi/. ;fsr[oK B/ okik i? f;zx d/ wfjb ftu T[skokehsk. fJE/ j[D r[od[nkok @pzrbk ;kfjp# j?. okik i? f;zx dh okDh B/;fsr[oK d/ doFBK dh fJZSk th gqrN ehsh, go Bkb fe;/ Gow nXhBgqhfynk th eoBh ukjh. T[; B/ j'o nwho xokfDnK dhnK n"osK ~ Bkbb? fbnk s/ wB ftu Xkfonk fe i/ eo r[o{ ih ;Zu/ j'Dr/ sK w/oh gfjukDeoBr/. ;fsr[oK B/ fJeZm ftu okDh ~ gfjukD fbnk s/ T[; dh FoXk j'oth gZeh j'Jh.

fdZbh fty/ ftF/F xNBk tkgoh fe ;fsr[oK B/ n"ozr}/p ~ doFB d/Ds'I BKj eo fdZsh. fJj e'Jh S'Nh fijh xNBk BjhI ;h. fiZE/ ;w/I d/ pkdFkjd/ doFBK ~ b'e sob/ b?Id/ ;B T[E/ r[o{ gksFkj ih B/ fwbD s'I thfJBeko eo fdZsk ns/ pkdFkj ;fsr[oK d/ doFB eoB bJh T[vhe eodkfojk. T[Ii n"ozr}/p gk; ehosg[o s'I b? e/ fdZbh se gj[zuD dhnK ;kohnK]poK gj[zu rJhnK ;B. T[; B/ ;fsr[oK d/ nksfwe frnkB pko/ th ikDfbnk ;h. fJ;/ bJh T[; B/ okw okfJ dk gZy BjhI fbnk s/ T[; ~ v/jokd{Bd/ fJbke/ ftu ikrho sK gZeh eo fdZsh, go T[; d/ r[o{ pDB tkbhjwkfJs BjhI ehsh. T[; B/ d/y fbnk fe f;Zy ;zrsK dh FoXk fe; gk;/j?. fJ; bJh ;fsr[oK dh nksfwe Fesh dk fJj gZy ftukoB tkbk j? feT[jBK B/ n"ozr}/p tor/ ubke dh Bhsh s'I f;Zyh ~ pukfJnk.

id ;fsr[o{ ih fdZbh gjz[u/ ;B sK T[E/ u/ue dh phwkoh c?bh j'Jh ;h.u/ue S{s dh phwkoh j?. fJ; Bkb s/} skg uVQ e/ ;oho ftu ;]s ghVkjz[dh j?. ;oho T[&&Zgo Skb/ j' iKd/ jB. r[o{ ih fdZbh gj[zufdnK jh d[yhnKraohpK dh ;jkfJsk eoB bZr gJ/. ;fsr[oK B/ r[o{ BkBe xo dh Xowwo:kdk ~ ekfJw oZyfdnK o'r ghVs fJbkfenK ftu ik e/ jo gZy'I wddehsh. fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK T[&&Zgo th u/ue dk jZbk j' frnk. okik i? f;zx B/pkjo iwBk d/ ezY/ fJe y[ZbQ/ ;EkB T[&&Zgo ;fsr[oK d/ fNekD/ dk gqpzX

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(40) r[owfs frnkB

eotk fdZsk. ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ nkgDk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wKB/V/ ikD e/ e'b p?mhnK ;zrsK ~ T[gd/F ehsk fe @pkpk pekb/ j?.# fJ;s'I Gkt ;h fe ;kv/ s'I pknd r[osk rZdh ;zGkbD tkb/ wjK g[oy fgzv pekb/ftu jB. fwsh 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih fdZbh fty/i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. fiE/ ;fsr[oK d/ gzi G{se ;oho dk ;;eko ehsk frnkT[E/ r[od[nkok @pkbk ;kfjp# ;[F'fGs j?. fJ;/ ~ GkJh r[odk; ih d{i/ B/ekft o{g ftu fJT[I fbfynk j? L

jfofeqFB G:' n;Nw pbphok–jfofeqFB G:' n;Nw pbphok–jfofeqFB G:' n;Nw pbphok–jfofeqFB G:' n;Nw pbphok–jfofeqFB G:' n;Nw pbphok–fiB gj[zu dj/bh (fdZbh) sfiU ;ohok–fiB gj[zu dj/bh (fdZbh) sfiU ;ohok–fiB gj[zu dj/bh (fdZbh) sfiU ;ohok–fiB gj[zu dj/bh (fdZbh) sfiU ;ohok–fiB gj[zu dj/bh (fdZbh) sfiU ;ohok–

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—gqFB (T) L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk w[ZYbk ihtB, r[osk rZdh s/

;wekbh jkbks pko/ ukBDk gkT[.gqFB (n) L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dh fdZbh c/oh, n"ozr}/p dh Bhsh

s/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk gqekF 7 i[bkJh 1656 JhH ~ ehosg[o

;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;'.T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih dh wksk dk Bkw wksk feqFB e"o ns/ fgsk ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ

;kfjp ih ;B.gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ <T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 6 nes{po

1661 JhH ~ ;qh jfofeqFB ih ~ r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh.gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;zpzXh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ eh

fbfynk j? <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih dh wfjwk fpnkB eofdnK d;w/F fgsk ih B/ Gr"sh eh tko

dh gfjbh gT[Vh ftu fbfynk j?, @;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


;fG d[y ikfJ.#gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih pko/ eth ;zs'y f;zx ih B/ eh

fbfynk j? <T[&&Zso L eth ;zs'y f;zx ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ;fsr[o{ ih ;G s'I T[&&Zsw s]s

T[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ ns/ fiBQK d/ doFB eoB Bkb ;G d[Zy d{o j'iKd/ jB.

gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;zpzXh GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ ehfbfynk j? <

T[&&Zso L GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih;kohnK f;nkDgK s/ fwjoK d/ Gzvko jB.

gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ j[ewokBe"D ;h <

T[&&Zso L T[; ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ n"ozr}/p j[ewokB ;h.gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~ n"ozr}/p ;zpzXh r[o{ fgsk ih dh

eh nkfrnk ;h <T[&&Zso L ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dh n"ozr}/p ;zpzXh fJj okfJ ;h, @Bfj wb/S e'

doFB d? j?I.#gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ fe; gk;'I rhsk d/ noE eotkJ/ <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK B/ gzi'yo/ fty/ SZi{ MhT{o gk;'I rhsk d/ noE eotkJ/.gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih i'sh i's ed'I s/ feZE/ ;wkJ/ <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. fiE/ T[BQK

d/ ;oho dk ;;eko ehsk frnk T[E/ r[od[nkok @pkbk ;kfjp, ;[F'fGsj?.

✫✫✫

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(42) r[owfs frnkB

B"t/I gksFkjB"t/I gksFkjB"t/I gksFkjB"t/I gksFkjB"t/I gksFkj;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih

fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–;kXfB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh–;kXfB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh–;kXfB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh–;kXfB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh–;kXfB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh–;h;[ dhnk go[ ;h B T[uoh–;h;[ dhnk go[ ;h B T[uoh–;h;[ dhnk go[ ;h B T[uoh–;h;[ dhnk go[ ;h B T[uoh–;h;[ dhnk go[ ;h B T[uoh–Xow j/s ;kek fifB ehnk–Xow j/s ;kek fifB ehnk–Xow j/s ;kek fifB ehnk–Xow j/s ;kek fifB ehnk–Xow j/s ;kek fifB ehnk–;h;[ dhnk go[ f;oo[ B dhnk–;h;[ dhnk go[ f;oo[ B dhnk–;h;[ dhnk go[ f;oo[ B dhnk–;h;[ dhnk go[ f;oo[ B dhnk–;h;[ dhnk go[ f;oo[ B dhnk–

(pfuZsq BkNe)(pfuZsq BkNe)(pfuZsq BkNe)(pfuZsq BkNe)(pfuZsq BkNe)

Gkt noE L

T[go'es gzeshnK ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh d/ ;zpzXftu—;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe, nkgDh nksw eEk ftufbyhnK jB.

nkgDk pbhdkB d/ e/ B"t/I gksFkj ih B/ fjzd{ Xow d/ fsbe s/ izR{~ puk fbnk. efb:[r ftu Fjhdh gk e/ ;fsr[oK B/ pj[s tZvk ;kek eofdykfJnk. Gb/ b'eK bJh GfbnkJh eofdnK e[opkBh dh jZd eo fdZsh.nkgDk ;h; e[opkB eo fdZsk, go w[Zy'I @;h# se Bk T[ukoh. fJe Xow dhoZfynk bJh fJj wjkB ;kek ehsk. ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDk ;h; sK tko fdZsk,go f;de Bk SZfvnk.

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B"t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (43)

;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih

wksk L—wksk BkBeh ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih

gqekF L—1 ng?qb 1621 JhH;EkB L—;qh nzfwqs;o (r[o{ e/ wfjb)

;[gsBh L—wksk r[ioh ih

;zskB L—;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih

r[o{ ekb L—30 wkou 1664 JhH s'I 11 Btzpo 1675 JhHwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) L

f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh gzikp s/ g{oph Gkos dk d"ok ehsk. @@G? ekj{ eT[d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkB## d/ f;XKs #s/ gfjok fdzd/ j'J/, fjzd{ Xow s/;GBK bJh Xkofwe n}kdh fjs nkgDk pbhdkB d/ e/ ;wki ~ fBoG?pDkfJnk. nkg ih dh T[ukoB ehsh pkDh ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftu doi j?.

Fjhdh L—11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/e[Zb T[wo L—54 ;kb 7 wjhB/ 10 fdB

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(44) r[owfs frnkB

(T) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nkozGe ihtB s/ r[fonkJh L;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih, S/t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/

;G s'I S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/ ;B. nkg dk gqekF 1 ng?qb 1621 JhH ~ wksk BkBehih dh e[Zy'I ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ r[o{ e/ wfjbK ftu j'fJnk. j[D fJj ;EkB r[o{p}ko ftu r[od[nkok r[o{ e/ wfjb eoe/ ikfDnK iKdk j?. nkg d/ fgsk;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 1630 JhH se nzfwqs;o oj/ ns/ fco T[jgfotko ;w/s eoskog[o (f}bQk ibzXo) ub/ rJ/ ;B. fJ; gqeko r[o{ s/rapjkdo ih dh T[wo d/ gfjb/ 9 ;kb ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ jh phs/. nkg ihpugB s'I jh ;zs ;o{g, pj[s rzGho s/ T[&&Zuh fposh d/ wkbe ;B. nkg ihdh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh S/t/I gksFkj ih dh d/y o/y j/m j'Jh. nkg ~r[opkDh s/ Xow rzqEK dh ftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb F;soK dh tos'I s/ x'V-;tkoh nkfd dh f;ybkJh eotkJh rJh.

;qh (r[o{) s/r pjkdo ih dk ftnkj eoskog[o fBtk;h ;qh bkb uzdih dh ;g[Zsoh phph r[ioh ih Bkb 1632 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fJjBK dh e[Zy'I ;zB1666 ftu ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF j'fJnk.

id 1634 JhH ftu eoskog[o fty/ S/t/I gksFkj ih dh u"Eh izr j'JhsK fJ; izr ftu ;qh (r[o{) s/ra pjkdo ih B/ s/ra d/ seV/ jZE ftykJ/ ns/nkgD/ nkg ~ s/ra dk XBh ;kps ehsk. T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dh T[wo 14 ;kbd/ eohp ;h.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. T[; s'I pknd i' r[o{ fgsk j[ew eo rJ/ ;B, ;qh s/rpjkdo ih nkgDh wksk BkBeh ih s/ ;[gsBh ;qh r[ioh ih ;w/s pekb/ nke/ ofjD bZr gJ/. pekbk Bro wksk BkBeh ih d/ g/e/ ;B s/ s/r pjkdoih dk BkBek fgzv ;h. fJE/ nkg ;XkoB fij/ wekB ftu ofjzd/ ns/ tZXs'I tZX ;wK Bkw f;woB ftu bhB ofjzd/ ;B. ihtB pj[s ;kdk, gftZsos/ Grsh GktBk tkbk r[ikod/ ;B. fJE/ GiB pzdrh ftu 20 ;kb phs rJ/.

;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/ i'sh i's;wk rJ/. i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK ;zrsK ~ fJj puB eo rJ/ fe T[jBKd/ fgZS'I r[fonkJh dh f}w/tkoh T[jBK d/ pkpk i' pekbk fty/ fBtk;eod/ jB, T[j fBGkT[Dr/. nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/ puB ;B, @pkpk

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pekb/ j?#. foFs/ ftu th ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo ih, nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/dkdk ih bZrd/ ;B. gzikph ftu @pkpk# Fpd dkd/ bJh th ne;o tofsnkiKdk j?.

pkpk pekb/ j? tkbh rZb id d{o-d{o c?b rJh sK w"e/ dk bkGT[mkD bJh pekb/ ftu pkJh ;'Yh rZdhnK bk e/ p?m rJ/. fJjBK ;kfonK~ Gow ;h fe ;kv/ ftZu'I jh fe;/ ~ r[o{ wzB fbnk ikt/rk. fJjBK ftu pkpkXho wZb sK ;G s'I ftF/F ;B, feT[Ife fJjBK gk; GkJh r[odk; ih dhfbyh j'Jh nkfd phV ;h. f;Zy ;zrsK pekb/ sK nkJhnK, go pkJhdknt/dko t/y e/ fBokFsk j'Jh.

;w/I-;w/I nekb dh ebk tosdh j?. fJ; rZb ~ fJe ;kb phs frnkfe wkou 1665 ftu wZyD Fkj b[pkDk BkT[I dk fJe FoXkb{ gzi ;" w'joKdh eko G/Nk b? e/ pekbk fty/ g[Zik. T[j J/B/ r[o{ pD/ t/y e/ go/FkB j'frnk. T[; B/ nodk; ehsh fe ;Zu/ gksFkj ih ! s[;hI nkg jh w?~ d[fpXkftu'I eZY'. GkJh wZyD Fkj jo fJe nZr/ d'-d' w'joK oZy e/ wZEk N/eh frnk.pkJh wzihnK tkb/ nZi eZbQ d/ d/jXkoh gkyzvhnK tKr{z ][F j'-j' e/ n;h;Kd/Jh rJ/. T[; ~ s;Zbh feXo'I th Bk j'Jh. T[; B/ fe;/ FoXkb{ s'I g[ZfSnkfe j'o th ;'Yh fJE/ j?. T[; Gb/ g[oF B/ GiB pzdrh tkb/ ;qh s/ra pjkdoih dh dZ; gkJh. GkJh wZyD Fkj B/ id d' w'joK oZy e/ wZEk N/fenk sK;fsr[o{ w[;eok e/ efjD bZr/, fJj d' w'joK feT[I < r[o{ dh nwkBs fdZshjh uzrh j[zdh j?. GkJh wZyD Fkj ih B/ gzi ;" w'joK r[o{ uoBK #s/ Xo e/ wZEkN/fenk. fco T[; B/ e'm/ uVQ e/ gZbk c/fonk ns/ T[&&Zuh-T[&&Zuh g[ekoB bZrk,r[o{ bkX' o/-r[o{ bkX' o/-r[o{ bkX' o/HHHHHH.

fJ; soQK pkJh wzihnK tkb/ gkyzvhnK dk gki th T[xV frnk s/ ;Zu/r[o{ gqrN j' rJ/. f;Zy ;zrsK ~ pj[s ][Fh j'Jh s/ jz[w j[wk e/ ;zrsK pekbkfty/ gj[zuhnK. fJ; soQK 20 wkou 1665 JhH ~ pkpk p[ZYk ih d/ g'so/ pkpkr[ofdZsk ih B/ ;fsr[oK ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe brkfJnk. r[o{ ih B/ r[oskrZdh dh f}zw/tkoh ;zGkbh. T[; ;w/I nkg ih dh T[wo 44 ;kb ;h.(n) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nBzdg[o t;kT[Dk s/ Xow gquko L

;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih d/ r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB jz[fdnK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(46) r[owfs frnkB

jh gkyzvh r[o{ xo' xoh ub/ rJ/. Xho wZb B/ e[M w;zdK ~ Bkb b? e/ r[o{ih T[&&Zgo jwbk ehsk. T[j f;Zy ;zrsK tZb'I p[oh soQK fcNekfonk frnk.;fsr[oK B/ fco th T[; ~ w[nk\ eo fdZsk. e[M ;wK pkpk pekbk fty/ ofjDT[gozs r[o{ ih soB skoB, yv{o ;kfjp s/ r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp dh :ksokeoe/ ;qh nzfwqs;o gZ[i/. ;qh nekb s]s d/ gk; fiE/ j[D r[od[nkok EVQk;kfjp j?, fJE/ fJe p/oh EZb/ nk fpoki/. fJE'I id ;fsr[o{ ;qh jfowzdo;kfjp d/ doFBK ~ rJ/ sK Jhoyk dh nZr ftu ib oj/ g[ikohnK B/ dotk}/pzd eo fdZs/. r[o{ ih pkjo'I jh doFB eoe/ tkg; ub/ rJ/. fJE'I uZb e/;fsr[o{ uko whb d/ ck;b/ #s/ @tZbk# fgzv g[Zi/. id'I nzfwqs;o dhnK ;zrsK~ gsk bZrk sK ;zrsK tjhoK xZs e/ g[ZihnK. nzfwqs;o d/ g[ikohnK tZb'I ehs/wkV/ ftjko bJh w[nk\h th wzrh. ;fsr[o{ nfs gq;zB j'J/. fiE/ ;fsr[o{fpoki/ ;B,fJE/ tZbk fgzv ftu r[od[nkok dwdwk ;kfjp j?.

r[o{ ih B/ wkM/ ftu r[o n;EkBK dh :ksok eoB s'I pknd ehosg[oikD dk \?;bk ehsk. ehosg[o ;kfjp th XhowZbhnK d/ jwkfJshnK dktshok mhe BjhI ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ efjb{o d/ oki/ dhg uzd gk;'I fgzvwky'tkb dh }whB w[Zb b? e/ nes{po 1665 JhH ~ nBzdg[o dh BhIj oZyh.fJ; Bro dk gfjbk BK @uZe BkBeh# ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh wksk ih d/ BkT[I#s/ oZfynk ;h, i' pknd ftu nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ BK Bkb gqf;ZX j'fJnk.fJj ;EkB ehosg[o ;kfjp s'I gzi e[ whb dh d{oh #s/ j?. E'V/ wjhfBnK ftujh fJj Bro tZ; frnk.

fi; gqeko pZdb nB/e ;EkBK #s/ pkoF eoe/ sgd/ ;z;ko ~ mzYgkT[Id/ jB, T[;/ soQK goT[gekoh ;fsr[oK B/ bzpk GqwD eoe/ nksfweT[gd/FK Bkb ;z;ko ~ skfonk. ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo ih B/ ;qh nBzdg[o;kfjp s'I Xow gquko bJh bzph :ksok ehsh. e[M T[x/ f;Zy th Bkb rJ/.fJ; :ksok dk fJe ekoB sK f;Zy ;zrsK Bkb w/b i'b eoBk ;h, feT[Ifegfjb/ gksFkj ih s'I nZmt/I gksFkj ih se f;Zy ;zrsK pj[s d{o-d{o se;Ekgs j' u[ZehnK ;B. d{;ok n"ozr}/p dhnK rabs BhshnK eoe/ e[M b'eeFN MZb oj/ ;B. T[jBK ~ iE/pzd eoBk s/ d[Zy sebh\K dk jZb eoBkth }o{oh ;h. r[o{ ih gfotko ns/ w[yh f;ZyK ;w/s ehosg[o s'I jz[d/ j'J/ wkbt/ftu nkJ/. fJE/ nB/e b'e ;yh ;oto d/ th T[gkFe ;B. T[jBK ~ fJe gqG{d/ Bkw f;woB dk T[gd/F fdZsk. ;kp' eh sbtzvh s'I XwXkD Bro GkJh

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whjK ih ~ fJbke/ dk gqukoe fB:[es ehsk. ;zrsK Bkb puB fpbk;eod/, f;Zyh fdqVQ eotkT[Id/, ;fsr[o{ ih e[oy/so s/ EB/;o rJ/. fJE/ nkgih dh :kd ftu fJfsjk;e r[od[nko/ jB. fJE'I r[o{ ih iwBk gko eoe/:{HghH gj[zu/. fJE/ ;fs;zr jz[dk fojk. fJE/ nB/eK b'eK ~ swke{ ghD s'Itofink ns/ fJ; dhnK p[fonkJhnK s'I ikD{ eotkfJnk. fJE'I wEok s/nkro/ s'I jz[d/ j'J/ fsqt/Dh (gqkr) gj[zu/. T[; s'I nZr/ eKFh dh ;zrs B/ pj[sjh g/qw Bkb ;/tk ehsh. fJE/ ;fsr[oK dh :kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp j?. nZr/;;okw s'I j[zd/ j'J/ r:k gj[zu/. fJE'I Xow dk T[gd/F eod/ ;fsr[o{ gNBknkJ/. gNB/ ftu ;zrs B/ ;fsr[oK d/ fBtk; bJh wekB pDtkfJnk. fJE/j[D ;qh jfowzdo gNBk ;kfjp j? i' gziK s]sK ftu'I fJe s]s j?. ;fsr[oKB/ e[M ;wK gNBk fty/ fBtk; ehsk. ;fs;zrs jz[dk fojk s/ fco gfotko~ fJZE/ SZv e/ r[o{ ih B/ nk;kw s/ pzrkb ikD dh fsnkoh ehsh.

r[o{ ih fpjko s'I jz[d/ j'J/ pzrkb ftu rJ/ ns/ Yke/ ftu fBtk; ehsk.;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih gfjbh T[dk;h ;w/I fJE/ rJ/ ;B. fJE/ pj[s ;ko/ g/qwhf;Zy ;B. ;fsr[o{ ni/ Yke/ ftu jh ;B fe d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzdf;zx ih d/ iBw XkoB dh ]po gjz[uh. ;fsr[oK B/ gNB/ dh ;zrs ~ T[jBKd/ gfotko dh ;/tk eoB eoe/ XzBtkd eofdnK ;zrsK d/ BK j[ewBkwkG/fink. fco Yke/ s'I r[o{ ih n;kw gqKs tZb ub/ rJ/. fJE/ ;fsr[oK B/ d';kb d/ eohp f;Zyh gquko ehsk.

fJj 1669 JhH dh xNBk j? id r[o{ ih n;kw-pzrkb tZb nkJ/ j'J/;B sK n"ozr}/p B/ ;ko/ Gkos bJh fJe j[ew ikoh ehsk fe ek\oK dhnK;G gkmFkbK s/ wzdo Ykj fdZs/ ikD. T[jBK dhnK Xkofwe o;wK s/ftZfdnk ~ ]sw ehsk ikt/. fJ; Bkb jkjkeko wZu rJh. i' fJ;bkw ep{beo bt/, T[; ~ ;jkfJsk s/ fJBkw fwbdk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ fJj jkbks ikDe/ S/sh jh gzikp ~ gosD dh fsnkoh ehsh. ;fsr[o{ gfjbK gNBk ;kfjpgj[zu/ ns/ gfotko ~ fwb/. fJE/ ;fsr[oK B/ nkgD/ ;g[Zso r'fpzd okfJ ~gfjbh tko t/fynk. gNBk ;kfjp fty/ E'VQk ;wK r[}ko e/ r[o{ ih pBko;s/ n:[fXnk FfjoK ftu dh jz[d/ j'J/ YkJh fszB wjhfBnK d/ ftu nBzdg[o;kfjp gj[zu rJ/. T[gozs ibdh jh r[o{ ih B/ ;ko/ gfotko ~ gNB/ s'InBzdg[o ;kfjp wzrtk fbnk.

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(48) r[owfs frnkB

(J) n"ozr}/p dk nZfsnkuko s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih gk; eFwhohgzvsK dh g[eko Lw[rab pkdFkjK ftu'I n"ozr}/p pj[s ubke s/ BhshtkB ;h. T[; B/

1658 JhH s'I b? e/ 1707 JhH se oki ehsk. fJ; ;w/I d"okB Gkos ftu jogk;/ nFKsh jh ojh. fJ; B/ Xow dh nkV j/m okiBhse s"o #s/ pj[s jh}[bw ehs/. s]s jfEnkT[D bJh nkgD/ d' Gok dkok s/ w[okd ~ wotkfdZsk ns/ fJe Gok F[ikj ~ d/F fBekbk d/ fdZsk. o"FB nkok G?D ~jbek-jbek }fjo d/ e/ wko w[ekfJnk. nkgD/ fgsk FkjijkB ~ e?deoe/ oZfynk, fiZE/ T[j e?d ftu jh 1666 JhH ~ c"s j' frnk. nkgD/ ehs/j'J/ gkgK dh ekby X'D bJh n"ozr}/p nkgD/ nkg ~ fJ;bkw dk okyk th}kjo eodk fojk. nfij/ }kbw j[ewokB d/ jz[fdnK r?o w[;bwkB fet/Iuzrk ihtB ihn ;ed/ ;B.

w[rab je{ws pj[s G?Vh okiBhsh dh fFeko j' rJh ;h. n"ozr}/p B/w[;bwkB ;{\h \ehoK ~ th BjhI p]fFnk. fjzd{ Xow T[&&Zs/ g{oh ;]sh F[o{j' rJh. T[jBK d/ g[okD/ wzdo s/ gkmFkbK Ykj e/ w;fidK ftu spdhbehsk frnk. ;ko/ T[&&Zsoh s/ g{oph Gkos ftu n"ozr}/p d/ j[ew Bkb ;]shdh bfjo ubkJh rJh. fjzd{nK T[&&Zgo i}hnk brkfJnk frnk. T[jBK d/Xkofwe w/fbnK T[&&Zgo gkpzdhnK bk fdZshnK. T[jBK ~ ;oekoh B"eohnKs'I eZfYnk ikD bZfrnk.

T[Xo fjzd{ e"w d/ nkr{ sK pqkjwD ;B ns/ iK F;sqXkoh okig{syZsoh ;B. yZsoh b'e w[rabK dk jZE m'ek pD e/ T[bNk fjzd{nK T[&&Zgo jh}[bw eoB bZr gJ/ ns/ pqkjwD b'e nBgVQ fjzd{ iBsk ~ c'eN eoweKvK s/ GowK d/ ikb ftu c;k e/ fJjBK ~ o'Nh o'}h dk nXko ;wM oj/;B. fJjBK jkbsK ftu fjzd{ ;wki nkr{ jhD pD u[Zek ;h.

T[; ;w/I eFwho gzvsK dk tZvk rVQ ;h s/ fJe rZb gqf;ZX ;h feeFwho ftu pj[s ftdtkB gzfvs ofjzd/ ;B. n"ozr}/p B/ 1674 JhH ftu\?;bk ehsk fe r?o w[;bwkBK ~ w[;bwkB pDkfJnk ikt/. T[; B/ ;G s'IgfjbK eFwho ~ jh u[fDnK. fJe sK eFwhoh gzfvs ftdtkB eoe/ gqf;ZX;B. T[; dk f]nkb ;h fe i/ eo fJj b'e fJ;bkw ep{b eo b?Dr/ sKpkeh iBsk ~ s'VBk e'Jh n"yk BjhI. d{ik eFwho dhnK jZdK d{i/ d/FK

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Bkb bZrdhnK jB, fJ; soQK fJ;bkw dk gqGkt tX/rk. shik fJj b'e g{ikdk XkB ykD tkb/ jB s/ fJjBK ~ vok Xwek e/ iK bkbu d/ e/ th fJ;bkwtZb g/qfonk ik ;edk j?.

fJjBK jkbsK ftu fJ\s]ko eFwho dk rtoBo ;h. T[; B/ FkjhBhsh nB[;ko eFwho d/ pqkjwDK T[&&Zgo pj[s nZfsnkuko ehs/ s/ T[jBK ~ipohI w[;bwkB pDkT[D dk jo ;zGt :sB ehsk. eFwhoh b'e ;qh r[o{noiB d/t ih dh Fjhdh s/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh s/ra s'I uzrhsoQK tke\ ;B. fJ; bJh eFwhoh gzfvsK B/ w[rabK dh s/ra nZr/ M[eD s'IgfjbK ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nk;ok fbnk.

gzfvs feogk okw dh nrtkJh j/m ;'bQK eFwhoh pqkjwDK dk fJet\d ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp g[Zik. 25 wJh 1675 JhH ~ T[jBK dh w[bkeks ;qhr[o{ s/r pjkdo ih Bkb j'Jh. gzfvs feogk okw r[o{ BkBe xo dh d[yhnKdk dod tzvkT[D tkbh GktBk s'I gfjbK jh ikD{z ;h. d{;ok ;qh r[o{ s/rpjkdo ih dh wfjwk d{o-d{o se c?bh j'Jh ;h.

;fsr[oK B/ eFwhoh gzfvsK d/ d[Zy ~ pj[s jwdodh Bkb ;[fDnK.r[o{ ih B/ fJj th \[owkfJnk fe fJj ;zeN sK Nb ;edk j?, i/ eo e'JhwjkB ftnesh pbhdkB d/t/.

fJj ;[D e/ gk; p?m/ ;qh r'fpzd okfJ ih B/ fejk fe fgsk ih ! s[jkv/s'I wjkB ftnesh fco e"D j' ;edk j?. fJj ;[D e/ ;koh ;zrs ftu T[sFkjs/ pho o; Sk frnk.

;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ eFwhoh gzfvsK ~ fejk, s[;hI p/-FZepkdFkj ~ fby G/i' fe r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kv/ Xkofwe ofjpo jB. i/ eoT[j fJ;bkw ep{b eo b?D sK n;hI ;ko/ jh fJ;bkw ep{b eo btKr/.

@@G? ekj{ eT[ d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkfB## fJj ;b'e ;qh r[o{ s/rpjkdo ih dk ofunk j?. Gkt fe;/ ~ vo d/Dk th BjhI s/ fe;/ dk vo wzBDkth BjhI. ;fsr[oK B/ eFwhoh gzfvsK ~ ;jkok d/ e/ n;b ftu fJ; ;b'edh jh ftnkfynk eo fdZsh. r[o{ ih dk nB[Gt ;h fe pbhdkB fdZs/ s'I pr?ofJ; w[rab je{ws d/ }[bw ~ o'fenk th BjhI ik ;edk. i/ eo b'eK d/fdbK ftu'I w"s dk vo d{o j't/rk sK jh T[j uzrk ihtB ihn ;eDr/. fJ;soQK r[o{ ih B/ n"ozr}/p d/ }[bw ~ tzrkfonk.

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(50) r[owfs frnkB

(;) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh LeFwhoh gzfvsK B/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk \[owkD eFwho gj[zu

e/ ;{p/ ~ fJzi jh ;[Dk fdZsk. id fJj ;koh rZb n"ozr}/p se gjz[uh sK T[;B/ j[ew ehsk fe r[o{ s/r pjkdo ~ frq\sko eoe/ fdZbh fbnKdk ikt/.

T[Xo eFwhoh gzfvsK ~ nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I ftdk eoe/ ;fsr[oK B/b'eK ftu ikrosh g?dk eoB ns/ }[bw d/ Nkeo/ bJh fsnko eoB tk;s/gq'rokw T[bhfenk. ;fsr[oK ~ nB[Gt ;h fe e[opkBh ;w/I dh b'V j?. r[o{ih B/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I uZbD t/b/ ;zrsK ~ puB ehsk fe ;kv/ s'Ipknd r[fonkJh dh f}zw/tkoh r'fpzd okfJ ih ;zGkbDr/. ;qh r[o{ gzE gqekFftu fbfynk fe , @fco x[ZN e/ p/N/ r'fpzd okfJ ih ~ iZch gkJh ns/ftdkfJrh bJh.#

r[o{ ih ;dk jh fJB;k\, ;ZukJh, db/oh s/ JhwkBdkoh tkbk ihtBihT{D bJh ;zrsK ~ g/q/od/ ;B. ;fsr[o{ ih voB tkb/ ~ ekfJo s/ vokT[Dtkb/ ~ ikpo ;wMd/ ;B. fwsh 11 i[bkJh 1675 ~ r[o{ ih gzi f;ZyK ;w/s;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I otkBk j'J/. nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I ehosg[o,gfNnkbk, ;wkDk, ihId, o'jse jz[d/ j'J/ o;s/ ftu irQk-irQk ;zrsK ~T[gd/F fdzd/ r[o{ ih nkrok gj[zu rJ/.

;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ~ f;ZyK ;w/s nkro/ s'I frq\sko eoe/ fdZbhfbnKdk frnk. T[; ;w/I Gkt/I n"ozr}/p fdZbh ftu BjhI ;h, go T[; d/ j[ewBkb jh ;G e[M j' fojk ;h. n"ozr}/p d/ G/i/ j[ew nB[;ko ;EkBe jkewKB/ r[o{ ih nZr/ fszB FosK oZyhnK, @fJ;bkw ep{b eo', eokwks ftykU iKw"s ep{b eo'.#

;fsr[oK B/ T[&&Zso fdZsk fe ;kv/ bJh nkgDk Xow fgnkok j?. eokwksefjo dk BK j?, fJj n;K fdykT[Dh BjhI i' r[o{ nkF/ d/ T[bN j?. sh;ohojh w"s dh rZb, fJ; ~ n;hI gqtkB eod/ jK. i/ eo fe;/ }[bw ~ fwNkT[DbJh ;oho fwN th ikt/ sK fJ; B/ sK fJe fdB fwN jh ikDk j?.

fJj ;[D e/ ;fsr[oK ~ Fjhd eoB bJh j[ew ikoh j'fJnk. w[rabjkewK tZb'I b'eK ftu je{ws dk vo g?dk eoB bJh fdZbh ftu fJ; dhw[Bkdh eotkJh rJh. fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie ftu t/yD tkfbnK dh pj[sGhV ;h. fJ; ftu fjzd{, w[;bwkB s/ f;Zy th ;B. fGnkBe w"s dk voktk

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d/D bJh r[o{ ih d/ ;kjwD/ gfjbK GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonkfrnk. fco GkJh ;sh dk; ih ~ fiT{Id/ ihn o{z ftu bg/N e/, nZr bk e/;kfVnk frnk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ gkDh dh T[pbdh d/rftu fpmk e/ T[pkfbnk frnk. r[o{ ih d/ fszB fgnko/ f;Zy nkgDk f;Zyhf;de fBGkT[Id/ Fjhd j' rJ/.

fszBK f;ZyK dh Fjhdh s'I pknd 11 Btzpo 1675, fdB thotko ;h,id fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e ftu ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk fJe iZbkd B/sbtko Bkb XV s'I ;h; tZy eo fdZsk. fJ; ;EkB #s/ j[D r[od[nkok @;h;rzi# ;kfjp j?. ;fsr[oK d/ f;de nZr/ w[rabK dk }[bw jko frnk. fJ;/;zpzXh d;w gksFkj ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j?, @;h; dhnk gof;oo B dhnk#.

fJj e[opkBh fsbe izR{ dh okyh bJh ;h. r[o{ xo ftu fJ; ~ Bk e'JhgfjBdk ;h s/ Bk ftFtk; ;h. go jo/e ~ nkgD/ Xow nB[;ko ihtB ihDdk jZe d/Dk s/ fdtkT[Dk r[o{ BkBe xo dk Xow ;h. fJ; dh rtkjh ;qhr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh nksw eEk ftu fJT[I g/F ehsh j? L

fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–

id fJj tZvk ;kek tkgfonk sK uKdBh u"Ie ftu b'eK dh tZvh GhV;h. fJ; nd[Zsh Fjhdh ~ d/y e/ jkjkeko wZu rJh. fJ; ;w/I GkJh i?sk ihB/ pj[s jh u[;sh Bkb, jkewK s'I nZy pukn e/ ;fsr[oK dk ;h; T[mkfbnk. fJj :'Xk fdZbh s'I tkj' dkjh ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp tZb uZb fgnk.fdZbh s'I nBzdg[o ;kfjp d' e[ ;" whb dh d{oh #s/ j?. fJ; ;{ow/ B/ }kbwje{ws dh gotkj BjhI ehsh s/ fdB oks uZbdk ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih segj[zu frnk. r[o{ ih B/ GkJh i?sk ih ~ rb Bkb bkfJnk ns/ fgnko BkbpuB ej/, @ozxo/N/ r[o e/ p/N/.# (fJj' GkJh i?sk ih nzfwqs Se e/ ihT{Df;zx pD/ s/ uwe"o dh izr ftu Fjhd j'J/.) fiE/ B"t/I gksFkj ih d/ ;h;dk ;;eko ehsk frnk T[E/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ r[od[nkok ;h; rzi;kfjp j?.

T[Xo ;fsr[oK d/ XV ~ ;zGkbD dh ;/tk GkJh bZyh Fkj tDikok ihB/ ehsh. fJj jkbks d/y e/ ;fsr[oK dk XV T[mk e/ b? frnk. fJ; B/ nkgD/

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(52) r[owfs frnkB

xo ftu jh fuyk pDk e/ ;fseko Bkb ;fsr[oK dh d/j oZyh s/ xo ~ jhnZr brk fdZsh. fiE/ r[o{ ih d/ ;oho dk ;;eko j'fJnk, fJE/ r[od[nkok@oekp rzi# ;kfjp (fdZbh) j?. fJ; wjkB e[opkBh d/ ;dek ;qh r[o{ s/rapjkdo ;kfjp ih ~ @fjzd dh ukdo# th fejk ikdk j?.

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—(T) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nkozGe ihtB s/ r[fonkJh d/ fJfsjk; pko/

s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <(n) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nBzdg[o t;kT[Dk ns/ Xow gquko bJh

ehsh bzph :ksok T[go ukBDk gkU.(J) n"ozr}/p dk nZfsnkuko s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih gk; eFwhoh

gzfvsK dh g[eko dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.(;) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dk gqekF 1 ng?qb 1621 JhH ~, r[o{ e/ wfjb nzfwqs;o fty/

j'fJnk.gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk BK dZ;'.T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih d/ wksk dk Bkw BkBeh ih ns/ fgsk S/t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{

jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ;B.gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk ftnkj ed'I s/ feE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj eoskog[o (ibzXo) fBtk;h ;qh bkb uzd ih

dh ;g[Zsoh phph r[ioh ih Bkb 1632 JhH ~ j'fJnk.gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe ed'I s/ fezBQK B/

bkfJnk <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe 20 wkou 1665 JhH ~ pkpk p[ZYk ih

d/ g'so/ pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/ bkfJnk.gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ fejVk Bro ed'I t;kfJnk <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih B/ nes{po 1665 JhH ~ efjb{o d/ oki/ dhg uzd gk;'I fgzv

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


wky'tkb dh }whB b? e/ @nBzdg[o# dh BhIj oZyh. fJ; Bro dkgfjbk BK @uZe BkBeh# ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh wksk ih d/ BkT[I #s/oZfynk ;h.

gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ gk; eFwhoh gzfvs ed'I s/ feT[I nkJ/ <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih gk; eFwhoh gzfvs wJh 1675 JhH ~ nBzdg[o ;kfjp nkJ/,

feT[Ife n"ozr}/p d/ j[ew Bkb T[jBK ~ ipohI w[;bwkB pDkfJnkik fojk ;h. T[j nkgDh oZfynk bJh nkJ/ ;B.

gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh ed'I s/ feZE/ j'Jh <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih dh Fjhdh 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie fty/

j'Jh. fJe iZbkd B/ sbtko Bkb r[o{ ih dk XV s'I ;h; tZy eofdZsk.

gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ Bkb fdZbh fty/ j'o fejV/ f;ZyK ~ Fjhdehsk frnk <

T[&&Zso L GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonk frnk, GkJh ;sh dk; ih~ nZr ftu ;kfVnk frnk ns/ GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ gkDh dh T[pbdhd/r ftu T[pkba e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.

gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh ;zpzXh d;w gksFkj ih B/ ehfbfynk j? <

T[&&Zso L B"t/I gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh ;zpzXh d;w gksFkj ih B/ nkgDhnksw eEk pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j?, @fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–# fJ; s'I f;tk j'o th pj[s Fpd jB.

gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh Bkb ;pzfXs fejV/-fejV/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp jB <

T[&&Zso L fiZE/ ;fsr[oK dh Fjhdh j'Jh T[E/ fdZbh fty/ r[od[nkok @;h; rzi#;kfjp j?. nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ r[o{ ih d/ ;h; dk ;;eko j'fJnk,T[j r[od[nkok th @;h; rzi# d/ BkT[I Bkb ikfDnk iKdk j?. fiZE/;fsr[oK d/ ;oho dk ;;eko j'fJnk T[E/ r[od[nkok @oekp rzi#;kfjp fdZbh fty/ j?.

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(54) r[owfs frnkB

d;t/I gksFkjd;t/I gksFkjd;t/I gksFkjd;t/I gksFkjd;t/I gksFkj;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih

Bk;o' wB;{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– J/}dh wB}{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–Bk;o' wB;{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– J/}dh wB}{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–Bk;o' wB;{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– J/}dh wB}{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–Bk;o' wB;{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– J/}dh wB}{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–Bk;o' wB;{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– J/}dh wB}{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nkrkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– Fkfj FkjBFkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nkrkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– Fkfj FkjBFkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nkrkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– Fkfj FkjBFkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nkrkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– Fkfj FkjBFkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nkrkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– Fkfj FkjBFkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nzd/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– pkdFkj dot/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nzd/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– pkdFkj dot/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nzd/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– pkdFkj dot/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nzd/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– pkdFkj dot/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–jZe jZe nzd/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– pkdFkj dot/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–ekfdo/ jo eko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– p/e;K ok :ko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–ekfdo/ jo eko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– p/e;K ok :ko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–ekfdo/ jo eko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– p/e;K ok :ko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–ekfdo/ jo eko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– p/e;K ok :ko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–ekfdo/ jo eko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– p/e;K ok :ko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–

(GkJh Bzd bkb ih)(GkJh Bzd bkb ih)(GkJh Bzd bkb ih)(GkJh Bzd bkb ih)(GkJh Bzd bkb ih)

fJj gzrshnK GkJh Bzd bkb ih dh ouBk jB. GkJh Bzd bkb ih;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ dopkoh ethnK ftZu'I wjkB eth ;B. nkg dkiBw 1633 JhH ~, r}Bh fty/ ;qh SZi{ okw yZsoh d/ xo j'fJnk. d;wgksFkj ih dh F];hns ;zpzXh GkJh Bzd bkb ih dh g[;se @s";h\' ;Bk#ftZu'I fJj e[M e[ gzrshnK jB.Gkt noE L★★★★★ fijBK dk e'Jh nk;ok BjhI, T[jBK dh wdd eoB tkb/ ns/ fi;

dh nekb g[oy tZb'I wdd j'Jh—T[j ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wjkokijB.

★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih uzrh soQK nekb g[oy d/ ikD{ ns/ wjkokfinKd/ wjkokik jB.

★★★★★ ;Zu/ gow/Fo ~ ;wMD tkb/ ns/ pkdFkjh s/ \ehoh d/ t/; ftu ofjDtkb/ jB—;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih.

★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih jo ekoi d/ eoB dk pb oZyD tkb/ ns/nBkEK d/ ;jkfJe jB.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (55)

;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih;zy/g ihtB doFB L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih

wksk L—wksk r[ioh ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih

gqekF L—22 d;zpo 1666 JhH;EkB L—;qh gNBk ;kfjp (fpjko)

;[gsBhnK L—nihs e"o ih, ;z[do e"o ih, ;kfjp e"o ih

;zskB L—;kfjp}kdk nihs f;zx ih, ;kfjp}kdk i[Mko f;zx ih, ;kfjp}kdk }'okto f;zx ih, ;kfjp}kdk \sfj f;zx ih

r[o{ ekb L—11 Btzpo 1675 JhH s'I 7 nes{po 1708 JhHwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) LwjkB ekoi (goT[geko) L

f;Zy e"w ~ ;dk uVQdh ebk ftu ftuoB s/ ;Zu bJh e[opkB j'D dhiku f;ykJh. T{u Bhu s/ iks gks dh tzv ~ ;dhth ]sw eoe/ 1699 JhH~ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ehsh. ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dh dwdwh phV fsnkoeotk e/ r[o rZdh p]Fh ns/ F];h r[fonkJh ]sw eo fdZsh. f;Zy gzE s/f;Zy f;XKsK bJh ;opz; se e[opkB eo fdZsk. ipo s/ }[bw d/ ]ksw/ bJhfizB/ th Xow :[ZX ehs/ ;GBK ftu \sfj gkJh.

i'sh i's L—7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ BKd/V (wjkokFNo) fty/e[Zb T[wo L—41 ;kb 9 wjhB/ 17 fdB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(56) r[owfs frnkB

(T) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek, r[fonkJh s/ gfotko Ld;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh nksw eEk ekft o{g

ftu fbyh j?. fJ; dk BK pfuZsq BkNe j?. ;Zuw[Zu nkg dk ihtB tfuZsos/ n;uoi j?. ;fsr[oK dk ihtB T[jBK tZb'I T[uko/ Fpd dh jh ftnkfynkj? L

w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k– d/yfB nk:' irs swk;k–w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k– d/yfB nk:' irs swk;k–w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k– d/yfB nk:' irs swk;k–w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k– d/yfB nk:' irs swk;k–w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k– d/yfB nk:' irs swk;k–

d;t/I ikw/ ftu r[o{ BkBe i's dk gqskg s/ r[o{ ebk tosdh t/y e/;z;ko j?okB ofj frnk.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF 22 d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ wksk r[iohih dh e[Zy'I, B"t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ rqfj fty/ gNBk ;kfjpfty/ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j? L

sjhI gqekF jwkok G:'– gNBk Ffjo fpy? Gt b:'–sjhI gqekF jwkok G:'– gNBk Ffjo fpy? Gt b:'–sjhI gqekF jwkok G:'– gNBk Ffjo fpy? Gt b:'–sjhI gqekF jwkok G:'– gNBk Ffjo fpy? Gt b:'–sjhI gqekF jwkok G:'– gNBk Ffjo fpy? Gt b:'–

id r[o{ ih dk gqekF j'fJnk sK T[; ;w/I B"t/I gksFkj ih Ykek(pzrkb) fty/ ;B. B"t/I gksFkj ih B/ T[E'I gNB/ dh ;zrs d/ BK j[ewBkwkG/fink s/ gfotko dh ;/tk ;zGkb eoB ;dek ;zrsK dk XzBtkd th ehsk.fJj th nkfrnk ehsh fe ;kfjp}kd/ dk BK ;qh @r'fpzd okfJ# oZfynk ikt/.]kb;k gzE dh ;kiBk s'I pknd nkg dk BK @r'fpzd f;zx# j'fJnk.

pkb r'fpzd okfJ ih dh d?th F];hns pko/ nB[Gt eofdnK m;ekf}bQk eoBkb d/ ofjD tkb/ w[;bw gho GhyD Fkj B/ gNBk gj[zu e/;fsr[oK d/ doFB ehs/. ft;wkd ftu g[eko T[fmnk fe fJj pkb ;kohwB[Zysk ~ fgnko eo/rk. wksk r[ioh ih, wkwk feqgkb ih ns/ j'o w[yhf;ZyK B/ pj[s jh ;ktXkBh Bkb pkb r'fpzd okfJ ih dh gkbDk g';Dkehsh. nkg d/ pugB d/ gfjb/ gzi e[ ;kb gNBk ;kfjp fty/ jh r[}o/. S'NhT[wo s'I jh r[o{ ih i'fXnK ioB?bK tkbhnK o[uhnK oZyd/ ;B.

r[o{ ih d/ B{okBh u/jo/ s'I pkb nt;Ek ftu jh pj[s b'e gqGkts ;B.gNB/ dk gzfvs fFt dZs s/ nk; gk; d/ eJh w[;bwkB nkg d/ FoXkb{ ;B.fJ;/ soQK gNBk fBtk;h okik \sfj uzd w?Dh s/ T[; dh okDh r[o{ ih ~ pj[sfgnko eod/ ;B. oki/ d/ xo g[Zso BjhI ;h s/ r[o{ ih okDh ~ wK nky e/g[Zso fgnko fiskT[Id/ ;B. r[o{ ih d/ fsnkr dh fposh sK T[; ;w/I jh gqrN

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j' rJh ;h, id pugB ftu nkg B/ ;'B/ d/ eV/ rzrk ftu trkj wko/ ;B.fJE/ r[od[nkok r'fpzd xkN j?.

T[Xo ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih nk;kw, pzrkb s'I Xow gquko :ksok s'Itkg; gos e/ gNBk ;kfjp fty/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwb/. fco nkg nBzdg[o;kfjp nk rJ/. E'VQk ;wK pknd B"t/I gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ gNBk;kfjp s'I nBzdg[o ;kfjp p[bk fbnk. fJj' jtkbk nkgDh nksw eEkpfuZsq BkNe ftu r[o{ ih B/ fJ; soQK fdZsk j? L

wZdq d/; jw e' b/ nkJ/– GKfs GKfs dkJhnB d[bokJ/–wZdq d/; jw e' b/ nkJ/– GKfs GKfs dkJhnB d[bokJ/–wZdq d/; jw e' b/ nkJ/– GKfs GKfs dkJhnB d[bokJ/–wZdq d/; jw e' b/ nkJ/– GKfs GKfs dkJhnB d[bokJ/–wZdq d/; jw e' b/ nkJ/– GKfs GKfs dkJhnB d[bokJ/–ehBh nfBe GKfs sB oZSk– dhBh GKfs GKfs eh f;ZSk–ehBh nfBe GKfs sB oZSk– dhBh GKfs GKfs eh f;ZSk–ehBh nfBe GKfs sB oZSk– dhBh GKfs GKfs eh f;ZSk–ehBh nfBe GKfs sB oZSk– dhBh GKfs GKfs eh f;ZSk–ehBh nfBe GKfs sB oZSk– dhBh GKfs GKfs eh f;ZSk–

GKs GKs dh f;Zfynk ftu r[o{ ih ~ r[ow[yh s/ r[opkDh dh ftZfdnkd/ Bkb-Bkb ;z;feqs s/ \ko;h th gVQkJh rJh. fJ; s'I fJbktk F;soK dhtos'I, x'V-;tkoh s/ sho nzdk}h dh f;ybkJh th fdZsh rJh. r[o{ ih i/ eopkbgB dhnK y/vK th y/vd/ sK T[; y/v dk e'Jh wsbp jz[dk ;h. nkw eoe/nkg nkgD/ jkDhnK ~ d' N'bhnK ftu tzv b?Id/ ;B. fJe N'bh d/ w'joh nkgpDd/ ns/ Bebh :[ZX oukT[Id/ ;B. j[D ;fsr[oK dh T[wo ;kY/ nZm ;kbd/ eohp j' u[Zeh ;h. T[Xo n"ozr}/p pkdFkj d/ ;skJ/ j'J/ eFwhoh gzfvsr[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ dopko ftu nkgD/ Xow dh oZfynk bJh \fonkdb? e/ nkJ/. B"t/I gksFkj ih B/ T[jBK ~ ;jkok fdZsk s/ \[owkfJnk fe fe;/wjKpbh dk pbhdkB jh fJ; }[bw ~ o'e ;edk j?. T[; ;w/I e'b p?m/ pkbr'fpzd ih B/ fejk ;h fe fgsk ih ! s[jkv/ s'I tZvk wjKpbh fco j'o e"D j';edk j?.

;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ;qh nBzdg[o s'I fdZbh tZb ~ ubD ;w/I ;zrsK~ j[ew eo rJ/ ;B fe ;kv/ s'I pknd r[orZdh dh f}zw/tkoh r'fpzd okfJih ;zGkbDr/. T[Xo n"ozr}/p d/ ipo ~ tzrkod/ j'J/, ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdoih 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie ftu Fjhdh gk rJ/. ;fsr[oKdh Fjhdh s'I pknd pkpk p[ZYk ih dh nzF ftZu'I pkpk okw ezto ih B/ ebrhfirQk (firQk=f;o dk rfjDk) ;ik e/ s/ ;qh ;kfjp gfjBk e/ r'fpzd okfJih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe brkfJnk. fJ; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dh T[wo B"I ;kbd/ eohp ;h. fJ; s'I pknd ;fsr[oK B/ f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ gk;ko ns/ e"whT[;koh bJh Bt/I ekoi T[bhe/. ;fsr[oK gk; gfjb/ B"I gksFkjK d/ ihtB

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(58) r[owfs frnkB

\b;\/ dk tvw[Zbk ]}kBk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ s]s #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j[zfdnK jhuVQdh ebk d/ puB ehs/. B"t/I gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd ;zrsKftu wk:{;h BjhI j'D fdZsh, ;r'I fBvo s/ uVQdh ebk tkb/ pDkfJnk.;zrsK d/ Bkw j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe F;so s/ seV/ i[nkB G/Nk eoB.

T[; ;w/I r[o{ ih d/ ;kjwD/ fszB tZvhnK skesK Bkb NZeo ;h. fJesK n"ozr}/p pkdFkj eZNV s/ }kbw ;h, d{;ok r[o{ xo d/ fto'Xh whD/,Xho wZbhJ/, okwokJhJ/ s/ T[jBK d/ e[M rz[wokj ehs/ b'e ;B. sh;ok T[u}kshJ/ gjkVh fjzd{ oki/ r[o{ xo d/ ;op ;KMhtkbsk d/ T[gd/F ~ nkgD/fBZih s/ oki;h fjZsK d/ fto[ZX ;wMd/ ;B. fJjBK fszB FeshnK Bkb i{Me/ f;Zy e"w dh fBnkoh j'Id ~ ekfJw oZyDk e'Jh ;"yk ekoi BjhI ;h.;fsr[oK B/ }kbw pkdFkj dk G?n b'e wBK s'I d{o eofdnK fejk fe i/eo n"ozr}/p x'fVnK #s/ uVQB dh wBkjh eodk j? sK w?I Fkj ;tkopDktKrk. oDihs Brkok th yVe/rk. fBFkB th M{bDr/. M{bd/ fBFkBs/ Brkok—n}kd oki d/ fuzBQ wzB/ iKd/ ;B. w[rab pkdFkj tZb'I okr dhwBkjh ;h, go nBzdg[o ;kfjp okr ftZfdnk dk e/Ido pfDnK. d;wgksFkj ih nkg fwqdzr, i'Vh, f;ozdk pj[s ;z[do tikT[Id/ ;B. ftdtkBethnK tZb'I eth dopko ;Zid/.

i/ eo r[o{ ih d/ gfotko pko/ ikDhJ/ sK ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj bkj"ofBtk;h ;qh jfoi; dh ;g[Zsoh phph ihs' ih Bkb 1677 JhH ftu r[o{ e/ bkj"ofty/ j'fJnk. seohpB ;Zs ;kb phs rJ/, go fJjBK d/ ;zskB BjhI j'Jh.fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK dk d{ik ftnkj th bkj"o fBtk;h ;qh okw FoB dh ;g[Zsohphph ;z[doh ih Bkb 1684 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fJjBK dh e[Zy'I ;kfjp}kdk nihsf;zx dk iBw 1686 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fco fszB ;kfjp}kfdnK dk iBw wkskihs' ih dh e[Zy'I j'fJnk. ;kfjp}kdk i[Mko f;zx ih dk iBw 1689 JhH,;kfjp}kdk i'okto f;zx ih dk 1696 JhH ns/ ;kfjp}kdk \sfj f;zx ihdk iBw 1698 JhH ~ j'fJnk. wksk ;kfjp e"o ih Bkb ;fsr[oK dh FkdhsK j'Jh, go T[jBK dh M'bh ]kb;k gzE gkfJnk. fJ; ftnkj dk foFsk;z;koe foFfsnK tkbk BjhI ;h, ;r'I nfXnksfwe ;h.

;zB 1682 ftu GkJh Bzd bkb ih th nBzdg[o ;kfjp r[o{ ih d/dopko ftu nk rJ/. ;zB 1685 ftu okik w/dBh gqekF d/ ;Zd/ #s/ ;fsr[oKB/ e[M ;w/I bJh g{op dhnK gjkVhnK tZb ikD dk wB pDk fbnk.

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(n) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZb'I gkT[INk ;kfjp t;kT[Dk s/ f;Zyh gquko Lgfjb/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I b? e/ ;ko/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB ftF/F

:'iBk nB[;ko ]k;-]k; fJbkfenK ftu f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh rJ/. UXoBkjD dk okik w/dBh gqekF r[o{ xo dk g{ok FoXkb{ ;h. T[; B/ nkgDkt}ho ;fsr[oK dh ;/tk ftu G/fink fe BkjD doFB d/t'.

r[o{ ih B/ okik w/dBh gqekF dh p/Bsh wzB e/ 1685 JhH ftu nkgD/gqtko ns/ gzi ;" ;tkoK ;w/s nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I BkjD ~ e{u ehsk. r[o{ih ehosg[o s/ o'gV s'I jz[d/ j'J/ BkjD g[Zi/. w/dBh gqekF B/ pj[s g/qw Bkb;[nkrs ehsk.

;fsr[o{ fJe fdB okik w/dBh gqekF Bkb fFeko y/v oj/ ;B. iwBkd/ feBko/ pj[s ;[zdo ns/ owDhe EK d/y e/ oki/ B/ r[o{ ih ~ p/Bsh ehshfe fit/I ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp t;kfJnk ;h, fJ; soQKs[;hI th w/o/ fJbke/ ftu e'Jh Bro t;kT[. fJ; Bkb nkg ih d/ fJE/ uoBgkT[D dh g/qw Goh :kdrko oj/rh.

oki/ dh p/Bsh gqtkB eoe/ r[o{ ih B/ 1685 JhH ftu gkT[IN/ dh BhIjoZyh. fJE/ w/dBh gqekF dh goik ns/ f;ZyK B/ ob e/ iwBk d/ T[ob/ feBko/fJe eZuk febQk fsnko ehsk. fJ; s'I fgZS'I j'o fJwkosK pDhnK ns/ uzrho"De j' rJh. ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fJj th jtkbkfdZsk j?, @;jo gkT[INk eh ;[fX bJh.# gkT[INk BkT[I oZyD ;zpzXh th fJ; soQKd/ ftuko jB fe @gkT[I# Gkt @uoB# fNekJ/. fJj gkT[I fNekJ/ s'I gkT[INkFpd j'Id ftu nkfJnk. fJE/ r[o{ ih brGr ;kY/ uko ;kb d/ eohp oj/.fJ; ;w/I dofwnkB ;fsr[oK B/ ;kfjs ouBk tZb ftF/F fXnkB fdZsk. d;wgksFkj ih fJj wfj;{; eod/ ;B fe ;wki dh r[abkw wkBf;esk ~pdbD dh b'V j?. fe;/ ;wki d/ ;[Gkn s/ o[uhnK ~ pdbD bJh ;kfjsjh tZvh G{fwek fBGk ;edk j?. fJE/ ;fs;zr s/ ehosB sK d'B'I ;w/I jz[dkjh ;h, fJ; d/ Bkb gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/ eth dopko th F[o{ j'J/. ;fsr[oKB/ d/F d/ wjkB ethnK ~ nkgD/ dopko ftu ;Zd e/ g[oksB Xow rzqEK dknB[tkd th eotkfJnk. fJjBK ethnK dh frDsh ptzik ;h. r[o{ ih nkgwjkB eth ;B. T[jBK dhnK nfXnksfwe s/ ;kfjse ouBktK dk tZyokjh ;EkB j?. gq'H ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ikg[ ;kfjp, ;tZJhJ/ s/

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(60) r[owfs frnkB

nekb T[;sfs nkfde pkDhnK d;w gksFkj ih B/ gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/jh ouhnK. ;z;koh ethnK dh goy T[jh eo ;edk j? i' nkg ethnK f;oeth j't/. ;fsr[oK torh ekft ebk dk Bw{Bk fjzd[;skBh ekft ebk ftufeXo/ th BjhI j?. SzdK dh ukb, T[ukoB Yzr, pho o;h o{g nkfd ;G dkfBnkok jh ozr j?.

Xow gquko d/ ezw ftu fJe j'o BthI o{j GoB bJh ;fsr[oK B/ e[Mf;Zy ftdtkBK ~ pBko; G/fink fe s[;hI ;z;feqs d/ wkjo ftdtkB pD'.pBko; ofj e/ T[jBK eJh ;kb ;z;feqs gVQh. fJjBK ftdtkBK ~ fBowb/fejk frnk. f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ g;ko ftu fJjBK fBowb/ ;kX{nK B/ pj[s:'rdkB gkfJnk. fJjBK B/ ;kfjs ouBk th ehsh ns/ g[oksB ;kfjs dkT[bEk th ehsk. fJ; Bkb b'e wBK ftu'I pqkjwD dh toD tzv tkbh Bhshtkbk ikb j'o th N[ZN frnk, feT[Ife ;z;feqs T[&&Zgo pqkjwDK dk jhgqGkt ;h.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh GktBk ;h fe w/o/ f;Zy ;zs-f;gkjh j'D.fJjBK ftZu gzfvs torh ftdtsk j't/, jo GkFk d/ frnksk j'D, g[oksBrzqEK dh o{j ~ ;wMD s/ ;wMkT[D tkb/ y'ih j'D ns/ ;z;ko dhnK ;w{jebktK dh Mbe fJjBK ftZu'I B}o nkt/. fJj p'b g{o/ j' oj/ ;B L

fJBjh s/ gzfvs T[gikT{I. eEk eoB eh ohs ubkT{I–fJBjh s/ gzfvs T[gikT{I. eEk eoB eh ohs ubkT{I–fJBjh s/ gzfvs T[gikT{I. eEk eoB eh ohs ubkT{I–fJBjh s/ gzfvs T[gikT{I. eEk eoB eh ohs ubkT{I–fJBjh s/ gzfvs T[gikT{I. eEk eoB eh ohs ubkT{I–fJBjh s/ oki/ T[gikT{I. oki eoB eh ohs ubkT{"I–fJBjh s/ oki/ T[gikT{I. oki eoB eh ohs ubkT{"I–fJBjh s/ oki/ T[gikT{I. oki eoB eh ohs ubkT{"I–fJBjh s/ oki/ T[gikT{I. oki eoB eh ohs ubkT{"I–fJBjh s/ oki/ T[gikT{I. oki eoB eh ohs ubkT{"I–

fJE/ jh gho p[ZX{ Fkj gzi ;" gmkDK ~ Bkb b? e/ ;fsr[oK dh ;?Bk ftuFkwb j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK d/ n?;/ FeshFkbh gqskg ~ t/y e/ fto'XhnK s'Iifonk Bk frnk. fJ; soQK r[o{ ih ~ ;w/I-;w/I f;Zy e"w dh fBnkoh j'Id s/;t? wkD ~ ekfJw oZyfdnK, Xow ubktB ;zs T[pkoB bJh, d[FNK dkBkF eoB ns/ ipo }[bw ~ mZbQ gkT[D bJh Xow :[ZX th eoB/ gJ/. r[o{ih dk nBw'b puB j? fe id ;G jhb/ t;hb/ ]sw j' ikD sK jZE ftusbtko T[mkT[Dh ikfJ} j?. fe;/ Bkb izr eoBk ;fsr[oK dk fwFB BjhI;h, go T[jBK B/ s/ra T[; ;w/I jh u[Zeh id j'o e'Jh ukok BjhI ;h s/ fcoT[jBK B/ w?dkB/ izr ftu ikpoK dk jzeko s'fVnk.

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(J) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZb'I ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk L;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZb'I ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk e/tb Gkos jh

BjhI, ;r'I ftFt d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJe fBnkok e"se ;h. ;fsr[oK d/;kjwD/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih s'I b? e/ B"t/I gksFkj se f;oi/ wB[Zy~ ;zg{oB o{g d/D dk wjkB ekoi ;h. T[j g{oB wB[Zy fi; d/ wB ftu ;dkeosko dh :kd, ;Zu bJh i{MD dk ukn, oZp d/ pzfdnK Bkb jwdodh,d[FNK dk BkF eoB bJh s/ra ns/ UN fJe nekb dh j't/.

fJ; ekoi dh ;zg{oBsk bJh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ 1699 JhH dht?;kyh ~ tZv/ fJeZm bJh f;Zy ;zrsK ~ ftF/F s"o #s/ ;Zd/ G/i/. t?;kyh ;w/If;Zy ;zrsK dk i'V w/bk ;ZiD dk fotki ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih d/ ;w/I s'I jhgquZbs ;h. fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK d/ ftF/F ;Zd/ Bkb tZvh frDsh ftu ;zrsK;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp doFB eoB nk rJhnK. 30 wkou 1699 ~ ;qh e/;rVQ;kfjp tkb/ ;EkB #s/ dhtkB ;Zfink. szp{ eBksK bZr/ j'J/ ;B. ehosB dh;wkgsh s'I pknd d;w gksFkj ih jZE ftu fbFedh sbtko b? e/ g{o/i'F ftu szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/. r[o{ ih B/ ;w{j ;zrsK ~ ;zp'XB eoe/ T[&&Zuhntk} ftu fejk fe w?~ fJe ;h; dh b'V j?, e'Jh nfijk f;Zy j? i' Xowdh ykso nkgDh ikB tkoB bJh fsnko j't/. fJj puB ;[D e/ ;zrsKj?okB j' rJhnK. ;fsr[oK B/ id fJj wzr d{ih-shih tko d[jokJh sK GkJhdfJnk okw bkj"o d/ fBtk;h B/ nkgDk ;h; g/F ehsk. T[; B/ fBwosk Bkbfejk, ;fsr[o{ ih ! fJj ;h; s[jkvk j?, fi; th b/y/ ukj' ;\b eo'. r[o{ih T[; ~ szp{ ftu b? rJ/. nzdo sbtko d/ uZbD #s/ XV d/ fvZrD dhntk} nkJh.

r[o{ ih c/o bj{ fbZpVh sbtko b? e/ szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/ ns/ fJe j'o;h; dh wzr ehsh. fJ; soQK tkoh-tkoh fdZbh d/ Xow dk; ih, irBBkEd/ fjzws okfJ ih, d[nkoek d/ w'jew uzd ih ns/ fpdo fBtk;h GkJh;kfjp uzd ih B/ nkgD/ ;h; G/IN ehs/. ;fsr[o{ ;GBK ~ tkoh-tkoh szp{ ftub? e/ rJ/. T[; ;w/I ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ nZ;h j}ko d/ eohp ;zrsK dkfJeZm ;h. r[o{ ih dh T[wo T[; ;w/I 33 ;kb d/ eohp ;h.

j[D ;zrsK szp{ tZb pj[s jh T[sktbhnK j' e/ d/y ojhnK ;B. e[M ;w/Ipknd r[o{ ih szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/ ns/ pho o; Bkb Gog{o ;B. ;fsr[oK d/

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(62) r[owfs frnkB

Bkb ;z[do g[FkfenK ftu T[j gzi/ bkb ;B, fijBK B/ ;h; G/IN ehs/ ;B.fco ;fsr[oK B/ nzfwqs dk pkNk fsnko ehsk. ;op b'j d/ pkN/ ftu gftZsoib gkfJnk ns/ wksk ihs' ih B/ gsk;/ gkJ/. ;fsr[oK B/ pho nk;D #u p?me/, pkN/ ftu ;Zi/ jZE Bkb yzvk c/ofdnK gzi pkDhnK, @;qh ig[ ih ;kfjp,ikg[ ;kfjp, ;[Xk ;tZ:/, u"gJh ;kfjp s/ ;qh nBzd ;kfjp ih dk gkm ehsks/ fco nodk; j'Jh.

nzfwqs fsnko j' u[Zek ;h s/ r[o{ ih B/ gziK fgnkfonK ~ gfjbK gzi-gzi u{b/ Sek e/ fejk, @p'b' tkfjr[o{ ih ek ]kb;k– tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj–# fco gzi-gzi SZN/ B/soK #u gkJ/ fe ;dk ;t? wkD Bkb T[&&Zu/ ofjDk j?. fcogzi-gzi u{b/ ;h; ftu gkJ/ fe ;wki dh ;'u ftZu'I ;dhnK dh r[abkwh d{oj't/. jo tkoh tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj p[bkJh sK fe ;GBK ~ fdqV j't/ fe]kb;k tkfjr[o{ dk j? s/ \sfj th tkfjr[o{ dh j'Dh j?. ]kb;/ dh f;oiBk~ r[o{ ih B/ @gqrfNU ]kb;k gqwksw eh w"i# fejk j?. fJ; fdB s'I ;fsr[oKB/ wodK ~ @f;zx# ns/ fJ;sqhnK ~ e"o (oki g[Zsoh) dk f]skp p]fFnk.fco r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe nZi s'I s[jkvk BtK iBw j'fJnk j?. gziKeekoK—@e/;, ezxk, eVk, feogkB, eSfjok# dh ofjs ftu gZe/ ofjDkj?. s[jkvhnK fgSbhnK iksK, r'sK ;G ]sw s/ nZi s'I s[;hI tkfjr[o{ ih dk]kb;k j'. ;dk jh UN fJe gqG{ dh oZyDh s/ j'o fe;/ d/th d/ts/, r'o,wVQh, wZm nkfd ~ G[Zb e/ th BjhI wzBDk. ]kb;/ dk nkdoF ;fsr[oK B/fJT[I ;wMkfJnk L

ikrfs i's ig? fB; pk;[o J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB?–ikrfs i's ig? fB; pk;[o J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB?–ikrfs i's ig? fB; pk;[o J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB?–ikrfs i's ig? fB; pk;[o J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB?–ikrfs i's ig? fB; pk;[o J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB?–g{oB g/qw gqshs ;i? pqs r'o wVQh wN G{b B wkB?–g{oB g/qw gqshs ;i? pqs r'o wVQh wN G{b B wkB?–g{oB g/qw gqshs ;i? pqs r'o wVQh wN G{b B wkB?–g{oB g/qw gqshs ;i? pqs r'o wVQh wN G{b B wkB?–g{oB g/qw gqshs ;i? pqs r'o wVQh wN G{b B wkB?–

fco ;fsr[oK B/ fejk fe s[;hI j[D w?~ th nzfwqs dh dks p]F'. r[o{ih B/ gziK fgnkfonK gk;'I nzfwqsgkB ehsk s/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd okfJ ih s'I ;qhr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ;i/. fJ;/ ;zpzX ftu GkJh r[odk; ih d{i/ B/ fbfynkj? L

tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx nkg/ r[o u/bk–tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx nkg/ r[o u/bk–tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx nkg/ r[o u/bk–tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx nkg/ r[o u/bk–tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx nkg/ r[o u/bk–

fJfsjk;ekoK B/ fbfynk j? fe fco e[M fdBK ftu jh brGr nZ;hj}ko ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk. r[o{ ih B/ fJj th j[ew ehsk fe i' b'e f;ZynytkT[Id/ jB, T[j ;G nzfwqs SeD s/ ofjs ftu gqgZe j'D. e'Jh th e"w

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nkgDh ihtB iku eoe/ jh ;z;ko ftu T[&&Zuk o[spk gkT[Idh j?. ;fsr[oK B/]kb;/ d/ wkD-;BwkB ~ T[&&Zuk ;EkB fdZsk. ]kb;/ ~ nkgDk ]k; o{g fejkns/ nzfwqs d[nkok f;ZyK d/ ihtB T[&&Zs/ nkgDh F];hns dh Skg bk fdZsh.fijBK b'eK dhnK nB/eK ghVQhnK B/ T[&&Zu ikshnK d/ b'eK nZr/ dk; s/fBwkD/ pD e/ ihtB r[}kfonk ;h, T[j ;fsr[oK dh feogk BkbFeshFkbh i'X/ s/ ;odko pD rJ/.

d;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dhnK p/nzs p]fFFK ftZu'I wjkBT[geko j?, ;zg{oB wB[Zy d/ o{g ftu @]kb;/ dh f;oiBk.# fJ; ~ j'o ;zy/gftu fpnkB eoBk j't/ sK fejk ik ;edk j? fe d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB—tkfjr[o{ dk gqekF ;B ns/ ]kb;k T[jBK dk gqekF j?. fJ; bJh fJj bZyKeo'VK ftu yVQk th nkgDh fBnkoh gfjukD oZydk j?. ]kb;/ d/ f;oiBkfdt; ~ ;w{j ]kb;k gzE jo t?;kyh pj[s jh X{w Xkw Bkb wBkT[Idk j?ns/ i[ZrK i[rKsoK se wBkT[Idk oj/rk. fJ; pqfjwzv ftu wkBtsk d/;kjwD/ @]kb;k# w/o/ ebrhnK tkb/ gksFkj ih dk nfs fBnkok s/ nfs;z[do wkvb j?, i' T[jBK B/ pj[s bzph ftuko s'I pknd f;ofink.(;) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ Xow :[ZX L

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ tXd/ gqskg ~ d/y e/ gjkVh oki/ d[yh j'oj/ ;B. fJe sK T[j nkgD/ nkg ~ ;BksB Xow d/ oky/ ;wMd/ ;B. d{;ok;fsr[oK dk iksK gksK d/ ftseo/ ]sw eoe/ ;KMhtkbsk dk T[gd/F T[jBK~ u[ZG fojk ;h. sh;ok T[j nkgDhnK u"XoK dh ]kso w[rab ;oeko d/jwkfJsh pD/ p?m/ ;B.

fJ; d/ Bkb tZvk ekoB n"ozr}/p ;h, feT[Ife T[; ~ ]poK g[Zi ojhnK;B fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx B/ fJe tZvh \"i pDk bJh j? s/ gmkD th T[; dh\"i ftu Gosh j' rJ/ jB. fJ;/ soQK gho p[ZX{ Fkj ih ~ T[j nkgDh XkofweBhsh ftu o[ektN ;wMdk ;h.

r[o{ ih d/ s/i gqskg s'I efjb{o dk okik Ghw uzd th pj[s d[yh ;h.T[; B/ pjkB/ Bkb nkgD/ g[Zso dh Fkdh ;w/I r[o{ xo s'I gFwhB/ dh ukBDh,gq;kdh jkEh s/ j'o ehwsh t;sK wzr bJhnK. nzsoikwh ;fsr[oK B/ T[&&ZsofdZsk fe fJj t;sK f;Zy ;zrsK tZb'I r[o{ xo #u g/qw G/Nk ehshnK rJhnK jB

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(64) r[owfs frnkB

ns/ fJj fe;/ ~ fdZshnK BjhI ik ;edhnK. Ghw uzd nkgD/ jzeko tZ; e[Mj'o d{i/ gjkVh okfinK ~ Bkb b? e/ jwbkto pD e/ nkfJnk.

d;w gksFkj s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB fJj gfjbk :[ZX 1687 JhH~ gkT[INk ;kfjp s'I S/ whb d{o GzrkDh BkT[I d/ ;EkB #s/ bfVnk frnk.gjkVh okfinK dh \"i dh frDsh d; j}ko ;h ns/ d{i/ gk;/ ;fsr[oK dh;koh \"i d' e[ j}ko ;h. fJE/ jh gho p[ZX{ Fkj nkgD/ g[ZsoK, GoktK s/ ;Zs;" w[ohdK Bkb r[o{ ih dh wdd #s/ nkfJnk. r[o{ ih dh T[wo T[; ;w/I fJZeh;kb d/ eohp ;h. f;Zy \"i B/ fJe nekb ~ fXnk e/, ;kj; Bkb ipod;sNZeo bJh. f;ZyK d/ j";b/ t/y e/ gjkVhJ/ S/sh w?dkB SZv rJ/ s/ r[o{ ihdhnK \"iK dh fiZs j'Jh. fJ; izr dk jtkbk r[o{ ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftufdZsk j? s/ gqG{ dk XzBtkd fJT[I ehsk j? l

GJh ihs w/oh– feqgk ekb e/oh–GJh ihs w/oh– feqgk ekb e/oh–GJh ihs w/oh– feqgk ekb e/oh–GJh ihs w/oh– feqgk ekb e/oh–GJh ihs w/oh– feqgk ekb e/oh–

r[o{ ih gjkVh okfinK Bkb izr iK NeokT[ BjhI ukjz[d/ ;B, goT[jBK ftZu'I e[M e[ jw/FK r[o{ xo Bkb Jhoyk eod/ oj/. GzrkDh d/ :[ZX s'Ipknd e/Idoh w[rab ;oeko B/ nb\ ]K ~ gjkVh okfinK s'I eo t;{bDbJh G/fink. efjb{o d/ oki/ B/ fJBeko eo fdZsk ns/ d{;o/ gjkVhokfinK dh ;bkj Bkb, nzs r[o{ ih s'I jh wdd wzrh. GzrkDh dk :[ZX bVe/ Ghw uzd nzdo'I r[o{ ih s'I G? ykD bZr fgnk ;h. r[o{ ih ~ T[jBK b'eKT[&&Zgo dfJnk nkJh, fiBQK s'I ipoh wkbhnk t;{fbnk iKdk ;h. ;fsr[oKdhnK \"iK B/ gjkVhnK dh wdd ehsh sK @Bd"D# d/ :[ZX ftu nb\ ]K dhjko j'Jh. fJj :[ZX 1688 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh nksw eEk #ufbfynk j? L

GZi:' nbcykBz B ykBk ;zGko:'–GZi:' nbcykBz B ykBk ;zGko:'–GZi:' nbcykBz B ykBk ;zGko:'–GZi:' nbcykBz B ykBk ;zGko:'–GZi:' nbcykBz B ykBk ;zGko:'–

;fsr[oK dk shik :[ZX j[;?Bh d/ :[ZX ti'I ikfDnk iKdk j?. fJj j[;?B]K ns/ r[b/o fonk;s d/ okik r'gkb uzd dofwnkB ;h. r[o{ ih B/ nkgDk\"ih iEk r'gkb uzd dh jwkfJs bJh G/fink. fJj :[ZX 1688-89 dh ;odo[Zs ftu j'fJnk ;h. fJ; :[ZX ftu j[;?B ]K wkfonk frnk s/ r[o{ ih dh;jkfJsk tkbh \"i dh fiZs j'Jh. fJ; s'I pknd fJe tko o[;sw ]KnBzdg[o #s/ uVQkJh eoe/ nkfJnk. nZr'I f;ZyK d/ p[bzd j";b/ t/y e/, T[jjwbk eoB dk j";bk Bk eo ;fenk s/ tkg; w[V frnk.

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r[o{ ih j[D nBzdg[o ;kfjp ~ jo gZy'I wip{s pDk oj/ ;B. ;zB 1689ftu ;fsr[oK B/ fJE/ gzi febQ/ pDtkJ/. fJjBK d/ BkT[I th phosk Gog{ooZy/ rJ/, nBzdrVQ, b'jrVQ, \sfjrVQ, e/;rVQ ns/ j'brVQ. T[Xon"ozr}/p nkgDhnK w[fjzwK ftu T[bfMnk j'fJnk ;h. 1689 ftu efjb{o dkokik Ghw uzd th wo frnk. T[; d/ g[Zso B/ e[M ;w/I bJh t?o-fto'X dko;sk fsnkr fdZsk ;h.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ e[M ;kb FKswJh ;w/I ftu f;Zy Xow d/gquko s/ nkgDh \"ih Fesh ~ tXkfJnk. f;Zyh nkuoB xfVnk frnk. ;qhnBzdg[o ;kfjp Xow ftZfdnk dk e/Ido pD frnk. ;fsr[oK B/ ;wki ~fJe gk;/ pqkjwD tor tZb'I nzX-ftFtk; c?bk e/ ehsh iKdh b[ZN s'IirkfJnk. d{i/ gk;/ b'e wkfB;esk ftu'I epoK, wVQhnK, Xkr/-sths,izso-wzso nkfd d/ \}{b voK ~ eZfYnk. fJ; soQK d/ p/nzs jtkb/ d;wgksFkj ih dh pkDh #u'I fwb iKd/ jB.

fJe izr r[o{ ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB nuBu/s j'Jh. r[o{ ihf;ZyK d/ Bkb izrb ftu fFeko y/v oj/ ;B. d' gjkVh fonk;sK d/ oki/nkbw uzd s/ pbhnk uzd B/ f;ZyK dh xZN frDsh t/y e/ jwbk eo fdZsk.;fsr[oK dh nrtkJh j/m f;ZyK B/ vN e/ w[ekpbk ehsk. fJE/ r[o{ ih dh fiZsj'Jh s/ gjkVh \"iK d"V rJhnK.

1699 JhH ftu ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk d/ Bkb gjkVh oki/ ;fsr[oKd/ j'o th fto[ZX j' rJ/. j'bh s'I j'bk wjZbk gquZbs j' u[Zek ;h. ;BksB wZsdhnK toB tzv dhnK ezXK T[&&Zgo eokoh u'N ;h. gfjb/ gksFkj ih s'I b?e/ j"bah-j"bah f;Zy ;wki s/ nkw b'e wkBf;esk ftZu'I pqkjwD dk gqGkt]sw j' frnk ;h. fjzd{ gjkVh oki/ w[rab dopko Bkb fwb e/ r[o{ xo ~]sw eoB dhnK ;kfiFK ouD bZr/.

;zB 1701 d/ F[o{ ftu nBzdg[o dh gfjbh seVh izr j'Jh. gjkVhokfinK B/ w[rab je{ws se gj[zu ehsh. g?Id/ ]K s/ dhBk p/r d' ioB?bKdh nrtkJh j/m d; j}ko \"i nBzdg[o T[&&Zgo jwbk eoB bJh G/ih. j'ofonk;sK d/ oki/ th nkgDhnK \"iK b? e/ nkJ/. d[FwD \"i shj j}ko sej' rJh ns/ ;fsr[oK gk; ;Zs-nZm j}ko \"i ;h. fJ; :[ZX ftu ;kfjp}kdknihs f;zx th bfVnk. xw;kB d/ :[ZX ftu ;fsr[oK d/ sho Bkb g?Id/ ]K

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(66) r[owfs frnkB

wkfonk frnk ns/ dhBk p/r }]wh j' frnk. gjkVh oki/ s/ w[rab \"iK d"VrJhnK s/ ;fsr[oK dh fiZs j'Jh. f;Zy \"iK d/ j";b/ p[bzd j'J/.

;fsr[oK dh fiZs s/ nkgDh jko s'I pknd gjkVh okfinK B/ \?;bkehsk fe n;hI ;ko/ fwb e/ nBzdg[o dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdnKr/. Btzpo 1701ftu nBzdg[o dk d{ik :Z[ZX j'fJnk. gfjb/ fdB gjkVhnK B/ }'odko NZeobJh, go f;Zy \"iK B/ SZe/ S[vk fdZs/. d{i/ fdB efjb{o d/ oki/ B/ fJe w;sjkEh nBzdrVQ febQ/ dk dotk}k GzBQD bJh G/fink. GkJh pfuZso f;zx ihB/ n?;h BkrDh wkoh fe w;s jkEh dk wZEk uho rJh. jkEh nkgDhnK jh\"iK ~ fwZXdk j'fJnk d"V frnk. fJj :[ZX thj fdB se uZfbnk. fJ; :[ZXftu jh GkJh xBZJhnk ih B/ d'jK fXoK d/ }]whnK ~ gkDh fgbkfJnk.;fsr[oK B/ GkJh ;kfjp dh T[u nksfwe nt;Ek dk wkD eofdnK wbQwdh vZph d/ e/ fejk fe fJj th bkfJnk eo'. fJ; :[ZX ftu th ;fsr[oK dhfiZs j'Jh.

fJ; s'I pknd fBow'jh dk :[ZX j'fJnk. nBzdg[o s'I fszB e[ whb dhd{oh #s/ fJj fgzv ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ fJE/ T[&&Zu/ fNZp/ #s/ fJe eZuh rVQh nkg jhpDkJh ;h. fJj jwbktoK ~ nBzdg[o s'I pkjo jh o'eD bJh uzrh irQk ;h.r[o{ ih fBow'jh gj[zu/ jh ;B fe efjb{o dhnK \"iK B/ jZbk p'b fdZsk.gjkVhnK s/ w[rab \"iK B/ fBow'jh ~ x/o fbnk. ;fsr[oK B/ \?;bk ehskfe d[FwD \"iK ~ jko d/D bJh fJe' tko Xktk p'b fdZsk ikt/. d[FwDdh \"i fgZS/ jZN rJh ns/ r[o{ ih nrb/ fdB p;kbh ub/ rJ/.

p;kbh dk okik ;fsr[oK dk FoXkb{ ;h. T[; B/ ;fsr[oK dk pj[s;[nkrs ehsk. ;G e[M ;[D e/ gjkVh okfinK ~ nZr bZr rJh. efjb{o d/oki/ B/ p;kbh #s/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. f;Zy \"iK B/ oD ftu n?;/ i"jo fdykJ/fe okik efjb{o s/ ebw'N fgzv tkfbnK ;fsr[oK dh JhB wzB bJh. Btzpo1702 JhH ftu r[o{ ih \"iK ;w/s nBzdg[o ;kfjp nk rJ/.

fJ; s'I pknd nBzdg[o dk shik :[ZX 1703 JhH ftu j'fJnk. n"or}/pB/ gjkVh okfinK dh p/Bsh wzB e/ ;?d ]kB ioB?b ~ G/fink. fJj foFs/ftu gho p[ZX{ Fkj dk ;kbk ;h. gho p[ZX{ Fkj B/ fJ; ~ o'fenk fe r[o{ r'fpzdf;zx ih oZph B{o jB, go fJj Bk Nfbnk. w?dkB/ izr ftu fJ; T[&&Zgo n?;kn;o j'fJnk fe fJj ;fsr[oK dk w[ohd pD frnk.

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T[Xo id n"ozr}/p B/ nkgD/ ioB?bK ~ r[o{ ih dh FoB b?Id/ ;[Dfbnk sK T[; B/ bkj"o, ;ofjzd, izw{ s/ w[bskB d/ BtkpK ~ fJeZm/ j' e/jwbk eoB bJh fejk. fJj :[ZX 1704 JhH ~ j'fJnk i' nBzdg[o dk u"Ek :[ZX;h. fJfsjk;ekoK nB[;ko d[FwD dh \"i bZyK dh frDsh ftu ;h ns/ f;Zyf;gkjhnK dh frDsh d; e[ j}ko d/ eohp ;h. fszB fdB xw;kB dk :[ZXj'fJnk. f;Zy \"iK g{o/ f;de Bkb bVhnK. w[rab ioB?bK B/ f;Zy \"i dhphosk d/y e/ Bhsh pdb bJh. T[jBK B/ fefbQnK s'I fgZS/ jZN e/ nBzdg[od/ uko u[c/o/ Bkekpzdh eo bJh. fJ; soQK S/ ;Zs wjhB/ bzx rJ/. bzwk x/ok,bVkJh, G[Zy s/ EektN Bkb f;Zy ;?fBe fpwko j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/. e[M e[ f;ZyKftu fBok;sk th nkJh s/ ukbh f;zx ;fsr[oK ~ p/dktk d/ e/ th ub/ rJ/.

d{i/ gk;/ n"ozr}/p B/ ;{p/dkoK ~ skVBk ehsh fe nBzdg[o dh w[fjzwS/sh f;o/ bkT[. gjkVh okfinK s/ w[rab ;{p/dkoK B/ ;fsr[oK se gj[zu ehsh.T[jBK B/ nkg' nkgD/ Xow dhnK e;wK yk e/ fejk fe s[;hI nBzdg[o SZvikU, n;hI jwbk BjhI eoKr/. ;fsr[o{ fJjBK dhnK e[ukbK s'I uzrh soQKikD{z ;B, go ;KMh okfJ ~ wzBfdnK nBzdg[o ;kfjp SZvD dk \?;bkj'fJnk. r[o{ ih B/ fJZE/ r[od[nkfonK dh ;/tk bJh T[dk;h f;Zy GkJhr[opyF f;zx ~ T[E/ jh ofjD dh nkfrnk ehsh. d;zpo 1704 ~ S/-;Zs g'jdh oks ~ fgSb/ gfjo r[o{ ih ;dk bJh nBzdg[o ;kfjp SZv e/ ehosg[otZb uZb gJ/. ehosg[o s'I S/ whbK #s/ ;o;k Bdh ;h. ;o;k #s/ gj[zuD dhd/o ;h fe w[rabK s/ gjkVhnK B/ e;wK s'V e/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. fJe gk;/ g{oh;odh ns/ d{ik ;o;k Bdh pkoFK eoe/ uVQh j'Jh ;h. f;Zy \"iK B/ vN e/d[FwD dk Nkeok ehsk. fJE/ jh ;fsr[oK dk gfotko ftS'Vk j'fJnk. pj[s;kok Xkofwe ;kfjs th ;o;k ftu o[VQ frnk. wksk r[ioh s/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/fJe gk;/ ub/ rJ/ i' ;{pk ;ofjzd B/ BhjK ftu fuD e/ Fjhd eo fdZs/ ns/wksk r[ioh ih th ;ofjzd fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. wksk ;z[doh s/ wksk;kfjp e"o ih GkJh wBh f;zx d/ ;kE fdZbh tZb ub/ rJ/. tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/pkpk nihs f;zx s/ i[Mko f;zx ih ;fsr[oK d/ Bkb s/ ukbh d/ eohp f;zxuwe"o ;kfjp gj[zu/. fJE/ uwe"o dh rVQh ftu n;kthI izr j'Jh. bZyK dhfrDsh ftu d[FwD dhnK \"iK s/ nZr'I ukbah G[ZyD GkD/ f;zx ;B. fJE/ tZv/;kfjp}kd/ Fjhd j'J/. oks d/ ;w/I w[rab \"i ~ tzrkod/ j'J/ r[o{ ih rVQh#u'I ub/ rJ/. Bkb jh GkJh dfJnk f;zx, GkJh Xow f;zx s/ GkJh wkB f;zx

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(68) r[owfs frnkB

ih rVQh ftu'I ty-ty fdFktK s'I uZb e/ wkShtkV/ ik e/ ;fsr[oK ~ fwb/.uwe"o dh izr ftu w[rabK dh jko j'Jh, feT[Ife T[j bZyK dh frDsh ftuj[zfdnK th ;fsr[oK ~ geV BjhI ;e/ i' T[jBK dh Bhsh ;h. wkShtkV/ d/izrb ftu jh r[o{ ih B/ gqG{ dh :kd ftu fJj w'j Gfonk Fpd, @@fwsofgnko/ ~ jkb w[ohdK dk ejDk## T[ukoB ehsk.

uwe"o dh izr ~ jko wzB e/ w[rab ;oeko p[ybk rJh. fJbke/ ftuv"Ivh fgNkJh rJh fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ~ gBkj d/D tkb/ ~ ;}k s/cVkT[D tkb/ ~ fJBkw fdZs/ ikDr/. \"ih d;s/ Gkb eoB bZr/. wkShtkV/s'I Bph ]K s/ rBh ]K d' gmkDK B/ r[o{ ih ~ T[u dk gho pDk e/ nkbwrhose ;/tk fBGkJh. r[o{ ih fszBK f;zxK ;w/s dhB/ se ik gj[zu/. wkbt/ ftufiZE/ r[od[nkok @}\oBkwk# ;kfjp j?. fJj }whB eKrV fgzv dh ;h.;fsr[oK dh ebw ftu s/ra torh Fesh ;h. nkg ih B/ n"ozr}/p pkdFkjtZb \ko;h ftu fJe fuZmh fbyh, fi; dk Bkw @}\oBkwk# oZfynk. }\os'I Gkt fiZs s/ Bkwk s'I Gkt fuZmh. fJ; ~ \sfj dk ]s iK fiZs dh fuZmhfejk iKdk j?. fJ; ftu ;fsr[oK B/ gjkVh fjzd{ okfinK s/ n"ozr}/p d/ioB?bK dhnK ;kohnK ekbhnK eos{sK dk y[ZbQ e/ f}eo ehsk.;kfjp}kfdnK dh Fjhdh dk f}eo, f;ZyK dh uVQdh ebk s/ n"ozr}/p ~;]s FpdK ftu fcNekoK gkJhnK. GkJh dfJnk f;zx ih fJj ]s n"ozr}/p~ dZyD ftu g[uk e/ nkJ/. n"ozr}/p fJj }\oBkwk gVQ e/ nkgD/ gkgK dkgFukskg eodk j'fJnk wo frnk.

fgzv dhB/ s'I ;zrsK ~ ]poK fwbhnK fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wkbt/ ftujB. t?okr ftu tjhoK xZs e/ ;zrsK doFBK bJh T[wv gJhnK. fonk;scohde'N d/ fgzv wfjwk ;oik s'I fJe whb s/ j[D r[od[nkok j?, fi; ~;fsr[oK @bZyh izrb# dh gdth fdZsh. ;fsr[oK Fpd T[ukfonk L

bZyh izrb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/.bZyh izrb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/.bZyh izrb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/.bZyh izrb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/.bZyh izrb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/.

fco ]kb;k gzE fJeZmk j'fJnk. T[Xo w[rab \"iK th ;fsr[oK dh Gkbftu ;B.

w[rab ;?Bk s/ r[o{ ih dk nzsbk :[ZX t?;ky d/ wjhB/ 1705 JhH ~fydokD/ dh Ykp #s/ j'fJnk. fJ; dk BkT[I j[D w[es;o ;kfjp j?. fJE/ jhnBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I p/dktk d/D tkb/ ukbh f;zx, wkJh Gkr' ih dh g/qoBk

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Bkb tkg; nkJ/ s/ fJZE/ Fjhd j'J/. fJZE/ jh GkJh wjK f;zx ih dh p/Bsh #s/;fsr[oK B/ p/dkt/ dk ekr} ckV e/ N[ZNh gqhs rzYh ;h. fJZE/ f;Zy :'X/ pj[s pjkdohBkb bV/ ns/ t}ho ]K dhnK \"iK ;fsr[oK s'I jko yk e/ tkg; gos rJhnK.

ss;ko ti'I ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZb'I ehs/ :[ZXK dh tZvh ftF/FskfJj ;h fe fJjBK :[ZXK ftu fBZih fjZs BjhI ;B. fJj wB[Zyh nfXekoK dhokyh, ;t? wkD ns/ }[bw d/ fto'X ftu fJe T[d/F ;h. nkg ih B/ d/Ftk;hnK d/ wBK ftu fJj ftuko g?dk ehsk fe T{u Bhu s/ iks gks d/ GowKs'I T[&&Zgo T[m' s/ s[;hI ;G pokpo j'. u[Zg ukg vog'e pD e/ fe;/ dk }[bw;fjD Bkb'I fjzws s/ nDy Bkb ihU. ;fsr[oK d/ puB ;B L

XzB ihU fsj e' ir w?, w[y s/ jfo fus wfj i[X[ fpuko?.XzB ihU fsj e' ir w?, w[y s/ jfo fus wfj i[X[ fpuko?.XzB ihU fsj e' ir w?, w[y s/ jfo fus wfj i[X[ fpuko?.XzB ihU fsj e' ir w?, w[y s/ jfo fus wfj i[X[ fpuko?.XzB ihU fsj e' ir w?, w[y s/ jfo fus wfj i[X[ fpuko?.

T[j XzB jB fijBK d/ w[y #s/ gqG{ dk Bkw ns/ fuZs ftu ipo-}[bws/ ftekoK d/ fto[ZX i{MD dk ukn j?.

r[o{ ih @wkB; eh iks ;p? J/e? gfjukBp'# dk ;zd/F d/D tkb/ ns/@fiB g/qw ehU fsB jh gqG gkfJU# dh GktBk ~ gqukoB tkb/ wjkBnfXnkswtkdh ;B. fJ;/ bJh fe;/ th :[ZX ftu T[jBK dh jko BjhI j'Jh,feT[Ife T[jBK dk fwFB fe;/ Xosh T[&&Zgo ep}k eoBk BjhI ;h, ;r'I XowubktB ;zs T[pkoB ;h.(j) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk;, dZyD :ksok

s/ i'sh i's Lw[es;o d/ :[ZX s'I pknd ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wkbt/ d/ fJbke/ ~

skod/ j'J/ ;kp' eh sbtzvh gjz[u/. fJ; ;EkB #s/ r[o{ ih B/ seohpB ;tkB"I wjhB/ fBtk; ehsk. fJE/ nzfwqs ;zuko j'fJnk s/ p/nzs f;zx f;zxDhnKr[o{ tkb/ pD/. ;zrsK d{o'I-d{o'I tjhoK xZs e/ doFBK bJh nkT[IdhnK s/o'}kBk dhtkB ;ZiD bZr/.

fJe fdB dhtkB ;Zfink ;h fe GkJh vZb/ B/ fejk, r[o{ ih ! i/ eos[;hI :[ZX ;w/I w?~ s/ w/o/ ;kEhnK ~ :kd eod/ sK n;hI th tZX uVQ e/ fjZ;kb?Id/. ;fsr[oK B/ vZb/ dk jzeko d{o eoB bJh fJe pzd{e wzrtkJh s/ efjDbZr/, vZfbnk ! fJ; dk fBFkBk goyD bJh s/ok fJe itkB ukjhdk j?.vZbk s/ T[; d/ ;kEh u[Zg j' rJ/. e'Jh th nZr/ Bk nkfJnk. fco ;fsr[oK B/nkgD/ f;ZyK tZb fJFkok ehsk sK GkJh pho f;zx s/ Xho f;zx d'B'I fgU g[Zs

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(70) r[owfs frnkB

SkshnK skD e/ yV'Q rJ/. pfj; th eo oj/ ;B fe ;fsr[oK dh ntk} gfjbKw?~ ;[Dh ;hHHH. r[o{ ih B/ fBFkBk bkfJnk sK r'bh d'BK d/ f;o T[&&Zgo'I FKeodh bzx rJh. f;zxK dk f;de s/ r[o{ Go';k t/y e/ GkJh vZbk s/ T[; d/;kEh dzr ofj rJ/.

fJjBhI fdBhI wksk ;[zdoh s/ wksk ;kfjp e"o ih GkJh wBh f;zx d/;kE fdZbh s'I dwdwk ;kfjp doFB bJh nkJ/. Gkt/I T[jBK ~;kfjp}kfdnK d/ Fjhd j'D dh ]po fwb rJh ;h, go fco th wK dk w'jfe ftFtk; BjhI nk fojk ;h. Goh ;zrs ftu wksk ;z[doh ih B/ d{o se BhMBkb t/fynk. id uko/ g[Zso B}o Bk nkJ/ sK g[ZfSnk, ;fsr[o{ ih ! w/o/ uko/bkb feZE/ jB < r[o{ ih B/ Xhoi fdZsk s/ gqG{ dh o}k ftu ok}h ofjD dkT[gd/F fdZsk. r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe fJj ;kok ]kb;k s[jkvk Bkdh g[Zsoj? ns/ fJ; ~ n;hI T[jBK fpzdh g[ZsoK dh oZs Bkb gkfbank j?. fJe ethB/ fbfynk j? fe r[o{ ih B/ f;zxK tZb fJFkok eoe/ fejk L

fJB g[soB e/ ;h; go, tko dhJ/ ;[s uko–fJB g[soB e/ ;h; go, tko dhJ/ ;[s uko–fJB g[soB e/ ;h; go, tko dhJ/ ;[s uko–fJB g[soB e/ ;h; go, tko dhJ/ ;[s uko–fJB g[soB e/ ;h; go, tko dhJ/ ;[s uko–uko w{J/ s' fenk j{nk, ihts eJh jiko–uko w{J/ s' fenk j{nk, ihts eJh jiko–uko w{J/ s' fenk j{nk, ihts eJh jiko–uko w{J/ s' fenk j{nk, ihts eJh jiko–uko w{J/ s' fenk j{nk, ihts eJh jiko–

dwdwk ;kfjp fty/ jh r[o{ ih B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih s'I nB[Gt gqekFokjhI ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh phV fbytkJh. fJ; ftu B"t/I gksFkj ihdh pkDh doi ehsh. fJ; ~ dwdwh phV fejk iKdk j?. fJ;/ phV ~;fsr[oK B/ Bkd/V fty/ r[osk rZdh p]Fh. fJ;/ ;o{g dk gqekF jh nZi ;kv/;w{j r[o{ xoK ftu jz[dk j?.

dwdwk ;kfjp ~ ;fsr[oK B/ r[o{ eh eKFh Gkt ftfdne Ne;kb j'Ddk to fdZsk. fJe fdB fJE/ ;fsr[oK B/ e[M ebwK xV e/ ;o'to ftu;[ZNhnK sK f;zxK B/ p/Bsh ehsh fe r[o{ ih ! fJE/ ebwK feT[I ;[ZNhnK < nZr'Ir[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe ;kvk e'Jh th f;Zy nBgVQ Bk oj/. T[; ~ fbyDkgVQBk }o{o nkT[Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; ;EkB #s/ ;o'to @fbyD;o ;kfjp# j?.toswkB ;w/I ftu tZvh gZXo #s/ ftfdnkoEh fJE/ r[ow[yh d/ nZyo fby e/;fsr[oK dh p]fFF d/ gkso pDd/ jB.

seohpB ;tk B"I wjhB/ dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk; eoB s'I pknd r[o{ih B/ nes{po 1706 JhH ftu dZyD tZb ikD dh fsnkoh ehsh. wksk ;z[dohih s/ wksk ;kfjp e"o ih ~ ;fsr[oK B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih d/ ;kE fco fdZbh

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


tZb G/i fdZsk. T[Xo dZyD ftu n"ozr}/p ~ ;fsr[oK dk G/fink j'fJnk}\oBkwk th fwb frnk. Gkt/I n"ozr}/p B/ r[o{ ih ~ fwbD dh ykjF gqrNehsh, go }\oBkwk gVQ e/ nkgD/ gkgK dk gFukskg eodk j'fJnk,n"ozr}/p wkou 1707 JhH ftu wo frnk. T[; d/ g[ZsoK ftu rZdh bJh xo/b{izr F[o{ j' rJh. fJjBK ftu'I pjkdo Fkj B/ GkJh Bzd bkb okjhI r[o{ ihs'I ;jkfJsk wzrh. d;w gksFkj s/ pjkdo Fkj dh gfjbh w[bkeks i[bkJh1707 JhH ~ nkrok fty/ j'Jh. r[o{ ih B/ pjkdo Fkj dh p/Bsh wzB e/ T[;dh wdd ehsh s/ T[; dh fiZs j'Jh.

ng?qb 1708 JhH ~ r[o{ ih nkro/ s'I X"bg[o, niw/o, fus"VrVQ,T[i?B nkfde BroK s'I jz[d/ j'J/ Bopdk d/ ezY/ gj[zu/. r[o{ ih 17 wJh 1708JhH ~ Bopdk s'I gko bzx/. T[; ;w/I pjkdo Fkj th Bkb ;h. fcop[ojkBg[o s/ fjzr'bh s'I jz[d/ r[o{ ih ;fji/ ;fji/ i[bkJh 1708 JhH ~ BKd/Vgj[zu/. fJE/ r'dktoh d/ ezY/ v/ok ehsk. fJE/ jh r[o{ ih wkX' dk; p?okrh ~fwb/ s/ wkX' dk; p?okrh B/ uoBK #s/ Bw;eko eoe/ fejk fe ;fsr[o{ ! w?Is[jkvk jh pzdk jK. r[o{ ih B/ wkX' dk; ~ nzfwqs Sek e/ Bkw r[opyF f;zxoZfynk, go T[jBK dk BkT[I pkpk pzdk f;zx jh gquZbs fojk. pkpk pzdkf;zx ih ~ gzikp d/ jkbksK s/ je{ws d/ }[bwK s'I ikD{z eotkfJnk. ;kek;ofjzd s/ uwe"o dh rVQh dk fJfsjk; ;[D e/ pkpk pzdk f;zx d/ B/soK ftu'Inkg w[jko/ w'j d/ nZEo{ tfj s[o/. ikpoK s/ }kbwK ~ ;'XD tk;s/ r[o{ ihB/ pkpk pzdk f;zx ih ~ gzi sho, fBFkB ;kfjp s/ fJe Brkok p]fFnk.r[o{ ih B/ Bkb gzi w[Zyh f;Zy G/i/ ns/ ;zrsK d/ BK j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe T[jpkpk pzdk f;zx dh ;jkfJsk eoB. pkpk pzdk f;zx ih B/ gzikp ftu u[Du[D e/ r[o{ xo d/ d'yhnK s/ }kbwK ~ ;'fXnk ns/ ]kb;k oki d/ Mzv/ M[bkJ/.

d{i/ gk;/ i{B 1707 JhH ~ pjkdo Fkj nkgD/ S'N/ Gok ~ wko e/fjzd[;skB d/ s]s #s/ p?mk ;h. T[; bVkJh ftu d;w gksFkj ih B/ T[;dh wdd ehsh ;h. pjkdo Fkj d;w gksFkj ih dk pj[s ;fseko eoBbZr fgnk. fJj d/y e/ ;{pk ;ofjzd nkgD/ gkgK s'I ezp T[fmnk, feT[IfeT[; B/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kfdnK ~ BhjK ftu fuDk e/ Fjhd ehsk ;h. T[; ~ voj'fJnk fe pjkdo Fkj s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh fwZsosk j' rJh j? s/ j[Dw/oh y?o BjhI. T[; B/ d' gmkDK ~ r[o{ ih dk esb eo d/D bJh G/fink.fJj d'B'I gmkD th BKd/V gjz[u rJ/. T[E/ ;zrs eod/ oj/. fJe fdB Fkw

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(72) r[owfs frnkB

t/b/ ojokf; d/ gkm s'I pknd id r[o{ ih nkgD/ szp{ ftu b/N/ j'J/ ;B sKw"ek t/y e/ fJe gmkD B/ ]zio Bkb r[o{ ih #s/ tko eo fdZsk. ;zs f;gkjh;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh s/ra Bkb T[; gmkD ~ sK EK #s/ jh ]sw eo fdZsk. d{ikgmkD d"VB bZrk sK pkjo f;zxK B/ sbtko G/N eo fdZsk. wod/-wod/ fJjgmkD dZ; rJ/ fe T[jBK ~ t}ho ]K ;{pk ;ojzd B/ G/fink ;h.

]zio dk }]w r[o{ ih d/ g/N T[&&Zgo j'fJnk ;h. fJe iokj (;oiB)B/ }]w X' e/ f;T[I fdZs/ s/ wbQw gZNh eo fdZsh. }]w ekch mhe j' rJ/,go fJe fdB ewkB ’s/ fuZbk (ewkB dk v'ok) uVQkT[D ;w/A NKe/ N[ZN rJ/.;fsr[oK B/ nB[Gt ehsk fe ;kvk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK nk frnk j?. r[o{ih B/ dhtkB ;ikfJnk, ;zrsK fJeZso j' rJhnK. ;fsr[oK B/ Goh ;zrs ~j[ew ehsk fe nZi s'I F];h r[fonkJh ]sw ehsh iKdh j? ns/ f;Zy e"w B/d;K gksFkjhnK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih ~ r[o{ ;o{g wzBDkj?. nZi s'I pknd fe;/ th d/jXkoh ~ r[o{ BjhI wzBDk. nzs ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjpih ~ r[fonkJh p]F e/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih 7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ i'shi's ;wk rJ/. BKd/V fty/ fiE/ r[o{ ih i'sh i's ;wkJ/ T[; n;EkB dk BK;Zuyzv ;qh j}{o ;kfjp j?. fJj gzi s]sK ftu'I fJe j?.

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—gqFB (T) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek s/ r[fonkJh dk

fJfsjk; toBD eo'.gqFB (n) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZb'I gkT[INk ;kfjp dh ;EkgBk pko/

ikDekoh fdU.gqFB (J) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ftu'I @]kb;k gzE dh

f;oiBk# #s/ ukBDk gkU.gqFB (;) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ Xow :[ZXK pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <gqFB (j) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk;, dZyD :ksok

s/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D dk fJfsjk; toBD eo'.

;zy/g T[so tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih dk gqekF 22 d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ gNBk ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.

* kmwn dw forw

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


fJj n;EkB f;Zy gzE d/ gzi s]sK ftu'I fJe s]s j?.gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;'.T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK d/ wksk—wksk r[ioh ih ns/ fgsk B"t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{

s/r pjkdo ih ;B.gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh nksw-eEk dk Bkw eh j? ,T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih dh nksw eEk dk BK pfuZsq BkNe j?. ;Zuw[Zu nkg ih dk

ihtB tfuZso s/ n;uoi j?.gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih id r[osk rZdh #s/ fpoki/ sK T[jBK ~

fejVhnK fszB skesK Bkb NZeo b?Dh gJh <T[&&Zso L fJe sK n"ozr}/p pkdFkj ;h, d{ik r[o{ xo d/ fto'Xh whD/,

XhowZbhJ/ s/ okwokJhJ/ ;B ns/ shik gjkVh fjzd{ oki/ i' r[o{ xo d/;op ;KMhtkbsk d/ T[gd/F ~ nkgD/ oki;h fjZsK d/ fto[ZX;wMd/ ;B.

gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ed'I ehsh <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih B/ 30 wkou 1699 JhH ~ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/, ;qh e/;rVQ

tkb/ ;EkB #s/ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ehsh.gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ uko ;kfjp}kfdnK pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk nihs f;zx s/ pkpk i[Mko f;zx ih

uwe"o dh izr ftu Fjhd j'J/. r[o{ ih d/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk }'oktof;zx s/ \sfj f;zx ih ;{pk ;ojzd B/ BhjK ftu fuD e/ Fjhd eokfdZs/.

gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB gfjbk :[ZXed'I s/ feE/ j'fJnk <

T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB gfjbk :[ZX 1687 JhH ~ gkT[INk;kfjp s'I S/ whb d{o GzrkDh BkT[I d/ ;EkB #s/ j'fJnk. fJ; ftu;fsr[oK dh fiZs j'Jh.

gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ i' nBzdg[o ;kfjp febQ/ pDtkJ/, T[jBKd/ Bkw fby'.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(74) r[owfs frnkB

T[&&Zso L ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ gzi febQ/ ;B, #nBzdrVQ, b'jrVQ,\sfjrVQ, e/;rVQ ns/ j'brVQ ;kfjp.

gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ }\oBkwk fe; ~ fbfynk ns/ fJ; s'Ieh Gkt j? <

T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih B/ dhBk eKrV dh Xosh s'I n"ozr}/p pkdFkj ~ fJe ]sfbfynk, fi; dk BK }\oBkwk ;h. }\o s'I Gkt fiZs iK \sfj ns/Bkwk s'I Gkt fuZmh iK ]s j?. GkJh dfJnk f;zx ih fJj ]s n"ozr}/p~ dZyD ftu g[uk e/ nkJ/.

gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgD/ s'I pknd r[fonkJh fezBQK ~ p]Fhs/ i'sh i's ed'I ;wkJ/ <

T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih B/ ;zrsK ~ j[ew ehsk fe nZi s'I F];h r[fonkJh ]sw ns/f;Zy gzE B/ d;K gksFkjhnK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih~ r[o{ ;o{g wzBDk j?. nZi s'I pknd fe;/ th d/jXkoh ~ r[o{ BjhIwzBDk. r[o{ ih 7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ BKd/V fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.T[E/ s]s ;Zuyzv ;qh j}{o ;kfjp j?.

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r[opkDh (75)

r[opkDhr[opkDhr[opkDhr[opkDhr[opkDh@ig[ ih#, ;tZ:/ gkL À¿ (;qktr ;[ZX), nBzd[ ;kfjp g{ok, ojokf; s/

;'fjbk pkDh ftZu'I ;zy/g gqFB À¿ Bzpo d/ nkT[Dr/. fJ;/ soQK r[o fJfsjk;ftZu'I th ;zy/g gqFB À¿ Bzpo d/ j'Dr/. d'jK ftZu'I Á¿ Bzpo dk g/gonkt/rk. fJj gzi pkDhnK ftZu'I Ä¿ gqFB-T[&&Zso jB.

ig[ ih ;kfjpig[ ih ;kfjpig[ ih ;kfjpig[ ih ;kfjpig[ ih ;kfjpgqFB 1 L @ig[ s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ ig[ pkDh pko/ ;zy/g ikDekoh fdU.T[&&Zso L @ig[# s'I Gkt ig', ig[ eo' j?. fJj ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh pkDh

;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ gzBk À s'I Ç se doi j?. sseo/ ftu fJ;dk Bkw @ig[ fdZsk j'fJnk j?. ;fseko Bkb n;hI @ig[ ih ;kfjp#T[ukod/ jK. fJj pkDh nzfwqs t/b/ ns/ yzv/ pkN/ dk nzfwqs fsnkoeoB ;w/I gVQh iKdh j?.

gqFB 2 L @ig[# pkDh dk ;w[Zuk ;o{g eh j? <T[&&Zso L fJj okr w[es pkDh j?. fJ; pkDh ftu Á ;b'e s/ ÂÇ gT[VhnK

jB. À> s'I r[o gq;kfd se w{b wzso j?. gfjbk ;b'e @@nkfd ;u[i[rkfd ;u[– j? Gh ;u[ BkBe j';h Gh ;u[–# j? ns/ d{ik ;b'e nzsftu @gtD[ r[o{ gkDh fgsk s'I b? e/ BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[NhBkfb## se j?. ig[ ih ~ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ GktK dk ;ko th;wfMnk iKdk j?.

gqFB 3 L @ig[# pkDh dh gfjbh gT[Vh ftu r[o{ ih eh ;tkb eoe/ eh itkpfdzd/ jB <

T[&&Zso L ;tkb j?—@@fet ;funkok j'Jhn? fet e{V? s[N? gkfb## Gkt n;hI;funko fet/I pD ;ed/ jK ns/ i' ;kv/ s/ T[; gqG{ d/ ftukeo e{Vdh ezX j? T[j fet/I N[ZN ;edh j? < fJ; dk T[&&Zso j? fe, @@j[efw

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(76) r[owfs frnkB

oikJh ubDk BkBe fbfynk Bkfb## Gkt gqG{ d/ j[ew ftu ofjDBkb jh n;hI ;funko pD ;ed/ jK.

gqFB 4 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko gqG{ d/ do #s/ tfvnkJh fet/I gqkgs ehsh ik;edh j? <

T[&&Zso L ig[, pkDh ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@fifB ;/ftnk fsfB gkfJnkwkB[## Gkt fi; B/ gqG{ ~ f;wfonk, T[; B/ wkD s/ tfvnkJh gk bJh.

gqFB 5 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko GrsK d/ wB ftu ;dk nBzd fet/I pfDnKofjzdk j? <

T[&&Zso L @ig[# pkDh ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@BkBe Grsk ;dk ftrk;[–;[fDn? d{y gkg ek Bk;[–## Gkt GrsK d/ wB ftu ;dk fyVkT[pfDnK ofjzdk j?, feT[Ife gqG{ dh f;\s ;kbkj ;[DB eoe/ T[jBKd/ d[ZyK s/ gkgK dk BkF j' iKdk j?.

gqFB 6 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko i/ eo ;kvh p[ZXh wbhB j' iKdh j? sK fet/IgftZso j' ;edh j? <

T[&&Zso L @ig[# pkDh ftu \[owkD j?, @@Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt?e? ozfr–## Gkt i/eo ;kvh p[ZXh gkgK Bkb wbhB j' ikt/ sK gqG{ dkBkw igD Bkb fJ; ~ X' e/ gftZso ehsk ik ;edk j?.

gqFB 7 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko fi; wB[Zy ~ gqG{ nkgDh f;\s ;kbkj p]Fd/t/, T[j eh pD iKdk j? <

T[&&Zso L @ig[# pkDh ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@fi; B' py;/ f;cfs;kbkj– BkBe gkfs;kjh gkfs;kj[–## Gkt fi; ~ gqG{ B/ nkgD/ Bkwo{gh f;\s ;kbkj p]F fdZsh, T[j wB[Zy gksFkjK dk gksFkj pDiKdk j?.

gqFB 8 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko gzi yzvK pko/ ;zy/g Gkt noE ;wMkT[.T[&&Zso L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko @Xow yzv# ftu iht nkgD/ \o} gfjukDdk j?.

@frnkB yzv# ftu iht dh frnkB okjhI ;wM pDdh j?. @;ow yzv# ftuf;woB dh fwjBs Bkb wZs p[ZX xVh iKdh j?. @eow yzv# ftu wkbedh w/jo jz[dh j?. @;Zu yzv# ftu iht gqG{ Bkb fJe-fwe j' iKdk j?.

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r[opkDh (77)

gqFB 9 L @ig[# pkDh dh ÁÆthI gT[Vh @;' do e/jk# s'I ;k~ fe; soQK dhg/qoBk fwbdh j? <

T[&&Zso L @ig[# pkDh dh fJ; gT[Vh s'I fJj g/qoBk fwbdh j? fe i/ eo fJj;koh f;qFNh nekb g[oy dh f;\s ;kbkj eo ojh j? s/ j[ew ftuuZb ojh j? sK ;k~ th T[; gqG{ dh f;\s ;kbkj eofdnK j[ew ftuubDk ukjhdk j?.

gqFB 10 L @ig[ ih ;kfjp# pkDh gVQ e/ ;k~ eh f;Zfynk fwbdh j? <T[&&Zso L @ig[# pkDh gVQ e/ ;k~ nkgD/ nkg dk ns/ gqG{ dh Fesh dk frnkB

jz[dk j?. fJ; pkDh ~ fjod/ #u t;k bJhJ/ sK n;hI uzrh ihtB ikutkb/ ;\b fJB;kB pD ;ed/ jK.

sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/–sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/–sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/–sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/–sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/–

gqFB 11 L sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/ s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L fJ; s'I Gkt j?, (st=s/oh, gq;kfd=feogk Bkb) s/oh feogk Bkb

fJj pkDh T[ukodk jK.gqFB 12 L sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh fejV/ ;fsr[oK dh feZE/ doi j? <T[&&Zso L fJj pkDh d;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh ouBk j? ns/

d;w rzqE d/ gzBk ÀÂ T[&&Zgo nekb T[;sfs f;ob/y j/m doi j?.gqFB 13 L sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh dk T[ukoB feZE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L g'qH ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbfynk fe fJj pkDh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih

B/ gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/ T[ukoB ehsh.gqFB 14 L sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ed'I gVQh iKdh

j? <T[&&Zso L fJj pkDh nzfwqs t/b/ dhnK pkDhnK ftu Fkwb j? ns/ nzfwqs dk

pkNk fsnko eoB ;w/I th fJ; dk ikg ehsk iKdk j?.gqFB 15 L @;qktr ;[X ;w{j f;XkB e/# gfjb/ ;tZ:/ dk Gkt noE eh j? <T[&&Zso L fJ; dk Gkt j? fe jo/e wZs dk w[Zy we;d fJj ukjhdk j? fe T[j

gowkswk Bkb fgnko eoB dk okj dZ;/. i/ fJj BjhI sK T[; dk w[Zb

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(78) r[owfs frnkB

oZsh wkso jh ;wM'.gqFB 16 L d{i/ ;tZ:/ ftu wszr-T[szr-s[ozr s/ e[ozr s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L d{i/ ;tZ:/ ftu wszr s'I Gkt jkEh j?. T[szr s'I Gkt T[&&Zu/ eZd tkb/,

s[ozr s'I Gkt x'V/ ns/ e[ozr s'I Gkt fjoB j?.gqFB 17 L @shoE BkB dfJnk dw dkB# ;w[Zu/ ;tZ:/ dk Gkt noE eh j? <T[&&Zso L shoE fJFBkB nkfd ;kXB, Xow g[;seK dk e/tb gVQBk,

pqjwukoh nkfdeK tkb/ emB sg—fJj ;ko/ T[&&Zdw ftnoE jB i/eo gowkswk Bkb fgnko eoB dh iku BjhI f;Zyh.

gqFB 18 L sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh ftu @s'fo nohB wo'fo wtk;B wks/ wszrBwkB[ wb?Ir/# s'I nrbh gzesh fejVh j? <

T[&&Zso L fJ; ftu nrbh gzesh j?, @@;qh gfs ;qh GrtkB feqgk fpB[ fsnkfrijkB[ fBdkfB ub?Ir/.##

gqFB 19 L sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh nB[;ko gqG{ ~ gqkgs fe; B/ ehsk <T[&&Zso L d;w gksFkj ih \[owkT[Id/ jB L @@;ku[ ejT[ ;[fB b/j[ ;G?- fifB

g/qw[ ehU fsB jh gqG[ gkfJU–## Gkt w?I ;Zu efjzdk jK, ;ko/ fXnkBBkb ;[D bU—fi; wB[Zy B/ gqG{ s/ gqG{ dh ]bes Bkb fgnkoehsk, T[; B/ gqG{ ~ gk fbnk.

gqFB 20 L sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh ftu p[ZsK s/ w[ofdnK ~ g{iD tkb/ ~ ehfejk j? <

T[&&Zso L d;w gksFkj ih B/ p[ZsK s/ w[od/ g{iD tkfbnK ~ @g;[# Gkt gF{,w{oy fejk j?. nzs ftu ;[u/s ehsk j? fe iZr e{VhnK fefonktK ftucf;nk j'fJnk j? s/ tkfjr[o{ d/ G/d ~ BjhI gk fojk.

nBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpgqFB 21 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <T[&&Zso L nBzd[ ;kfjp—;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih dh pkDh, okwebh okr ftu j?.

fJ; dhnK e[Zb 40 gT[VhnK jB ns/ fJj pkDh ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ihd/ gzBk 917 s'I 922 se ;[F'fGs j?. fJ; pkDh dhnK gfjbh gzi

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r[opkDh (79)

gT[VhnK ns/ fJe nzsbh ukbQhthI gT[Vh jo ;wkrw ftu rkfJB ehshiKdh j?. nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh nzfwqs ;zuko dhnK pkDhnK ftu Fkwb j?.

gqFB 22 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko nBzd[ dh gqkgsh ed'I ehsh j? <T[&&Zso L nBzd[ ;kfjp ftu \[owkD j?, @@nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/ ;fsr[o{ w?

gkfJnk## Gkt id w?~ ;fsr[o{ fwb frnk sK nBzd dh gqkgsh j' rJh.gqFB 23 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko eh ubkehnK iK f;nkDgK Bkb

gqG{ ~ gkfJnk ik ;edk j? <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dk \[owkD j?, @@J/ wB uzubk us[okJh feB? B gkfJnk##

Gkt ubkehnK iK f;nkDgK Bkb gqG{ ~ BjhI gkfJnk ik ;edk.gqFB 24 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko r[o{ ih fejV/ ezw Bk eoB dk

T[gd/F fdzd/ jB <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@n?;k ezw[ w{b/ B ehu? fis[ nzfs gS'skJhn?##

Gkt ni/jk ezw fpbe[b Bk eoBk fi; d/ eoB Bkb nzs ~gSskT[Dk gt/.

gqFB 25 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko ;fsr[oK B/ f;ZyK ~ eh rkT[D dkT[gd/F fdZsk j? <

T[&&Zso L fJj T[gd/F j?,@@nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh–@@nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh–@@nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh–@@nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh–@@nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh–pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh–##pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh–##pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh–##pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh–##pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh–##

(gzBk 920)(gzBk 920)(gzBk 920)(gzBk 920)(gzBk 920)

Gkt ;fsr[o{ d/ fgnkfoU f;Zy', ;Zuh pkDh ~ rkt'. pkDh sK r[o{ dhrkt' i' pkDhnK dh fFo'wDh pkDh j?.

gqFB 26 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko wB[Zy dh o;Bk (ihG) bJh ehT[gd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh ftu T[gd/F j?, @@J/ o;Bk s{ nB of; okfu ojhs/oh fgnk; B ikfJ## Gkt j/ w/oh o;Bk ! s{z jo f;woB dk o; SZve/ j'oBK o;K ftu ou ojh j?I. fJ; Bkb s/oh fgnk; BjhI p[MDh.

gqFB 27 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko wB[Zy dhnK nZyK s/ ezBK ~ eh

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(80) r[owfs frnkB

T[gd/F j? <T[&&Zso L nZyK ~ T[gd/F j?, @@J/ B/sq&j[ w/foj' jfo s[w wfj i'fs Xoh jfo fpB[

nto[ B d/yj[ e'Jh## Gkt nZyK Bkb jo iht ftu gqG{ dk dhdko jheoBk j?. ezBK ~ T[gd/F j?, @@J/ ;qtDj[ w/foj' ;ku? ;[BD? B' gmkJ/##Gkt ezBK ~ ;Zu s/ ;Zuh pkDh ;[BD dk T[gd/F fdZsk frnk j?.

gqFB 28 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko wB[Zy d/ d[ZyK s/ o'rK dk BkF fet/Ij' ;edk j? <

T[&&Zso L nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk \[owkD j?, @@d{y o'r ;zskgT[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh## Gkt id ;Zuh pkDh ;[Dh sK d[ZyK s/ o'rK dkBkF j' frnk.

gqFB 29 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko @;o;/# s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L fJE/ @;o;/# Fpd d' FpdK d/ ;[w/b s'I j'Id ftu nkfJnk j?—

;+o;/, fJ; dk Gkt j? o; Bkb Gog{o. g{oh gzesh @;zs ;kiB GJ/;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh# nB[;ko id g{o/ r[o{ s'I nBzd pko/ ikD fbnksK ;zs ;ZiD ;G o; Gog{o nkBzds j' rJ/.

gqFB 30 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh dk ;w[Zuk Gkt noE ;zy/g ftu fpnkB eo'.T[&&Zso L fJ; pkDh dk ;w[Zuk Gkt j? fe ][Fh iK nBzd[ gdkoEK d/ Bkb BjhI,

;r'I gowkswk okjhI fwbdk j?. fco ;Zuh pkDh igfdnK d[Zy, o'r,fuzsktK ;G d{o j' iKdhnK jB.

ojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpgqFB 31 L @ojokf;# dk nZyoh noE eh j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko

fJj pkDh ed'I gVQh iKdh j? <T[&&Zso L fJj d' Fpd jB—@oj# s'I Gkt j? o;sk ns/ @okf;# s'I Gkt j? g{zih.

fJj gqG{ Bkw dh f;\s jh ;kv/ o;s/ dh g{zih j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdknB[;ko fJj pkDh Fkw ~ ;{oi v[ZpD t/b/ gVQh iKdh j?.

gqFB 32 L @ojokf;# dk ;o{g toBD eo'.T[&&Zso L ojokf; ftu ;' do[ d/ 5 Fpd, ;' g[oy d/ 4 Fpd jB. fJ; s'I

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r[opkDh (81)

nZr/—ep:' pku p/Bsh u"gJh, ;t?:k (gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/) d'jok(;rb d[nko eT[ Skfv e?) fco nBzd ;kfjp dhnK 6 gT[VhnK,w[zdktDh s/ ;b'e wjbk 5 (gzitK) @s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh# se ojokf;dk ;o{g j?.

gqFB 33 L @ojokf;# pkDh ftu ;' do[ nB[;ko e"D-e"D gqG{ ~ rk oj/ jBs/ ;k~ eh f;Zfynk fwbdh j? <

T[&&Zso L @;' do[# ftu ;koh e[dos jh gqG{ dh ehosh rk ojh j?. r[o{ ih B/pj[s ;ko/ BK toBD ehs/ jB s/ fco \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@j'fo e/s/ s[XB'rktfB ;/ w? fufs B nktfB BkBe[ fenk phuko/.## Gkt j'o fezB/ e[s[jkvh ehosh rk oj/ jB, fJj frDsh s'I pkjo j?. fJ; s'I f;Zfynkfwbdh j? fe i/ eo ;koh ekfJBks gqG{ dh ehosh rk ojh j? sK n;hIth T[; gqG{ dh ehosh rkJhJ/ s/ j[ew ftu uZbhJ/.

gqFB 34 L @ojokf;# pkDh nB[;ko wB[Zy d/ nksfwe ihtB s/ nksfwe w"s;zpzXh eh T[gd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L @ojokf;# ftu nk;k wjbk À (gfjbk) d/ f;ob/y j/m \[owkD j?,@@nkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[## Gkt i/ w?I gowkswk dk Bkw b?Idk jKsK ihT[Idk jK, i/ Bkw ft;o/ sd wo iKdk jK. fJ; bJh gowkswkdk Bkw f;woBk nksfwe ihtB j? ns/ ft;o ikDk nksfwe w"s j?.

gqFB 35 L @ojokf;# pkDh nB[;ko ;kv/ gqkDK dk nk;ok e"D j? ns/ ;kv/ihtB ;\o dh g{zih fejVh j? <

T[&&Zso L fJ; ;zpzXh ;fsr[oK dk T[gd/F j?, @@r[owfs Bkw[ w/ok gqkB ;ykJhjfo ehofs jwoh ojokf;## Gkt r[o{ f;Zfynk nB[;ko fwfbnk Bkw;kv/ gqkDK dk nk;ok j? ns/ gqG{ dh f;\s ;kbkj ;kv/ ihtB ;\odh g{zih j?.

gqFB 36 L @ojokf;# pkDh nB[;ko @@w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;fs;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk#tkbhnK ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu eh T[gd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L fJjBK ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu r[o{ ih T[gd/F fdzd/ jB fe j/w/o/ gow/Fo ih ! fi; B/ ;fs ;zrs ehsh, T[j jh so frnk, feT[Ife;fs;zrs ftu r[o{ dh ;'Mh j'Jh s/ r[o{ dh feogk d[nkok g{oB gd gk

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(82) r[owfs frnkB

fbnk. fJ; soQK ikDh ;[Ze/ ekm th jo/ j' rJ/ Gkt em'o fjod/ tkb/th nksfwe ihtB gk e/ nkBzfds j' rJ/.

gqFB 37 L @ojokf;# pkDh #u @@GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/j[ohnk## Fpd ftu ehT[gd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L fJ; ftu T[gd/F j? fe j/ wB ! fJj wB[Zyk d/jh s?~ gqkgs j'Jh j?s/ gqG{ d/ fwbD dh fJj s/oh tkoh j? Gkt w"ek j?. j'o Xzd/ s/o/ fe;/ezw BjhI s/ ;kX ;zrs eoe/ e/tb T[; gqG{ dk Bkw f;woB eo.

gqFB 38 L @ojokf;# ftu d;w gksFkj ih dh fejVh pkDh doi j? <T[&&Zso L ojokf; ftu @ep:' pku p/Bsh u"gJh# d;w gksFkj ih dh pkDh

j?. fJ; s'I fJbktk @ojokf;# ftu i' ;?P:k j?, @gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/#s'I b? e/ @w? B ej:' ;G s'fj pykB:'# se ns/ fJe d'jok @;rbd[nko eT[ Skfv e?# s'I @r'fpzd dk; s[jko# se fJj th d;w gksFkjih dh ouBk j?.

gqFB 39 L @ojokf;# pkDh ftu d;w gksFkj ih d/ ofus d'jo/ dk GktnoE eh j? <

T[&&Zso L fJ; d'jo/ ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB fe j/ gqG{ ! w?I ;G d[nkfonK~ SZv e/ nkg dk d[nkok gefVnk j?. fJ; bJh nkg ~ jh pKj cVhdh bki j? ns/ j/ gqG{ ih ! r'fpzd (f;zx) nkg dk dk; j?.#

gqFB 40 L @ojokf;# pkDh ftu @w[zdktDh# tkb/ Fpd s'I ;k~ eh T[gd/Ffwbdk j? <

T[&&Zso L w[zdktDh dk noE e[M ftdtkBK B/ w'jo ehsk j?, go GkJh tho f;zxih nB[;ko w[zdktDh s'I Gkt p[Mkos j?. gzuw gksFkj ih T[gd/Ffdzd/ jB, @Ekb ftu fszB t;sK ;s, ;zs'y s/ nzfwqs Bkw j?, thukoeo' nzfwqs Bkw dk ;G ~ nkXko j?. fJ; gdkoE ~ i/ e'Jh ykt/ s/i/ e'Jh ykD d/ nBzd ~ XkoB eo/ sK T[; dk T[Xko j[zdk j?. fJj t;s{SZvD d/ i'r BjhI s/ fJ; ~ ;dk fjod/ ftu XkoB eoe/ oZy'. ;z;koftu nfrnkBsk o{gh jB/ok j? s/ r[o{ d/ uoBhI bZr e/ sohdk j?. fco;wM g?Idh j? fe ;kok gqG{ dk jh gk;kok j?.

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r[opkDh (83)

;'fjbk;'fjbk;'fjbk;'fjbk;'fjbkgqFB 41 L @;'fjbk# s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ ;'fjbk pkDh ed'I gVQh iKdh j? <T[&&Zso L ;'fjbk s'I Gkt i; iK f;\s ;kbkj eoBh j?. ;'fjbk pkDh fBsB/w

dh pkDh j?. oks ~ ;"D ;w/I fJ; dk gkm ehsk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; s'IfJbktk f;ZyK ftu fe;/ w'J/ gqkDh d/ nzsw ;;eko s'I pknd th@;'fjbk# pkDh gVQh iKdh j?.

gqFB 42 L @;'fjbk# pkDh dk ;o{g toDB eo'.T[&&Zso L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu e[b gzi Fpd jB ns/ fJj ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp

ih d/ gzBk 11 s'I 13 se doi jB. fJjBK ftZu'I gfjb/ fszB Fpd ;qhr[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/, fJe Fpd ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih dk ns/ fJeFpd ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh ouBk j?.

gqFB 43 L @;'fjbk# pkDh dk Bkw @ehosB ;'fjbk# fet/I gquZbs j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L nkw s"o #s/ @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ gkm s'I gfjbK r[od[nkfonK ftu

@;'do# d/ gkm s'I pknd Fpd ehosB j[zdk ;h. fJ; bJh fJ; pkDhd/ Bkw Bkb @ehosB# gd bk e/ @ehosB ;'fjbk# BkT[I gquZbs j'frnk.

gqFB 44 L @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ gfjb/ Fpd, @i? xfo ehofs nkyhn?# dke/Idoh Gkt eh j? <

T[&&Zso L fJ; dk e/Idoh Gkt ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu j?, @@s[w rktj[ w/o/fBoGT[ ek ;'fjbk– jT[ tkoh fis[ ;'fjb? ;dk ;[y j'fJ– 1– ojkT[–## Gkt s[;hI w/o/ fBoGT[ gqG{ dk i; rkt', w? tkoB/ iktK, n?;k i;rkt' fi; eoe/ ;dk dk ;[Zy j't/.

gqFB 45 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @fSn xo fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;# tkbhg{oh gzesh s'I eh Gkt j? <

T[&&Zso L fJ; s'I Gkt j? fe S/ Fk;sq jB, S/ jh T[jBK d/ eosk Gkt ouBjko/jB ns/ S/ jh T[jBK d/ T[gd/F jB. go r[oK dk r[o{ nekb g[oy fJZe'j? s/ T[; d/ t/; nB/e jB.

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(84) r[owfs frnkB

gqFB 46 L @;'fjbk# pkDh ftu r[o{ ih B/ e[dos dh nkosh dk toBD fet/Iehsk j? <

T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB fe wB[Zy ~ pBkT[Nh nkosh eoB dh b'VBjhI, feT[Ife e[dos ftu gfjbK jh pj[s ;[zdo nkosh j' ojh j?.;'fjbk pkDh ftu Fpd j? LrrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/ skfoek wzvb iBe w'sh–rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/ skfoek wzvb iBe w'sh–rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/ skfoek wzvb iBe w'sh–rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/ skfoek wzvb iBe w'sh–rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/ skfoek wzvb iBe w'sh–X{g[ wbnkBb' gtD[ uto' eo/ ;rb pBokfJ c{bzs i'sh–X{g[ wbnkBb' gtD[ uto' eo/ ;rb pBokfJ c{bzs i'sh–X{g[ wbnkBb' gtD[ uto' eo/ ;rb pBokfJ c{bzs i'sh–X{g[ wbnkBb' gtD[ uto' eo/ ;rb pBokfJ c{bzs i'sh–X{g[ wbnkBb' gtD[ uto' eo/ ;rb pBokfJ c{bzs i'sh–


gqFB 47 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko wB[Zyh ;oho fejV/ ftekoK Bkb Gfonkj? ns/ T[; s'I ]bk;h fet/I j' ;edh j? <

T[&&Zso L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk \[owkD j?, @@ekfw eo'fX Bro[ pj[Gfonk fwfb ;kX{ yzvb yzvk j/## Gkt wB[Zyh ;oho ekw-e'qX BkbGfonk j? ns/ ;Zuh ;zrs Bkb fwb e/ ]bk;h j' rJh j?.

gqFB 48 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ã# ftu nzi[bhs/ vzvT[s Fpd s'I eh Gkt j? <

T[&&Zso L @nzi[bh# Fpd s'I Gkt j?, d'jK jZEK ~ fJzM w/bDk fe p[Ze fijk pD/,fi; ~ T[mk e/ f;o se b? ikDk s/ fJ; soQK eoBk ;fseko eoBk j?.@vzvT[s# Fpd s'I Gkt vzv/ dh soQK bzw/ g? e/ wAZEk N/eDk j?.

gqFB 49 L @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ nzsb/ Fpd @eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk# ftuojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu eh T[gd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L fJ; Fpd ftu ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK jB, @@nT[X xN? fdB;[o?Dko/– wB r[o fwfb eki ;tko/– Gkt fdB s/ oks eoe/ T[woxZNdh iKdh j?. fJ; bJh j/ w/o/ wB ! s/o/ bJh uzrk j? fe s{z r[oK Bkbfwb e/ nkgDk ihtB ;\bk eo b?.

gqFB 50 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/#s'I nrbh gzesh d/ Gkt noE ;wMkT[.

T[&&Zso L fJ; s'I nrbh gzesh j?, @BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo;zsB eh X{o/# Gkt BkBe dk; fJj' ;[y wzrdk j? fe w?~ ;zsK dh uoBX{V p]F', Gkt ;fs;zr ftu FoXk p]F'.

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r[opkDh (85)

ig[ ihig[ ihig[ ihig[ ihig[ ihB'N L @ig[ ih# r[opkDh ezm eoB bJh fBZsB/w pkDh d/ r[Nek ;kfjp

s'I gkm eo', go nkgD/ nfGnk; s/ iwks N?;N bJh j/m fby/ nB[;ko ;obsohek j? L

(ig[ ih ;kfjp, ;tZ:/ gksL À¿, nBzd[ ;kfjp g{ok, ojokf; s/;'fjbk pkDh ftu'I 20 Bzpo dk g/go j't/rk.)

ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh dh fJ; gfjbh gzesh s'I Fpd g{ok eo'.À> ;fsBkw[HHHHHHHHHHHH r[o gq;kfd–nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[HHHHHHHHHHHH j';h Gh ;u[– À–;'u? ;'fu B j'tJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – À–j[ewh j'tfB nkekoHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–rkt? e' skD[ j't? fe;? skD[HHHHHHHHHHH – Â–;kuk ;kfjp[ ;ku[ BkfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ã–Ekfgnk B ikfJ ehsk B j'fJHHHHHHHHHHH – Ä–shofE Bktk i/ fs;[ GktkHHHHHHHHHHHH – Å–i/ i[r uko/ nkoikHHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–;[fDn? f;X gho ;[fo BkEHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ç–;[fDn? Jh;o[ powk fJzd[HHHHHHHHHHHH – È–;[fDn? ;s[ ;zs'y[ frnkB[HHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–;[fDn? ;ok r[Dk e/ rkjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÀ–wzB/ eh rfs ejh B ikfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÁ–wzB? ;[ofs j't? wfB p[fXHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÂ–

wzB? wkofr mke B gkfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÃ–

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(86) r[owfs frnkB

wzB? gktfj w'y[ d[nkokHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÄ–gzu gotkD gzu goXkB[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÅ–n;zy ig n;zy GkT[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÆ–n;zy w{oy nzX x'o[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÇ–n;zy Bkt n;zy EktHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÈ–Gohn? jE[ g?o[ sB[ d/jHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á¿–shoE[ sg[ dfJnk ds[ dkBHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÀ–gkskbk gkskb by nkrk;k nkrk;HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÁ–;kbkjh ;kbkfj J/sh ;[ofs B gkJhnkHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÂ–nzs[ B f;csh ejfD B nzs[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÃ–pj[sk eow[ fbfynk B ikfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÄ–nw[b r[D nw[b tkgkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÅ–;' do[ e/jk ;' xo[ e/jkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÆ–w[zdk ;zs'y[ ;ow[ gs[ M'bhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÇ–G[rfs frnkB[ dfJnk GzvkofDHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÈ–J/ek wkJh i[rfs ftnkJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – Â¿–nk;D[ b'fJ b'fJ GzvkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÀ–fJe d{ ihG" by j'fjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÁ–nkyfD i'o[ u[g? Bj i'o[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÂ–oksh o[sh fEsh tkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÃ–Xow yzv ek J/j' Xow[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÄ–frnkB yzv wfj frnkB[ gouzv[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÅ–eow yzv eh pkDh i'o[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÆ–is[ gkjkok Xhoi[ ;[fBnko[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÇ–gtD[ r[o{ gkDh fgskHHHHHH e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– À–

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r[opkDh (87)

1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–

sPgq;kfd– ;tZ:/– gkL 10sPgq;kfd– ;tZ:/– gkL 10sPgq;kfd– ;tZ:/– gkL 10sPgq;kfd– ;tZ:/– gkL 10sPgq;kfd– ;tZ:/– gkL 10(;tZ:/ :kd eoB bJh iwks N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B fJ; soQK j't/rk L)

★★★★★ ;qktr ;[ZX ;w{j f;XkB e/HHHHHHHHHHHH – À–★★★★★ wks/ wszr io/ io ;zrHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–★★★★★ ihs fco? ;G d/; fd;kB e'HHHHHHHHHHHH – Â–★★★★★ shoE BkB dfJnk dw dkBHHHHHHHHHHH – Ã–★★★★★ ;[ZX f;gkj d[ozs d[pkjHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ä–★★★★★ pho ngko pv/ pfonkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – Å–★★★★★ dkBt d/t cfBzd fB;kuoHHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–★★★★★ wkBt fJzdq rfizdq BokXgHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ç–★★★★★ ejk G:' i' d'T{ b'uB w{zd e?HHHHHHHHHH – È–★★★★★ ekj{ b? gkjB g{i Xo:' f;oHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–

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(88) r[owfs frnkB

nBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpnBzd[ ;kfjpokwebh wjbk 3 nBzd[okwebh wjbk 3 nBzd[okwebh wjbk 3 nBzd[okwebh wjbk 3 nBzd[okwebh wjbk 3 nBzd[

1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh-ezm r[Ne/ s'I eo' go iwks N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B

fJ; gqeko j't/rk L★★★★★ nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH – À–★★★★★ J/ wB w/fonk s{ ;dk oj[HHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–★★★★★ ;ku/ ;kfjpk fenk BkjhHHHHHHHHHHHH – Â–★★★★★ ;kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko'HHHHHHHHHHHH – Ã–★★★★★ tki/ gzu ;pd fss[ xfo ;Gkr?HHHHHHHH – Ä–★★★★★ ;kuh fbt? fpB[ d/j fBwkDhHHHHHHHHHH – Å–★★★★★ nkBzd[ nkBzd[ ;G[ e' ej?HHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–★★★★★ pkpk fi;[ s{ d/fj ;'Jh iB[ gkt?HHHHHH – Ç–★★★★★ nktj[ ;zs fgnkfoj'HHHHHHHHHHHH – È–★★★★★ J/ wB uzubk us[okJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–★★★★★ J/ wB fgnkfonk s{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/HH – ÀÀ–★★★★★ nrw nr'uok s/ok nzs[ B gkfJnkHHH – ÀÁ–★★★★★ ;[fo Bo w[fB iB nzfwqs[ y'id/HHHHHHH – ÀÂ–★★★★★ Grsk eh ukb fBokbhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÃ–★★★★★ fiT[ s{ ubkfJfj fst ubj ;[nkwhH – ÀÄ–★★★★★ J/j[ ;'fjbk ;pd[ ;[jktkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÅ–★★★★★ gfts[ j'J/ ;/ iBk fiBh jfo fXnkfJnkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÆ–

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

r[opkDh (89)

★★★★★ eowh ;ji[ B T{gi?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÇ–★★★★★ ihnj[ w?b/ pkjoj[ fBowbHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÈ–★★★★★ ihnj[ fBowb pkjoj[ fBowbHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á¿–★★★★★ i/ e' f;y[ r[o{ ;/sh ;Bw[y[ j't?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÀ–★★★★★ i/ e' r[o s/ t/w[y[ j't? fpB[ ;fsr[oHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÁ–★★★★★ nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj'HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÂ–★★★★★ ;fsr[o{ fpBk j'o euh j? pkDhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÃ–★★★★★ r[o ek ;pd[ oszB[ j?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÄ–★★★★★ f;t ;efs nkfg T[gkfJ e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÅ–★★★★★ f;fwqfs ;k;sq g[zB gkg phukod/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÆ–★★★★★ wksk e/ T[do wfj gqfsgkb eo/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÇ–★★★★★ i?;h nrfB T[do wfjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÈ–★★★★★ jfo nkfg nw[be[ j? w[fb BHHHHHHHHHHHH – Â0–★★★★★ jfo okf; w/oh wB[ tDikokHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÀ–★★★★★ J/ o;Bk s{ nB of; okfu ojhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÁ–★★★★★ J/ ;ohok w/fonk jfo s[w wfj i'fs oyhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÂ–★★★★★ wfB ukT[ GfJnk gqG nkrw[ ;[fDnkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÃ–★★★★★ J/ ;ohok w/fonk fJ;[ ir wfj nkfJ e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÄ–★★★★★ J/ B/sqj[ w/foj' jfo s[w wfj i'fs XohHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÅ–★★★★★ J/ ;qtDj[ w/foj' ;ku? ;[BD? B' gmkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÆ–★★★★★ jfo ihT[ r[ck nzdfo ofy e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÇ–★★★★★ J/j[ ;kuk ;'fjbk ;ku? xfo rktj[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÈ–★★★★★ nBd ;[Dj[ tvGkrhj' ;rb wB'oE g{o/HHHHHHHHHHHH – Ã¿–

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(90) r[owfs frnkB

ojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpojokf; ;kfjpB'N L ojokf; s/ ;'fjbk pkDh ezm fBsB/w d/ r[Ne/ s'I eo' go iwks

N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B fJ; soQK j't/rk L★★★★★ ;' do[ okr[ nk;k wjbk À

À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–;' do s/ok e/jkHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ nk;k wjbk À;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ nk;k wjbk Ànkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okr r{ioh wjbk Ãjfo e/ iB ;fsr[o ;sg[oykHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okr r{ioh wjbk Äekj/ o/ wB fustfj T[dw[HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okr nk;k wjbk Ã ;' g[oy[À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–;' g[oy[ fBoziB[ jfo g[oy[ fBoziB[HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ nk;k wjbk Ãs{z eosk ;funko[ w?vk ;KJhHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ nk;k wjbk Àfss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ nk;k wjbk ÄGJh gokgfs wkB[y d/j[ohnkHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ gkL À¿– efp:' pku p/Bsh– u"gJh–jwoh eo' jkE d? oZSkHHHHHHHHHHHH

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

r[opkDh (91)

★★★★★ ;?P:k–gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ d'jok–;rb d[nko eT[ Skfv e?HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okwebh wjbk Â nBzd[À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ w[zdktDh wjbk ÄEkb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhUHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ ;b'e wjbk Äs/ok ehsk iks' BkjhHHHHHHHHHHHH

;'fjbk;'fjbk;'fjbk;'fjbk;'fjbk★★★★★ okr rT[Vh dhgeh wjbk À

À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–i? xfo ehofs nkyhn?HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okr[ nk;k wjbk ÀfSn xo fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okr XBk;oh wjbk ÀrrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/HHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ãekfw eo'fX Bro[ pj[ GfonkHHHHHHHHHHHH

★★★★★ okr[ rT[Vh g{oph wjbk ÄeoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whskHHHHHHHHHHHH

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(92) r[owfs frnkB

ojokf; s/ ;'fjbk pkDh d/ noE ;wMD bJh fe;/ thNhekeko dk Nhek gVQ', go fJBQK d'jK pkDhnK ftZu'I

20 Bzpo d/ noE fJ; gqeko g[ZS/ ikDr/.

gqFB L ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @@nk;k wjbk À—;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJ##Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE eo'.

iK@@okr r{ioh wjbk Ã—@jfo e/ iB ;fsr[o ;sg[oyk## Fpd g{okeoe/ Gkt noE ;wMkT[.

gqFB L @;'fjbk# pkDh ftu'I @rrB w? Ekb oft uzd[ dhge pB/# Fpd g{okeoe/ noE eo'

iKokr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ä—@@eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk## Fpdg{ok eoe/ noE ;gZFN eo'.

gqFB L ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhU# Fpd g{ok eoe/noE eo'

iKojokf; pkDh ftu @gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/# ;?P:k fezBQK dh ofus pkDhj?, g{ok eoe/ Gkt noE fby'.

gqFB L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu'I okr rT[Vh dhgeh wjbk À Fpd g{ok eoe/ noEeo'

iKokr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ã f;ob/y tkbk Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE eo'.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

r[opkDh (93)

gqFB L fBws fbys gzeshnK d/ noE ;gZFN eo' Lfss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kfss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kfss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kfss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kfss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kgkDh gkte[ fsBfj ehnk–gkDh gkte[ fsBfj ehnk–gkDh gkte[ fsBfj ehnk–gkDh gkte[ fsBfj ehnk–gkDh gkte[ fsBfj ehnk–gzei[ w'j gr Bjh ukb?gzei[ w'j gr Bjh ukb?gzei[ w'j gr Bjh ukb?gzei[ w'j gr Bjh ukb?gzei[ w'j gr Bjh ukb?jw d/yk sj v{phnb/–jw d/yk sj v{phnb/–jw d/yk sj v{phnb/–jw d/yk sj v{phnb/–jw d/yk sj v{phnb/–

iKokfy b/j[ w[fj okyBjko/okfy b/j[ w[fj okyBjko/okfy b/j[ w[fj okyBjko/okfy b/j[ w[fj okyBjko/okfy b/j[ w[fj okyBjko/;kfjp ;zs ;jkfJ fgnko/–;kfjp ;zs ;jkfJ fgnko/–;kfjp ;zs ;jkfJ fgnko/–;kfjp ;zs ;jkfJ fgnko/–;kfjp ;zs ;jkfJ fgnko/–dhB pzX d[;NB e/ jzskdhB pzX d[;NB e/ jzskdhB pzX d[;NB e/ jzskdhB pzX d[;NB e/ jzskdhB pzX d[;NB e/ jzsks[w j' g[oh us[od; ezsk–s[w j' g[oh us[od; ezsk–s[w j' g[oh us[od; ezsk–s[w j' g[oh us[od; ezsk–s[w j' g[oh us[od; ezsk–

gqFB L fBws fbys gzrshnK d/ noE ;gZFN eo' L;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; w{ofs BBk J/e s'jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e s'jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e s'jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e s'jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e s'jh–;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–

iKeoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk–eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk–eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk–eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk–eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk–Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk–Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk–Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk–Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk–Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk–

gqFB L j/m fbyhnK gzrshnK d/ ;ob noE eo' Ld{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh–d{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh–d{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh–d{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh–d{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh–;zs ;kiB GJ/ ;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh–;zs ;kiB GJ/ ;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh–;zs ;kiB GJ/ ;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh–;zs ;kiB GJ/ ;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh–;zs ;kiB GJ/ ;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh–

iKs/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh w?B' i'r[ ehs'Jh–s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh w?B' i'r[ ehs'Jh–s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh w?B' i'r[ ehs'Jh–s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh w?B' i'r[ ehs'Jh–s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh w?B' i'r[ ehs'Jh–w? fBor[fDnko/ e' r[D[ Bkjh nkg/ so;[ gfJUJh–w? fBor[fDnko/ e' r[D[ Bkjh nkg/ so;[ gfJUJh–w? fBor[fDnko/ e' r[D[ Bkjh nkg/ so;[ gfJUJh–w? fBor[fDnko/ e' r[D[ Bkjh nkg/ so;[ gfJUJh–w? fBor[fDnko/ e' r[D[ Bkjh nkg/ so;[ gfJUJh–

gqFB L j/m fbyhnK gzrshnK d/ ;ob noE eo' Li? xfo ehofs nkyhn? eos/ ek j'fJ phuko'–i? xfo ehofs nkyhn? eos/ ek j'fJ phuko'–i? xfo ehofs nkyhn? eos/ ek j'fJ phuko'–i? xfo ehofs nkyhn? eos/ ek j'fJ phuko'–i? xfo ehofs nkyhn? eos/ ek j'fJ phuko'–fss[ xfo rktj[ ;'fjbk f;tfoj[ f;oiDjko'–fss[ xfo rktj[ ;'fjbk f;tfoj[ f;oiDjko'–fss[ xfo rktj[ ;'fjbk f;tfoj[ f;oiDjko'–fss[ xfo rktj[ ;'fjbk f;tfoj[ f;oiDjko'–fss[ xfo rktj[ ;'fjbk f;tfoj[ f;oiDjko'–

iKnzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(94) r[owfs frnkB

gqFB gZso dh o{g o/ykgqFB gZso dh o{g o/ykgqFB gZso dh o{g o/ykgqFB gZso dh o{g o/ykgqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk

doik—d{ik

gouk gfjbk—gouk gfjbk—gouk gfjbk—gouk gfjbk—gouk gfjbk—r[o-fJfsjk; s/ r[opkDhr[o-fJfsjk; s/ r[opkDhr[o-fJfsjk; s/ r[opkDhr[o-fJfsjk; s/ r[opkDhr[o-fJfsjk; s/ r[opkDh

;wK 3 xzN/ e[b nze 100

(Gkr—T)

j/m fbfynK ftu'I e'Jh gzi gqFB eo' L—1H ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek s/ ftZfdnk

;zpzXh s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <2H ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih tb'I f;Zy Xow dk gquko s/ i'sh i's

;wkT[D d/ fJfsjk; T[&&Zgo ukBDk gkU.3H ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk w[ZYbk ihtB, r[fonkJh s/ ;wekbh

jkbks pko/ ukBDk gkU.4H ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <5H ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dhnK uko izrK pko/ ukBDk gkU.6H ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ftu'I ]kb;k gzE dh

f;oiDk ;zpzXh Gktg{ote b/y fby'.7H ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk;, dZyD :ksok s/

i'sh i's ;wkT[D dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.

5X8=40

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk (95)

(Gkr-n)

fJ; Gkr ftu'I gzi gqFB eo' L-1H @gzu gotkD gzu goXkB# iK @is[ gkjkok Xhoi[ ;[fBnko# d'jK ftu'I

fJe gT[Vh F[ZX s/ ;zg{oB eoe/ fby'.2H @wks/ wszr io/ io ;zr# iK @pho ngko pv/ pfonko# d'jK ftu'I fJe

;t?:k g{ok eoe/ fby'.3H @nkBzd[ nkBzd[ ;G[ e' ej?# iK @wfB ukT[ GfJnk gqG nkrw[ ;[fDnk#

nBzd ;kfjp pkDh ftu'I e'Jh fJe gT[Vh g{oh eoe/ fby'.4H ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @nkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[# iK @jfo e/ iB

;fsr[o ;sg[oyk# fJe Fpd g{ok eo'.5H ;'fjbk pkDh ftu'I okr XBk;oh wjbk À iK @okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk

Ä Fpd ;zg{oB eo'.

5X4=20

(Gkr—J)

fJ; Gkr ftZu'I d' FpdK d/ noE eo' L—1H ojokf; pkDh ftZu'I @@nk;k wjbk À @;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJ# Fpd

g{ok eoe/ noE eo'

iKojokf; pkDh ftZu'I @@Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhU## Fpd g{ok eoe/Gkt noE ;wMkU.

2H fBws fbys gzrshnK ftu'I fe;/ fJe d/ noE eo' L;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s['jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s['jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s['jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s['jh–;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s['jh–;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–

iK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(96) r[owfs frnkB

nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–

2X10=20

(Gkr—;)j/m fby/ d; gqFBK d/ T[&&Zso ;zy/g ftu fby' L

1H whoh-ghoh s'I eh Gkt j? <2H ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkb eh

foFsk ;h <3H ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih i'sh i's ed'I s/ feZE/ ;wkJ/ <4H ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe ed'I s/ fezBQK B/

bkfJnk <5H ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <6H @ig[# pkDh dk ;w[Zuk ;o{g eh j? <7H sPgq;kfd ;t?:/ pkDh f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ed'I gVQh iKdh j? <8H @nBzd ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko ;o;/ s'I eh Gkt j? <9H @ojokf;# pkDh ftu @GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/j[ohnk# Fpd ftu eh

T[gd/F j? <10H @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @fSn no fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;# tkbh g{oh

gzrsh s'I eh Gkt j? <10X2+20

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

GkJh fdnkbk ih (97)

prcw dUjw

f;Zy fJfsjk;f;Zy fJfsjk;f;Zy fJfsjk;f;Zy fJfsjk;f;Zy fJfsjk;s/s/s/s/s/

ofjs wo:kdkofjs wo:kdkofjs wo:kdkofjs wo:kdkofjs wo:kdk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(98) r[owfs frnkB

ykbh g/i

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Bh:s ehsk BtK f;b/p; (99)

Bh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko LBh:s ehs/ Bt/I f;b/p; nB[;ko L

gouk d{ik—f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdk;wK L 3 xzN/ e[b nze 100(T) f;Zy BkfJeK dhnK ihtBhnK L

★★★★★ GkJh fdnkbk ih★★★★★ pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx★★★★★ Btkp eg{o f;zx★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk★ ★ ★ ★ ★ nekbh c{bk f;zx★ ★ ★ ★ ★ GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx-wfjskp f;zx 20

(n) nmkothI ;dh d/ xZb{xko/ L S'Nk xZb{xkok (1746), tZvk xZb{xkok(1762)fJfsjk; f;Zy fw;bK L nkjb{tkbhnk, f;zxg[ohnk, okwrVQhnk ns/fw;b FjhdK 20

(J) j/m fby/ ftfFnK dk nfXn?B L★ ★ ★ ★ ★ r[od[nkok★ ★ ★ ★ ★ w[ytke b?D dh ftXh★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ;qh nyzv gkm★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ;kXkoB gkm★ ★ ★ ★ ★ G'r 20

(;) feos eoBh, Bkw igDk, tzv SeDk, ;kX ;zrs, f;woBnodk; dh wjZssk . 20

(j) d; gqFBK d/ ;zy/g T[&&Zso—(Gkr T-n-J-;) ftu'I nkT[Dr/. 20

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(100) r[owfs frnkB

sseoksseoksseoksseoksseok

gouk d{ik - f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdkGkJh fdnkbk ih 101pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih 104Btkp eg{o f;zx ih 108;qH iZ;k f;Zx nkjb{tkbhnk 113nekbh c{bk f;zx ih 118GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih 122S'Nk xZb{xkok 127tZvk xZb{xkok 132f;Zy fw;bK L

nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b 138f;zxg[ohnk fw;b 141okwrVQhnk fw;b 144fw;b FjhdK 146

e[M ftfFnK dk nfXn?B Lr[od[nko/ 149w[ytke b?D dh ftXh 152;kXkoB gkm 153nyzv gkm 154G'r 155feos eoBh 158Bkw igDk 162tzv SeDk 166;kX ;zrs 170f;woB 174nodk; dh wZjssk 178gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk 183

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GkJh fdnkbk ih (101)

BweI idAwlw jI

GkJh fdnkbk ih dk ihtB s/ Fjhdh LGkJh fdnkbk ih B"t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih Bkb fdZbh fty/

Fjhd j'D tkb/ f;deh f;ZyK ftu'I fJe ;B. fJjBK ~ gkDh dh d/r ftufpmk e/ j/mK nZr pkba fdZsh rJh. T[pbdk gkDh th GkJh fdnkbk ih d/f;de ~ v[bk Bk ;fenk. B"t/I gksFkj ih d/ j[ewBkfwnK ftu nkg ihdk BK GkJh fdnkb dk; eoe/ nB/e tko nkfJnk j?.

GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ itkBh dh T[wo/ nkg d/ fgsk GkJh wkJh dk; ihB/ ;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu 1657 JhH ~ ;/tkbJh jk}o ehsk ;h. GkJh fdnkbk ih GkJh wkJh dk; d/ pkoQK g[ZsoK ftu'Id{i/ Bzpo #s/ ;B. pzd-pzd eNtkT[D tkb/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih th GkJhfdnkbk ih d/ S'N/ GkJh ;B. GkJh ;kfjp d/ gfotko dk ;zpzX r[o{ xo Bkbg[okDk ;h. nkg d/ dkdk GkJh pZb{ ih S/t/I gksFkj dh \"i ftu seV/ioB?b ;B. GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh frnkoK Gok r[o{ gzE bJh e[opkB j'J/.

GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ gfjbK ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ns/ c/o ;qh r[o{jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu FoXk GktBk Bkb jo gqeko dh ;/tkfBGkJh. id ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK GkJhfdnkbk ih ~ @xopkoh dhtkB# Ekfgnk frnk. nkg r[o{ xo d/ pj[s jhftFtk; gkso ;B. id'I B"t/I gksFkj ih 1665 JhH ~ g{op tZb gquko bJhrJ/ sK nkgD/ gfotko ~ gNBk ;kfjp SZv rJ/ ;B. T[; ;w/I th gfotkodh ;/tk ;zGkb ftu GkJh fdnkbk ih oj/.

B"t/I gksFkj ih d/ j[ewBkfwnK ftu th GkJh fdnkbk ih dkjtkbk, w[Zyh f;ZyK d/ o{g ftu nkfJnk j?. fJjBK jtkfbnK s'I fJe rZb;gZFN jz[dh j? fe GkJh fdnkbk ih r[o{ xo ftu nfs ;fsekos s/ tZy-tZy

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(102) r[owfs frnkB

fJbkfenK dhnK f;Zy ;zrsK ftu seVk o;{y oZyd/ ;B.

id 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdhj'Jh sK T[jBK s'I gfjbK GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonk frnk. GkJh;sh dk; ih ~ o{z ftu bg/N e/ nZr ftu ;kV e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. GkJhfdnkbk ih nZr/ th d' ;tkb oZy/ rJ/ fe iK fJ;bkw ep{b eo' iK w"s ep{beo'.

GkJh fdnkbk ih dk ihtB r[owfs ozr ftu ozfrnk j'fJnk ;h. fJ;GiB pzdrh tkb/ ;{ow/ B/ }kbwK ~ T[j' T[&&Zso fdZsk fe w?~ w/ok Xowfgnkok j?. w"s s'I vo e/ nkgDk ihtB f;XKs iK Xow pdb b?Dk ;{ofwnKdk ezw BjhI. fJ; bJh w?~ f;Zyh T[&&Zs/ wkD j?. ;oho B/ sK nk]o ]sw j'Dkjh j? s/ w?~ w"s gqtkB j?.

n"ozr}/p d/ ipo ~ GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ ;po Bkb tzrkfonk. GkJhfdnkbk ih ~ 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ Fkjh j[ewK Bkb fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"eftu gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r ftu T[pkb e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. nkg B/ fJ;nZs d/ ;ohoe eFN ~ s[S eoe/ ikfDnK ns/ r[opkDh dk gkm eod/eod/, gqG{ d/ GkD/ ftu GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) GkJh fdnkbk ih d/ ihtB s/ Fjhdh pko/ ft;sko g{ote ukBDk gkU.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L GkJh fdnkbk ih d/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <T[&&Zso L GkJh fdnkbk ih-GkJh wkJh dk; ih d/ ;g[Zso ;B, nkg d/ dkdk

GkJh pZb{ ih S/t/I gksFkj ih dh \"i ftu seV/ ioB?b ;B.gqFB 2 L GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ fejV/-fejV/ ;fsr[oK d/ dopko ftu ;/tk

fBGkJh <T[&&Zso L nkg B/ ;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ns/ nZmt/I gksFkj

;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu th ;/tk fBGkJh.gqFB 3 L GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ B"t/I gksFkj d/ ;w/I fejVh ;/tk fdZsh rJh <T[&&Zso L id B"t/I gksFkj ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK GkJh fdnkbk

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GkJh fdnkbk ih (103)

ih ~ @xopkoh dhtkB# Ekfgnk frnk. nkg r[o{ xo d/ pj[s jhftFtk; gkso ;B.

gqFB 4 L GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh fezB/ Gok f;Zy gzE bJh e[opkB j'J/ <T[&&Zso L GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh pkoQK Gok ;B. fJjBK ftu'I frnkoK GkJh f;Zy

gzE bJh e[opkB j'J/. pzd-pzd eNtkT[D tkb/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih thnkg d/ S'N/ Gok ;B.

gqFB 5 L GkJh fdnkbk ih ed'I, feZE/ s/ fet/I Fjhd j'J/ <T[&&Zso L GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e ftu,

gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r #u T[pkb e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.

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(104) r[owfs frnkB

bwbw boqw isMG-grjw isMG jI

pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih dk ihtB s/ Fjhdh Lpkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh (1716 JhH) s'I b? e/ 1765 JhH

se ]kb;k gzE ~ pj[s jh efmBkJhnK dk ;kjwDk eoBk fgnk. nkgDhfBnkoh j'Id ~ ekfJw oZyD bJh fJj ;wK seVh id' ifjd dk fJfsjk;j?. T[go'es ftF/ nB[;ko ;w/I pko/ ikDhJ/ sK gzikp dk rtoBo ]kBpjkdo }eohnk ]K ;h. T[; B/ 1726 JhH s'I b? e/ 1745 JhH se f;ZyK T[&&Zgopj[s jh }[bw ehs/. }eohnk ]K B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih, GkJh sko{ f;zx ih,GkJh ;[p/r f;zx ih, Fkjpki f;zx ns/ j'o p/nzs f;zxK f;zxDhnK ~ nZsd/ s;hj/ d/ e/ w"s d/ xkN T[skfonk. Gkt/I fJe ;w/I 1733 JhH ftu }eohnk]K B/ GkJh ;[p/r f;zx okjhI f;Zy gzE Bkb B/Vsk tXkT[D bJh ikrho thfdZsh, go T[; dh y'Nh Bhns tkbh ;KM pj[sk ;wK Bk ofj ;eh.

;zB 1739 d/ w[ZYb/ wjhfBnK ftu BkdoFkj B/ gzikp ~ popkd eofdZsk s/ fdZbh ~ b[ZfNnk ;h. id b[ZN dk wkb b? e/ T[j fJokB ~ tkg;w[fVnk sK je{ws d/ ;skJ/ f;Zy i' fFtkbe dhnK gjkVhnK tZb ;B,T[jBK B/ Bkdo dh \"i d/ fgSb/ Gkr T[s/ jZbk eoe/ ek\h wkb y'j fbnk.f;ZyK dh db/oh s'I j?okB j' e/ Bkdo, bkj"o ftu o[fenk. T[; B/ }eohnk]K ~ fejk fe fJj pkrh fJe fdB s/o/ w[be T[s/ ep}k th eo ;ed/ jB.

}eohnk ]K B/ c/o fJbke/ d/ nfXekohnK ~ j[ew d/ e/ f;ZyK dk y[oky'i fwNkT[D bJh ewoeZ;/ eo bJ/. f;Zy oki;EkB s/ fFtkbe dhnKgjkVhnK tZb b[e fSg rJ/. }eohnk ]K dk gZek fBFuk ;h fe f;Zy b'enzfwqs;o ;o'to ftu fJFBkB eoe/ fco BthI Fesh s/ db/oh jk;b eob?Id/ jB. fJ; bJh T[; B/ nzfwqs;o T[&&Zgo pj[s ;]sh ehsh. T[Xo f;ZyKdk j";bk d/y' fe T[j }eohnk ]K dh wBkjh s/ ;]sh d/ pkti{d th okspoks/ ;o'to #u fJFBkB eo iKd/ ;B. nZi o'}kBk nodk; ftu i/ eo

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pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih (105)

n;hI nzfwqs;o d/ fJFBkB dh i'dVh eod/ jK sK fJ; fgZS/ ;kvk pj[s tZvkfJfsjk;, Fesh, fdqVQsk, e[opkBh s/ f;Zyh d/ e/Ido s'I pfbjko/ ikD dke"wh i}pk j?. ;kv/ tZv/ tv/fonK B/ ;h; sbh #s/ Xo e/ th fe;/ ;w/I nzfwqs;od/ fJFBkB ehs/ ;B.

fJj' fJfsjk; pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk j?. pkpk p'sk f;zxih fgzv GVkDk, f}bQk bkj"o d/ t;Bhe ;B s/ T[jBK dk ;kEh GkJh roikf;zx ozxo/Nk d'B' jh nzfwqs;o d/ gftZso ;o'to #u fJFBkB eoe/ soBskoB bkr/ ik oj/ ;B. T[jBK ~ t/y e/ d' w[;bwkB j"bh-j"bh rZbK eoBbZr gJ/. fJe B/ fejk, @fJj f;Zy ikgd/ jB.# d{i/ B/ wFeoh Bkb fejkfe, @f;ZyK dk sK ]kB pjkdo B/ y[ok y'i jh fwNk fdZsk j?. fJj f;Zy BjhI,pj[o{ghJ/ j'Dr/.# fJjBK fdnK p'bK B/ pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dhnDy ~ tzrkfonk.

d'BK f;zxK B/ ;bkj ehsh fe }eohnk yK ~ fet/I tzrkfonk ikt/.T[jBK B/ soB skoB s'I Mpkb tZb iKdh ;Ve T[&&Zgo, soB skoB s'I fszBe[ whb dh d{oh #s/ fgzv ;okJ/ B{o dh e'b u[zrh Bkek bk fdZsk. T[; ;w/IfJj o;sk r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp d/ gZsD bzx e/ bkj"o ikD tkfbnK bJh nkwo;sk ;h. T[; ;w/I uz[rh eo e/tb ;oeko b? ;edh ;h. fJ; bJh w[rab;oeko d/ nzdo fJe j'o f;Zy ;oeko ekfJw j' rJh. pkpk p'sk f;zx s/roik f;zx B/ y's/ T[&&Zs/ Gko b? e/ ikD tkfbnK bJh fJe g?;k ns/ rZv/tkfbnK ~ fJe nkBk uz[rh bk e/ T[rokjh eoBh F[o{ eo fdZsh. fco pkpkp'sk f;zx ih B/ bkj"o d/ ;{p/ ~ fuZmh fbyh s/ fJj fuZmh f;ZXh tzrko ;h. fJ;pko/ GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ ih B/ gqkuhB gzE gqekF ftu fbfynk j? L

fuZmh fbyh :'I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk ftu okj yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :'I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk ftu okj yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :'I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk ftu okj yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :'I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk ftu okj yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :'I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk ftu okj yb'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.

fJj ]kB'—]kB pjkdo }eohnk ]K dh tZvh G?D ;h s/ T[j \?}b ]K~ ftnkjh j'Jh ;h. fJj ;kok NZpo f;ZyK dk d[FwD ;h. fJ; bJh fJj fuZmh}eohnk ]K ~ u'Gt/I FpdK ftu fbyh.

T[Xo id }eohnk ]K ~ ]po fwbh sK T[; B/ nkgD/ fJe \"idkoibkb[dhB ~ fJe ;" x'V ;tko d/ e/ G/fink fe d'BK f;zxK ~ frq\sko eoe/

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(106) r[owfs frnkB

fbnkT[. j[D fJe gk;/ w[rabK d/ ;" x'V ;tko s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;fsr[oK d/ uVQdhebk tkb/ f;gkjh pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih ;B. fJj \"i ~ t/y e/BZm/ BjhI, ;r'I nkgDhnK fgZmK i'V e/ w[rab \"i dk nfijk Nkeok ehskfe T[j dzr ofj rJ/. w[rab f;gkjh fJjBK ~ wkoB bJh nZr/ tXd/. fJjBKd'jK f;zxK gk; bZeV d/ nBxVs fij/ ;'N/ ;B s/ fJj T[jBk Bkb jhd[FwDK d/ f;o GzB fdzd/. d'jK f;zxK B/ bzpk ;wK vZN e/ Nkeok ehsk s/w[rabK d/ nB/eK f;gkjh wko fdZs/. nzs d[FwD dk Nkeok eod/ pkpk p'skf;zx s/ roik f;zx ih Fjhd j' rJ/. fJj xNBk 1739 JhH dh j?. fJjBK;{opho :'fXnK dh :kd ftu ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp s'I Mpkb tkbh ;VeT[&&Zgo fgzv B{o dh fty/ FkBdko r[od[nkok ;kfjp T[;kfonk frnk j?.fJjBK dh pjkdoh dhnK tkoK i[ZrK i[rKsoK se rkJhnK iKdhnKofjDrhnK.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ GkJh roik f;zx ih d/ ihtB s/ Fjhdh ;zpzXh s[;hI

eh ikDd/ j' <

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk fJfsjk; fe; ;w/I Bkb

;zpzfXs j? <T[&&Zso L fJj xNBk 1739 JhH dh j?, id gzikp dk rtoBo ]kB pjkdo

}eohnk ]K ;h. T[; B/ f;ZyK T[&&Zgo pj[s }[bw ehs/, go fJj d'B'If;zx c/o th nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fJFBkB eoe/ rJ/ ns/ d' w[;bwkBK dkskjBk ;[D e/ w[rab ;oeko bJh tzrko pD rJ/.

gqFB 2 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih B/ uz[rh eo feT[I brkfJnk <T[&&Zso L T[jBK B/ u[zrh eo fJ; bJh brkfJnk, feT[Ife uz[rh eo e/tb

;oeko jh b? ;edh ;h. T[jBK B/ w[rab ;oeko d/ nzdo, f;Zy;oeko ekfJw eo fdZsh, i' Fo/Qnkw prkts ;h.

gqFB 3 L pkpk p'sk f;zx ih B/ }eohnk ]K ~ fuZmh ftu eh fbfynk <T[&&Zso L pkpk ih dh fuZmh }eohnk ]K ~ tzrko ;h s/ T[BQK fbfynk L

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pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih (107)

fuZmh fbyh :"I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk okj ftu yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :"I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk okj ftu yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :"I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk okj ftu yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :"I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk okj ftu yb'sk.fuZmh fbyh :"I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk okj ftu yb'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.

gqFB 4 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih B/ fezBh w[rab \"i Bkb Nkeokehsk <

T[&&Zso L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih e/tb d'B'I ;B ns/ w[rab \"i ftufJe ;" x'V-;tko s/ fJe \"idko ibkb[dhB ;h.

gqFB 5 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dh :kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjpfeZE/ j? <

T[&&Zso L fJjBK ;{opho :'fXnK dh :kd ftu ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp s'I Mpkbtkbh ;Ve T[&&Zgo fgzv B{o dh fty/ FkBdko r[od[nkok ;kfjpT[;kfonk frnk j?. fJj soB skoB ;kfjp s'I fszB e[ whb dh d{oh#s/ j?.

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(108) r[owfs frnkB

nvwb kpUr isMG jI

Btkp eg{o f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; Lf;Zy e"w ftu Btkp eg{o f;zx ih fJe ;fsekos j;sh j'J/ jB. nkg

ih B/ 1733 JhH s'I 1753 JhH se g{o/ thj ;kb e"w ~ :'r nrtkJh fdZsh.T[Ii fJj th fejk ik ;edk j? fe nkg dk ;w[Zuk ihtB jh gzEe ;/tk ftupshs j'fJnk.

fJ; wjkB F];hns dk iBw 1697 JhH ~, F/y{g[ok d/ fJbke/ ftufgzv ekb/e/ fty/, u"Xoh dbhg f;zx ih d/ xo, ftoe iZN xokD/ ftuj'fJnk. xo ftu f;Zyh tksktoD j'D eoe/ wB T[&&Zgo seVk gqGkt fgnk.pugB ftu jh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B s/ nkgDh wksk ih gk;'I r[opkDh ezmehsh.

pkpk pzdk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd f;Zy e"w ftu pzdJh ]kb;ks/ sZs ]kb;k ftueko MrVk tZX frnk ;h. wksk ;z[doh ih B/ fdZbh s'I GkJhwBh f;zx ih ~ G/fink. T[jBK B/ e"w ftu g{oB J/esk eotk fdZsh. fJ;][Fh ftu 1721 JhH ~ t?;kyh tkb/ fdB nzfwqs;o fty/ seVk gzEe fJeZmj'fJnk ns/ nzfwqs ;zuko th j'fJnk. GkJh wBh f;zx ih gziK fgnkfonK ftuFkwb ;B. fiE/ T[; fdB p/nzs ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk T[E/ ;H eg{o f;zxih th nzfwqs Se e/ ]kb;k ;i rJ/. fco nkg B/ fJbke/ d/ B"itkBK ~nzfwqs SeD bJh g/qfonk sK fJbke/ ftu T[jBK dk uzrk ;fseko j'D bZrk.

T[Xo 1726 JhH ftu }eohnk ]K bkj"o dk ;{p/dko pfDnk. T[; B/f;ZyK T[&&Zgo pj[s ;]sh ehsh. fJ;/ ;kb GkJh skok f;zx tK dh Fjhdh j'Jh.T[jBK dh Fjhdh B/ f;Zy irs ftu r[Za;/ dh bfjo g?dk eo fdZsh. jo rZGo{fJ; Fjhdh dk pdbk b?Dk ukjz[dk ;h. ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp fty/ ;opZs]kb;/ dk fJeZm j'fJnk. fJE/ ;qH eg{o f;zx B/ e[M ;[Mkn oZy/ fe, @;oeko

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Btkp eg{o f;zx ih (109)

dh nkofEe Bkekpzdh ehsh ikJ/ s/ bkj"o d/ ]}kB/ ftu pkjo'I wkfJnk BknkT[D fdZsh ikt/. ;oekoh ]}kB/ b[ZN e/ jo f;zx ~ tXhnk jfEnko s/ uzrkx'Vk fdZsk ikt/. fi; Bkb th ;oeko tXheh eo/, T[; dh wdd bJh]kb;k gj[zu/.#

T[E/ ;w{j f;ZyK ~ fJ; B"itkB dh dbhb uzrh bZrh sK ;GBK B/;fjwsh Bkb ;qH eg{o f;zx ih ~ gzE dk ioB?b pDk e/ f}zw/tkoh ;"IgfdZsh. ;qH eg{o f;zx B/ f;zxK d/ iZE/ pDk e/ tZy-tZy fJbke/ tzv fdZs/.fJjBK ifEnK B/ w[rab ;oeko dk BZe ftu dw eo fdZsk. ;oekoh x'fVnKd/ tgkoh s/ bkj"o d/ ]}kB/ b[ZN e/ f;zxK bJh uzr/ x'V/ s/ izrh ;wkB fsnkoeo fbnk. fJ; ;w/I f;ZXh NZeo b?D s'I f;tk f;ZyK gk; e'Jh ukok jh BjhI;h. T[Xo w[rab je{ws sK f;ZyK dk y[ok y'i fwNkT[D #s/ s[bh j'Jh ;h.fit/I-fit/I f;ZyK dh uVQs pDdh ikt/, fst/I-fst/I jh gzikp ftu oki eo/rk]kb;k dhnK ntk}K r{ziD bZrhnK.

nzs 1733 JhH ftu }eohnk ]K wip{o j' e/ fdZbh dh je{ws s'Inkfrnk b? e/ f;Zy gzE Bkb ;[bj eoB bJh fsnko j' frnk. T[; B/ bkj"onk e/ GkJh ;[p/r f;zx okjhI f;ZyK ~ fJe ikrho, fi; dh ;bkBk nkwdBfJe bZy o[gJ/ ;h ns/ Btkp dh gdth d/D dh g/FeF ehsh. nzfwqs;o fty/]kb;k gzE dk fJeZm j'fJnk s/ gzE B/ fJj g/FeF m[eok fdZsh. GkJh ;[p/rf;zx B/ fejk fe gzE d/ Gb/ bJh fJj ikrho s/ Btkph Bk m[eokU. ;ops]kb;/ B/ ;bkj ehsh fe ;qH eg{o f;zx ih dh :'rsk eoe/ sK w[rab ;oekoB/ r'v/ N/e/ jB. fJ; bJh fJ; ;fseko d/ jZedko ;qH eg{o f;zx ih jB.

;qH eg{o f;zx ih T[; ;w/I ;zrsK ftu gZyk MZbD dh ;/tk eo oj/ ;B.GkJh ;[p/r f;zx Btkph dhnK t;sK b? e/ nZr/ tX/, fi; ftu o/Fw dh gZr,fJe e?Imk, fJe ebrh, firQk, ;[Bfjoh ezrDK dk i'Vk, fJe w'shnK dhwkbk, fJe g[Fke s/ fJe jhfonK iVh FwFho ;h. ;qH eg{o f;zx B/ fejkfe w?I ]kb;k gzE d/ j[ew nZr/ fJBekoh th BjhI j' ;edk, go fJj ;oekohwkb gfjbK gzi f;zxK d/ uoBK Bkb S[jk e/ fdZsk ikJ/ sK w?I gqtkB eoKrk.T[; ;w/I ;oekoh ohsh nB[;ko b'e Btkph dh fybs (g[Fke) b? e/ f;o #s/oZyd/ s/ ;fseko eod/ ;B. go ;qH eg{o f;zx ih B/ gzi f;zxK d/ uoBK ftuoyk e/ gqtkB ehsh.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(110) r[owfs frnkB

fJ; ;w/I ]kb;k gzE B/ e[M FosK wzBtkJhnK fe ;kv/ T[&&Zgo e'Jh;oekoh gkpzdh BjhI bZr/rh. ;GBK ~ r[od[nkfonK dh d/y Gkb s/ ;/tk;zGkb dh n}kdh j't/rh. }eohnk ]K B/ fJj FosK wzB bJhnK. T[; dkf]nkb ;h fe ;oekoh XB Bkb f;ZyK ftu c[ZN g? ikt/rh, go ;qH eg{o f;zxih dh :'r nrtkJh j/m f;Zy tZvh gZXo #s/ iE/pzd j' rJ/. f;Zyh dk gqukotZX frnk s/ B"itkB XVk XV f;zx ;iD bZr/.

Btkp ;qH eg{o f;zx ih B/ f;Zy gzE ~ iE/pzd eoB bJh d' Fq/DhnKpDk fdZshnK ;B. fJe ukbh ;kb s'I T[&&Zgo T[wo d/ f;zxK dk p[ZYk db s/B"itkBK dk soBk db pDkfJnk, feT[Ife @so[B# B"itkB ~ fejk iKdkj?. d'jK dbK d/ nkg ;KM/ ioB?b Ekg/ rJ/. j[D p[ZYk db r[od[nkfonK dhd/y Gkb eodk ns/ so[Bk db :[ZX dh fsnkoh, F;so ftZfdnk dh w[jkosns/ w}b{wK dh oZfynk eodk ;h. T[; ;w/I Btkp eg{o f;zx ih f;ZyK dhT[u j;sh ;B. nkg gziK fgnkfonK ftu Fkwb j[zd/ s/ f;Zy ;wki nkg d/iZE/ gk;'I nzfwqsgkB eoBk ;[Gkr ;wMdk ;h. fJjBK fdBK ftu jh wksk;z[doh ih B/ fJe B"itkB ;qH iZ;k f;zx ~ nkg d/ gk; G/fink, fi; ~ jogZy'I ;qH eg{o f;zx ih B/ fBg[zB ehsk.

T[Xo }eohnk ]K B/ f;o\ d' ;kb jh ;wM"s/ T[&&Zgo nwb ehsk s/ ;zB1735 ftu T[; B/ fco nkgDh skes Bkb, fdZsh j'Jh ikrho #s/ ep}k eofbnk. Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ fejk fe ;oeko B/ uzrk ehsk, feT[Ife ;kokgzikp jh ;kvh ikrho j?. f;ZyK T[&&Zgo fco }[bw F[o{ j' rJ/. nB/eK f;ZyFjhd ehs/ rJ/. f;Zy xo pko SZv e/ izrbK ftu ub/ rJ/. fJ; w[;hps d/;w/I Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ f;Zy e"w ~ uVQdh ebk ftu oZfynk s/ wkbt/ftu ik e/ f;Zy ;odkoK ~ oki ekfJw eoB ftu wdd ehsh.

;zB 1739 ftu BkdoFkj fdZbh b[ZN e/ fJokB tZb w[fVnk s/ id T[jfFtkbe dhnK gjkVhnK d/ o;s/ s'I bzx fojk ;h sK Btkp eg{o f;zx dhnrtkJh j/m ]kb;/ B/ T[; gk;'I ek\h XB y'j fbnk. nB/e fJ;sohnK S[vke/ xo' xohI gj[zukJhnK. }eohnk ]K dk }[bw j'o tX frnk. wZ;/ ozxV B/jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph ehsh. T[; dk f;o tZY e/ GkJh ;[Zyk f;zxs/ wfjskp f;zx B/ pdbk fbnk. ;zB 1746 ftu S'Nk xZb{xkok tkgfonk.

;w[Zu/ jkbks ~ tkuD bJh 29 wkou 1748 JhH ~ ;qh nekb s]s

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Btkp eg{o f;zx ih (111)

;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;/ dk fJeZm j'fJnk. Btkp eg{o f;zx ihB/ ;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pzde BK db ]kb;k oZfynk s/ fJ; dh iE/dkoh;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Igh rJh. fJ; ;w/I Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/e"w dh ;[:'r nrtkJh ehsh.

1753 JhH ftu nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/. nkg B/ gzEe fJeZm p[bke/ ;kohnK f}zw/tkohnK ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Ig fdZshnK. nzs f;ZygzE d/ wjkB ioB?b Btkp eg{o f;zx ih 7 nes{po 1753 JhH ~ nzfwqs;ofty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK dk ;;eko pkpk nNZb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/gk; ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BQK dh :kdrko pDh j'Jh j?. nkg ih dh e"wh ;/tk~ ;dk :kd ehsk iKdk oj/rk.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ;zpzXh s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ ikDekoh fdU.T[&&Zso L nkg dk iBw 1697 JhH ~ F/y{g[o d/ fJbke/ ftu fgzv ekb/e/ fty/

u"Xoh dbhg f;zx d/ xo, ftoe iZN xokD/ ftu j'fJnk. pugB ftujh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B s/ nkgDh wksk ih gk;'I r[opkDh ezm ehsh.

gqFB 2 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ nzfwqsgkB ed'I ehsk <T[&&Zso L ;zB 1721 ftu nzfwqs;o fty/ seVk gzEe fJeZm j'fJnk ns/ nzfwqs

;zuko j'fJnk. GkJh wBh f;zx ih gziK fgnkfonK ftu Fkfwb ;B.fiE/ p/nzs ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk T[E/ Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ thnzfwqs Sfenk s/ ]kb;k ;i rJ/.

gqFB 3 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ 1726 JhH ftu ;opZs ]kb;/ d/ fJeZm ftueh ;[Mkn g/F ehs/ <

T[&&Zso L nkg B/ ;[Mkn oZy/ fe, @;oeko dh nkofEe Bkekpzdh ehsh ikJ/s/ bkj"o d/ ]ikB/ ftu pkjo'I wkfJnk Bk nkT[D fdZsh ikJ/. ;oekoh]ikB/ b[ZN e/ jo f;zx ~ tXhnk jfEnko s/ uzrk x'Vk fdZsk ikt/. fi;Bkb th ;oeko tXheh eo/, T[; dh wdd bJh ]kb;k gj[zu/.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(112) r[owfs frnkB

gqFB 4 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ iE/pzdh dk BK #db ]kb;k# ed'I oZfynk <T[&&Zso L ;wekbh jkbksK ~ d/yfdnK 29 wkou 1748 JhH ~ ;qh nekb s]s

;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;k fJeZso j'fJnk. fJ; ;w/I Btkpeg{o f;zx ih B/ ;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pzde BK db ]kb;k oZfynk.

gqFB 5 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih dk nekb ubkDk ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L 1753 JhH ~ nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/ ;B. nkg B/ gzEe fJeZm

p[bk e/ ;kohnK f}zw/tkohnK ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"IgfdZshnK. nzs 7 nes{po 1753 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nkg nekbubkDk eo rJ/. nkg dk ;;eko pkpk nNZb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/ gk;ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BQK dh :kdrko pDh j'Jh j?.

✫✫✫

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;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk (113)

sR j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw

;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk ihtB fJfsjk; L;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, nmkothI ;dh dk T[j pjkdo f;Zy

ioB?b ;h, fi; B/ ukbQh ;kb fdB oks fJe eoe/ fpyV/ ;w/I ftu f;Zy e"wdh ;/tk ehsh. T[j fJe' fJe f;Zy ;h, fi; ~ ;w[Zuh e"w B/ ;fseko Bkb;[bskB-T[b-e"w fejk. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s'I pknd f;Zy e"w dh;[uZih nrtkJh Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ ehsh ns/ T[jBK d/ j[zfdnK jh ;qH iZ;kf;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ n?;h ewkB ;zGkbh fe jo e"wh \o} ~ FkBdkosohe/ Bkb fBGkfJnk.

;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk iBw 3 wJh 1718 JhH ~ f}bQk bkj"od/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/ ;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. ;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo eJh;kbK se ;zskB BjhI ;h j'Jh sK T[jBK B/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp ik e/ nodk;ehsh ns/ pj[s ;[ZyDk ;[y e/ fJj g[Zso fbnk ;h. iZ;k f;zx ni/ gzi e[ ;kbdk ;h id fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg dh wksk ih pj[s GiBpzdrh tkbh n"os ;h ns/ o; fGzBk ehosB eo b?Idh ;h. T[; dh GktBk;h fe n;hI g[Zso ~ r[o{ xo fbikDk ;h. wK nkgD/ g[Zso iZ;k f;zx ~ b? e/fdZbh ik gj[zuh, feT[Ife T[E/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ wfjb wksk ;[zdohih ofjzd/ ;B. wK B/ ik e/ wksk ;[zdoh ih ~ dZf;nk fe fJj pkb d;wgksFkj ih dh ngko feogk Bkb j'fJnk j?. pkb iZ;k f;zx B/ wksk ;z[dohih Bkb J/Bk w'j gk fbnk fe nkg dk ;kok pugB fdZbh fty/ wksk ;z[dohih gk; jh phfsnk.

id iZ;k f;zx itkB j'fJnk sK wksk ;[zdoh ih B/ 1735 JhH ftufJjBK ~ ]kb;k gzE dh ;/tk bJh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/i fdZsk. idfdZbh s'I nkg ~ ftdk ehsk sK wksk ;[zdoh ih B/ fJe Ykb, sbtko,ewkB, shoK dk GZEk, fJe r[oi s/ ;[Bfjoh g[Fke fdZsh. Bkb jh Btkp

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(114) r[owfs frnkB

eg{o f;zx ih ~ fuZmh fbyh fe fJ; ~ ;kvk ;g[Zso ikD e/ ;G ]kb;Jh r[DKftu fBg[zB eoBk j?.

fJfsjk;eko fbyd/ jB fe Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ iZ;k f;zx ~ Xow dkg[Zso jh pDk fbnk. nkg B/ pj[s S/sh izr d/ g?IsV/ s/ F;so ftZfdnkgqkgs eo bJh. bzpk ;wK fdZbh ofjD eoe/ fJjBK dh p'bh ftu T[od{ s/fjzdh dk ek\h obk ;h s/ rZbK rZbK ftu jwe'-s[we' efj iKd/ ;B. f;zxKB/ nkg dh nZb @jwe'-s[we'# gk fdZsh. fJe fdB iZ;k f;zx B/ Btkp eg{of;zx ~ fejk fe f;zx w?~ jwe'-s[we' efj e/ fuVkT[Id/ jB sK Btkp ihB/ fejk fe xpok Bk, fJj s?~ fe;/ fdB gksFkj th pDk ;ed/ jB.Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ nkg gziK fgnkfonK ftu Fkwb j' e/ iZ;k f;zx ~nzfwqs SekfJnk.

Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ iZ;k f;zx ~ S/sh jh Gzvkoh dh gdth d/ fdZsh.x'fVnK d/ dkD/ d/ Gzvko dk ukoi T[jBK gk; nk frnk s/ fJj T[; ;w/IwjZstg{oB gdth ;h. Btkp ;kfjp ~ iZ;k f;zx T[&&Zgo J/Bk ftFtk; ;h feT[j ]ikB/ dhnK ukphnK th T[; ~ fdzd/ ;B. nkg ni/ thj e[ ;kbK d/ ;Bid Bkdo Fkj dh w[Vdh \"i T[s/ jZbk p'b e/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dhnrtkJh j/mK nkg B/ eoko/ jZE ftykJ/. nkg bzpk ;wK Btkp ;kfjp d/ iE/ftu oj/ ns/ 1745 JhH ftu nkgDk tZyok iEk pDk fbnk.

1746 JhH ftu S'N/ xZb{xko/ ;w/I ;qH iZ;k f;zx ih B/ pj[s jh ;{owrshftykJh. fi; ;w/I f;zx uko/ gkf;T[I jh x/o/ rJ/ ;B. T[; ;w/I nkg B/ phoskfdyk e/ gzE ftu T[xk BK g?dk ehsk. fco 1748 JhH ~ id t?;kyh d/ fdBnzfwqs;o ftu ;opZs ]kb;k dk fJeZm j'fJnk sK Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pzde BK db ]kb;k oZfynk sK ;kohnK fw;bK dkgqw[Zy ;odko iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ Ekfgnk frnk. nkg T[; ;w/Inkjb{tkbhnk fw;b d/ iE/dko th ;B. nkg B/ db ]kb;k dh wdd BkbgfjbK nzfwqs;o d/ jkew ;bkps ]K ns/ fco w[bskB d/ ;{p/dko FkjfBtk} ]kB ~ esb ehsk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK dhnK gzikp Go ftu X[zwKg? rJhnK. T[; B/ fJe tko ebkB"o b[ZfNnk s/ fco bkj"o th b[ZfNnk.nfjwd Fkj npdkbh d/ gzit/I jwb/ ;w/I f;ZXh NZeo bJh.

1761 JhH ~ dhtkbh tkb/ fdB id ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp nzfwqs;o

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fty/ ]kb;k fJeZso j'fJnk sK \?;bk ehsk fe j[D bkj"o #s/ ep}k ehskikJ/. f;zxK B/ ik bkj"o x/fonk ns/ ;{p/dko T[p?d ]kB ~ Gik e/ ;qH iZ;kf;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ s]s #s/ fpmk e/ pkdFkj pDk fdZsk. ibdhekotkJh ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ BK T[&&Zgo f;Zek th ubkfdZsk. id fdZbh s'I Fkjh \"i tZvh frDsh ftu nk rJh sK f;zxK B/ bkj"oSZv fdZsk.

T[Xo nfjwdFkj npdkbh f;ZyK s'I pj[s d[yh ;h. T[; B/ nkgDh;koh skes bk e/ f;zxK ~ wb/oe'Nbk B/V/ e[gojhV fty/ x/o e/ wkoB dke'Mk :sB ehsk. fJ; xNBk ~ tZvk xZb{xkok fejk frnk i' 1762 JhH ftutkgfonk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx pj[s pjkdoh Bkb bV/. nkg d/ ;oho T[&&Zgo d'doiB d/ eohp cZN bZr/, go j";bk BjhI jkfonk. Gkt/I shj j}ko f;zxfJ; xZb{xko/ ftu Fjhd j' rJ/ ;B, go ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dhnrtkJh B/ e"w ftu Yfjzdh ebk BjhI nkT[D fdZsh.

14 iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;qH iZ;k f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m ;kohnK fw;bKB/ fwb e/ ;ojzd #s/ jwbk ehsk ns/ Btkp }?B ]K ~ wko w[ekfJnk.;ojzd T[go ]kb;/ dk fco ep}k j' frnk. S'N/ ;kfjp}kfdnK dh Fjhdhtkb/ ;EkB #s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp r[od[nkok pDkfJnk frnk. T[Xo nfjwdFkj npdkbh B/ 1762 JhH ftu ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh gftZso fJwkosYkj fdZsh ;h. nes{po 1764 JhH ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ fcofsnko eotkJh. ;zB 1777 ftu ;qH nkjb{tkbhnk B/ eg{oEbk #s/ jwbkehsk. fJE'I d/ j[ewokB okJ/ fJpokjhw GZNh ~ jko d/ e/ eg{oEbk ~nkgDh okiXkBh pDk fbnk.

;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ f;ZX eo fdZsk fe fdqVQ ftFtk; ns/Xow s/ e"w Bkb r{jVk fgnko jo }[bw d/ tfjD ~ mZb gk fdzdk j?. fJj]kb;k gzE dk wjkB ioB?b, gzE dk t\kdko f;gkjh 20 nes{po 1783JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb ubkDk eo frnk. nkg dh nzfsw ykjFnB[;ko nkg dk ;;eko Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ ;EkB bkr/ pkpk nNZbokfJ d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BQK dh ;wkX pDh j'Jh j?. f;Zy e"w;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ goT[gekoK s/ nmkothI ;dh ftu fdZsh;[:'r nrtkJh ~ ;dk :kd oZy/rh.

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(116) r[owfs frnkB

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk ihtB fJfsjk; fby'.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ iBw s/ gfotko pko/ dZ;'.T[&&Zso L nkg dk iBw 3 wJh 1718 JhH ~ f}bQk bkj"o d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/

;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. nkg dh wksk GiB pzdrh tkbh n"os;h ns/ o; fGzBk ehosB eo b?Idh ;h.

gqFB 2 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh wksk pugB ftu T[jBK ~ fezBQKgk; b? e/ rJh <

T[&&Zso L ;qH iZ;k f;zx ni/ gzi e[ ;kbK d/ ;B id fJjBK d/ fgsk ih nekbubkDk eo rJ/. fJjBK dh wK nkgD/ g[Zso ~ fdZbh fty/ d;wgksFkj ih d/ wfjb wksk ;[zdoh ih gk; b? e/ rJh. T[jBK ~ dZf;nkfe fJj pkb d;w gksFkj ih dh feogk Bkb j'fJnk j?. fco nkgdk pugB fdZbh fty/ wksk ;[zdoh ih gk; jh phfsnk.

gqFB 3 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ wksk ;z[doh ih B/ Btkp eg{o f;zxgk; ed'I G/fink <

T[&&Zso L id iZ;k f;zx itkB j'fJnk sK wksk ;z[doh ih B/ 1735 JhH ftufJjBK ~ ]kb;k gzE dh ;/tk bJh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/i fdZsk.wksk ;[zdoh ih B/ fJe Ykb, sbtko, ewkB, shoK dk GZEk, fJer[oi s/ ;[Bfjoh g[Fke fdZsh. Bkb jh Btkp eg{o f;zx ~ fuZmh fbyhfe fJ; ~ ;kvk ;g[Zso ikD e/ ;G ]kb;Jh r[DK ftu fBg[zB eoBkj?.

gqFB 4 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ f;Zy gzE dh eh wjkB ;/tk ehsh <T[&&Zso L nkg B/ 1746 JhH ftu S'N/ xZb{xko/ ;w/I d[FwD Bkb vN e/ Nkeok

ehsk. nkg fiE/ nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b d/ iE/dko ;B T[E/ ;kohnKfw;bK d/ gqw[Zy ;odko ti'I th ;/tk fBGkJh. nkg B/ fJe tko bkj"o#s/ ep}k eo e/ f;Zek th ubkfJnk. 1762 JhH ftu tZv/ xZb{xko/ ;w/IfiE/ npdkbh Bkb NZeo bJh T[E/ gzE dh :'r nrtkJh ehsh. nkg

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


B/ ;ojzd T[&&Zgo fJe tko fco ep}k ehsk. 1764 JhH ftu ;qhjfowzdo ;kfjp dh fJwkos dh w[V fsnkoh eotkJh, feT[Ife 1762JhH ftu fJ; gftZso fJwkos ~ npdkbh B/ Ykj fdZsk ;h. nkg B/f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ gk;ko ftu tZvk :'rdkB gkfJnk.

gqFB 5 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk nekb ubkDk ed'I s/ feZE/j'fJnk <

T[&&Zso L nkg dk nekb ubkDk 20 nes{po 1783 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/j'fJnk. nkg dh nzsw ykjF nB[;ko nkg dk ;;eko Btkp eg{of;zx ih d/ ;EkB bkr/ pkpk nNZb okfJ d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk,fiZE/ T[BQK dh ;wkX pDh j'Jh j?.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(118) r[owfs frnkB

AkwlI PUlw isMG jI

nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; Lf;Zy oki d/ ;w/I fijV/ wjkB ftneshnK B/ gzEe i}p/ Bkb e"wh ;/tk

ftu fjZ;k gkfJnk, T[jBK ftu'I nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk BK ftF/F s"o #s/toDB:'r j?. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk iBw fJe fBZe/ fij/ fgzv FhjK,jfonkDk d/ fJbkek pKro fty/ ;qH JhFo f;zx d/ xo 1761 JhH ~ j'fJnk.;qH JhFo f;zx fBFkBk tkbh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' e/ eJh izrK ftu bV/.nekbh c{bk f;zx d/ iBw ;w/I nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ gzikp T[&&Zgo jwb/j' oj/ ;B. fJjBK d/ fgsk 1762 JhH ftu tZv/ xZb{xko/ ;w/I bVfdnK ;]scZNV j' rJ/ s/ e[M fuo pknd xo ik e/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK B/nkgD/ ubkD/ s'I gfjbK c{bk f;zx dh pKj nkgD/ fwZso pkpk B?Dk f;zx ~cVkJh ns/ fejk fe w/o/ g[Zso ~ gzEe ;/tk ftu bk d/JhI. pkpk B?Dk f;zx nkgfw;b FjhdK ftu Fkwb ;B s/ fBjzr f;zxK d/ p[ZY/ db d/ iE/dko ;B.

c{bk f;zx B/ fgsk ih d/ ubkD/ s'I pknd nkgDh wksk s/ pkpk B?Dkf;zx ih d/ T[dw Bkb r[opkDh gVQh s/ ezm ehsh. fJ; d/ Bkb F;softZfdnk gqkgs ehsh. x'V-;tkoh s/ B/}kpk}h dk fJjBK ~ pj[s F"e ;h.nfijhnK o[uhnK eoe/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ :[ZX ebk ftu pj[s S/shw[jkos jk;b eo bJh. nekb dk GkDk tkgfonk fe fJjBK d/ wksk ihdh th w"s j' rJh. nkg fJeZb/ jh ofj rJ/. fco nkg nekbh pkDk gk e/FjhdK dh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. nkg B/ iE/ gk;'I nzfwqs dh dks gqkgseoe/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp jh iE/ d/ Bkb ofjDk F[o{ eo fdZsk. pkpk B?Dkf;zx d/ nekb ubkD/ s'I pknd nekbh c{bk f;zx ih iE/ d/ nkr{ pD rJ/.

1800 JhH ftu nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk e/IdopDkfJnk. T[jBK B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s/ j'o r[od[nkfonK ftu'I wjzsKtZb'I F[o{ ehsh pqkjwDh wo:kdk dk ;ckfJnk ehsk ns/ nzfwqs ;o'to dh

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

nekbh c{bk f;zx ih (119)

eko ;/tk eotkJh. nkg r[oXkwK d/ gqpzX s/ wo:kdk T[&&Zgo g{oh fBrkjoZyd/ ;B.

1802 JhH ftu wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ nzfwqs;o ~ ]kb;k oki ftuFkwb eoB bJh nzfwqs;o T[&&Zgo uVQkJh ehsh. fJE/ eJh fBZe/-fBZe/;odko ekp} ;B i' GzrhnK dh fw;b ftu'I ;B. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ftu g? e/ ;[bj ;ckJh eotk fdZsh, feT[Ife f;ZyK jZE'I f;ZyK dk jh bj{v[ZbQDk ;h. Gzrh ;odkoK ~ ikrho fwb rJh ns/ nzfwqs;o wjkoki/ d/gqpzX j/m nk frnk. fJj \?;bk eotkT[D Bkb gzE ftu nekbh c{bk f;zxih dk ;fseko pj[s tX frnk. wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih dk nekbh c{bkf;zx ih Bkb r{jVk fgnko g? frnk s/ T[j jo w[fjzw ftu fJjBK dh;bkj s/ ;jkfJsk b?D bZr gJ/.

1807 JhH ~ wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ e;{o T[&&Zgo uVQkJh ehsh s/e;{o dk jkew w[ekpb/ bJh vN frnk. wjkokik B/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ihs'I wdd wzrh s/ T[jBK B/ izr ftu n?;/ i"jo fdykJ/ fe ;ko/ ioB?b nFnF eo T[m/. fJ; s'I pknd nekbh c{bk f;zx ih e[M ;w/I bJh dwdwk;kfjp s/ fco nBzdg[o ;kfjp ub/ rJ/. T[gozs nkg B/ nB/eK jh tZvhnKw[fjzwK ftu fjZ;k fbnk. w[bskB dh nzsw bVkJh i' 1818 JhH ~ j'Jh, T[;ftu w[bskB dk gqf;ZX febQk \sfj eoB dk f;jok nekbh c{bk f;zx ih~ iKdk j?. w[bskB dh \sfj s'I fgZS'I wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ nekbh ih~ ]kb;k oki dk okyk nky e/ ;BwkfBnK ;h. Gkt/I ;koh ]kb;k \"i db/os/ izr dh wkjo ;h, go nekbh c{bk f;zx ih d/ iE/ dk j";bk s/ f;ZXh NZeob?D dh Fesh dk e'Jh w[ekpbk BjhI ;h.

1818 JhH ftu jh wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ fgFkto T[&&Zgo Xktkp'fbnk. f;Zy \"iK d/ fto[ZX gmkDK B/ ijkd dk Bkjok bk e/ w[;bwkB Bkbi'V bJ/. wjkoki/ B/ nekbh ih s'I ;jkfJsk wzrh. fJjBK dhnK s/rK w{jo/gmkD BZ; rJ/ ns/ fgFkto T[s/ ]kb;k \"i dk ep}k j' frnk.

1819 JhH ftu eFwho dh fiZs ;w/I wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ bkj"oftu dhgwkbk ehsh ns/ nekbh ih ~ @wjKpbh# dh T[gkXh fdZsh. fJ;/ soQKid ]po fwbh fe ekpb d/ pkdFkj w[jzwd n}hw ]K B/ B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkBftu tZvh \"i b? e/ nKdh j?. ;qH F/o f;zx s/ joh f;zx Bb{J/ B/ jwbk eo

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(120) r[owfs frnkB

fdZsk. fJ; ;w/I wjkokik s/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ nNe dfonk dh gqtkjBk ehsh s/ izr ftu gjz[u rJ/. S'Nh fijh MVg fgZS'I t?oh B"Ffjo/ gjz[ufrnk.

14 wkou 1823 JhH ~ fco B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB ftu ipod;s izr j'Jh.fJ; izr ftu jkEh #s/ ;tko j' e/ bVd/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih ~ fJegmkD B/ fSg e/ d' r'bhnK wkohnK sK nkg Fjhd j' rJ/. nekbh ih dk;;eko B"Ffjo/ ehsk frnk s/ T[; EK ;wkX T[;koh rJh.

nekbh c{bk f;zx ih fJe fBvo nkr{ ;B. T[j Xkofwe wo:kdk d/pj[s gkpzd ;B. nkg B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp d/ iE/dko dh j?;hns ftuwjkokik oDihs f;zx ~ e'oV/ wkoB dh ;}k ;[DkJh ;h, Gkt/I pknd ftu;zrs dh p/Bsh #s/ w[nk\ eo fdZsh rJh ;h. nekbh ih dk r[of;Zyh Bkbpj[s fgnko ;h. nkg ih B/ nzfwqs t/b/ d/ fBsB/w dh wo:kdk ~ nzsw;tk;K se fBGkfJnk. nekbh ih fe;/ th w[fjzw #s/ iKd/ sK nekb g[oynZr/ nodk; eod/ ns/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih s'I j[ewBkwk b? e/ jh otkBkjz[d/. fJ; wjkB :'X/ dh :kd ftu n}kdh s'I pknd ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fJepj[ wz}bk p[oi T[;kfonk frnk i' T[jBK dh F];hns d/ nB/e gZyK ~ikBD bJh g/qodk j?. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih torhnK wjkB F];hnsK]kb;k gzE dh FkB jB. nekbh ih rqfj;Eh BjhI ;B. go T[BQK d/ S'N/GkJh ;zs f;zx dh nzF pz; soB skoB ;kfjp tZ;dh j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) nekbh c{bk f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; T[&&Zgo ukBDk gkU.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih d/ iBw s/ gfotko ;zpzXh ikDekoh fdU.T[&&Zso L nkg ih dk iBw fJe fBZe/ fij/ fgzv FhjK, jfonkDk d/ fJbkek

pKro fty/ ;qH JhFo f;zx d/ xo 1761 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;qH JhFo f;zxih fBFkBk tkbh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' e/ eJh izrK ftu bV/.

gqFB 2 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dh gkbDk g';Dk fet/I j'Jh <T[&&Zso L nekbh ih pj[s S'N/ ;B id fJjBK d/ fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo

rJ/. ubkD/ s'I gfjbK nkgD/ g[Zso dh pKj pkpk B?Dk f;zx ~ cVkJh

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

nekbh c{bk f;zx ih (121)

s/ fejk fe w/o/ g[Zso ~ gzEe ;/tk ftu bkJhA. pkpk B?Dk f;zx fw;bFjhdK ftu Fkwb ;B. nekbh ih dh gkbDk g';Dk nkg dh wksks/ pkpk B?Dk f;zx dh ;[uZih gq/oBk j/m j'Jh.

gqFB 3 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ 1800 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDke/Ido pDk e/ eh ;[Xko ehsk <

T[&Zso L nekbh ih B/ 1800 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk e/Ido pDkfJnk.T[jBK B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s/ j'o r[od[nkfonK ftu'I wjzsK tZb'IF[o{ ehsh pqkjwDh wo:kdk dk ;ckfJnk ehsk ns/ nzfwqs ;o'to dheko ;/tk eotkJh. nkg r[oXkwK d/ gqpzX s/ wo:kdk T[&&Zgo g{ohfBrkj oZyd/ ;B.

gqFB 4 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih ~ wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih B/ eh-eh T[gkXhfdZsh <

T[&&Zso L w[bskB dh nzsw bVkJh 1818 JhH ~ j'Jh. T[; ftu w[bskB dkgqf;ZX febQk \sfj eoB dk f;jok nekbh ih ~ iKdk j?. w[bskBdh \sfj s'I fgZS'I wjkokik B/ nekbh ih ~ ]kb;k oki dk okyk nkye/ ;BwkfBnk ;h. fJ;/ soQK 1819 ftu eFwho dh fiZs s'I pkndwjkokik B/ nekbh ih ~ wjKpbh dh T[gkXh fdZsh.

gqFB 5 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh ed'I j'Jh ns/ T[jBK dh :kdrkofeE/ j? <

T[&&Zso L 14 wkou 1823 JhH ~ B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB ftu ipod;s izr j'Jh.fJ; izr ftu jkEh #s/ ;tko j' e/ bVd/ nekbh ih ~ fJe gmkD B/fSg e/ d' r'bhnK wkohnK sK nkg Fjhd j' rJ/. nkg dk ;;ekoB"Ffjo/ ehsk frnk s/ T[; EK ;wkX T[;koh rJh. n}kdh s'I pkndfJjBK dh :kd ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fJe pj[ wz}bk p[oi T[;kfonkfrnk.

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(122) r[owfs frnkB

BweI suKw isMG qyBweI mihqwb isMG jI

GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh pjkdoh L1739 JhH ftu BkdoFkj B/ fdZbh b[ZNh ns/ id T[j tkg; fJokB ~

w[fVnk sK f;Zy :'fXnK B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m T[; dk ek\hXB y'j fbnk. B"itkB ;z[dohnK S[vk e/ xo' xohI gj[zukJhnK. bkj"o gj[zue/ BkdoFkj B/ gzikp d/ rtoBo }eohnk ]K ~ f;ZyK T[&&Zgo ;]sh eoBdk j[ew fdZsk.

fJ; s'I pknd }eohnk ]K B/ f;ZyK fto[ZX seVh ;]s w[fjzw ubkT[Ddk fJokdk Xko fbnk. f;ZyK ~ geVB s/ wkoB bJh fJBkw oZy/ rJ/. i'nkdwh fe;/ f;Zy dh frq\skoh bJh ;{j d/t/ T[; ~ 10 o[gJ/ ns/ f;Zy dkf;o fbnkT[D tkb/ ~ 50 o[gJ/ fJBkw d/D dk bkbu fdZsk frnk. T[; ;w/IfJj pj[s jh tZvh oew ;h. T[; B/ ;G u"Xoh s/ je{wsh nwbk f;ZyK dhspkjh eoB tZb bk fdZsk. fJ; ;w/I fJBkw s/ u"Xo d/ G[ZfynK B/ w[rab;oeko dk g{ok ;fj:'r fdZsk.

u"XohnK ftu'I wzfvnkbh fgzv dk wZ;k ozxV ;G s'I tX e/ }[bw eoBdh G{fwek fBGk fojk ;h. T[j nzfwqs;o dk e'stkb fB:[es ehsk frnk.T[; B/ }eohnk ]K dh Ffj T[s/ ;qh dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o T[&&Zgo ep}keo fbnk. T[; B/ goeowk ftu x'V/ pzBQ bJ/ ns/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ~Bku xo pDk fbnk. fiE/ wjkoki dk gqekF jz[dk ;h T[E/ gbzx vkj e/p?mdk ns/ szpke{ s/ Fokp ghIdk. T[E/ jh t/;tk dk Bku j'D bZfrnk.f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? fe id nkdwh dh w"s B/V/ nk ikJ/ sK wZs wkohiKdh j?.

T[Xo je{ws dh nZs ;]sh eoe/ ;w/I dh Bp} ~ gSkDd/ j'J/ pj[s/

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih (123)

f;zx izrbK, phnkpkBK iK phekB/o tZb ub/ rJ/. u"XohnK B/ ;{pk bkj"o~ ][Fh dhnK ]poK G/ihnK fe gzikp ftu f;ZyK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdZsk frnkj?. ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph Bk ;jkodk j'fJnk fgzv ezr d/ofjD tkbk fJe f;Zy p[bkek f;zx fJj ]po g[ukT[D bJh f;zxK gk;phekB/o gj[zu frnk. T[; B/ Gkte j' e/ nZyK #u'I nZEo{ e/ofdnK gzikp dkjkb dZf;nk fe wZ;k ozxV ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph eo fojk j?s/ s[;hI pj[s d{o nk rJ/ j'. i/ eo n;hI nkgD/ gftZso ;EkB d{finK r'uo/SZvKr/ sK okyh e"D eo/rk < T[j tkosk ;[DkT[Idk GZ[pK wko e/ o' fgnk.

;koh tkosk ;[D e/ db d/ iE/dko p[ZYk f;zx B/ fwnkB #u'I s/ra eZYhs/ ;ko/ f;zxK ~ ;zp'XB j' e/ efjD bZrk, ]kb;k ih ! nZi wZ;k ozxV B/ gzEdh nDy ~ tzrkfonk J/. j? e'Jh ;{owk i' ;h; sbh #s/ Xo e/ s[o/, iK sKT[; gkgh dk BkF eo d/t/ iK ;fsr[oK d/ dopko dh gftZsosk bJh Fjhdj' ikt/.

iE/dko dh tzrko ;[D e/ f;zxK d/ v"b/ coe/. ;G s'I gfjbK ;qH wfjskpf;zx Gzr{ whoKe'Nhnk s/ GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx wkVh ezp'eh tkbk T[m yV/ j'J/.T[jBK B/ ;fs ;qh nekb dk i?ekok rik e/ fwnkB ftu'I s/raK eZYhnK s/ phoo; ftu p'b/ fe, iE/dko ih ! n;hI wZ;/ gkgh dk f;o ;zrsK d/ uoBK #ufbnk XoKr/ s/ iK fco Fjhd j' iktKr/. nkU, ;fsr[oK d/ uoBK #u nodk;eohJ/.

]kb;/ B/ uVQdh ebk d/ i?eko/ SZv/. nodk;k ;'X e/, nekb dh UNb? e/ d't/I i'X/ x'fVnK #s/ ;tko j' e/ nzfwqs;o ~ otkBk j'J/. gzikp bkr/gj[zu e/ T[jBK B/ e[M G/; pdb fbnk. nzfwqs;o d/ B/V/ gj[zu e/ T[jBK d'p'ohnK mheohnK dhnK Go e/ nZr/ ekmhnK T[&&Zgo oZy bJhnK. t/yD tkb/~ ikgdk ;h fe w[;bwkB Bzpodko }whB dk wkwbk skoB bJh uZb/ jB.

fJj xNBk nr;s 1740 JhH dh j? id fJj f;zx ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjpih dh goeowk ftu dkyb j'J/. nkgD/ x'V/ fJjBK f;zxK B/ doFBh fvT[Vhd/ pkjo bkuh p/oh* Bkb pzBQ fdZs/ s/ mheohnK tkbhnK p'ohnK b? e/ ;qhjfowzdo ;kfjp nzdo ub/ rJ/. gfjo/dkoK B/ th wkwbk skoB tkb/ ;wMe/ o'e Bk brkJh.

nZr/ wZ;k ozxV BF/ #u r[ZN j' e/ j[Zek gh fojk ;h. t/;tk dk Bku j'

* ies byrI dy Coty-Coty lwcIAW vrgy byr hox krky ies ƒ lwcI byr ikhw jWdw hY[

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(124) r[owfs frnkB

fojk ;h. fJj p/ndph d/y e/ f;zxK dk ]{B T[pkb/ yk T[fmnk. T[BQK B/p'ohnK wZ;/ d/ nZr/ ik oZyhnK. id gbzx #s/ p?mk wZ;k ozxV wkwb/ tkbhp'oh tZb M[fenk sK GkJh wfjskp f;zx B/ sbtko dk n?;k tko ehsk fe fJe'NZe Bkb wZ;/ ozxV dh X"D bkj fdZsh. T[; d/ ;kEh xpok e/ fJXo T[XoGZi T[m/. d'B'I f;zx gfjo/dkoK d/ ;zGbD s'I gfjbK jh wZ;/ dk f;o b? e/x'fVnK #s/ uVQ e/ jtk j' rJ/. bzpk ;\o sfj eoe/ d'jK :'fXnK B/ phekB/ogj[zu e/ wZ;/ dk f;o iE/dko d/ nZr/ ik oZfynk. \sfj d/ i?eko/ r{zi/ s/;{ofwnK B/ ;kps eo fdZsk fe nDyhbhnK e"wK nkgD/ gftZso r[oXkwK dhp/ndph BjhI ;fjD eo ;edhnK.

T[Xo wZ;/ dh w"s dk jkb ikD e/ bkj"o dk ;{pk }eohnk ]K nkg/ s'Ipkjo j' frnk. T[; B/ nzfwqs;o d/ fJod frod ;ko/ jh u"XohnK ~ j[ewukfVQnk fe wZ;/ d/ eksb ibdh cVQ/ ikD. izfvnkb/ d/ jfoGrs fBoziBhJ/B/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx d/ BK dh u[rbh ehsh. fJj ;[D e/ B{odhB dh ewkBj/m w[rab f;gkjhnK B/ fgzv whoKe'N ~ x/ok gk fbnk. GkJh wfjskp f;zxsK phekB/o tZb jh ubk frnk ;h. T[jBK dk g[Zso okfJ f;zx i' ;Zs e[ ;kbdk ;h, T[; dh pKj nkg B/ fgzv d/ g?Iu BZE/ yfjo/ ~ cVkJh ;h. B{odhBB/ fJj pZuk T[; d/ jtkb/ eoB bJh fejk, go BZEk yfjok s/ T[; d/;kEhnK B/ pZu/ dh oZfynk bJh :Z[ZX ehsk. BZEk s/ T[; d/ ;kEh wko/ rJ/ s/pZuk okfJ f;zx th ;]s cNV j' frnk. pZu/ ~ wfonk ;wM e/ f;gkjh ub/rJ/. T[j fJe ezp' fJ;soh B/ gkfbnk. fco tZvk j'fJnk ftnkfjnk frnks/ T[; dk g[Zso GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ j'fJnk i' f;Zy fJfsjk; dk wjkB b/yej'fJnk.

fJXo gzikp ftu d'BK :'fXnK dh EK-EK uouk j' ojh ;h s/ w[rab;oeko bJh pj[s tZvh tzrko ;h. ;zB 1745 ftu GkJh wfjskp f;zx ihnkgD/ gfotko ~ fwbD bJh fgzv nk rJ/. fe;/ B/ w[rabK gk; ik u[rabhehsh s/ T[j cVQ/ rJ/. bkj"o ftu T[jBK ~ uoyVh T[s/ ukfVQnk frnk s/ nZsd/ s;hj/ d/ e/ Fjhd eo fdZsk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx ih B/ eJh;kb pjkdoh tkb/ ekoBkw/ ehs/. T[; B/ nB/eK gzE fto'Xh w[ypoK ~;'fXnk. nzs okth ezY/ 1752 JhH ftu d[FwD Bkb fJe w[ZmG/V d"okB nkgB/ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.

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GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih (125)

fJjBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; jo :[Zr ftu }kbw bJh bbeko j? s/fJjBK dhnK tkoK i[rK i[rKsoK se rkJhnK iKdhnK ofjDrhnK.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx ih s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh pjkdoh dk fJfsjk;

nkgD/ FpdK ftu fpnkB eo'.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L wZ;k ozzxV e"D ;h <T[&&Zso L fJj wzfvnkbh fgzv dk u"Xoh ;h, fi; ~ }eohnk ]K B/ nzfwqs;o

dk e'stkb fB:[es ehsk. nmkothI ;dh d/ u"E/ djke/ ftu f;ZyKT[&&Zgo ;]sh dk d"o ;h. fJj ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ftu gbzx vkj e/p?fmnk ns/ j[Zek s/ Fokp ghIdk fojk. t/;tk dk Bku j'fJnk s/ fJ;B/ jzeko ftu p/ndph ehsh.

gqFB 2 L GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ wfjskp f;zx e"D ;B ns/ T[j ;qh jfowzdo;kfjp fty/ fet/I gj[zu/ <

T[&&Zso L GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx ih wkVh ezp'eh ns/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih Gzr{whoKe'N d/ ofjD tkb/ ;B. T[j }[bw d/ d"o ftu phekB/o s'I gzikptZb nkJ/. T[jBK B/ G/; pdb e/ d' p'ohnK mheohnK dhnK x'fVnKdhnK ekmhnK nZr/ oZy bJhnK ns/ ikgd/ ;B fe w[;bwkB Bzpodko}whB dk wkwbk skoB nkJ/ jB.

gqFB 3 L GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ wZ;k ozxV s'I fet/Ipdbk fbnk <

T[&Zso L fJj xNBk nr;s 1740 JhH dh j? id d'B'I f;zx ;qh jfowzdo;kfjp ih dh goeowk ftu dkyb j'J/. nkgD/ x'V/ doFBh fvT[Vhd/ pkjo bkuh p/oh Bkb pzBQ fdZs/. mheohnK dhnK p'ohnK wZ;/ ozxVgk; b? rJ/. id T[j gbzx #s/ p?mk wkwb/ tkbh p'oh tZb M[fenk sKGkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ s/r d/ fJe' NZe Bkb wZ;/ dh X"D bkj fdZsh.fco T[; dk f;o b? e/ x'fVnK #s/ uVQ e/ jtk j' rJ/.

gqFB 4 L GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh Fjhdh fet/I j'Jh <

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(126) r[owfs frnkB

T[&&Zso L d'B'I f;zx wZ;k ozxV dk f;o b? e/ sK phekB/o ;[oZfyns ub/ rJ/;B. ;zB 1745 ftu GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwbDbJh fgzv nk rJ/. fe;/ d'yh B/ u[rabh eoe/ fJBQK ~ geVk fdZsk.bkj"o ftu w[rabK B/ fJjBK ~ uoyVh T[s/ ukVQ e/ ns/ nZs d/ s;hj/d/ e/ Fjhd eo fdZsk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx ih B/ pj[spjkdoh Go/ ekoBkw/ ehs/ ns/ 1752 JhH ~ fJe tko w[rabK dh w[ZmG/Vftu Fjhd j' rJ/.

gqFB 5 L f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ b/ye GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ ih Bkb GkJh wfjskpf;zx ih dk eh foFsk ;h <

T[&&Zso L GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dk ;g[Zso GkJh okfJ f;zx fJe w[ZmG/V ftucZNV j' e/ th pu frnk ;h. T[; dh gkbDk g';Dk fJe ezp' fJ;sohB/ ehsh. id T[j ftnkfjnk frnk sK T[; d/ xo osB f;zx Gzr{ ihdk iBw j'fJnk. fJj f;Zy fJfsjk; dk wjkB b/ye j'fJnk, fi;B/ @gqkuhB gzE gqekF# fbfynk. fJ; ftu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I b? e/f;Zy fw;bK dh j'Id se fJfsjk; j?. foFs/ ftu GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{,GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dk g'sok ;h.

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S'Nk xZb{xkok (127)

Cotw G`lUGwrwS'Nk xZb{xkok (1746 JhH) L

;zB 1726 s'I 1745 se bkj"o dk ;{p/dko }eohnk ]K fojk. fJ; B/f;zxK T[&&Zgo pj[s }[bw ehs/. fJ; d/ gk; bygs okJ/ s/ i;gs okJ/ d' GokebkB"o d/ yZsoh t\kdko B"eo ;B. }eohnk ]K B/ bygs okJ/ ~ nkgDkt}ho pDk fbnk ns/ i;gs okJ/ ~ n?wBkpkd dk \"idko pDk fdZsk ;h.}eohnk ]K dh w"s s'I pknd T[; dk g[Zso :jhnk ]K bkj"o dk ;{p/dkopD frnk. T[; B/ th bygs s/ i;gs gk; T[j' gdthnK ofjD fdZshnK.:jhnk ]K th nkgD/ fgT[ tKr f;ZyK dk d[FwD jh fojk ns/ f;Zy th fJ;~ t?oh jh ;wMd/ ;B.

fJj xNBk iBtoh 1746 JhH dh j?, id fJe fdB f;zxK dk fJe N'bkw[rab f;gkjhnK d/ G/; ftu bkj"o w'oh dotk}/ okjhI ik dkyb j'fJnk.T[jBK B/ bkj"o ~ uzrh soQK b[ZfNnk. T[j uzrk wkb b[ZN e/ Fkjh \"i d/ T[mDs'I gfjbK jh okth ezY/ izrb ftu ik tV/. fJj ]po ;[D e/ :jhnk ]K nZrpp{bk j' T[fmnk. T[; B/ nkgD/ dhtkB bygs okJ/ ~ j[ew ehsk fe w/o/fJbke/ ftu'I f;zxK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdZsk ikt/. bygs okJ/ \"i b? e/ f;zxKd/ fgZS/ bZr frnk, go f;zx okth dk ezYk SZv e/ n?wBkpkd ~ ub/ rJ/.

fi; ;w/I f;zxK B/ bkj"o tZb n?wBkpkd dk o[] ehsk sK i;gs okJ/n?wBkpkd dk \"idko ;h. fe;/ B/ fJ; gk; fFekfJs ehsh fe d' j}kox'V-;tko f;zx ;kv/ fJbke/ ~ nk gJ/ jB. fJj ;[D e/ i;gs okJ/ B/ f;zxK~ j[ew G/fink fe fJE'I fBeb ikU, BjhI sK w?I p[oh eoKrk. nZr'I f;zxKB/ Bowh Bkb ;[B/jk G/fink fe n;hI fJe oks eZN e/ ub/ ikDk j? ns/ s[jkv/fJbke/ ftu fe;/ fe;w dh tXheh BjhI ehsh ikt/rh. i;gs okJ/ f;zxKBkb J/Bk fbjk} eoB tk;s/ th fsnko Bk j'fJnk. T[j r[Za;/ ftu e[M \"ib? e/ ns/ e[M wKrthI XkV d/ Bkb, jkEh T[&&Zgo ;tko j' e/ frnk. f;zxK ~uko u[c/foT[I x/ok gk e/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. g{oh m[e e/ bVkJh j'Jh. i;gs

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(128) r[owfs frnkB

okJ/ jkEh T[&&Zgo p?mk jZb/ eotk fojk ;h. ubd/ :Z[X ftu GkJh fBpkj{ f;zxozxo/Nk, i;gs d/ jkEh dh g{S cVQ e/ T[&&Zgo uVQ frnk s/ T[; B/ i;gsokJ/ dk f;o tZY fbnKdk. fJ; d/ f;o tZYD dh d/o ;h fe w[rab \"i s/wKrthI XkV ;G fsZso fpso j' rJh. T[; d/ f;gkjhnK ~ i;gs dh b'Eth Bk u[ZeD fdZsh. f;zxK B/ \sfj d/ Mzv/ rZv fdZs/. fco i;gs d/ r[o{pkpk feogk okw B/ gzi ;" o[gJ/ f;zxK ~ G/Nk eoe/ T[; dk tZfYnk f;otkg; fbnk. fJj xNBk cotoh-wkou 1746 JhH dh j?. fco f;zxK B/n?wBkpkd ~ fdb y'bQ e/ b[ZfNnk ns/ okth ezY/ MZb ftu ik gj[zu/.

id'I i;gs d/ woB dh ]po bkj"o gj[zuh sK T[; dk Gok bygsokJ/ s/ :jhnk ]K nZr Gp{ek j' T[m/. bygs B/ fgzvK s/ FfjoK ftu f;ZyKdh frq\skoh dk j[ew eo fdZsk. ]kb;k db d/ fgZS/ seVh \"i G/ih rJh.p/nzs p/r[Bkj f;zx, f;zxDhnK s/ pZu/ geV e/ bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/ ns/ esbeo fdZs/. f;ZyK d/ eJh jwdod b'eK B/ bygs ~ p/Bsh ehsh fe p/r[Bkjf;ZyK dk ]{B Bk ehsk ikt/, go T[; B/ fe;/ dh rZb Bk wzBh. bygs B/ fejkfe w?I f;ZyK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdnKrk. fJ; s'I gfjbK izrh f;Zy jh je{wsd/ pkrh ;wM/ iKd/ ;B, go nwB FKsh Bkb xoK ftu ofjD tkfbnK ~e[M th BjhI fejk iKdk ;h. j[D bygs B/ sK fJe tkfYT[I jh sbtko XobJh ;h. T[; B/ fJj th Yzv'ok fgNtkfJnk fe rzqE ;kfjp ~ g'Eh fejk ikt/ns/ r[V ~ o'Vh iK G/bh ej', feT[Ife r[V efjD Bkb f;ZyK d/ r[o{ dk G[b/ykg?Idk j?. e'Jh tkfjr[o{ Fpd th w[y'I Bk ej/ ns/ j[ew nd{bh eoB tkb/~ w"s dh ;}k fdZsh ikt/rh.

T[Xo i;gs ~ esb eoe/ ns/ n?wBkpkd b[ZN e/ f;Zy okth ezY/ MZbftu ik gj[zu/ ;B. fJj MZb s/ izrb jh T[; ;w/I f;zxK d/ tZv/ febQ/ ;B.f;zxK d/ db ftu T[; ;w/I ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH B"X f;zxF[eouZehnk, ;qH ;[Zyk f;zx wkVh ezp' ns/ ;qH r[ofdnkb f;zx vZb/tkbhnkd/ iZE/ ;B.

bygs s/ :jhnk ]K seVh \"i b? e/ f;zxK dk fgZSk eoB bJh uVQ/.f;zx MZbK ftu fSg p?m/ ;B. id f;zxK ~ ]po fwbh sK T[jBK B/ekj~tkB, p;"bh, gV'b s/ em{J/ tZb o[] ehsk. bygs B/ gjkV d/u"XohnK s/ BzpodkoK ~ j[ew ikoh ehsk fe T[j f;zxK ~ o'eD s/ fe;/ o;s/bzxD Bk d/D. bygs gk; x'V-;tko, g?db \"i s/ Gkoh s'g]kBk ;h,

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S'Nk xZb{xkok (129)

go fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ f;zxK gk; e[M th BjhI ;h, e/tb f;Zyh f;de s/ e"whi}pk ;h.

f;zxK B/ ekj~tkB d/ ;oezv/dko SzpK ftu ik gBkj bJh. fJj;zxDk izrb ;h s/ ;kr gZso yk e/ f;zxK B/ r[}kok ehsk. w[rab \"i B/izrb eZN e/ nZrK bk e/ th o;sk pDkfJnk. bygs dk fJokdk ;h fe]kb;k db ~ x/o e/ wkfonk ikt/. ]kb;/ bJh fpgsk dk ;wK ;h. fJesK frDsh E'Vh s/ d{ik izrh ;kwkB s/ ykD ghD dh ewh ;h. fJE/ f;zxSkgkwko bVkJh bVd/ ;B.

fJj nfijk fJbkek ;h, fiZE/ nZr/ gjkV, bfjzd/ tZb okth dfonk,uVQd/ pzB/ fpnk; s/ fJe gk;/ Fkjh \"i ;h. f;zxK B/ okth gko eoB dk:sB ehsk. gkDh dh vz{xkJh goyD bJh d' :'fXnK B/ okth ftu x'V/ m/bQfdZs/, go T[j x'fVnK ;w/s gkDh ftu o[VQ rJ/. id e[M f;zx p;"bh s/ em{J/tZb rJ/ sK nZr'I okig{sK B/ w[ekpbk ehsk ns/ i/ eo e[M f;zx gjkVK tZbfBeb/ sK gjkVhnK B/ jZbk eo fdZsk. j[D f;zxK B/ \?;bk ehsk fe nkjw';kjwD/ j' e/ bVhJ/ ns/ d[FwDK ftu'I okj pDk e/ nZr/ fBeb iktKr/.

f;ZyK dk w[Zy iZEk GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m bfVnk. T[j;?IefVnK dh frDsh ftu eZN wo/ ns/ T[jBK ftu'I e[M e?dh th pDk bJ/rJ/. GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx B/ }]wh bZs gZr gkV e/ x'V/ dh ekmh Bkb pZXh ns/fco th sbtko ubkT[Idk fojk. fJE/ fGnkBe :[ZX j'fJnk. ;ko/ f;Zy iE/uVQdh ebk Bkb bV/ ns/ d[FwD d/ nkj{ bkj ;[ZN/. pj[s f;zx FjhdhnKgk rJ/. e[M f;zx d[FwD dhnK \"iK ~ uhod/ wzvh s/ e[Zb{ tZb ub/ rJ/. e[MbVd/ fGVd/ fpnk; gko eoe/ d[nkp/ ik gj[zu/ ns/ eJh okth gko eoe/r[odk;g[o d/ fonkVeh fJbke/ ftu ub/ rJ/. T[&&Zgo'I i/m dk wjhBk s/ nZsdh rowh ;h. g?db f;zxK d/ sZgdh o/s B/ g?o b{j ;[ZN/ ns/ T[jBK B/ eZgV/gkV e/ g?oK Bkb pZX/. pj[s f;zx Fjhd j' rJ/ s/ pkeh tZy-tZy fdFktK ~fBeb rJ/. j[D bygs s/ :jhnk ]K nkgDh \"i ;w/s bkj"o ub/ rJ/. fJ;:[ZX ftu bygs dk g[Zso joGi okJ/ ns/ :jhnk ]K dk g[Zso Bkjo ]K thwko/ rJ/.

ekj~tkB s/ p;"bh d/ fJbke/ ftu j'Jh fJ; izr s/ esb/nkw ~S'Nk xZb{xkok fejk iKdk j?. fJj xZb{xkok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ tkgfonk.

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(130) r[owfs frnkB

fJ; ftu ;Zs j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/ ns/ fszB j}ko d/ eohp pzdh pDk e/bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/, fiZE/ T[jBK ~ s;hj/ d/ e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.

ekj~tkB f}bQk r[odk;g[o ftu fJe uzrk e;pk j?, i' ekdhnK s'Iuko e'j gjkV tZb j?. ekj~tkB ftu nekbh bfjo d/ fgZS'I nekbh iZE/B/, fJbke/ dhnK ;zrsK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb S'N/ xZb{xko/ d/ Fjhd f;zxK dh:kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDkfJnk ;h. fco gzikp dh nekbh ;oekoB/ fJE/ ;zB 2011 ftu Fjhdh ;wkoe pDkfJnk, i' ofjzdh d[BhnK se;z;ko Go d/ b'eK nZr/ T[jBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; d[jokT[Idk oj/rk.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) S'Nk xZb{xkok d/ fJfsjk; ~ nkgD/ FpdIK ftu fby'.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L S'Nk xZb{xkok ed'I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk <T[&&Zso L S'Nk xZb{xkok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ ekj~tkB d/ fJbke/ ftu

tkgfonk. fJ; ftu bygs okJ/ s/ :jhnk ]K B/ f;zxK T[&&Zgo jwbkehsk.

gqFB 2 L S'Nk xZb{xkok tkgoB dk eh ekoB pfDnK <T[&&Zso L iBtoh 1746 JhH dh xNBk j? fe f;zxK dk fJe ek\bk n?wBkpkd

tZb frnk. i;gs okJ/ n?wBkpkd dk \"idko ;h. T[; B/ jzeko ftuf;zxK T[&&Zgo jZbk p'b fdZsk s/ fJ; izr ftu i;gs okJ/ wkfonk frnk.fco T[; d/ Gok bygs okJ/ B/ pdb/ dh GktBk Bkb f;zxK T[&&Zgo tZvkjwbk ehsk.

gqFB 3 L S'N/ xZb{xko/ ;w/I ]kb;k \"i ftu fejV/-fejV/ iE/ ;B <T[&&Zso L T[; ;w/I f;zxK d/ db ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH B"X f;zx

F[eouZehnk, ;qH ;[Zyk f;zx wkVh ezp' ns/ ;qH r[ofdnkb f;zxvZb/tkbhnk d/ iE/ ;B.

gqFB 4 L S'N/ xZb{xko/ ftu f;ZyK dk fezBk e[ ikBh B[e;kB j'fJnk <T[&&Zso L S'N/ xZb{xko/ ftu seohpB ;Zs j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/ ns/ fszB

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S'Nk xZb{xkok (131)

j}ko d/ eohp pzdh pDk e/ bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/, fiZE/ T[jBK ~ s;hj/d/ e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. fJ; soQK e[Zb d; j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/.

gqFB 5 L S'N/ xZb{xko/ dk ;EkB ns/ :kdrko pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <T[&&Zso L S'Nk xZb{xkok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ ekj~tkB fty/ tkgfonk.

ekj~tkB f}bQk r[odk;g[o ftu fJe uzrk e;pk j? i' ekdhnK s'I ukoe'j gjkV tZb j?. fJE/ nekbh bfjo d/ fgZS'I nekbh iE/ B/ fJbke/dhnK ;zrsK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDkfJnk ;h. fco2011 ftu gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/ S'N/ xZb{xko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kdftu @Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDkfJnk. fJj ofjzdh d[BhnK se ;z;ko God/ b'eK nZr/ T[jBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; d[jokT[Idk oj/rk.

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(132) r[owfs frnkB

v`fw G`lUGwrwtZvk xZb{xkok (1762 JhH) L

nmkothI ;dh dk f;Zy fJfsjk; tZv/ ;zxoF, izrK, ;kfenK s/xZb{xkfonK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?. fJ; ;dh ftu S'Nk xZb{xkok i{B 1746ftu tkgfonk ns/ tZvk xZb{xkok cotoh 1762 ftu tkgfonk. xZb{xkok dknoE, spkjh iK popkdh j?. S'N/ xZb{xko/ ftu d; j}ko d/ eohp f;zxFjhd j'J/ ns/ tZv/ xZb{xko/ ftu shj j}ko f;zx, f;zxDhnK, pZu/ s/ p}[orFjhd j'J/. fJ; bJh f;Zy e"w dh J/B/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ j'Jh esb/nkw s/FjhdhnK ~ tZvk xZb{xkok fejk frnk.tZvk xZb{xkok feT[I, fet/I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk L

tZvk xZb{xkok tkgoB s'I gfjbK fJ; d/; dk wzdk jkb ;h. BkdoFkjs/ nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ jwfbnK B/ w[rab ;kwoki s/ wojZfNnK dhFesh ~ sfj; Bfj; eo fdZsk ;h. 1761 JhH ~ npdkbh B/ wojZfNnK ~gkDhgs d/ w?dkB ftu p[oh soQK e[ub fdZsk ;h. T[; B/ y{p bZ[N wko ehsh,go id tkg; w[fVnk sK f;zxK B/ nkgDh j'Id dk nfj;k; eokT[D bJhT[; dk ;sb[i s'I nNe se fgZSk eoe/ szr th ehsk ns/ T[; dh b[ZN thehsh. Gkos dhnK pkJh ;" w[fNnkoK ~ T[; e'b'I S[vtk e/ xo' xohgj[zukfJnk. npdkbh d/ nNe dfonk gko eofdnK jh f;zxK B/ ;qH iZ;kf;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh nrtkJh j/m bkj"o #s/ ep}k eo fbnk ns/ f;Zekth ubkfJnk. nes{po 1761 ~ T[jBK nzfwqs;o ftu/ dhtkbh th X{w XkwBkb wBkJh. ;opZs ]kb;k B/ fJj th r[owsk ;'fXnk fe npdkbh d/jwkfJshnK ~ fNekD/ bkfJnk ikt/. fJ; ftu gfjbk Bzpo nkeb dk;izfvnkbhJ/ dk jh bZfrnk. ]kb;/ B/ izfvnkb/ ~ x/ok gk fbnk. T[; B/:edw npdkbh ~ fuZmh G/ih. fJXo ]kb;/ ~ ;{j fwb rJh sK T[jBK B/gfotkoK ~ ;[oZfyns EktK #s/ gj[zukT[D bJh x/ok u[Ze fdZsk ns/ ;ofjzdtZb ub/ rJ/.

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tZvk xZb{xkok (133)

id f;zxK dh fJ; uVQs dh ;{j npdkbh ~ gj[zuh sK T[j f;zxK dhb[ZN wko s'I d[yh sK gfjbK jh ;h. j[D T[j f;Zy Fesh ~ e[ubD bJh uVQfgnk. npdkbh dk fJj Gkos T[&&Zs/ S/tK jwbk ;h i' T[; B/ f;ZyK ~ ]sweoB bJh jh ehsk ;h.

fJ; soQK d/ jkbksK ftu r[Za;/ ftu Go/ ghs/ npdkbh B/ f;Zy Fesh~ ;dk tk;s/ ]sw eoB bJh seVk bFeo b? e/ gzikp tZb uVQkJhehsh. npdkbh B/ nkgDh \"i ~ j[ew fdZsk fe Gkosh fbpk; ftu i' thpzdk NZeo/ T[; ~ gko p[bk fdU. }?B ]K dh d/;h \"i ~ j[ew ehsk feT[j fBFkBh ti'I gZrK ftu jo/ gZs/ Nzr b?D. }?B ]K ;ofjzd dk jkew ;h.

fJXo f;zxK ~ th npdkbh d/ jwb/ dh ;{j fwb rJh ;h. f;zx,npdkbh Bkb f;ZXh \?;bke[zB NZeo b?D d/ o"n ftu ;B, go npdkbh dkNkeok eoB s'I gfjbK T[j nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ fe;/ ;[oZfyns ;EkB #s/gj[zukT[Dk pj[s }o{oh ;wMd/ ;B. fJj rZb f;zxK d/ nzdk}/ d/ T[bN j'rJh fe npdkbh pj[s s/}h Bkb 3 cotoh 1762 ~ bkj"o gj[zu frnk.izfvnkb/ dh ;{j T[; ~ fwb rJh fe f;Zy izfvnkfbT[I nZr/ wb/oe'Nb/ tZbub/ rJ/ jB. j[D T[j wb/oe'Nb/ d/ fJbke/ tZb tfXnk, fiZE/ f;Zy jkb/fJeZso jh j' oj/ ;B. f;zxK ~ nk; ;h fe T[j e[M fdB bkj"o nkokweo/rk. go T[; B/ nkgD/ ;kEhnK—tbh ]kB, GhyB ]K wb/oe'Nb/ tkb/s/ }?B ]K ;w/s seVh \"i Bkb f;ZyK ~ 5 cotoh 1762 ~ wb/oe'Nb/ d/ B/V/@e[Zg ojhV/# d/ n;EkB T[s/ x/ok gk fbnk. frnkBh frnkB f;zx ih B/npdkbh dh \"i dh frDsh v/Y bZy dZ;h j?. fJjBK s'I fJbktk j'o thw[;fbw u"Xoh s/ \"idkoK dh frDsh gk e/ ;koh \"i v/Y-d' bZy d/ brGrpD rJh. d{i/ gk;/ f;Zy \"i dh frDsh shj j}ko d/ eohp ;h ns/ pkehT[jBK d/ pkb pZu/, p}[or s/ fJ;sohnK ;B.

T[Xo npdkbh ~ nkgDh fiZs T[s/ g{ok jzeko ;h ns/ T[j f;ZyK dhj'Id ~ w[ezwb ]sw eoB bJh nkfJnk ;h. fJ; ;w/I db ]kb;k d/ w[ZyioB?b ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk, ;qH uVQsf;zx F[eouZehnk, ;H Fkw f;zx s/ pkeh ;odkoK B/ ftuko ehsh fenpdkbh Bkb f;ZXh NZeo b?D s'I gfjbK nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ poBkbk fty/gj[zuk d/JhJ/. T[E/ pkpk nkbk f;zx dk oki ;h. f;zxK ~ ftFtk; ;h fe T[E/

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(134) r[owfs frnkB

pZu/ s/ n"osK ;[oZfyns j'Dr/, go npdkbh s{\kB dh soQK wko' wko eodknk frnk. f;zxK B/ nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ ftueko b? e/ T[jBK d[nkb/ i[Mko{f;zxK dk x/ok xZs fbnk ns/ izr dh ewkB ;zGkb bJh. ni/ ]kb;k dbe[M d{o jh frnk ;h fe ndpkbh d/ ioB?b g{o/ i'F Bkb NZ[N e/ g? rJ/.j[D f;zx nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ th pukT[Id/ s/ d[FwD Bkb th i{Md/ ;B. fJ;soQK f;zxK dk pj[s B[e;kB j'fJnk. fco f;zxK B/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/d/ ;[Mkn T[&&Zgo g{o/ i'F Bkb ob e/ npdkbh dh \"i T[&&Zgo jwbk ehsk sKT[; dhnK \"iK s'pk s'pk eo T[mhnK.

fJ; s'I pknd npdkbh B/ nkgD/ ioB?bK ~ }'odko jwbk eoBbJh bbekfonk. npdkbh dh \"i, f;zxK tZb'I gfotkoK d[nkb/ pDkJ/ x/o/~ s'VB ftu ;cb j' rJh. fco d[FwD B/ fe;/ fpoX, pZu/ iK fJ;sohT[&&Zgo so; Bk ehsk ns/ E'V/ ;w/I ftu jh j}koK dh frDsh #u gfotkoK d/ihn esb eo fdZs/. fJXo f;Zy fw;bK d/ ;odkoK B/ th izrh ftT[IsnB[;ko fiZE/ nkgD/ nkg ~ pukfJnk T[E/ itkph jwb/ eoe/ npdkbh ~BkBh u/s/ eotk fdZsh.

seohpB thj whb d/ fJbke/ ftu bVh rJh fJ; fGnkBe izr ftunpdkbh dh \"i B/ g{oh p/ofjwh Bkb esb/nkw ehsk. oks g?D se f;zxKB/ thj whb ;\o sfj eo fbnk ;h. npdkbh dhnK \"iK th uko fdBK dhbVkJh ftu EZe e/ u{o j' rJhnK ;B. npdkbh th ;'u fojk ;h fe f;ZyK~ ysw eoBk T[; d/ tZ; dh rZb BjhI. nzs fgzv e[spk pkjwDhnK B/V/ fJeYkp #s/ ik e/ \"iK o[ehnK. fJE/ Ykp d/ fJe gk;/ f;zxK B/ gkDh gh e/ fgnk;p[MkJh ns/ d{i/ gk;/ n\rkB \"ih gkDh gh oj/ ;B. fJE/ n\rkBh \"iK o[erJhnK ns/ f;zx nkgDh puh tjho ~ b? e/ oks' oks poBkb/ ub/ rJ/. fJj5 cotoh dh izr F[o{ j'Jh 8 cotoh ~ ]sw j'Jh. f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu fJ;~ tZvk xZb{xkok fejk iKdk j?.

fJ; tZv/ xZb{xko/ ftu seohpB shj j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/. fJj f;ZyKbJh pj[s jh tZvh ;ZN ;h. fco th f;Zy uVQdh ebk ftu ;B. Fkw ~ ojokf;;kfjp d/ gkm s'I pknd T[jBK i?eko/ rik e/ tkfjr[o{ dk F[eokBk ehsk.fJ; ;w/I fJe fBjzr f;zx B/ T[&&Zuh ntk} ftu fejk L

sZs ykb;' ;' oj:' r:' ;[ y'N rtkfJ.sZs ykb;' ;' oj:' r:' ;[ y'N rtkfJ.sZs ykb;' ;' oj:' r:' ;[ y'N rtkfJ.sZs ykb;' ;' oj:' r:' ;[ y'N rtkfJ.sZs ykb;' ;' oj:' r:' ;[ y'N rtkfJ.

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tZvk xZb{xkok (135)

Gkt sZs ]kb;k ni/ uVQdh ebk ftu j? s/ ni/ sK y'N jh frnk j?.

fJj izr fezBh fGnkBe ;h fe id'I izr ]sw j'Jh sK ;qH iZ;k f;zxnkjb{tkbhJ/ d/ ;oho T[&&Zgo sbtkoK d/ 22 cZN ;B ns/ ;qH uVQs f;zxF[eouZehJ/ d/ ;oho T[&&Zgo 19 cZN ;B.

T[Xo npdkbh 3 wkou ~ bkj"o tkg; ubk frnk ns/ nkgDk gqGktgkT[D bJh bVkJh ftu wko/ rJ/ f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ 50 rZv/ bZd e/ bkj"o b?frnk. esb j'J/ f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ whBko T[;ko/ rJ/.

fJXo f;zxK dh db/oh ;h fe 8 cotoh 1762 ~ jkb/ xZb{xkok ]swj'fJnk s/ wJh 1762 ~ db ]kb;k B/ ;ojzd d/ Btkp ~ ik x/fonk. fJ;s'I gfjbK ng?qb 1762 ~ nzfwqs;o fty/ X{w Xkw Bkb ft;kyh th wBkJh.;G e[M ;[D e/ npdkbh b'jk bkyk j'fJnk fco nzfwqs;o T[&&Zgo uVQ e/nkfJnk s/ T[; B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp dhnK BhjK ftu pko{d Go e/ fJ;dh gftZso fJwkos Ykj fdZsh. ;o'to ~ e{V/ eoeN Bkb Go fdZsk.

fJE/ fJe fJfsjk;e xNBk tkgoh id pko{d Bkb ;qh jfowzdo;kfjp dh fJwkos T[vkJh sK fJe fJZN npdkbh d/ BZe T[&&Zgo tZih.npdkbh T[; ;w/I jzekfonk j'fJnk x'V/ #s/ ;tko j' e/ goeowk ftu fcofojk ;h. fJ; fJZN dk n?;k }]w j'fJnk i' fgZS'I Bk;{o pD e/ npdkbh dhw"s dk ekoB pD frnk. tZv/ xZb{xko/ dk f;ZNk fJj fBefbnk fe npdkbhew}'o jz[dk frnk s/ f;zx nZr/ Bkb'I j'o wip{s j' rJ/. e[M ;w/I pknd jhf;Zy Fesh B/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ o{g ftu ;G s'I FeshFkbh ]kb;koki dh BhIj oZy fdZsh, fi; B/ fco eJh djke/ oki ehsk.

tZv/ xZb{xko/ dk ;EkB wb/o e'Nbk s'I pkoQK e[ feb'whNo T[so tZbd' Bro e[Zg s/ ojhVk jB, i' B/V/ B/V/ jB. fJj f}bQk ;zro{o ftu g?Id/ jB.fJE/ gfjbK fgzv e[Zg fty/ fJe eko ;/tk tkb/ pkpk ih B/ r[od[nkok ;kfjpfsnko eotkfJnk ;h. fco 2011 ftu gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/tZv/xZb{xko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd ftu @Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDtkfJnk. fJj:kdrkoK i[ZrK i[rKsoK se e"wh tko;K ~ nkgD/ i'fXnK d/ fJfsjk; Bkbi'V e/ oZyDrhnK.

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(136) r[owfs frnkB

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) tZvk xZb{xkok feT[I, fet/I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk < fJ; ;zpzXh ukBDk

gkU.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L tZvk xZb{xkok ed'I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk ns/ fJ; ftu fezB/ f;Zy

Fjhd j'J/ <T[&&Zso L tZvk xZb{xkok 5 cotoh 1762 JhH ~ e[Zg ojhV/ fty/ tkgfonk.

nfjwdFkj npdkbh dk fJj Gkos T[s/ S/tK jwbk ;h i' f;Zy Fesh~ ]sw eoB bJh ehsk. fJ; ftu 30 j}ko d/ eohp f;Zy Fjhd j'J/.

gqFB 2 L tZv/ xZb{xko/ ;w/I npdkbh dk Nkeok eoB tkb/ fejV/ f;ZyioB?b ;B <

T[&&Zso L fJ; ;w/I db ]kb;k d/ w[Zy ioB?b ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk,;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk, ;qH uVQs f;zx F[eouZehnk (fJj wjkokikoDihs f;zx ih dk dkdk ;h), ;qH Fkw f;zx s/ j'o pj[s ;ko/ ;odko;B.

gqFB 3 L tZv/ xZb{xko/ ;w/I f;zx poBkb/ feT[I gj[zuDk ukjz[d/ ;B <T[&&Zso L T[; ;w/I f;zx, npdkbh Bkb NZeo sK b?Dh ukjz[d/ ;B, go T[jBK

d/ pkb-pZu/ s/ n"osK th Bkb ;B. poBkb/ pkpk nkbk f;zx dk oki;h. f;zxK ~ ftFtk; ;h fe T[E/ ;kv/ gfotko ;[oZfyns ofjDr/ ns/fco n;hI f;ZXh NZeo btKr/.

gqFB 4 L npdkbh B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp T[go jwbk feT[I ehsk <T[&&Zso L tZvk xZb{xkok cotoh 1762 ~ tkgfonk s/ ]kb;k gzE B/ ng?qb d/

wjhB/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp fty/ ft;kyh dk w/bk wBkfJnk. T[;~ikfgnk fe f;ZyK dh Fesh dk e/Ido jfowzdo j? s/ id se jfowzdo;kfjp j? sd se fJjBK dh pjkdoh s/ Fesh ]sw BjhI j' ;edh.xZb{xko/ s'I pknd T[j ni/ bkj"o mfjfonk ;h. T[; B/ fco ;qhjfowzdo ;kfjp dh gftZso fJwkos Ykj fdZsh s/ ;o'to g{o fdZsk.

gqFB 5 L fiZE/ tZvk xZb{xkok tkgfonk T[j ;EkB feZE/ j? s/ fejVh :kdrkopDh j? <

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tZvk xZb{xkok (137)

T[&&Zso L tZvk xZb{xkok 5 cotoh 1762 JhH ~ tkgfonk ;h. fJj ;EkBwb/oe'Nbk s'I pkoQK e[ feb'whNo T[so tZb fgzv e[Zg f}bQk ;zro{oftu j?. eZ[g s/ ojhVk d' fgzv B/V/-B/V/ jB. fJE/ gfjbK fJe eko ;/tk tkb/ pkpk ih B/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDtkfJnk ;h. fco 2011 ftugzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/ tZv/ xZb{xko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd ftu@Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDkfJnk. fJj :kdrkoK i[ZrK i[rKsoK se e"whtko;K ~ nkgD/ :'fXnK d/ fJfsjk; Bkb i'V e/ oZyDrhnK.

✫✫✫

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(138) r[owfs frnkB

f;Zy fw;bK Lf;Zy fw;bK Lf;Zy fw;bK Lf;Zy fw;bK Lf;Zy fw;bK L

AwhlUvwlIAw imslnkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L

f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dk f;Zy gzE ftuseVk ;EkB ;h. fJ; fw;b dk w'Yh ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ;h. ;qHiZ;k f;zx dk iBw f}bQk bkj"o d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/ 3 wJh 1718 JhH ftu;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx ih @nkjb{# fgzv d/ j'D eoe/T[jBK ~ nkjb{tkbhnk efjD bZr gJ/. nkg dh T[wo jkb/ gzi e[ ;kb dh;h id fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. fJjBK dh wksk s/ wkwk pkx f;zxnkg ~ r[o{ xo dh FoXk eoe/ d;w gksFkj ih dh ;[gsBh wksk ;[zdohih gk; fdZbh b? e/ rJ/. nkg dk pkbgB fdZbh jh phfsnk. T[E/ r[ow[yhs/ \ko;h GkFk d/ Bkb Bkb nkg B/ r[opkDh s/ r[o-fJfsjk; pko/ u'ykfrnkB gqkgs ehsk. id itkB j'J/ sK 1735 JhH ftu wksk ;[zdoh ih B/fJjBK ~ gzE dh ;fsekos j;sh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/fink. fJjBKgk;'I jh nkg B/ nzfwqs Sfenk ns/ jo gqeko d/ r[D gqkgs ehs/.

;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ nmkothI ;dh ftu j'J/ f;Zy ;zxoFftu pj[s jh wjZstg{oB :'rdkB gkfJnk. nkg ni/ thj e[ ;kbK d/ ;Bid BkdoFkj dh w[Vdh j'Jh \"i T[s/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m\"i T[s/ jZbk p'fbnk s/ eoko/ jZE ftykJ/. ;zB 1745 ftu nkg B/ nkgDk;[szso iZEk pDkfJnk. id 1746 ftu S'Nk xZb{xkok tkgfonk sK nkg B/seVh phosk fdykJh, feT[Ife T[; ;w/I f;Zy uko/ gkf;T[I jh fxo rJ/ ;B.

id 1748 JhH ftu t?;kyh tkb/ fdB 65 f;Zy iZfEnK ~ fwbk e/ Btkpeg{o f;zx ih B/ ;ko/ gzE dh fJe iE/pzdh db ]kb;k pDkJh sK ;qH iZ;kf;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;op ;zwsh Bkb iE/dko u[fDnK frnk. fco T[; d/wsfjs frnkoK fw;bK pDkJhnK rJhnK. pkjothI fw;b c{behnk fJjBK

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nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b (139)

frnkoK s'I tZyoh ;h, fi; dk pkBh ;qH nkbk f;zx gfNnkbk ;h.nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK #s/ pDh. T[IM fJfsjk;ekoKnB[;ko iE/ dk pkBh ;qH pkx f;zx ih i' ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ dk wkwk;h. id ifEnK dh EK fw;bK pDhnK sK fw;b dk iE/dko ;qH iZ;k f;zxEkfgnk frnk. ;qH pkx f;zx d/ e'Jh g[Zso BjhI ;h s/ T[; dh w"s s'I pknd;koh ikfJdkd dk wkbe ;qH iZ;k f;zx pfDnK.

T[; ;w/I Gkt/I ;kohnK fw;bK n}kd ;B, go gzE T[&&Zgo GhV ;w/I iKtZvh w[fjzw t/b/ ;kohnK jh ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh iE/dkoh j/m ezweodhnK ;B. ;qH iZ;k f;x jo w[fjzw ftu ;dk nZr/ j' e/ bfVnk. nzfwqs;odk jkew ;bkps ]K s/ w[bskB dk ;{p/dko Fkj fBtk} nkg d/ jZE'I esbj'J/. ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ ebkB"o s/ bkj"o th b[ZN/ s/ npdkbh d/ gzit/I jwb/;w/I NZeo bJh ns/ fijbw dfonk d/ ezY/ jwbk eoe/ pzdh fJ;sohnKS[vkJhnK.

nes{po 1761 JhH ~ dhtkbh tkb/ fdB ;w{j gzE B/ \?;bk ehsk febkj"o #s/ ep}k ehsk ikt/. f;zxK B/ ik bkj"o x/fonk ns/ ;{p/dko T[p?d]kB ~ Gik e/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ s]s #s/ fpmk e/ pkdFkj pDkfdZsk. Fkjh Ne;kb T[s/ ep}k eoe/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK T[&&Zs/ f;Zek th ubkfdZsk.

cotoh 1762 ftu tZv/ xZb{xko/ ;w/I npdkbh d/ Nkeo/ bJh db]kb;k dhnK ;kohnK fw;bK Fkfwb ;B. fJ; bVkJh ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/;oho T[s/ pkJh cZN bZr/, go nkg uVQdh ebk ftu oj/. fJjBK dh nrtkJhB/ e"w ftu Yfjzdh ebk BjhI nkT[D fdZsh.

iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;qH nkjb{tkbhnk dh nrtkJh j/m ;kohnKfw;bK B/ fwb e/ ;ojzd T[&&Zs/ jwbk ehsk. T[E'I d/ Btkp }?B ]K ~ wkow[ekfJnk. ;ojzd dh fJZN Bkb fJZN yVek e/ ]kb;/ B/ fco ep}k ehsk.npdkbh B/ 1762 JhH ftu ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp dh gftZso fJwkos YkjfdZsh ;h s/ nes{po 1764 ftu ;qH nkjb{tkbhnk B/ fco fsnko eotkJh.;zB 1777 JhH ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ fJpokjhw GZNh ~ jko d/ e/ eg{oEb/ ~nkgDh okiXkBh pDkfJnk. nzs 20 nes{po 1783 JhH ~ ;qH iZ;k f;zxnkjb{tkbhnk nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK dk ;;eko

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(140) r[owfs frnkB

pkpk nNb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk. nkg T[&&Zu/ bzw/ doFBh f;zx;B s/ ;koh T[wo raohpK d/ jwdod oj/. ;qH iZ;k f;zx dhnK d' bVehnK;B, fJ; bJh T[jBK s'I pknd nkg dk uu/ok Gok ;qH Gkr f;zx fw;bdkopfDnK. Gkr f;zx dh 1801 ftu w"s j' rJh sK T[; dk bVek \s/ f;zxfw;b dh rZdh #s/ p?mk. fJj wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih dk gZr tN fwZso;h s/ ;dk jh t\kdko fojk. id fJj 1837 JhH ftu ubkDk eo frnk sKfJjBK dk g[Zso ;qH fBjkb f;zx ikrho dk wkbe pfDnK. wjkokik B/fBjkb f;zx ~ eg{oEb/ dk okik pDk fdZsk. ;zB 1846 ftu nzro/}K s/ f;ZyKdh izr ;w/I eg{oEbk fonk;s nzro/} ;oeko dh ;ogq;sh j/m nk rJh.nzro/}K s/ f;ZyK dh d{ih izr ;w/I okik fBjkb f;zx B/ nzro/}K dh wddehsh. ;zB 1852 ftu okik fBjkb f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[; dk g[Zso ;qHoDXho f;zx eg{oEb/ dk okik pfDnK. 1870 ftu oDXho f;zx dh w"s s'IfgS'I T[jBK dk bVek yVe f;zx rZdh #s/ p?mk. 1877 ftu yVe f;zx dhw"s s'I fgZS'I T[jBK dk 5 ;kb dk bVek irsihs f;zx oki rZdh #s/ p?mk.fJjBK d/ oki ekb ftu eg{oEbk fonk;s dk seVk ftek; j'fJnk.1948 ftu fJ; fonk;s ~ g?g;{ ftu Fkwb eo fbnk s/ wjkokikirsihs f;zx ~ T[g-oki gqw[Zy pDkfJnk frnk. ;zB 1949 ftu fJjBKdh w"s s'I pknd fJjBK dk bVek gowihs f;zx oki ;Zsk dk nfXekohpD frnk. id 1955 ftu fJjBK dh w"s j'Jh sK nkg dk bVek ;[yihsf;zx oki gfotko dk w[yh pfDnK. 1 Btzpo 1956 ~ g?g;{ ~ gzikp ftu;w' fdZsk frnk sK gzikp dhnK fonk;sK dh j'Id ;EkJh s"o #s/ ]sw j'rJh.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh fdU.

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

f;zxg[ohnk fw;b (141)

isMGpurIAw imsl

f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh Lf;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftZu'I fJe fw;b f;zxg[ohnk fw;b d/ BkT[I

Bkb ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; dh ;EkgBk eoB tkbk Btkp eg{o f;zx ;h. ;qHeg{o f;zx dk iBw 1697 JhH ~ F/y{g[o d/ fJbke/ fgzv ekb/e/ fty/ u"Xohdbhg f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. id nkg itkBh dh T[wo/ gzEe ekoiK ftu bZr/sK fJjBK B/ nzfwqs;o d/ B}dhe c?}[bk ]kB tb'I t;kJ/ j'J/ \?}[bkg[okBkT[I d/ e;p/ T[&&Zgo ep}k eo fbnk ns/ T[; dk BK @f;zxg[ok# oZfynk.fJjBK d/ iZE/ ~ f;zxg[ohnK dk iZEk fejk iKdk ;h. fco fJ;/ jh BK T[&&Zs/f;zxg[ohnk fw;b ekfJw j'Jh. e[M fJfsjk;eko fJ; ~ \?}[bkg[oh fw;bth efjzd/ jB. ;qH eg{o f;zx ih dhnK pugB s'I jh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B.fJjBK B/ 1721 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ t?;kyh #s/ j'J/ nzfwqs ;zuko ;w/IGkJh wBh f;zx ih d/ jZE'I nzfwqsgkB ehsk. Go itkBh dh T[wo ftu fJjBKB/ fgzv-fgzv nB/eK B"itkBK ~ g/qo e/ f;zx ;ikfJnk. fJjBK dhnK i[Mko{o[uhnK s/ e"wh fgnko eoe/ ;fsr[oK dh feogk Bkb f;Zy gzE ftu seVhj'Id pDh.

1733 JhH ~ t?;kyh #s/ ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;k fJeZsoj'fJnk. }eohnk ]K ;{p/dko bkj"o tb'I ;qH ;[p/r f;zx @Btkph# dk f]skps/ ikrho dk gNk b? e/ nkfJnk. bzph ftuko s'I pknd gzE B/ ;zrs ftu gZykMZb oj/ ;qH eg{o f;zx ih ~ Btkph dh f]bns (g'Fke) ;op ;zwsh Bkbd/ fdZsh. T[; fdB s'I pknd nkg Btkp eg{o f;zx eoe/ gqf;ZX j'J/.

nkg B/ f;Zy gzE ~ iE/pzd eoB bJh d' F/qDhnK pDk fdZshnK. fJj;B, @p[ZYk db s/ so[Bk db.# nkg d'jK dbK d/ ;KM/ iE/dko Ekg/ rJ/.fJjBK ftu f;Zyh gquko dk pj[s T[sFkj ;h. p/nzs b'eK B/ fJjBK d/ iZE/gk;'I nzfwqs Sfenk. nkg jo w[;hps ftu nZr/ j' e/ bV/. fdZbh b[ZN e/ w[Vd/

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(142) r[owfs frnkB

j'J/ BkdoFkj ~ fJjBK d/ iZE/ B/ b[ZfNnk ns/ pzXe w[fNnkoK ~ S[vk e/ xo'xohI gj[zukfJnk. nkg B/ 1748 ftu f;Zy gzE dh ;KMh iE/pzdh dk BK db]kb;k oZfynk. T[; dh ewKv sK Gkt/I ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ ~ ;"IgfdZsh, go ;ogq;sh fJjBK dh jh ojh.

Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ nkgD/ nXhB e/tb f;zxg[ohnk fw;b ~ oZfynk.fJj fw;b Gkt/I pj[s tZvh BjhI ;h, go nkg dh F];hns pj[s T[&&Zuh ;h.;ko/ ;odko nkg dh pj[s fJZ}s eod/ ;B. nkg jo e"wh izr ftu nZr/j' e/ i{M/, fJ; bJh nkg d/ ;oho T[&&Zgo }]wK d/ pj[s fBFkB ;B.

1753 JhH ftu nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/ ns/ 7 nes{po 1753 JhH~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg B/ nekb ubkD/ s'I gfjbKfJe gzEe fJeZm p[bk e/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ gzEe iE/dkoh ;"IgfdZsh ;h. Btkp eg{o f;zx d/ e'Jh n"bkd BjhI ;h. fJjBK s'I pkndf;zxg[ohnk fw;b dk w[Zyh ;qH y[Fjkb f;zx pfDnK. id npdkbh B"t/Ijwb/ fgZS'I tkg; frnk sK f;zxK B/ Bt/I fJbke/ wZbD/ F[o{ eo fdZs/. j[Df;zxg[ohnk fw;b gk; th ek\h fJbke/ ;B. ibzXo s/ j[fFnkog[o d/ e[MfjZ;/, ibzXo d[nkp ftu ykgVy/Vh, f;zxg[ok, pkoh d[nkp ftu np'jo,nkdwg[o, SZs pB{V, GosrVQ, nNZbrVQ nkfd. ;qH y[Fjkb f;zx wkbt/dhnK nB/e w[fjzwK ftu Fkwb fojk. fJjBK dh 1795 JhH ~ w"s j' rJhs/ fco T[; dk g[Zso ;qH p[ZX f;zx, f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dk w[yh pfDnK.

;qH p[ZX f;zx B/ fJe fJfsjk;e tke ~ ;Zu ehsk fe id'I gzuwgksFkj ih B/ ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp dk ;o'to pDkT[D bJh fJZNKgekJhnK sK fJbke/ dk u"Xoh B{odhB XZe/ Bkb u[etk e/ nkgD/ fgzv ;okJ/B{odhB b? frnk ;h. T[; B/ fJjBK fJZNK d/ nkgD/ wekB pDtk bJ/ ;B.;fsr[oK B/ puB ehsk fe ed/ e'Jh ;kvk f;Zy fJj fJZNK jZE' jZE fbnk e/fco ;o'to pDkt/rk. ;qH p[ZX f;zx f;zxg[ohnk T[&&Zgo ;fsr[oK dh feogkj'Jh s/ puB g{ok j'fJnk. T[jBK B/ B{odhB d/ wekB Ykj e/ T[j' fJZNK ;qhsoB skoB ;kfjp fbnk e/ ;o'to pDtkfJnk.

;qH p[ZX f;zx gfjbK e[M ;wK sK wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk ;fj:'rhfojk, go pknd ftu pkrh j' frnk. ;qH p[ZX f;zx dh fw;b d/ fJbke/;sb[i d/ d'B'I gk;/ ;B. ;sb[i s'I ;Zi/ gk;/ dk ;kok fJbkek F/o/ gzikp

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

f;zxg[ohnk fw;b (143)

B/ f;Zy oki ftu fwbk fbnk ns/ ;sb[i s'I gko tkb/ fJbke/ ~ ;wK gk e/nzro/}K B/ nkgD/ ep}/ ftu eo fbnk. ;qH p[ZX f;zx ih ;zB 1816 ftunekb ubkDk eo rJ/. fJ; soQK fJ; fw;b dh j'Id ]sw j' rJh. ;qH p[ZXf;zx d/ ;Zs bVe/ ;B. fJjBK dh ;zskB wB"bh tkb/ ;odkoK ti'I ikDhiKdh ojh j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) f;zxg[ohnk fw;b d/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(144) r[owfs frnkB

rwmgVHIAw imsl

okwrVQhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh Lf;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I fJe fw;b okwrVQhnk fw;b d/ BkT[I

Bkb ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; fw;b dh ;EkgBk ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ ehsh. ;qH iZ;kf;zx d/ dkdk ;qH jodk; f;zx B/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'I nzfwqs Sfenk;h. jodk; f;zx dk g[Zso GrtkB f;zx ;h, fi; d/ gzi g[Zso ;B—i?f;zx, iZ;k f;zx, y[Fjkb f;zx, wkbh f;zx s/ skok f;zx. fJjBK ftu'I ;qHiZ;k f;zx, wkbh f;zx s/ skok f;zx fszB/ Gok ;qH Bzd f;zx ;KxDhnK d/ iE/ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. ;qH Bzd f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd ;qH iZ;k f;zx iE/ dkiE/dko pfDnk.

;zB 1748 ftu nkgDh ;[oZfynk bJh f;zxK B/ nzfwqs;o ftu fJe eZuhtbrD fsnko ehsh s/ T[; dk BK okwokT[Dh oZfynk. id who wz~ d/ j[ewBkb ndhBk p/r B/ okwokT[Dh #s/ jwbk ehsk sK ;qH iZ;k f;zx T[; ;w/IndhBk p/r dh B"eoh eod/ ;B. ;qH iZ;k f;zx gfjbK d/ r[Za;/ frb/ fsnkre/ gzEe i}p/ Bkb f;zxK Bkb nk fwb/. fJ; ;w/I dhtkB e"Vk wZb B/okwokT[Dh dk \"ih x/ok T[mk e/ f;zxK Bkb ;[bQk eotk fdZsh ;h. fcookwokT[Dh d/ ;EkB #s/ fJe febQ/ dh T[;koh ehsh rJh ns/ fJ; dk BK u"E/gksFkj ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih d/ Bkw #s/ okwrVQ oZfynk frnk. gzE B/ fJjfebQk ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ jtkb/ ehsk. id fco fw;bK dh ;EkgBk j'Jh sK;qH iZ;k f;zx dh fw;b ~ okwrVQhnk fw;b dk BK fdZsk frnk.

;qH iZ;k f;zx soykD f;Zy ;h, fJ; bJh ;ko/ jh soykD f;Zy fconkgD/ nkg ~ okwrVQhJ/ nytkT[D bZr gJ/. okwrVQhnk fw;b ~ soBkdb ftu Fkwb ehsk frnk.

;qH iZ;k f;zx F[o{ s'I jh seVk pjkdo s/ fBvo i'Xk ;h. r[o{ Go';/ tkbk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

okwrVQhnk fw;b (145)

s/ r[opkDh dk B/wh ;h. nkgDh pjkdoh ekoB db ]kb;k ftu fJjBK dkftF/F ;EkB pD frnk. nkg jo gzEe w[fjzw ftu nZr/ j' e/ i{M/. ;qH iZ;kf;zx B/ eBQJhnk fw;b d/ ;odko i? f;zx Bkb fwb e/ r[odk;g[o f}bQ/ dkpj[s ;kok fJbkek fiZfsnk s/ nkgDh fw;b dh fonk;s ekfJw ehsh.1764 JhH ftu id f;ZyK B/ }?B ]K ~ wko e/ ;ojzd dk fJbkek tzfvnk sKokwrVQhnk fw;b B/ T[; ftu'I fJbkek BjhI wZfbnk ;r'I T[jBK B/fonkVeh s/ fpnk; d/ d'jhI gk;hI ek\h fJbkek nkD wZfbnk ;h. ;zB 1769ftu fJjBK gk; d; bZy dk fJbkek ;h.

okwrVQhnk fw;b B/ j'oBK fw;bdkoK Bkb fwb e/ nfjwdFkjnpdkbh Bkb eJh bVkJhnK bVhnK. ;zB 1776 fty ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnks/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh nkg;h NZeo j' rJh sK fJ; NZeo ftuokwrVQhJ/ p[oh soQK jko rJ/ s/ fco fj;ko tZb ub/ rJ/. ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ fj;kod/ jkew ~ esb eoe/ fJe gzvs dhnK d' bVehnK S[vkJhnK. fJe tkohfdZbh #s/ jwbk eoe/ w[rabK dhnK uko s'gK y'j fbnkfJnk.

1783 JhH ftu iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh w"s s'I pknd ;qHokwrVQhnk gzikp tZb gos nkJ/. fco fJjBK B/ r[odk;g[o, ibzXof}fbQnK d/ eJh fJbke/ nkgD/ ep}/ ftu eo bJ/ ns/ eKrVk, B{og[o,wzvh s/ uzp/ d/ gjkVh okfinK s'I f]oki (N?e;) b?Id/ ;B.

;zB 1803 ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk nekb ubkDk eo rJ/.T[jBK s'I pknd T[jBK dk bVek ;qH i'X f;zx okwrVQhnk fw;b dk nkr{pfDnK. ;qH iZ;k f;zx dh w"s s'I gfjbK jh fJ; fonk;s dk ek\h fjZ;k ;dke"o d/ ep}/ ftu nk frnk ;h, i' eBQJhnk fw;b dh nkr{ ;h. fJ; bJh;qH i'X f;zx B/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh B"eoh eo bJh. ;szpo 1815 JhHftu ;qH i'X f;zx nekb ubkDk eo frnk. T[; d/ e'Jh g[Zso BjhI ;h, fJ;bJh T[; d/ tko;K dh nkg; ftu bVkJh fSV gJh. wjkokik oDihs f;zxB/ T[; dk ofjzdk fJbkek th }ps eoe/ nkgDh fonk;s ftu fwbk fbnk.i'X f;zx dh ftXtk s/ d' j'o dknt/dko tho f;zx s/ dhtkB f;zx ~ ikrhod/ fdZsh. fJ; soQK okwrVQhnk fw;b dh j'Id jh ]sw j' rJh. nzfwqs;oftu okwrVQhnK dk eNVk s/ p[zrk gqf;ZX jB.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) okwrVQhnk fw;b d/ fJfsjk; pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(146) r[owfs frnkB

imsl ShIdW

fw;b FjhdK dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh Lf;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I fJe fw;b FjhdK tkbh fw;b eoe/

ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; fw;b d/ pkBh pkpk dhg f;zx ih ;B. pkpk ih d;wgksFkj ih d/ j}{oh f;zxK ftu'I ;B. nkg ih dk iBw 1682 JhH ~ fgzvgj{ftzv, f}bQk nzfwqs;o fty/ j'fJnk. (T[; ;w/I fJj f}bQk bkj"o ;h) pkpkdhg f;zx ih B/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'I nzfwqs Sfenk. nkg jo :[ZX ftuFkwb j'J/. id d;w gksFkj ih B/ 1706 JhH ftu ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp fty/fBtk; ehsk sK pkpk dhg f;zx ih T[jBK dh ;/tk #u oj/. fco id r[o{ ihBKd/V tZb ub/ rJ/ sK pkpk ih B/ dwdwk ;kfjp fty/ jh fNekDk ehsk.T[E/ T[jBK B/ fJe y{j btkfJnk, i' ni/ th w"i{d j?. d;w gksFkj ihB/ ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp fty/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh phV d[pkok ;zgkdseotkJh ;h. pkpk dhg f;zx ih B/ T[; s'I nkgDh ;z[do fbykJh ftu uko;o{g fsnko ehs/. T[jBK ftu'I fJe ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp nzfwqs;o, fJe;qh gNBk ;kfjp, fJe ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp ns/ fJe ;o{g ;qh dwdwk;kfjp fty/ ;[F'fGs ehsk. pkpk dhg f;zx ih fiE/ ;{opho i'X/ ;B T[E/nkgD/ ;w/I d/ wjkB ftdtkB ;B.

id pkpk pzdk f;zx ih pjkdo gzikp ftu nkJ/ sK pkpk dhg f;zxih nkgDk iEk b? e/ T[jBK Bkb ik ob/. pkpk ih jo/e izr ftu nZr/ j'e/ i{M/. fJ; eoe/ nkg d/ iE/ dk Bkw FjhdK dk iEk g? frnk s/ pkpk dhgf;zx ih dk bep Fjhd jh g? frnk. pkpk pzdk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pkndnkg fco ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp jh ik fNe/. id'I 1748 JhH ~ fw;bK pDhnKsK FjhdK dh fw;b d/ iE/dko pkpk dhg f;zx ih pD/. fJ; fw;b ftuf}nkdkso fBjzr f;zx ;B. fJjBK dk w[Zy fNekDk ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp ;h.

id nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ ioB?b ijkB ]kB B/ \"i b? e/

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

fw;b FjhdK (147)

nzfwqs;o #s/ uVQkJh ehsh, T[; t/b/ pkpk r[opyF f;zx ih ;qh jfowzdo;kfjp dh okyh eo oj/ ;B. T[j nkgD/ E'V/ fij/ ;kEhnK d/ jz[fdnK f;ZXhNZeo b? e/ Fjhd j' rJ/. T[jBK dh :kdrko ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp ih d/B}dhe j?.

fco ijkB ]kB B/ ;qh nzfwqs;o T[&&Zgo ep}k eo fbnk. T[; B/ ;qhnzfwqs;o ;o'to g{o fdZsk ns/ eJh r[od[nko/ th Ykj fdZs/. id fJj ]po;qh dwdwk ;kfjp gj[zuh sK pkpk dhg f;zx ih B/ T[E'I dh ;/tk nkgD/ Gshi/GkJh ;Zdk f;zx ~ ;"Ig fdZsh. nkg B/ fJ; p/-ndph dk pdbk b?D dk gqDehsk s/ nodk;k ;'X e/ gzi ;" f;zxK dk iZEk b? e/ ;qh nzfwqs;o tZb uVQkJhehsh. o;s/ ftu j'o f;zx obd/ rJ/ ns/ nzfwqs;o se gj[zufdnK d; j}kof;zx j' rJ/.

T[Xo'I bkj"o d/ ;{p/ ~ th ;{j fwb rJh fe f;Zy dhtkbh d/ ;w/I ;qhnzfwqs;o fty/ fJeZm/ j' oj/ jB. T[jB/ bkj"o ftu ijkd dk n?bkB ehsk.11 Btzpo 1757 JhH ~ r'bQtV d/ e'b ijkB ]kB s/ ]kb;k \"i dh f;ZXhNZeo j'Jh. f;zx ;fji/-;fji/ bVd/ nrKj tXd/ rJ/. id pkpk ih okw;o;kfjp tkb/ ;EkB se gjz[u/ sK d'BK ioB?bK ijkB ]kB s/ pkpk dhg f;zxih dh f;ZXh NZeo j'Jh. n?;k ;KMk tko j'fJnk fe d'jK ioB?bK d/ f;o bZErJ/. fJE'I pkpk dhg f;zx ih B/ brGr tZy j' u[Ze/ ;h; ~ yZp/ jZE Bkb;KfGnk s/ fco bVd/ j'J/ ;qh dopko ;kfjp ih dh gqeowk ftu gj[zu e/nkgDh ehsh j'Jh nodk; d/ p'b g[rkJ/ ns/ Fjhdh gk rJ/. pkpk dhg f;zxih dk Fjhdh p[zrk ;qh dopko ;kfjp dh gqeowk ftu pfDnK. nkg ih dkFjhd rzi ;qh okw;o ;kfjp gk; j?, fiE/ nkg dh d/j dk ;;eko ehskfrnk ;h.

pkpk dhg f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd ;qH ;Zdk f;zx fw;b d/ w[yhpD/. ;zB 1762 ftu de'j/ gk; gmkDK Bkb bVd/ ;Zdk f;zx Fjhd j' rJ/sK fw;b dk w[yh eow f;zx pfDnK. fw;b FjhdK ftu T[j Bkwto;odko j'fJnk. tZv/ xZb{xko/ ftu T[j pj[s pjkdoh Bkb bfVnk. id'Ip[ZYk db s/ soBk db d' iZE/ pD rJ/ sK fJj fw;b p[ZYk db ftu Fkwbj' rJh. id iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;ojzd dh bVkJh ftu }?B ]K ~ wko e/f;zxK B/ T[; d/ fJbke/ T[&&Zgo ep}k ehsk sK fw;b FjhdK gk; uzr/ fJbke/nk rJ/.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(148) r[owfs frnkB

;zB 1784 ftu ;qH eow f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[jBK dk tZvk g[Zso;qH r[bkp f;zx fw;b FjhdK dk w[yh pfDnK. ;zB 1809 ftu nzro/}h;oeko B/ wkbt/ dhnK ;kohnK fonk;sK nkgD/ nXhB oZfynk ftu b?bJhnK. ;zB 1844 ftu r[bkp f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd, fJjBK gk; i'irho ;h, T[; dk wkbe fFtfeogkb f;zx pD frnk. fJj nzro/} ;oekodh wdd eodk fojk. fw;b FjhdK dh j'Id sK 1809 ftu jh ]sw j'rJh. ;zB 1871 ftu fFtfeogkb f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[jBK dk g[Zso;qH ihtB f;zx ikrho dk tko; pfDnK. fJj xokDk Fkj}kdg[ohJ/ ;odkonytkT[Idk j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) fw;b FjhdK d/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh ukBDk gkU.

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r[od[nko/ (149)

e[M ftfFnK dk nfXn?B Le[M ftfFnK dk nfXn?B Le[M ftfFnK dk nfXn?B Le[M ftfFnK dk nfXn?B Le[M ftfFnK dk nfXn?B L

gurduAwryr[od[nkok L—

f;Zy gzE s/ f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dk pj[s fBnkoks/ T[&&Zuk ;EkB j?. r[od[nkok s'I Gkt, @r[o{ dk xo, r[o{ d/ okjhI, r[o{ dhwko\s nkfd.# f;Zy gzE ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp fe;/ Fpd d/ noEK se jh;hws BjhI j? ;r'I f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp nB/eK jh noEK ~ gqrNeodk j?.

GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk ih B/ r[od[nko/ dh gqhGkFk s/ ;o{g ;pzXhfbfynk j?, @@r[od[nkok ftfdnkoEhnK bJh ;e{b, nksw ifrnk;{nKbJh frnkB T[gd/Fe, o'rhnK bJh ;k\k]kBk, G[ZfynK bJh nzBg{oDk,fJ;soh iks dh gZs bJh b'jwJh d[or ns/ w[;k\oK bJh ftFokw n;EkBj?.##

f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nko/ dh wo:kdk s/;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dk ;fseko L

f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dh wo:kdk s/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko ;pzXh f;Zy ;wki ~ @r[od[nko/# f;ob/y j/m fJT[I;wMkfJnk frnk j? L★★★★★ r[opkDh dk n;o ;kX ;zrs #u p?fmnK tX/o/ jz[dk j?. fJ; bJh f;Zy

bJh T[fus j? fe f;Zy ;zrsK d/ i'V-w/b d/ n;EkBK-r[od[nkfonKd/ doFB eo/ s/ ;kX ;zrs ftu p?m e/ r[opkDh s'I bkG T[mkt/.

★★★★★ r[od[nko/ ftu ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dk gqekF fBsk-gqsh j't/. fpBK]k; ekoB d/ (id fe gqekF ikoh oZyD dh b'V j't/) oks ~ gqekFBk oj/. nkw s"o #s/ ojokf; d/ gkm wro'I ;[Zy-nk;B ehsk ikt/. id

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(150) r[owfs frnkB

se rzqEh iK ;/tkdko ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh ;/tk bJh jk}o ofj;e/ iK gkmhnK, doFB eoB tkfbnK dh nktkikJh oj/ iK p/ndphdk ysok Bk j't/, sd se gqekF oj/. T[gqzs ;[Zy-nk;B eo d/DkT[fus j? sK i' p/ndph Bk j't/.

★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih ~ ;BwkB Bkb gqekfFnk, gfVQnk s/ ;zs'fynkikt/. gqekF bJh }o{oh j? fe ;EkB ;k\ ;[Eok j't/. T[&&Zgo uKdBh j't/.gqekF wzih ;kfjp #s/ ;k\ ;[Eo/ p;so ftSk e/ ehsk ikt/. ;qh r[o{ rzqE;kfjp ih ~ ;zGkb e/ gqekFB bJh rd//b/ nkfd ;fwnkB tos/ ikDns/ T[&&Zgo bJh o[wkb j't/. id gkm Bk jz[dk j't/, sK T[&&Zs/ o[wkb fgnkoj/. gqekF t/b/ u"o Gh ukjhJ/.

★★★★★ T[&&Zgo dZ;/ ;kwkB s'I fJbktk X{g iK dht/ wuk e/ nkosh eoBh, G'rbkT[Dk, i'sK irkT[DhnK, NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd eow r[owfsnB[;ko BjhI. jK, ;EkB ~ ;[rzfXs eoB bJh c[Zb, X{g nkfd;[rzXhnK tosDhnK fttofis BjhI. ewo/ nzdo o"FBh bJh s/b, xhiK w'wpZsh, fpibh, b?Ig nkfd irk b?D/ ukjhd/ jB.

★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ tkeo (s[Zb) fe;/ g[;se ~ n;EkgB BjhIeoBk. r[od[nko/ ftu e'Jh w{osh-g{ik iK j'o r[owfs d/ fto[ZX e'Jhohsh iK ;z;eko Bk j't/, Bk jh e'Jh nBws dk fsT[jko wBkfJnkikt/. jK, fe;/ w"e/ iK fJeZsqsk ~ r[owfs d/ gquko bJh tosDk n:'rBjhI.

★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ gzx{V/ d/ gkftnK ~ w[ZmhnK GoBhnK, ezXKiK EfVQnK #s/ BZe orVBk iK w[ZmhnK GoBhnK, wzih ;kfjp j/mKgkDh oZyDk, r[od[nkfonK ftu w{oshnK (p[Zs) pBkDhnK iKoZyDhnK, r[o{ ;kfjpkB iK f;Zy p}[orK dhnK s;thoK nZr/ wZE/N/eD/, fJj' fij/ eow wBwZs jB.

★★★★★ fJe s'I d{ih EK ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp b? ikD t/b/ nodk; eoBh ukjhJ/.fi; B/ f;o #s/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih u[Zfenk j't/, T[j Bzr/ g?ohI ub/,go i/eo fe;/ w"e/ i'V/ gkT[D dh nfs b'V g? ikt/ sK Gow BjhIeoBk.

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r[od[nko/ (151)

★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih ~ nodk;k ;'X e/ gqekF ehsk ikt/. gqekF eoBt/b/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftu'I fJe Fpd dk tke fbnk ikt/.

★★★★★ id ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh ;tkoh nkt/ sK Gkt/I nZr/ gqekF j'fJnkj't/ iK Bk, jo fJe f;Zy ~ ;BwkB bJh T[&&Zm yb'Dk ukjhJ/.

★★★★★ r[od[nko/ nzdo ikD bZfrnK i'V/ pkjo bkj e/, ;[Eok j' e/ ikDkukjhJ/, i/ g?o w?b/ iK rzd/ j'D, sK ib Bkb X' b?D/ ukjhJ/. ;qh r[o{rzqE ;kfjp ih nEtk r[od[nko/ ~ nkgD/ ;Zi/ gk;/ oZy e/ gqeowkeoBh ukjhJ/.

★★★★★ r[od[nko/ nzdo doFBK bJh ikD bJh fe;/ d/F, w}Qp, ikfs tkb/~ wBkjh BjhI, go T[; d/ gk; f;Zy Xow s'I fttofis, swke{ nkfde'Jh uh} BjhI j'Dh ukjhdh.

★★★★★ r[od[nko/ nzdo ik e/ f;Zy dk gfjbk eow ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih nZr/wZEk N/eDk j?. T[gzqs r[o{ o{g ;kX ;zrs d/ doFB eo e/ ;fji Bkb@tkfjr[o{ ih ek ]kb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj# p[bkJh ikt/.

★★★★★ ;zrs ftu p?mD bJh Gh f;Zy-nf;Zy, S{s-Sks, iks-gks, T{u-Bhu dk Gow iK ftseok BjhI eoBk.

★★★★★ fe;/ wB[Zy dk ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I iK ;zrs ftu rd/bk, nk;D,e[o;h, u"eh, wzik nkfd bk e/ p?mDk iK fe;/ j'o ftseo/ Bkb p?mDkwBwZs j?.

★★★★★ ;zrs ftu iK ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I fe;/ f;Zy ~ Bzr/ f;o BjhI p?mDkukjhdk. ;zrs ftu f;Zy fJ;sohnK bJh godk eoBk iK x[zv eZYDkr[owfs fto[ZX j?.

★★★★★ jo fJe r[od[nko/ ftu fBFkB ;kfjp fe;/ T[&&Zuh EK #s/ bZrk j't/.fBFkB ;kfjp d/ g[Fke/ dk ozr p;zsh iK ;[owJh j't/ ns/ fBFkB;kfjp d/ f;o/ T[&&Zs/ ;opb'j dk Gkbk iK yzvk j't/.

★★★★★ r[od[nko/ ftu Brkok j't/, i' ;w/I f;o tikfJnk ikt/.nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—

(T) r[od[nko/ s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nko/f;ob/y j/m o'}kBk dh wo:kdk s/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko;pzXh eh T[gd/F j? <

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(152) r[owfs frnkB

muKvwk lYx dI ivDI

w[ytke, tke b?Dk iK j[ew b?Dk ;G dk Gkt fJe jh j? fe ;qh r[o{rzqE ;kfjp ih ftu'I fgnko GktBk Bkb fJe Fpd dk gkm ;[DBk iK eoBk.T[Ii sK ;w[Zuh r[opkDh jh ;qh w[ytke s/ j[ew o{g j?. fJj ;kv/ ihtB ~;ztkodh s/ ;/X p]Fdh j?. n;hI jo j[ew iK w[ytke ~ ;fs eoe/ wzBDk j?.

f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu w[ytke b?D dh ftXh @j[ew b?Dk# f;ob/yj/m f;Zy ;wki ~ fJT[I ;wMkJh rJh j? L★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih nZr/ wZEk N/eDk r[o{-o{g ;zrs d/ ndp Bkb

doFB eoB/ s/ ntk}k b?Dk iK ;[DBk, ;fsr[o{ d/ doFB jB. tkeb?D s'I fpBK ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dk o[wkb u[Ze e/ doFB eoBk iKeotkT[Dk wBws j?.

★★★★★ ;zrs ftu fJe tes fJe' rZb j'Dh ukjhJ/ ehosB iK eEk, tfynkBiK gkm.

★★★★★ dhtkB ;w/I ;zrs ftu ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh skfpnk e/tb f;Zy(wod iK shth) jh p?mD dk nfXekoh j?.

★★★★★ ;zrs ~ gkm e/tb f;Zy jh eo e/ ;[Dkt/. nkgD/ nkg bJh gkm e'Jhr?o-f;Zy Gh eo ;edk j?.

★★★★★ @j[ew# b?D bZfrnK yZp/ gzB/ d/ T[sb/ gkf;UI gfjbk Fpd i' ikohj?, w[ZY s'I gVQBk ukjhJ/. i/ T[; Fpd dk w[ZY fgSb/ gzB/ s'I F[o{ j[zdkj? sK gZsok gos e/ gVQBk F[o{ eo' ns/ Fpd ;kok gVQ'. i/ tko j't/sK gT[Vh d/ ;ko/ ;b'e s/ gT[Vh gVQBh ukjhJ/. Fpd d/ nzs ftu fiE/@BkBe Bkw nk ikt/, T[; s[e #s/ G'r gkfJnk ikt/.

★★★★★ dhtkB dh ;wkgsh iK G'r dk nodk;k j' e/ nzsw j[ew fbnk ikt/.nfGnk bJh gqFB L—

(T) w[ytke s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu j[ew b?D dh ehftXh ;wMkJh rJh j? <

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;kXkoB gkm (153)

swDwrn pwTfe;/ Xow rzqE ~ gVQB dh fefonk ~ gkm eoBk fejk iKdk j?. n;hI

f;Zy ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih s'I gkm eod/ jK. i/ eo @;kXkoB# dk noE eohJ/sK ;kXko s'I Gkt j?, @nk;o/ ;fjs# ns/ ;kXkoB s'I nkXko ;kfjs eoBtkbk, nk;ok d/D tkbk j?. ;zy/g FpdK ftu fijVk gkm, id'I th ;wKfwb/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih s'I eo fbnk ikt/ T[; ~ @;kXkoB gkm# iK @;fjigkm# fejk iKdk j?. fJ; soQK n;hI ;fji Bkb r[opkDh dk F[ZX T[ukoB,FpdK d/ Gkt noE ns/ r[opkDh T[gd/F ~ tXhnk Yzr Bkb ;wM ;ed/jK.

f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu ;kXkoB gkm dh wjZssk s/ wo:kdk fJ;soQK ;wMkJh rJh j? L★★★★★ jo fJe f;Zy ~ tZ; bZr/, nkgD/ xo ftu ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/

gqekF eoB dk tZyok s/ Bt/ebk ;EkB fB:s eoBk ukjhJ/.★★★★★ jo fJe f;Zy f;ZyDh, pZu/ pZuh ~ r[ow[yh gVQ e/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp

ih dk gkm eoBk f;ZyDk ukjhJ/.★★★★★ jo fJe f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd SeD s'I gfjbK ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp

ih dk @j[ew# bt/. i/ fJ; ftu T[ekJh j' ikt/ sK fdB ftu fe;/ Bkfe;/ t/b/ }o{o ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dk gkm eo/ iK ;[D/. ;\o nkfdn"eV t/b/ doFB eoB s'I n;woE j't/ sK Fzek BjhI eoBh.

★★★★★ uzrk sK fJj j? fe jo fJe f;Zy nkgDk ;kXkoB gkm ikoh oZy/ s/wjhB/ d/ wro'I (iK fisB/ ;w/I ftu j' ;e/) G'r gkt/.

★★★★★ gkm nkozG eoB ;w/I gqFkfd fbnk e/ nBzd ;kfjp (gfjbhnK gzigT[VhnK s/ fJe nzsbh gT[Vh) d/ gkm wro'I nodk;k eoe/ j[ewb?Dk ukjhJ/. c/o ig[ ih ;kfjp dk gkm eoBk ukjhJ/.nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—

(T) ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu @;kXkoBgkm# f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh wjZssk s/ wo:kdk eh ;wMkJh rJh j? <

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(154) r[owfs frnkB

AKMf pwTnyzv s'I Gkt j?, fJe o;, brksko i' yzfvs Bk j't/. fJ; gqeko nyzv

gkm, T[j gkm j? i' gqkozG s'I b? e/ G'r g?D se ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih s'Ibrksko uZbdk oj/.

f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu nyzv gkm f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh wo:kdkfJT[I fpnkB ehsh rJh j? L★★★★★ nyzv gkm fe;/ GhV iK T[sFkj t/b/ ehsk iKdk j?. fJj seohpB 48

xzN/ ftu ;zg{oB ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; ftu gkm brksko fpBK o'e d/ehsk iKdk j?. gkm ;k\ s/ F[ZX j't/. pj[s s/} gVQBk, fi; s'I ;[DBtkbk e[M ;wM Bk ;e/, r[opkDh dh fBokdoh j?. nZyo wkso dkfXnkB oZy e/, gkm F[ZX s/ ;k\ eoBk ukjhJ/, Gkt/I ;wK e[M tXhebZr ikt/.

★★★★★ nyzv gkm fi; gotko iK ;zrs B/ eoBk j?, T[j nkg eo/, NZpo d/fe;/ nkdwh, ;ke ;zpzXh, fwZso nkfd fwb e/ eoB. gkmhnK dhfrDsh w[eZoo BjhI.

★★★★★ i/ e'Jh nkdwh nkg gkm BjhI eo ;edk sK fe;/ uzr/ gkmh e'b'I ;[Dbt/, go fJj Bk j't/ fe gkmh nkg/ fJeZbk pfj e/ gkm eodk oj/ s/;zrs iK NZpo dk e'Jh nkdwh Bk ;[Ddk j't/. gkmh dh :Ek-FefsG'iB p;so nkfd Bkb :'r ;/tk ehsh ikt/.

★★★★★ nyzv gkm iK j'o fe;/ soQK d/ gkm t/b/ e[zG, i's, BbhJ/o nkfd oZyDkiK Bkb-Bkb iK ftu ftu fe;/ j'o pkDh dk gkm ikoh oZyDk wBwZs j?.nyzv gkm dk nozG L—nyzv gkm t/b/ eVkj gqFkfd j't/, c/o nBzd

;kfjp (S/ gT[VhnK) dk gkm eoB wr'I nodk; eo e/ ns/ @j[ew# b? e/gkm dk nkozG ehsk ikt/.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu @nyzv gkm#

f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh eh wo:kdk ;wMkJh rJh j? <

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G'r (155)

Bog

G'r s'I Gkt ;wkgsh iK nzs j?. ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ ;kXkoBgkm iK nyzv gkm dh ;wkgsh dh wo:kdk eh j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdkftu G'r f;ob/y j/m fJ; soQK ;wMkJh rJh j? L★★★★★ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ gkm (;kXkoB iK nyzv) dk G'r w[zdktDh

T[s/ iK okrwkbk gVQ e/ ubdh ;EkBe ohsh nB[;ko gkfJnk ikt/.(fJ; rZb pkps gzE #u ni/ se wsG/d j?, fJ; bJh okrwkbk s'IfpBK ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh phV fbyD iK SkgD dk jhnk e'JhBk eo/). fJ; s'I T[gzqs nBzd ;kfjp dk gkm eo e/ G'r dk nodk;kehsk ikt/ s/ eVkj gqFkfd toskfJnk ikt/.

★★★★★ G'r ;w/I ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh b'V nB[;ko o[wkb, u"o, ukBDhnkfd dh G/Nk ns/ gzEe ekoiK bJh :Ek-Fefs @nodk;# eokJhikt/.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) G'r s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu ;kXkoB gkm s/ nyzv

gkm d/ G'r dh eh wo:kdk j? <

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dh eh wjZssk j? <T[&&Zso L f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp nB/eK jh noEK ~ gqrN eodk

j?. GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk ih B/ fbfynk, @r[od[nkok ftfdnkoEhnKbJh ;e{b, nksw ifrnk;{nK bJh frnkB T[gd/Fe, o'rhnK bJh;\k]kBk, G[ZfynK bJh nzBg{oDk, fJ;soh iks dh gZs bJh b'jwJhd[or ns/ w[;k\oK bJh ftFokw n;EkB j?.

gqFB 2 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[opkDh dk n;o tX/o/ ed'I jz[dk j? <T[&&Zso L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[opkDh dk n;o ;kX ;zrs #u

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(156) r[owfs frnkB

p?fmnK tX/o/ jz[dk j?. fJ; bJh f;Zy bJh T[fus j? fe f;Zy ;zrsK d/i'V-w/b d/ n;EkBK-r[od[nkfonK d/ doFB eo/ s/ ;kX ;zrs ftup?m e/ r[opkDh s'I bkG T[mkt/.

gqFB 3 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ dht/ wuk e/nkosh eoBh iK NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd ;zpzXh eh T[gd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko X{g iK dht/ wuk e/ nkosh eoBh, G'rbkT[Dk, i'sK irkT[DhnK, NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd eow r[owfsnB[;ko BjhI. jK, ;EkB ~ ;[rzfXs eoB bJh c[Zb, X{g nkfd;[rzXhnK tosDhnK fttofis BjhI. ewo/ nzdo o"FBh bJh s/b, xhiK w'wpZsh, fpibh, b?Ig nkfd irk b?D/ ukjhd/ jB.

gqFB 4 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu p?mD tkfbnK bJh ehT[gd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L ;zrs ftu p?mD bJh Gh f;Zy-nf;Zy, S{s-Sks, iks-gks, T{u-Bhudk Gow iK ftseok BjhI eoBk. fe;/ wB[Zy dk ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/IiK ;zrs ftu rd/bk, nk;D, e[o;h, u"eh iK wzik nkfd bk e/ p?mDkiK fe;/ j'o ftseo/ Bkb p?mDk wBwZs j?. ;zrs ftu iK ;fsr[oK d/gqekF ;w/I fe;/ f;Zy ~ Bzr/ f;o BjhI p?mDk ukjhdk. ;zrs ftu f;ZyfJ;sohnK bJh godk eoBk iK x[zv eZYDk r[owfs fto[ZX j?.

gqFB 5 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu fJe ;w/I fejVh fJe' rZbj'Dh ukjhdh j? <

T[&&Zso L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu fJe tes fJe' rZb j'DhukjhJ/—ehosB iK eEk ftfynkB iK gkm.

gqFB 6 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko j[ewBkwk b?D ;zpzXh eh nkd/F j? <T[&&Zso L @j[ew# b?D bZfrnK yZp/ gzB/ d/ T[sb/ gkf;UI gfjbk Fpd i' ikoh

j?, w[ZY s'I gVQBk ukjhJ/. i/ T[; Fpd dk w[ZY fgSb/ gzB/ s'I F[o{ j[zdkj? sK gZsok gos e/ gVQBk F[o{ eo' ns/ Fpd ;kok gVQ'. i/ tko j't/sK gT[Vh d/ ;ko/ ;b'e s/ gT[Vh gVQBh ukjhJ/. Fpd d/ nzs ftufiE/ @BkBe# Bkw nk ikt/ T[; s[e #s/ G'r gkfJnk ikt/.

gqFB 7 L ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L ;zy/g FpdK ftu fijVk gkm, id'I th ;wK fwb/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp

ih s'I eo fbnk ikt/, T[; ~ ;kXkoB gkm iK ;fji gkm fejk iKdk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

;zy/g gqFB - T[&&Zso (157)

j?. fJ; soQK n;hI ;fji Bkb r[opkDh dk F[ZX T[ukoB, FpdK d/ GktnoE ns/ r[opkDh T[gd/F ~ tXhnk Yzr Bkb ;wM ;ed/ jK.

gqFB 8 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko jo/e f;Zy bJh nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkdSeD s'I gfjbK eh eoB dk nkd/F j? <

T[&&Zso L jo fJe f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd SeD s'I gfjbK ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjpih dk j[ew bt/. i/ fJ; ftu T[ekJh j' ikt/ sK fdB ftu fe;/ Bkfe;/ t/b/ }o{o ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dk gkm eo/ iK ;[D/. ;\o nkfdn"eV t/b/ doFB eoB s'I n;woZE j't/ sK Fzek BjhI eoBk.

gqFB 9 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;kXkoB gkm^nyzv gkm gqkozG eoBdh eh ftXh j? <

T[&&Zso L ;kXkoB gkm^nyzv gkm gqkozG eoB t/b/ eVkj gqFkd fbnk e/,c/o nBzd[ ;kfjp (gfjbhnK gzi gT[VhnK s/ fJe nzsbh gT[Vh) d/gkm wro'I nodk; eoe/ ns/ @j[ew# b? e/ gkm dk nkozG ehsk ikt/.

gqFB 10 L nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko fJ;dh eh wo:kdk j? <

T[&&Zso L nyzv s'I Gkt j?, fJe o; brksko i' yzfvs Bk j't/. fJ; gqeko nyzvgkm, T[j gkm j? i' gqkozG s'I b? e/ G'r g?D se ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ihs'I brksko uZbdk oj/. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm fe;/GhV iK T[sFkj t/b/ ehsk iKdk j?. fJj seohpB 48 xzN/ ftu ;zg{oBehsk iKdk j?.

gqFB 11 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm d/ ;w/I e[zG, i's oZyD;pzXh eh ftuko jB <

T[&&Zso L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm iK fe;/ soQK d/ gkm t/b/e[zG, i's, BbhJ/o nkfd oZyDk iK Bkb-Bkb iK ftu ftu fe;/ j'opkDh dk gkm ikoh oZyDk wBwZs j?.

gqFB 12 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;kXkoB iK nyzv gkm d/ G'r dheh wo:kdk j? <

T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ gkm (;kXkoB iK nyzv) dk G'r w[zdktDhT[s/ iK okrwkbk gVQ e/ ubdh ;EkBe ohsh nB[;ko gkfJnk ikt/.fJ; s'I T[gzqs nBzd ;kfjp dk gkm eo e/ G'r dk nodk;k ehsk ikt/s/ eVkj gqFkd toskfJnk ikt/.

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(158) r[owfs frnkB

ikrq krnIfJj nNZb ;ZukJh j? fe i/ eo f;Zy Xow dh ;w[Zuh f;Zfynk ~ fJe

fceo/ ftu dZ;Dk j't/ sK fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe f;Zyh—feos eoB,Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD dk Bkw j?. fJe f;Zy d/ ihtB ftu fszBK dk jhftF/F ;EkB j?. fJjBK fszBK ~ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fszB w[Zy T[gd/Fth fejk iKdk j?. fJjBK ftu'I feos ~ ;G s'I gfjbk ;EkB jk;b j?.feos s'I Gkt ezw, eow, fwjBs iK xkb ewkJh j?.

feos eoBh T[; nekb g[oy dk eoskoh r[D j?. T[j ;ko/ jh gk;ko/dk eosk j'D eoe/ fJe tZvk feosh j?. T[; eos/ dh feos ftu Bk fdBBk oks, Bk e'Jh S[ZNh s/ Bk e'Jh n?stko j?. nekb g[oy ouBk ekb d/nkfd s'I b? e/ fJe gb th ftjbk BjhI s/ ;dk jh ikrdk j?. f;Zy Xow d/pkBh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ T[; nekb g[oy d/ feosh ;[Gkn ~ jh nB[Gteoe/ T[; ~ eosk iK eosko fejk j?. wB[Zy T[; eosko dh nzF j?. fJ;gqeko fJ; d/ bJh feos eoBh }o{oh j? iK fJzM efj bJhJ/ fe fJ; d/ tk;s/feos eoBh Xow fBGkT[Dk s/ Xowh j'Dk j?. fco sK ;gZFN j? fe oZp ~wzBD tkbk ftjbV, ezw u'o s/ fBezwk BjhI j' ;edk ns/ i/ eo j? sK fcoT[j oZp ~ wzBD tkbk BjhI j' ;edk. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk c[owkB j? L

xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ– BkBe[ okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ–xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ– BkBe[ okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ–xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ– BkBe[ okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ–xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ– BkBe[ okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ–xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ– BkBe[ okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ–(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)

Gkt i' xkfb-feos ewkJh eoe/ nkgDk ihtB fBopkj eodk j?ns/ tzv e/ Sedk j?, n;b Xow dk okj T[; B/ gfjukfDnK j?.

fJ; bJh feos eoB tkb/ dk p/jZd ;fseko ehsk frnk j? ns/ftjbV iK fBezw/ ~ Xow s/ ;wki bJh p'M fejk j?. r[o c[owkB j? L

r[o gho[ ;dkJ/ wzrD ikfJ– sk e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ–r[o gho[ ;dkJ/ wzrD ikfJ– sk e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ–r[o gho[ ;dkJ/ wzrD ikfJ– sk e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ–r[o gho[ ;dkJ/ wzrD ikfJ– sk e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ–r[o gho[ ;dkJ/ wzrD ikfJ– sk e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ–(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)(gzBk 1245)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

feos eoBh (159)

Gkt e'Jh nkgD/ nkg ~ r[o{ gho nytk fojk j't/, go wzr e/ yKdkj't/ sK ;fsr[o{ ;[u/s eod/ jB fe nfij/ F]; dh f;Zfynk BjhI ;[DBh iKuoBhI BjhI bZrDk, feT[Ife fJj ;wki bJh p'M j?. f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko ftufeos iK fwjBs ;t?wkD dk gqshe j? ns/ Ghy wzrDK, d{finK dhfwjBs dh b[ZN iK ftjbVg[Dk nkfd ;G fBzdD:'r s/ xNhnk eowwzfBnK frnk j?.

j[D nrbk ;tkb j' ;edk j? fe feos eoBh fejVh j? < feosnB/e gqeko dh j?. fe;kB dk y/sh eoBk feos j?, w}d{o dk w}d{oheoBk feos j?, w[bk}w dk w[bk}ws eoBk feos j?, fJe gqukoe dkgquko eoBk feos j? ns/ fJe ftfdnkoEh bJh gVQkJh eoBk th feos j?.fJjBK ftu'I fijVk th fpBk T[dw ehfsnK \b dh nk; oZydk j?, T[jfeos dh GktBk ~ BjhI ;wM fojk j?. n;hI o'}kBk jh nk;k eh tko ftu;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ puB ;otD eod/ jK s/ gzikph b'e ne;o jhp'bd/ jB L

nkgD jEh nkgDk nkg/ jh eki[ ;tkohn?–nkgD jEh nkgDk nkg/ jh eki[ ;tkohn?–nkgD jEh nkgDk nkg/ jh eki[ ;tkohn?–nkgD jEh nkgDk nkg/ jh eki[ ;tkohn?–nkgD jEh nkgDk nkg/ jh eki[ ;tkohn?–(gzBk 474)(gzBk 474)(gzBk 474)(gzBk 474)(gzBk 474)

fJ; bJh n;hI d;K Bj[znK dh feos eoBh j?, fi; ftu X'yk, co/p,mZrh, m{zrk, p/JhwkBh s/ fwbktNy'oh Bk j't/, ;r'I JhwkBdkoh s/ ;wofgsGktBk j't/. fe;/ Bkb X'yk eoe/ iK }[bw eoe/ ewkfJnk j'fJnk XB ed/th ;[Zy BjhI fdzdk. nfij/ XB gqsh r[o{ ih ;[u/s eod/ jB L

gkgk pkMj[ j't? Bkjh w[fJnk ;kfE B ikJh–gkgk pkMj[ j't? Bkjh w[fJnk ;kfE B ikJh–gkgk pkMj[ j't? Bkjh w[fJnk ;kfE B ikJh–gkgk pkMj[ j't? Bkjh w[fJnk ;kfE B ikJh–gkgk pkMj[ j't? Bkjh w[fJnk ;kfE B ikJh–(gzBk 417)(gzBk 417)(gzBk 417)(gzBk 417)(gzBk 417)

fJ; bJh n;hI Xow dh feos eoBh j?. Xow dh feos iK ;Zuhfeos ;zpzXh n;hI fJe s;tho ne;o d/yd/ jK. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/fJe jZE ftu GkJh bkb' dh e'Xo/ dh o'Nh #u'I d[ZX Nge fojk ns/ d{i/ jZEftu wbe Gkr' d/ getkBK ftu'I bj{ Nge fojk j?. fJj r[o{ ih dh Gkt/In;bh s;tho BjhI j?, go i' d'jK jZEK ftu'I ;zd/F fdZsk j? T[j ;Zuh feosdh ftnkfynk dk ewkb j?. bj{ s'I Gkt fpBk fwjBs s'I pDk e/ ykX/ iKd/getkB p[fonkJh s/ p/rkBk ]{B ghD d/ gqshe jB. d[ZX s'I Gkt j? fe ;Zuhfeos d[ZX d/ ;wkB j?, fi; ftu gftZsosk, skes, Xow s/ ;z[dosk j?.

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(160) r[owfs frnkB

fJ; ;zpzX ftu n;hI r[opkDh dh gzesh ne;o jh gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK Li/ os[ br? egV? ikwk j'fJ gbhs[–i/ os[ br? egV? ikwk j'fJ gbhs[–i/ os[ br? egV? ikwk j'fJ gbhs[–i/ os[ br? egV? ikwk j'fJ gbhs[–i/ os[ br? egV? ikwk j'fJ gbhs[–i' os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[ fBowb[ uhs[–i' os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[ fBowb[ uhs[–i' os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[ fBowb[ uhs[–i' os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[ fBowb[ uhs[–i' os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[ fBowb[ uhs[–


Gkt i/ eo eZgfVnK ~ ]{B bZr ikt/ sK wB[Zyh ikwk rzdk fejkiKdk j? sK fco wB[ZyK dk ]{B ghD tkbk fet/I gftZso iK fBowb nytk;edk j?. ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh pkDh ftu feos ;zpzXh nB/e c[owkBjB ns/ d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ fJ; ;wki ~ ;Zuh feos eoB bJh g/qfonkj?.

fJ; bJh wkBtsk dh soZeh bJh feos }o{oh j?. wB[Zyh ;wki s/ gF{gzShnK d/ ;wki ftu fJe tZvk nzso fJjh j?. gF{ nkg e'Jh feos BjhI eod/iK T[jBK dh feos nkgDk fYZv GoB se ;hws ofjzdh j?. fco th ehVhnKdh bkJhB d/y', jw/FK jh e[M eo ojhnK jB. Ffjd dhnK wZyhnK Ffjddh sbkF ftu bZrhnK jz[dhnK jB s/ j'o gF{-gzSh fJXo-T[Xo joes eooj/ jB. wB[Zy ;kohnK i{BK dk ;odko j? s/ ;odkoK d/ \o} ;dk jh tZv/jz[d/ jB. wB[Zy ekdo dh e[dos ~ tZX ;wMdk j?. fJj T[; eos/ dh T[&&Zswfeos j?. fJ; ftu nkb; s/ fBezwkgD fpbe[b BjhI j'Dk ukjhdk.

f;nkfDnK dk eEB j?, @joes ftu poes# iK fco T[&&Zdw nZr/bZSwh gZy/ nZr/ gT[D. fJj ;G ftuko feos eoB bJh g/qod/ jB. f;ZyXow ftu feos dk ;zzpzX nfXnksfwe ihtB Bkb th j?, fJj e/tbgdkoEe bkG se jh ;hws BjhI j?. fJj oZph j[ew j? fe n;hI feoseohJ/, feT[Ife oZp ;dk jh fefonkFhb j?. i' nkdwh feos BjhI eod/ T[jnkgD/ ;oho ~ th szdo[;s BjhI oZy ;ed/. feosh wB[Zy seVk s/ szdo[;sofjzdk j?. feos wB[Zy ~ ftF/ ftekoK s'I pukT[Idh j?. nkgDh soZeh s/uVQdh ebk ftu ofjD bJh feos eoBh }o{oh j?. i/ eo ;ko/ b'e ;Zuhfeos eoB sK pj[s ;kohnK ;wkfie p[okJhnK ibdh d{o j' ;edhnKjB. sZs;ko ti'I wB[Zy d/ ihtB dhnK fszB tZvhnK FeshnK jB, @T[jdk;oho seVk j't/, wB ;[Zuk s/ T[gekoh j't/ ns/ T[j fJZ}s Bkb f}zdrhiht/. fJBQK fszBK jh FeshnK dk w[Zy nXko @feos# j?.

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feos eoBh (161)

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) @feos eoBh# ftF/ T[&&Zgo r[owfs d/ B}ohJ/ s'I ukBDk gkU <

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L f;Zy Xow dh ;w[Zuh f;Zfynk ~ fJe fceo/ ftu dZ;Dk j't/ sK eh

fejk ik ;edk j? <T[&&Zso L fejk ik ;edk j? fe f;Zyh—feos eoB, Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD

dk Bkw j?. fJjBK fszBK ~ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fszB w[Zy T[gd/Fth fejk iKdk j?.

gqFB 2 L feos s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L feos s'I Gkt—ezw, eow, fwjBs iK xkb ewkJh j?. fszB w[Zy

T[gd/FK ftu feos ~ ;G s'I gfjbk ;EkB jk;b j?.gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ nekb g[oy ~ eosk iK eosko feT[I

fejk j? <T[&&Zso L r[o{ ih B/ nekb g[oy d/ feosh ;[Gkn ~ nB[Gt eoe/ T[; ~ eosk

iK eosko fejk j?. wB[Zy T[; eosko dh nzF j? s/ fJ; d/ bJh feoseoBh nkgDk Xow fBGkT[Dk j?.

gqFB 4 L feosh wB[Zy szdo[;s feT[I ofjzdk j? <T[&&Zso L f;nkfDnK dk eEB j?, @joes ftu poes#. i' wB[Zy feos BjhI

eod/, T[j nkgD/ ;oho ~ th szdo[;s BjhI oZy ;ed/. fJ; bJhfeosh wB[Zy seVk s/ szdo[;s ofjzdk j?.

gqFB 5 L wB[Zyh ihtB dhnK fszB tZvhnK FeshnK fejVhnK jB <T[&&Zso L T[; dk ;oho seVk j't/, wB ;[Zuk s/ T[gekoh j't/ ns/ T[j fJZ}s

Bkb f}zdrh iht/. fJjBK fszBK jh FeshnK dk w[Zy nkXko @feos#j?.

✫✫✫

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(162) r[owfs frnkB

nwm jpxw

r[owfs dk d{ik w[Zy T[gd/F j?, @Bkw igDk#. gfjbk T[gd/F feoseoBh j?. feos eoBh jh fJ; eoe/ j? fe wB[Zy dk ;oho seVk oj/ ns/seV/ ;oho Bkb jh Bkw ifgnk ik ;edk j?. feos fJe t;hbk j? i' jowB[Zy bJh }o{oh j? s/ T[; dk ihtB fBFkBk Bkw igDk j?. f;Zy gzE o'}kBknodk; ftu dkBk f;o dkB—Bkw dkB dh i'dVh eodk j?.

Bkw eh j? < fe;/ g[oy, ;EkB iK t;s{ ~ fi; ;zfrnk Bkb n;hIg[ekod/ jK, T[; ~ BkT[I iK Bkw fejk iKdk j?. fJe rZb fXnkB wzrdhj? fe Bkw r[opkDh ftu e/tb ;zfrnk d/ noEK ftu jh BjhI nkfJnk, ;r'IBkw fJe ftnkge Fesh th j?. c[owkB j? L

Bkw e/ Xko/ ;rb/ izs– Bkw e/ Xko/ yzv pqjwzv–Bkw e/ Xko/ ;rb/ izs– Bkw e/ Xko/ yzv pqjwzv–Bkw e/ Xko/ ;rb/ izs– Bkw e/ Xko/ yzv pqjwzv–Bkw e/ Xko/ ;rb/ izs– Bkw e/ Xko/ yzv pqjwzv–Bkw e/ Xko/ ;rb/ izs– Bkw e/ Xko/ yzv pqjwzv–(gzBk 284)(gzBk 284)(gzBk 284)(gzBk 284)(gzBk 284)

;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ig[ ih ;kfjp ftu c[owkT[Id/ jB Li/sk ehsk s/sk BkT[– ftD[ Bkt? Bkjh e' EkT[– i/sk ehsk s/sk BkT[– ftD[ Bkt? Bkjh e' EkT[– i/sk ehsk s/sk BkT[– ftD[ Bkt? Bkjh e' EkT[– i/sk ehsk s/sk BkT[– ftD[ Bkt? Bkjh e' EkT[– i/sk ehsk s/sk BkT[– ftD[ Bkt? Bkjh e' EkT[– (gzBk 4)(gzBk 4)(gzBk 4)(gzBk 4)(gzBk 4)

Gkt fisBk e[S T[; gqG{ dk ofunk j'fJnk j?, T[sBk Bkw j? s/ Bkws'I fpBk e'Jh EK BjhI j?. @nk;k eh tko# ftu ;fsr[o{ c[owkT[Id/ jB fefBozeko B/ nkg f;qFNh ouBk eoe/ T[; d/ nkozG ftu Bkw ofunk j? L

nkghB? nkg[ ;kfiU nkghB? ofuU BkT[– nkghB? nkg[ ;kfiU nkghB? ofuU BkT[– nkghB? nkg[ ;kfiU nkghB? ofuU BkT[– nkghB? nkg[ ;kfiU nkghB? ofuU BkT[– nkghB? nkg[ ;kfiU nkghB? ofuU BkT[– (gzBk 463) (gzBk 463) (gzBk 463) (gzBk 463) (gzBk 463)

r[owfs ftu sK T[; wB[Zy ~ ihts wzfBnK frnk j?, fi; d/ wB ftugqG{ dk Bkw j?. fJ; s'I fpBk wB[Zy ihts BjhI fejk ik ;edk L

;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–(gzBk 142)(gzBk 142)(gzBk 142)(gzBk 142)(gzBk 142)

;kv/ ;wki d/ e[M gqshFs b'eK B/ fJj' Bkjok fdZsk fe wB[Zy dh b'Ve/tb o'Nh, eZgVk, wekB jh j?. fJ; s'I fpBk Bkw, dkB, fJFBkB,nfXnksfwe ihtB s/ Xow eow dh b'V jh BjhI j?. Gkt/I feos pj[s

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Bkw ikgDk (163)

wjkB j?, go fe;/ wBZ[y d/ ihtB ftu fJeZbh o'Nh jh g{o/ r[D BjhI g?dkeo ;edh. feos iK o'Nh se ;hws wB[Zy b'Gh, co/ph s/ wkfJnk fJeZmheoB tkbh wFhB pD e/ ofj ikt/rk. B?fse edoK ehwsK, ;[Eoh ihtBiku, b'e GbkJh, d:k, fBwosk, goT[geko dh GktBk g?dk eoB bJhGrsh dh th b'V j?. G'iB sB dh b'V j? s/ GiB wB dh b'V j?. j[D;tkb j? fe e'Jh wB[Zy d;K Bj[znK dh feos th eodk j't/, p/JhwkBh thBk eo/, sK eh T[; ~ th Bkw igD dh b'V j? <

fJ; ;tkb dk itkp n;hI ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk;ftu'I b?Id/ jK. gfjbh T[dk;h t/b/ r[o{ ih GkJh bkb' d/ xo rJ/ ns/c[owkfJnk fe GkJh bkb' ! ;koh T[wo feZb/ jh xVdk oj/Irk fe wB thxV/Irk. GkJh bkb' ih sK ;Zuh feos eod/ ;B. go r[o{ ih B/ c[owkfJnkfe feos d/ Bkb Bkb eos/ dk Bkw igDk th }o{oh j?. f;Zy Xow B/ feosBkb ehosh ~ i'fVnk j?. ;oho dh szdo[;sh s/ ihts ofjD bJh feoseoBh fJe ;kXB j?, go ihtB wB'oE Bkw igDk j?. GkJh bkb' ih tkbh;kyh pj[s tZvk T[gd/F j?.

;kv/ ;wki dk pj[sk tor XB wkb fJeZmk eoB ~ jh ihtB dhnzsw gqkgsh wzBh p?mk j?. fJ;/ bJh fJZehthI ;dh ftu ;G s'I tZX wkBf;eo'rh jB. pj[s/ o'rh th T[j jB fiBQK gk; ykX gdkoE th pj[s jB. wBB/ fNeDk j? Bkw igD Bkb s/ Bkw igD ~ pj[sk tor ;wK jh BjhIfdzdk. ;ob FpdK ftu ;wMDk j't/ sK ni'e/ :[r ftu sB dh y[oke s/ jkofFzrko dh g{oh d"V bZrh j'Jh j?, go wB dh y[oke s/ fFzrko dk f]nkbjh BjhI j?. wB dh y[oke Bkw j? s/ fJ; dk fFzrko th eos/ d/ f;woB Bkbj'Dk j?. n;hI ojokf; pkDh ftu gVQd/ jK L

BkBe Bkw[ fwb? sK ihtK sB[ wB[ Eht? jfonk–BkBe Bkw[ fwb? sK ihtK sB[ wB[ Eht? jfonk–BkBe Bkw[ fwb? sK ihtK sB[ wB[ Eht? jfonk–BkBe Bkw[ fwb? sK ihtK sB[ wB[ Eht? jfonk–BkBe Bkw[ fwb? sK ihtK sB[ wB[ Eht? jfonk–(gzBk 1429)(gzBk 1429)(gzBk 1429)(gzBk 1429)(gzBk 1429)

iK fco nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh ftu id gVQd/ jK sK ;zd/F fwbdk j? L;kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko';kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko';kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko';kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko';kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko';ku[ Bkw[ nXko[ w/ok fifB G[yk ;fG rtkJhnk– ;ku[ Bkw[ nXko[ w/ok fifB G[yk ;fG rtkJhnk– ;ku[ Bkw[ nXko[ w/ok fifB G[yk ;fG rtkJhnk– ;ku[ Bkw[ nXko[ w/ok fifB G[yk ;fG rtkJhnk– ;ku[ Bkw[ nXko[ w/ok fifB G[yk ;fG rtkJhnk– (gzBk 917) (gzBk 917) (gzBk 917) (gzBk 917) (gzBk 917)

;ZukJh fJj j? fe feos eoB s/ Bkw igD ~ tZy-tZy BjhI ;wMDk,;r'I fJj fJe jB. r[opkDh ftu d' GrsK dk tkoskbkg j? L

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(164) r[owfs frnkB

Bkwk ej? fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–Bkwk ej? fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–Bkwk ej? fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–Bkwk ej? fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–Bkwk ej? fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb– jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb– jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb– jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb– jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb– (gzBk 1376)(gzBk 1376)(gzBk 1376)(gzBk 1376)(gzBk 1376)

Gkt nkgDh feos eko eofdnK gqG{ dk f;woB th eoBk j?. BkwigfdnK n;hI r[opkDh dk gkm eod/ jK. Fpd Fesh th j? s/ i's th j?.fJj i's ;dk gqekFwJh j?. Bkw fJe nfijk gqekF j? fi; d/ ekoB wB[ZynfrnkBsk ~ ]sw eoe/ nkswk ~ gqekFwJh eodk j?. Bkw dh Fesh jhwB[Zy ~ nfj;k; eotkT[Idh j? fe wB[Zysk dk ftek; e/tb ;ohoe FeshBjhI, ;r'I nzdo{Bh u/sBk dh gfjukD eoBh j?. n;hI o'}kBk ig[ ih ;kfjppkDh dk gkm eod/ jK sK fJj' g/qoBk fwbdh j? L

Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr– Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr– Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr– Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr– Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr– (gzBk 4) (gzBk 4) (gzBk 4) (gzBk 4) (gzBk 4)

wB[Zy dh wbhB j'Jh wZs Bkw d/ ozr Bkb gftZso ehsh ik ;edh j?.Bkw igD Bkb j'o eh jz[dk j? < Bkw igD tkb/ ftu jT[w? BjhI ofjzdh.T[j oZph j[ew nB[;ko ihT{Idk j?. Bkw fjod/ ~ gftZso eodk j?. BkwwB[Zyh wB ~ ;kX e/ F[ZX eodk j?. Bkw dh Fesh fezBh j? < ;qh r[o{ r'fpzdf;zx ih ikg[ ;kfjp ftu c[owkT[Id/ jB L

Bw' wzsq wzszq– Bw' izsq izszq–Bw' wzsq wzszq– Bw' izsq izszq–Bw' wzsq wzszq– Bw' izsq izszq–Bw' wzsq wzszq– Bw' izsq izszq–Bw' wzsq wzszq– Bw' izsq izszq–Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq– Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq– Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq– Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq– Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq– (ikg[ ;kfjp)(ikg[ ;kfjp)(ikg[ ;kfjp)(ikg[ ;kfjp)(ikg[ ;kfjp)

Gkt gqG{ dk Bkw wzsoK, izsoK s/ szsoK s'I f;ow"o j?. Bkw jh fJ;NKf;o fJFN j? Gkt S'N/ S'N/ ebgs d/th-d/ts/, wVQh-w;kD, Xkr/-sths,N{D/ NkwD, tos, ;okX BjhI wzBD/, feT[Ife gqG{ d/ Bkw dh Fesh nZr/;G/ jh s[S jB. Bkw dh Fesh dk Go';k wB ftu oZyDk j?.

fJe rZb fXnkB ftu oZyDh fe nZi eZbQ d/jXkoh b'e ezBK #u Bkw dkBd/D dk tgko eo oj/ jB. f;Zy B/ e/tb ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh pkDh T[&&ZgofB;uk oZyDk j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko Bkw pkDh dk nfGnk; f;ob/yj/m doi j? fe, @f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ (gfjo oks ofjzd/) ikr e/ fJFBkB eo/ ns/fJe nekb g[oy dk fXnkB eodk j'fJnk @tkfjr[o{# Bkw ig/. fBsB/w dk gkmeo/. fBsB/w dhnK pkDhnK fJj jB—ig[, ikg[ ns/ À¿ ;tZ:/ (;qktr ;[Xtkb/)—fJj pkDhnK nfwqs t/b/ gVQBhnK. ;' do ojokf;—Fkw t/b/ ;{oi v[Zp/gVQBh. ;'fjbk fJj pkDh oks ~ ;"D t/b/ gVQBh. nzfwqs t/b/ ns/ ;' do t/b/d/ fBsB/w s'I T[gozs nodk; eoBh }o{oh j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Bkw ikgDk (165)

Bkw igD tkfbnK dh wfjwk fpnkB eod/ j'J/ r[o{ ih c[owkT[Id/ jBfe fiBQK B/ gqG{ d/ Bkw ~ fXnkfJnk, T[j nkgDh ewkJh ;\bh eo rJ/.;fsr[o ih eEB eod/ jB fe Bkw f;woB tkfbnK d/ sK w[Zy T[ib/ jz[d/jh jB, go T[jBK dh ;zrs eoe/ j'o fezBh d[BhnK iBw-woB d/ r/V s'Iw[es j' iKdh j?. fJj r[otke ;k~ Bkw igD bJh ;[u/s eodk j? L

fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– (gzBk 8) (gzBk 8) (gzBk 8) (gzBk 8) (gzBk 8)

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) @Bkw igDk# ftF/ ;zpzXh Gktg{ote ikDekoh fdT.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L r[owfs ftu fe; wB[Zy ~ ihts wzfBnK frnk j? <T[&&Zso L fi; d/ fjod/ ftu gqG{ dk Bkw tf;nk j?. c[owkB j? L-

;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–gqFB 2 L feos eoBh s/ Bkw igDk tZy-tZy BjhI, ;r'I fJe jB. fJ;

;zpzXh r[opkDh dk c[owkB fdU.T[&&Zso L Bkwk ej/ fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–

jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb–gqFB 3 L gqG{ Bkw dh Fesh ;zpzXh d;w gksFkj ih dk eh c[owkB j? <T[&&Zso L Bw' wzsq wzsqz– Bw' izsq izszq– Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq–gqFB 4 L r[owfs nB[;ko wB[Zy dh wbhB wZs fet/I gftZso j' ;edh j? <T[&&Zso L wB[Zy dh wbhB wZs Bkw d/ ozr Bkb gftZso j' ;edh j?. c[owkB j? L

Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr–gqFB 5 L Bkw igD tkb/ dh wfjwk ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh ftu fet/I fpnkB

ehsh j? <T[&&&Zso L fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–

BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb–Gkt fiBQK B/ Bkw ifgnk, T[BQK d/ w[Zy sK T[ib/ j[zd/ jh jB, go T[BQKdh ;zrs eoe/ nB/eK j'o iBw woB d/ r/V s'I w[es j' iKd/ jB.

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(166) r[owfs frnkB

vMf Ckxwr[owfs dk shik w[Zy T[gd/F @tzv SeDk# j?. wB[Zy ;z;ko ftu ofjzdk

j'fJnk ;Zuh ;[Zuh feos eo/ s/ feos eodk j'fJnk gqG{ dk Bkw ig/. BkwigfdnK T[jdh fJj GktBk gqgZe j't/rh L

ddk dksk J/e[ j? ;G eT[ d/tBjko–ddk dksk J/e[ j? ;G eT[ d/tBjko–ddk dksk J/e[ j? ;G eT[ d/tBjko–ddk dksk J/e[ j? ;G eT[ d/tBjko–ddk dksk J/e[ j? ;G eT[ d/tBjko–d/Id/ s'fN B nktJh nrBs Go/ Gzvko– d/Id/ s'fN B nktJh nrBs Go/ Gzvko– d/Id/ s'fN B nktJh nrBs Go/ Gzvko– d/Id/ s'fN B nktJh nrBs Go/ Gzvko– d/Id/ s'fN B nktJh nrBs Go/ Gzvko– (gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk 257)257)257)257)257)

Gkt ;G ~ dksK d/D tkbk fJe dksk j? s/ T[; eos/ d/ GzvkfonK ftufeXo/ s'N BjhI nkT[Idh. T[; eos/ dh o}k #u ofjD tkbk wB[Zy tzv e/SeDk nkgDk gow Xow ;wM/rk.

@tzv SeD# s'I Gkt nkgDh feos ewkJh d[nkok nkgDhnK gfotkoeb'VK ~ g{ok eoB d/ Bkb Bkb j'o b'VtzdK dh th wdd eoBh j?. ;fsr[oKdk c[owkB j? L

@xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ# @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ# @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ# @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ# @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ# (gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk 1245)1245)1245)1245)1245)

Gkt feos eoBh s/ e[M jZE'I d/ e/ tzv e/ th SeDk j?. fJ; Bkb fJesK wB[Zy dh fe;/ Bkb X'yk eoB iK F'FD eoB dh fposh ~ o'e g?Idh j?ns/ d{;ok i'V i'V e/ nzpko bkT[D dh o[uh ftu pdbkT[ nkT[Idk j?. tzvSeD Bkb XB gdkoEK gqsh p/b'Vk b'G ]sw jz[dk j?, i/ eo p/b'Vk b'GBjhI sK w'j th xN//rk. w'j xND Bkb jzeko BjhI j't/rk, feT[Ife b'G s/w'j dk shik o{g jzeko j?. fco jzekfonk s/ jT[w? rq;s pzdk e'qXh j[zdk j?.tzv SeD dh fposh Bkb fJjBK o'rK s'I pudk j? ns/ T[; ftu ;fjisk,fBwosk s/ dfJnk tZXdh j?. fJe uzr/ ;wki ftu raohp, b'Vtzd, ngkjis/ o'rh dh ;jkfJsk ;wki s'I tZX e/ e'Jh BjhI eo ;edk.

;z;koe sb #s/ ftuko eohJ/ sK e[M b'e pj[s nwho jB s/ e[M pj[sraaaohp jB. eJh tko raohp pzd/ ~ sK o'Nh th BjhI i[Vdh. fJ;/ soQK phwko~, ngkji s/ e[dosh nk\sK eoe/ N[ZN/ ;wki ~ ;jkfJsk dh b'V jz[dh j?.fJj ;jkfJsk e"D eo/ <

fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu dkB gqDkbh fJ; b'V dh g{osh eodh ;h. dkBs'I Gkt e'Jh th wB[Zy, Gkt/I fe;/ soQK th :'r iK n:'r feos eodk ;h sK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

tzv SeDk (167)

T[j dkB d/ s"o #s/ d{;fonK ~ fdzdk ;h. dkB eoB tkb/ Gb/ g[oF th ;Bns/ eJhnK d/ wB ftu jzeko th j' iKdk ;h. f;Zy Xow d/ ;Ekgs j'D s'IgfjbK Xkofwe d[BhnK ftu fJj ftFtk; fdqVQ ;h fe dkB d/Dk sK oZp d/yks/ ftu T[Xko gkT[Dk j?, i' eJh r[Dk tZX e/ fco dkB eoB tkb/ ~fwbdk j?. FkfJd fJ; d/ fgZS/ th GktBk uzrh jh j'trh fe seV/ b'e,raohpK b'VtzdK dh wdd eoB.

j[D nZr'I b'Vtzd d' gqeko d/ j' rJ/. fJe sK ftuko/ T[j ;B i'nzrjhD, fe;/ o'r s'I ghVs, bktko; iK fpoX T[wo ftu g/N dh g{osheoB i'r/ BjhI ;B. fJj sK jZedko ;B. d{;oh—szdo[;s, ftjbV s/F?skB b'eK dh T[j iwks g?dk j' rJh i' gkyzv eow eoe/ d[BhnK ~r[zwokj eoB bZr gJ/. fJj b'e dkBhnK ~ eJh r[Dk tZX fdtkT[D dkGo';k fdtkT[Id/ ;B. fJ; dk B[e;kB fJj j'fJnk fe dkB b'VtzdK sexZN iKdk ;h s/ tZvk fjZ;k gkyzvh b'e b? iKd/ ;B. fJj ;tor-Boe dhnKrZbK s/ c'eN eow eKvK Bkb nwhoK ~ rz[wokj eoe/ dkB ti'I b? b?Id/ ;B.

r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ fJ; soQK dkB d/ ;jko/ gbD tkbh ftjbV iwks s/;w{j ;wki ~ g/qos ehsk fe ;Zuk Xowh T[j j? i' feos eodk, Bkw igdks/ tzv e/ Sedk j?. tzv SeDk, dkB eoB Bkb'I tZyo/ Gkt noE oZydk j?.;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih ;[u/s eod/ jB L

nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[–nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[–nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[–nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[–nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[–nebh gfV_ e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[– nebh gfV_ e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[– nebh gfV_ e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[– nebh gfV_ e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[– nebh gfV_ e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[– (gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk 1245)1245)1245)1245)1245)

Gkt gqG{ dk f;woB eofdnK s/ dkB eofdnK wB[Zy dk ;[u/s j'Dk}o{oh j?. ftjbV s/ szdo[;s b'eK B/ gkyzv eow eoe/ ;wki ~ jo :[Zrftu pj[s r[zwokj ehsk j?. nkj Xkr/ sths eoB/, N{D/ NkwD, G{s eZYD/,Ugoh e;o, okFhnK, N/ftnK d/ Gow, izsoK wzsoK szsoK okjhI nkofEeb[ZN ;G ftjbV b'eK dk tZvk tgko j?.

f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ ofjws ehsh s/ r[opkDh ftu fJjBK ;G c'eNeow eKvK ~ gkyzv eow efj e/ ;wki ~ ;[u/s ehsk. j[D raohp,ngkji, o'rh s/ b'Vtzd dh sK }o{os j? fe ;wki T[; dh wdd eo/.;fsr[oK B/ d;tzX Gkt nkgDh ewkJh dk d;tK fjZ;k b'Vtzd ~ s/ Xoweow b/y/ bkT[D dh wo:kdk ekfJw ehsh. fJ;/ bJh fbfynk j[zdk j? fe

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(168) r[owfs frnkB

rohp dk w{zj, r[o{ dh r'be j?. fJ; d/ Bkb ;z;ko ~ g/qoBk fdZsh fe tzve/ SeD Bkb T[; gow fgsk dh fdZsh dks ftu s'N BjhI nkT[Idh, ;r'ItkXk jh jz[dk j?. c[owkD j? L

yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–(gzBk 186)(gzBk 186)(gzBk 186)(gzBk 186)(gzBk 186)

fJ; bJh gqG{ fgsk s'I fwbh j'Jh dks wB[Zyh GkJhuko/ ~ ob fwb e/]ouDh ukjhdh j?. fJ; f;XKs Bkb ;w{j ;wki dk nkg;h fwbtosDtXdk j?. dksk sK fJe gqG{ j? s/ ;koh wB[Zysk B/ T[; d/ gk;'I jh wzreoBh j? L

s{z dksk dksko s/ok fdsk yktDk– s{z dksk dksko s/ok fdsk yktDk– s{z dksk dksko s/ok fdsk yktDk– s{z dksk dksko s/ok fdsk yktDk– s{z dksk dksko s/ok fdsk yktDk– (gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk 652)652)652)652)652)

id'I ;kfonK dk dksk jh fJe j? sK wB[ZyK ftu dksk s/ fGykoh tkbh;'u jh BjhI g?dk j't/rh. fJ; soQK r[owfs B/ fJe gqG{ ~ dksk j'D dk fdqVQftFtk; eotk e/ nkw wB[Zy d/ wB ftu'I nkg dksk j'D dk M{mk tfjw d{oehsk. jo gqeko dh dks T[; gqG{ d/ jZE j? s/ ;kok irs jh fGykoh j? L

irs[ fGykoh fcos[ j? ;G e' dksk okw– irs[ fGykoh fcos[ j? ;G e' dksk okw– irs[ fGykoh fcos[ j? ;G e' dksk okw– irs[ fGykoh fcos[ j? ;G e' dksk okw– irs[ fGykoh fcos[ j? ;G e' dksk okw– (gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk 1428)1428)1428)1428)1428)

id fJj ;G dks/ dh dks j? sK tzv e/ SeD dh GktBk g?dk j'Jh.;kv/ ]kb;Jh p'fbnK ftu'I th fJj' ;zd/F fwbdk j? fe i/ eo e'Jh ngkjiftnesh, pkjK s'I ftj{Dk j? sK T[; ~ bZypkjk f;zx fejk iKdk j?. i/ eofe;/ dh bZs ftu B[e; j? sK T[; ~ ;[ukbk f;zx s/ B/sojhD ~ ;{owk f;zxfejk iKdk j?. fJjBK ]kb;Jh p'fbnK ftu th nkFktkd j?. fJjBK ftu'Ife;/ ~ ;jkfJsk dh b'V sK g? ;edh j?, go gqG{ dk gfotko ;wM e/ eoBhj?. fJjBK ~ fe;/ ewh dk nfj;k; BjhI j'D d/Dk.

f;Zyh d/ wjkB ftnkfynkeko GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? fer[ow[y ihtB ~ ;\b eoB bJh Xow dh feos eod/ s/ d{finK Bkb tzve/ SZed/ Gkt jZE'I d/ e/ Gbk wBkT[Id/ jB L

feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?– feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?– feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?– feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?– feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?– (tko S/thI)(tko S/thI)(tko S/thI)(tko S/thI)(tko S/thI)

fJ; bJh wB[Zysk T[&&Zgo id th GhV gJh sK f;Zy ;wki B/ phwkoK,ekb ghVsK s/ ;w{j b'VtzdK dh sB'-wB'-XB' wdd ehsh, feT[Ife r[o{;kfjpK dh f;Zy ~ fJj wjkB f;Zfynk j?. ;kv/ bzroK ftu Brkok yVeDkfJ; rZb dk ;[B/jk ;h s/ j? fe e'Jh G[Zyk Bk oj/.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

nZi th f;Zy ;wki ftu i/ eo jo b'Vtzd dh wdd eoB dh GktBkj? sK fJ; fgZS/ tzv SeD dh g/qoBk Fesh j? i' r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ nkgD/ tko;Kd/ wBK ftu t;kJh j'Jh j?. fJ; bJh f;Zy Xow ~ feos eoB, Bkw igDs/ tzv SeD d/ ;[Bfjoh f;XKsK B/ ftFt d/ XowK ftu'I w{jobh esko ftuyV/ j'D dk wkD fdZsk j? s/ tzv SeDk wB[Zysk d/ g/qw dk tZvk ;{so j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) @tzv SeDk ftF/ T[&&Zgo ikDekoh Gog{o b/y fby'.;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—

gqFB 1 L @tzv SeD# s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L tzv SeD s'I Gkt nkgDh feos ewkJh d[nkok nkgDhnK gfotkoe

b'VK ~ g{ok eoB d/ Bkb-Bkb j'o b'VtzdK dh th wdd eoBh j?.;fsr[oK dk c[owkD j?, @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ.# Gkt feoseoBh s/ e[M jZE'I d/ e/ tzv SeDk j?.

gqFB 2 L r[opkDh ftZu pzdrh s/ dkB eoB tkfbnK ~ fet/I ;[u/s ehsk j? <T[&&Zso L ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih dk \[owkD j? L nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn?

nebh gkJhn? wkB[– nebh gfV e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[–Gkt gqG{ dk f;woB s/ dkB eofdnK wB[Zy dk ;[u/s j'Dk }o{oh j?.

gqFB 3 L T[; gqG{ dh dks ~ tzv e/ SeD Bkb eh jz[dk j? <T[&Zso L ;fsr[oK B/ ;z;ko ~ gq/oBk fdZsh fe tzv e/ SeD Bkb T[; gqG{ dh

dks ftu s'N BjhI nkT[Idh, ;r'I tkXk jh j[zdk j?. c[owkB j? Lyktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–

gqFB 4L GkJh r[odk; ih B/ feos eoB s/ tzv e/ SeD ;zpzXh eh fbfynk j? <T[&&Zso L GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? fe r[ow[y ihtB ~ ;\b eoB bJh

Xow dh feos eod/ s/ d{finK Bkb tzv e/ Sed/, Gkt jZE'I d/ e/ GbkwBkT[Id/ jB. feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?–

gqFB 5 L f;Zy Xow ~ feos eoB, Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD d/ f;XKsK B/eh wkD fdZsk <

T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK d/ p]F/ fJBQK f;XKsK B/ f;Zy Xow ~ ftFt d/ XowK ftu'Iw{jobh esko ftu yV/ j'D dk wkD fdZsk j?. @tzv SeDk# wB[Zysk d/gq/w dk tZvk ;{so j?.

tzv SeDk (169)

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swD sMgqr[opkDh ftu ;kX ns/ ;zs Fpd ;wkB noEK ftu nB/e tko nkJ/

jB. ;kX iK ;kX{ s'I Gkt Xow d/ o;s/ T[&&Zgo uZbD tkb/ Gb/ g[oF s'I j?.;zrs d/ Fpdh noE jB w/b iK fwb p?mDk. ;kX ;zrs s'I Gkt T[sw b'eKdk fwb p?mDk j?.

f;Zy Xow ftu ;kX ;zrs ~ f;Zyh nkuoD dk w[Zy nXko wzfBnK frnkj?. jo f;Zy o'}kBk nodk; ftu fJj wzr eodk j? L

;/Jh fgnko/ w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt?.;/Jh fgnko/ w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt?.;/Jh fgnko/ w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt?.;/Jh fgnko/ w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt?.;/Jh fgnko/ w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt?.

fJ; bJh r[ow[y fgnkfonK d/ fJeZm dk Bkw jh ;fs;zrs iK ;kX;zrs j?. ;zrs eh j? ns/ fJ; pko/ eEB eod/ j'J/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ihc[owkT[Id/ jB L

;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?– ;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?– ;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?– ;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?– ;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?– (gzBk 72)(gzBk 72)(gzBk 72)(gzBk 72)(gzBk 72)

;fs;zrs iK ;kX ;zrs T[j j? fiZE/ e/tb fJe gqG{ d/ Bkw dh jhftuko uouk iK pzdrh j't/. fJ; soQK r[o{ dh feogk Bkb gow gd dhgqkgsh j[zdh j? ns/ wB o{gh ;[Zeh NkjDh th joh j' iKdh j?. fJj ;[Ze/ eZyKd/ jo/ j'D d/ ;wkB j?. ;fs;zrs dh wfjwk n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDh dkgkm eod/ j'J/, gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK L

w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk– r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk– r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk– r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk– r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk– (gzBk 10)(gzBk 10)(gzBk 10)(gzBk 10)(gzBk 10)

f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? fe nkw wB[Zy dh ihtB xkVs ftu fszB gqekod/ ;z;ekoK dk fjZ;k jz[dk j?. e[M ;z;eko wB[Zy nkgD/ wksk-fgsk s'I b?Idkj?. d{;ok ;wkfie gqkDh j'D eoe/ wB[Zy d{;o/ dh ;zrs s/ ftukoK dk gqGktpj[s ibdh ep{bdk j?. sh;ok fJj fBZih nB[Gt iK s}op/ okjhI nkg/ dkftek; eodk j?.

(170) r[owfs frnkB

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j[D fJjBK fszBK ftu'I jh ;zrs dk n;o tX/o/ jz[dk j?. wB[Zyh ihtBdk nXko T[; d/ ftuko jz[d/ jB. fJ; gqeko fe;/ wB[Zy dh ihtB T[;kohftu ;zrs dk ftF/F ;EkB jz[dk j?. T[sw g[oyK dh ;zrs nksfwe T[BshbJh tZvk ;kXB j?.

;kvk b'e w[jktok j?, @i?;h ;zrs t?;h ozrs#. Grs epho ih sKwB[Zyh wB ~ gzSh dh soQK wzBd/ jB. fJj T[v-T[v e/ d; fdFktK tZb iKdkj?. fi; soQK dk fJ; ~ ;zrs ftu'I ftukoK dk G'iB fwbdk j?, T[;/ soQKdk j' iKdk j?.

epho wB[ gzyh GfJU T[fv T[fv dj fd; ikfJ–epho wB[ gzyh GfJU T[fv T[fv dj fd; ikfJ–epho wB[ gzyh GfJU T[fv T[fv dj fd; ikfJ–epho wB[ gzyh GfJU T[fv T[fv dj fd; ikfJ–epho wB[ gzyh GfJU T[fv T[fv dj fd; ikfJ–i' i?;h ;zrfs fwb? ;' s?;' cb[ ykfJ–i' i?;h ;zrfs fwb? ;' s?;' cb[ ykfJ–i' i?;h ;zrfs fwb? ;' s?;' cb[ ykfJ–i' i?;h ;zrfs fwb? ;' s?;' cb[ ykfJ–i' i?;h ;zrfs fwb? ;' s?;' cb[ ykfJ–


fJ; dk Gkt fe p[oh ;zrs wB[Zy ~ p[ok pDk fdzdh j? ns/ uzrh ;zrss'I uzrk gqGkt ep{b eo b?Idk j?. fJ;/ bJh f;Zy Xow ftu ;kX ;zrs GktT[sw g[oyK dh ;zrs eoB dh g/qoBk fdZsh rJh j?. fgS'eV ftu ikJhJ/ sKfjzd[;skB d/ g[okD/ wZsK ftu fBZih iK ftneshrs nkuoD dh T[;koh T[&&Zgojh pj[sk }'o fdZsk frnk ;h. foFhnK dk izrbK ftu sg eoBk, i'rhnK dk;wkXh bk e/ p?mDk, wzdoK ftu f;o\ mke[o iK g[ikoh bJh EK j'Dh fJj ;GfJ; ftuko d/ gqshe jB fe ;fs;zrs dk o[MkB BjhI ;h. r[o{ ;kfjpK B/o'}kBk jh ;fs;zrs eoB dk T[gd/F d/ e/ ;wkBsk s/ iwksh nkuoD dhT[;koh bJh ;/X fdZsh. f;Zy ;zrs ftu fJj F[ZG GktBk ezw eodh j? fe ;zrsftu tkfjr[o{ s/ r[o{ fBtk; eod/ jB. fJj f;XKs f;Zyh dk j? L

ftfu ;zrfs jfo gqG[ tosdk p[Mj[ ;pd thukfo–ftfu ;zrfs jfo gqG[ tosdk p[Mj[ ;pd thukfo–ftfu ;zrfs jfo gqG[ tosdk p[Mj[ ;pd thukfo–ftfu ;zrfs jfo gqG[ tosdk p[Mj[ ;pd thukfo–ftfu ;zrfs jfo gqG[ tosdk p[Mj[ ;pd thukfo–(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk 1314)1314)1314)1314)1314)

f;Zy Xow ftu wB[Zy ~ eow :'rh pDkfJnk j?. fJeKs ftu ofjDBkb wB e'Jh tX/o/ ekp{ BjhI nkT[Idk. ;fsr[oK B/ f;Zy ~ fJeKs dh EK;fs;zrs ns/ ;zfBnk; dh EK rqfj;s wkor XkoBk dZf;nk j?. ;fs;zrsftu F[G r[D g?dk j[zd/ jB s/ nT[rD d{o jz[d/ jB.

T{sw ;zrfs T{sw[ j't?– r[D eT[ Xkt? ntrD X't?– T{sw ;zrfs T{sw[ j't?– r[D eT[ Xkt? ntrD X't?– T{sw ;zrfs T{sw[ j't?– r[D eT[ Xkt? ntrD X't?– T{sw ;zrfs T{sw[ j't?– r[D eT[ Xkt? ntrD X't?– T{sw ;zrfs T{sw[ j't?– r[D eT[ Xkt? ntrD X't?– (gzBk 414)(gzBk 414)(gzBk 414)(gzBk 414)(gzBk 414)

;G s'I tZvh rZb fe wBZ[yh wB FhF/ dh soQK j?. fJ; ftu fijk neFgt/rk T[j' fijk jh fdZ;/rk. iK efj bT[ wB[Zyh wB gkDh dh soQK j?, fJ;

;kX ;zrs (171)

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ftu e'Jh ozr x'b fdT[, T[;/ dk o{g jh j' ikt/rk. fJ;/ bJh ;kX ;zrs eoBdh tko-tko g/qoBk ehsh rJh j?. eJh tko wB[Zy uzrk jz[dk j? s/ nBikD/ftu ;zrs p[oh j' ikt/ sK T[; dk B[e;kB j' iKdk j?. fJ; ~ e[;zrs dhwko fejk iKdk j?. Grs epho ih B/ fJe ;b'e ftu nfijk jh o{gefusfonk j? fe p/oh d/ o[Zy gk; T[r/ j'J/ e//b/ d/ p{N/ dk eh jkb jz[dk j?. p/ohjtk uZbh s'I M{bdh j? s/ T[; d/ ezfvnK Bkb e/b/ d/ e'wb gZs/ uho/ iKd/jB. fJ;/ soQK uzr/ wB[Zy dk eJh tko G?V/ wB[Zy gk; p?mD Bkb jh B[e;kBj' iKdk j?. c[owkD j? L

epho wkoh woT[ e[;zr eh e/b/ fBeN i[ p/fo–epho wkoh woT[ e[;zr eh e/b/ fBeN i[ p/fo–epho wkoh woT[ e[;zr eh e/b/ fBeN i[ p/fo–epho wkoh woT[ e[;zr eh e/b/ fBeN i[ p/fo–epho wkoh woT[ e[;zr eh e/b/ fBeN i[ p/fo–T[T[T[T[T[j M{b? T[j uhohn? ;kes ;zr[ B j/fo– j M{b? T[j uhohn? ;kes ;zr[ B j/fo– j M{b? T[j uhohn? ;kes ;zr[ B j/fo– j M{b? T[j uhohn? ;kes ;zr[ B j/fo– j M{b? T[j uhohn? ;kes ;zr[ B j/fo– (gzBk 1369)(gzBk 1369)(gzBk 1369)(gzBk 1369)(gzBk 1369)

fJ;/ bJh Gb/ g[oFK B/ gziK dh ;zrs s'I tofink j?. M{m/ nkdwh dh;zrs Bk eo', X'yk d/t/rk. d{ik w{oy dh ;zrs s'I pu', B[e;kB jh j't/rk.shik ezi{; dh ;zrs s'I pu', T[j wB dk em'o jz[dk j?. u"Ek ekfJo iKvog'e dh ;zrs Bk eo', T[j s[jk~ Yfjzdh ebk tkbk pDk d/t/rk. gzitKd[FN dh ;zrs s'I pu', T[j fe;/ dk Gbk BjhI eo ;edk. fJ; d/ Bkb ;w{jftfdnkoEhnK bJh }o{oh j? fe T[j fe;/ BF/Vh, fBezw/, BbkfJe,Bk;fse s/ BKjtkuh ;'u tkb/ dh G[Zb e/ th ;zrs Bk eoB. d{i/ gk;/ Gb/b'eK dh ;zrs eoB Bkb ;wki ftu, gfotko ftu s/ ;z;ko ftu F'Gkfwbdh j?.

fJ; bJh id'I th ;wK fwb/ ;fs;zrs }o{o eoBh j?. ;kX ;zrs eoBhnkgDk ftek; j?. wB[Zy d/ ftukoK ftu'I iks gks, T{u Bhu s/ S{s Sks d/Gow s/ ftseok d{o j[zdk j?. ;kX ;zrs ftu fBwosk s/ ;wM nkT[Idh j?fe n;hI ;ko/ fJe gowkswk dh ;zskB jK. fJ; soQK d:k, Xow, FoXk,GktBk ftu gqgZesk nkT[Idh j?. wB[Zysk dk fJeZm/ fwb e/ p?mDk jh tZvkftek; j?. @J/e B{o s/ ;fG ir T[gfink# ns/ @wkB; eh ikfs ;p? J/e?gfjukBp'# dhnK F[ZG GktBktK ;kX ;zrs ftu jh gqgZe jz[dhnK jB. f;ZyXow ftu ;kX ;zrs nksfwe T[Bsh, ;wkfie soZeh s/ ;KM/ e"wh ihtBdh T[;koh bJh nZs }o{oh j?. fJ;/ ;zpzXh ;fsr[o{ gzuw gksFkj ih dkT[gd/F j? L

(172) r[owfs frnkB

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fp;fo rJh ;G skfs gokJh– fp;fo rJh ;G skfs gokJh– fp;fo rJh ;G skfs gokJh– fp;fo rJh ;G skfs gokJh– fp;fo rJh ;G skfs gokJh– ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– 1 ojkT[–ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– 1 ojkT[–ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– 1 ojkT[–ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– 1 ojkT[–ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– 1 ojkT[–Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–


nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) @;kX ;zrs# dh wjkBsk ;zpzXh ukBDk gkU.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L @;kX ;zrs# s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L ;kX iK ;kX{ s'I Gkt Xow d/ o;s/ T[&&Zgo ubD tkb/ T[jBK Gb/

g[oFK s'I j? fiBQK B/ nkgDhnK frnkB s/ eow fJzdohnK ~ ;kfXnkj'fJnk j?. fJ; bJh ;kX ;zrs s'I Gkt T[sw b'eK dh ;zrs j?.

gqFB 2 L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s ;zrs fe; ~ fejk iKdk j? <T[&&Zso L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s;zrs T[j j? fiZE/ e/tb gqG{ d/ Bkw dh jh ftuko

uouk iK pzdrh j't/. c[owkB j? L;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?–

gqFB 3 L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s;zrs dh wfjwk ;pzXh n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDhftu eh gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK <

T[&&Zso L fJ; ;zpzXh n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDh ftu gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK Lw/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk–

gqFB 4 L @;kX ;zrs# eoB Bkb wB[Zy ~ eh bkG jz[dk j? <T[&&Zso L ;kX ;zrs eoB Bkb wB[Zy d/ ftukoK ftu'I iks gks, T{u Bhu s/

S{s Sks d/ Gow s/ ftseok d{o j[zdk j?. ;kX ;zrs ftu fBwosk s/;wM nkT[Idh j? fe n;hI ;ko/ fJe gowkswk dh ;zskB jK. fJ; soQKd:k, Xow, FoXk s/ GktBk ftu gqgZesk nkT[Idh j?.

gqFB 5 L @;kX ;zrs# dh wfjwk ;zpzXh gzuw gksFkj ih dk eh c[owkB j? <T[&&Zso L ;kX ;zrs dh wfjwK ;zpzXh ;fsr[oK dk c[owkB j? L

fp;fo rJh ;fG skfs gokJh–ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– À– ojkT[–Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–

;kX ;zrs (173)

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ismrnf;woB s'I Gkt :kd eoBk j?. fJ; gqeko tkfjr[o{ d/ r[DK ~ wB ftu

t;k e/ T[jBK r[DK ~ tko-tko :kd eoBk f;woB j?. r[owfs nB[;ko gqG{fwbkg dh ;jh ftXh f;woB j?. fJe rZb ftukoB tkbh j? fe e'Jh th fe;/~ ed'I :kd eodk j? < T[j T[; ;w/I eodk j? id'I T[; ~ wfj;{; j't/ few?I T[; gk;'I ftSfVnk j'fJnk jK. i/ eo ftS'V/ dk jh nfj;k; BjhI sK :kdiK f;woB eoB dh }o{os jh ]sw j' iKdh j?. fJ;/ bJh fpoj'I iK ftS'V/~ ;[bskB fejk frnk j?. pkpk \ohd ih c[owT[Id/ jB L

fpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[–fpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[–fpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[–fpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[–fpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[–cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[–cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[–cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[–cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[–cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[–


Gkt fi; ;oho ftu gG{ ftS'V/ dk nfj;k; jh BjhI, T[j sK fcoFwFkB xkN dh soQK j?.

j[D ;tkb fJj j't/rk fe f;woB dh b'V feT[I j? < r[owfs nB[;konkswk, gowkswk dk nzF j?. fJj ;kro ftu'I gkDh dh p{zd d/ tZyok j' ikDtKr gow nkswk s'I nbZr j' rJh j?. fJj i[dk j'Jh nkswk ~ ;z;ko d/ o;Ke;K o{gh wkfJnk B/ J/Bk gqGkts eo fbnk j? fe fJj nkgD/ n;b/ ~ G[ZbrJh j?. fJ; bJh r[opkDh ftu wB[Zy ~ g/qfonk frnk j? L

wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[–wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[–wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[–wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[–wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[–(gzBk 441)(gzBk 441)(gzBk 441)(gzBk 441)(gzBk 441)

fJ; bJh nkgDk w{b gfjukD e/ gqG{ Bkb fbt i'VB bJh f;woB}o{oh j?. ftS'V/ dk fwbkg f;woB Bkb jh j' ;edk j?. :kd eoBk iKf;woB fJe nfijh Fesh j?, fi; dk T[&&Zso fJfsjk;e ;kyhnK ftu thfwbdk j?. p/p/ BkBeh ih dh fBZxh :kd ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih ~prdkd ftu p?m/ g/qoBk d/ ojh j? s/ T[j c[owkT[Id/ jB fe wodkfBnK !

(174) r[owfs frnkB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

p/p/ :kd eodh j?. f;woB nkgD/ nkg ftu fJe r[gs Fesh j?, fi; Bkbnksfwe pb gqkgs jz[dk j?. ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dkc[owkB j? L

f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[–f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[–f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[–f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[–f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[–efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–


Gkt gowkswk ~ f;wo' s/ f;woB eo-eo e/ ;[ZyK dh gqkgsh eo'.f;woB Bkb ;oho d/ d[Zy s/ eFN fwNd/ jB. f;woB dh fJ; bJh th}o{os j? fe fi; dk n;hI f;woB eoBk j?, T[j tZvk ;woZE j?. f;woBBkb T[; tZv/ dks/ dh p]fFF s/ nkgDh s[Ssk dk nfj;k; jz[dk j?. fJ;Bkb fBwosk s/ jbhwh nkT[Idh j? ns/ wB[Zy ;fs-;zs'y fij/ r[DK dkXkoBh j[zdk j?. f;woB ftu ;kXe J/Bk wrB j' iKdk j? fe T[j ;z;koeezw eko eodk j'fJnk th f;woB eoh iKdk j?. r[opkDh ftu f;woB pko/p/nzs gzeshnK jB.

s?v/ f;wofD jG[ feS[ bXw[ fpyw[ B fvmw[ e'Jh–s?v/ f;wofD jG[ feS[ bXw[ fpyw[ B fvmw[ e'Jh–s?v/ f;wofD jG[ feS[ bXw[ fpyw[ B fvmw[ e'Jh–s?v/ f;wofD jG[ feS[ bXw[ fpyw[ B fvmw[ e'Jh–s?v/ f;wofD jG[ feS[ bXw[ fpyw[ B fvmw[ e'Jh–(gzBk 520)(gzBk 520)(gzBk 520)(gzBk 520)(gzBk 520)

Gkt, j/ gqG{ ! s/o/ f;woB Bkb ;G e[S gqkgs j'fJnk j? ns/ e'Jhw[Feb BjhI nkJh. fJ; bJh f;woB dh Fesh ~ ;wMDk }o{oh j?.

j[D f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe fe; soQK dk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. w[Zy rZbT[dwh s/ ;ktXkB j'Dk }o{oh j?. T[dwh-szdo[;s ;oho fpBk BjhI j' ;edk.fJ; bJh o'rh, BFJh s/ ftFJh wB[Zy ;ktXkB BjhI j't/rk. c[owkB j? L

efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk wB sB GJ/ no'rk–efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk wB sB GJ/ no'rk–efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk wB sB GJ/ no'rk–efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk wB sB GJ/ no'rk–efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk wB sB GJ/ no'rk–(gzBk 611)(gzBk 611)(gzBk 611)(gzBk 611)(gzBk 611)

Gkt gfjbK fJFBkB eoBk s/ fco f;woB eoBk j?. fJ; gqeko wBs/ sB no'r ofjzd/ jB. sB dh gftZsosk bJh gkDh j? ns/ wB dhgftZsosk bJh pkDh j?. fJj ftukoB tkbk B[esk j? fe e[dos dh jot;s fJe gZe/ fB:w ftu j?. ;' nkgD/ wB ~ fJe gZe/ f]nkb #s/ fNekT[Dkj?, fi; ~ Go';k fejk iKdk j?. fi; dk f;woB eoBk j? T[; T[zgo FzekBjhI eoBk. pj[s/ b'e FzfenK ftu g? rJ/ jB ns/ Fze/ tkb/ dk Go';k gZekBjhI j' ;edk. fJ;/ bJh n;hI o'}kBk nodk; ftu Go';k dkB wzrd/ jK.

f;woB (175)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Go';/ tkb/ dk fjodk g[eko T[mdk j? Lxfo pkjfo s/ok Gotk;k s{ iB e? j? ;zfr–xfo pkjfo s/ok Gotk;k s{ iB e? j? ;zfr–xfo pkjfo s/ok Gotk;k s{ iB e? j? ;zfr–xfo pkjfo s/ok Gotk;k s{ iB e? j? ;zfr–xfo pkjfo s/ok Gotk;k s{ iB e? j? ;zfr–


;' ;kXe dh fJj gqshs gZeh j't/ fe @s{ w/ok okyk ;GBh EkJhI.# r[oFpd ftu jo gqeko d/ Gow ~ eZN d/D dh Fesh j?. r[o Fpd okjhIfrnkB o{gh ukBD j[zdk j?. j[D frnkB j'D ns/ fjod/ nzdo gqekF j'Dftu tZvk \oe j?. fJe j? ikBDk s/ d{ik j? wkBDk. fit/I yzv fwZmh j?, fJjikBDk j? ns/ yzv w{zj ftu gk bJh, fJj wkBDk j?. gqG{ d/ f;woB ~ wkBDbJh ;fsr[oK B/ p/nzs tko g/qoBk ehsh j? L

;kf; ;kf; f;woj[ r'fpzd– wB nzso eh T[so? fuzd–;kf; ;kf; f;woj[ r'fpzd– wB nzso eh T[so? fuzd–;kf; ;kf; f;woj[ r'fpzd– wB nzso eh T[so? fuzd–;kf; ;kf; f;woj[ r'fpzd– wB nzso eh T[so? fuzd–;kf; ;kf; f;woj[ r'fpzd– wB nzso eh T[so? fuzd–(gzBk 295)(gzBk 295)(gzBk 295)(gzBk 295)(gzBk 295)

T[; dh wfjwk ~ tko-tko rkT[Dk jh f;woB j?. f;woB eoB Bkbj[ewh pzdk pD iKdk j?. f;woB eoB tkbk ;zs'yh jz[dk j?. ;zs'yh wB[Zy;dk goT[gekoh j[zdk j?.

gqG eT[ f;wofj ;/ goT[gekoh–gqG eT[ f;wofj ;/ goT[gekoh–gqG eT[ f;wofj ;/ goT[gekoh–gqG eT[ f;wofj ;/ goT[gekoh–gqG eT[ f;wofj ;/ goT[gekoh–(gzBk 263)(gzBk 263)(gzBk 263)(gzBk 263)(gzBk 263)

goT[gekoh wB[Zy jo EK wkD gkT[Idk j?. f;woB tkb/ ~ id ;z;kodh jo/e dks d/ fgZS/, dksk B}o nkt/ sK T[; dk F[eokBk eodk j'fJnk,nksfwe ftek; tZb iKdk j?. sZs;ko ti'I jo wB[Zy nkgD/ ;[Gkn s/ ftukoKBkb ftek; eodk j?. r[o{ ih c[owkT[Id/ jB fe fi; B/ gqG{ ~ f;wfonk,T[j T[j' fijk jh j' iKdk j?.

i?;k ;/t? s?;' j'fJ– i?;k ;/t? s?;' j'fJ– i?;k ;/t? s?;' j'fJ– i?;k ;/t? s?;' j'fJ– i?;k ;/t? s?;' j'fJ– (gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk(gzBk 223)223)223)223)223)

nekb g[oy dk ;o{g ;fsr[oK B/ w{b wzso ftu fpnkB ehsk j?. T[jgqG{ fJe j? ns/ fBoGT[ s/ fBot?o j?. j[D i/ eo T[; dk f;woB eoB tkb/wBZ[y ftu fJj r[D j'Dr/ sK ;kv/ p/b'V/ vo s/ p/b'V/ t?o nkgD/ nkg jh]sw j' ikDr/. ;ops dk Gbk j't/rk. f;woB tkbk fe;/ dk p[ok BjhI eo;edk, feT[Ife T[j jo fjod/ ftu gqG{ ~ d/ydk j?. fJ; bJh fBsB/w s'IfJbktk fe;/ r[opkDh d/ Fpd okjhI, w{b wzso d/ gkm iK tkfjr[o{ d/f;woB Bkb T[; eos/ ~ :kd eoBk f;woB dk ;ob ;kXB j?. wB[Zy dhfdwkrah Fesh tZXdh j?. fXnkB iK fJekrosk Bkb gqG{ Go';k ekfJw jz[dk

(176) r[owfs frnkB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

j? ns/ FoXk GktBk gqgZe jz[dh j?. fJ; bJh f;woB nkg/ dk ftek;,frnkB dk gqekF s/ ;dk ;dk ftrk; (nkBzd, ][Fh) j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) @f;woB# ;zpzXh r[owfs dh o"FBh ftu ukBDk gkU.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L f;woB s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L f;woB s'I Gkt :kd eoBk j?. T[; tkfjr[o{ d/ r[DK ~ wB ftu t;k

e/ T[; d/ Bkw ~ tko tko :kd eoBk f;woB j?. r[owfs nB[;ko gqG{fwbkg dh ;jh ftXh f;woB j?.

gqFB 2 L fJe fJB;kB ~ f;woB dh b'V feT[I j? <T[&&Zso L r[owfs nB[;ko nkswk gowkswk dk nzF j?. fJj ;kro ftu'I gkDh

dh p{zd d/ tZyok j' ikD tKr gow nkswk s'I nbZr j' rJh j?. fJ;bJh ftSV/ dk fwbkg f;woB Bkb jh j' ;edk j?.

gqFB 3 L f;woB pko/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk eh c[owkB j? <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dk c[owkB j? L

f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[– efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–Gkt gowkswk ~ f;wo' s/ f;woB eo-eo e/ ;[ZyK dh gqkgsh eo'.f;woB Bkb ;oho d/ d[Zy s/ eFN fwNd/ jB.

gqFB 4 L f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe fe; soQK dk j'Dk ukjhdk j? <T[&&Zso L f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe T[dwh s/ ;ktXkB j'Dk }o{oh j?. T[dwh-

szdo[;s ;oho fpBk BjhI j' ;edk. fJ; bJh o'rh, BFJh s/ ftFJhwB[Zy ;ktXkB BjhI j't/rk.

gqFB 5 L f;woB eoB Bkb wB[Zy ~ eh bkG jz[dk j? <T[&&Zso L f;woB Bkb wB[Zy dh fdwkrh Fesh tZXdh j?. fXnkB iK

fJekrosk Bkb gqG{ Go';k ekfJw jz[dk j? ns/ FoXk GktBk gqgZe j[zdhj?. fJ; bJh f;woB nkg/ dk ftek;, frnkB dk gqekF s/ ;dk-;dkftrk; (nkBzd, ][Fh) j?.

f;woB (177)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Ardws dI mh`qqwftdtkBK dk eEB j? fe nodk; dk fJfsjk; UBk jh g[okDk j?,

fizBk e[ g[okDk fJfsjk; wB[Zy dk j?. nodk; wB[Zyh nkswk dk nkgD/ w{bgowkswk tZb o[y eoBk j?. wB[Zy ;[Gkte s"o #s/ ew}'o j? ns/ ;z;ko ftuxNBktK dh jB/oh ubdh j?. id fJB;kB jkbks dk Nkeok BjhI eo;edk sK T[; dk wB v'bdk j?. jo ew}'o ~ fJe seV/ dk ;jkok j[zdkj?, fit/I t/b ~ o[Zy dk ;jkok, pZu/ ~ wK dk ;jkok ns/ ;[Ze ojh pBk;gsh~ pkoF dk ;jkok j[zdk j?.

gowkswk ;op FeshwkB j?. T[; T[&&Zgo Go';k wB[Zy ~ pj[s ;kohnKgo/FkBhnK s'I pukT[Idk j?. fJ; bJh ;ko/ nk;fse wZs nodk; T[&&Zgo;fjws jB. wB[Zy ][Fh ;w/I F[eokB/ dh nodk; eodk j?, rawh ;w/Inksfwe pb bJh ns/ d[fpXk ftu T[; ~ ;jkJh j'D bJh fXnkT[Idk j?.;G s'I tZvh rZb fe nodk; wB dh FKsh s/ pb j? fe w?I nkgD/ s'I tZvh FeshBkb i[fVnk j'fJnk jK.

nodk; Fpd d/ noEK tZb ikJhJ/ sK nodk; s'I Gkt p/Bsh eoBh iKwB'ekwBk j?. f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh pj[s wjkBsk j?. jo ekoi d/ nkozGftu iK ;zg{oB j'D #s/ F[eokB/ dh nodk; ehsh iKdh j?. ;fsr[oK dk f;Zy ~nkd/F j? fe id e'Jh th ezw eoBk b'VhJ/ sK gqG{ nZr/ nodk; eoBh j?.

ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–ekoi[ d/fJ ;tko ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?– ekoi[ d/fJ ;tko ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?– ekoi[ d/fJ ;tko ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?– ekoi[ d/fJ ;tko ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?– ekoi[ d/fJ ;tko ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?– (gzBk (gzBk (gzBk (gzBk (gzBk 91)91)91)91)91)

r[owfs ftu nodk; d/ fB:w ;k\ dZ;/ rJ/ jB fe e/tb eosko nZr/nodk; eoBh ns/ yb' e/ s/ jZE i'V e/ gqkoEBk eoBh j? L

nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–

(gzBk 1093 )(gzBk 1093 )(gzBk 1093 )(gzBk 1093 )(gzBk 1093 )

(178) r[owfs frnkB

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f;Zyh dk fdqVQ fBFuk j? fe F[ZX wB j' e/ Go';/ Bkb ehsh nodk; ;dkgqtkB j[zdh j?. f;Zyh ftu iBw, ftnkj, fwqse ;z;eko ;w/I, jo d[Zy-;[Zys/ ][Fh rawh ftu nodk; ehsh iKdh j?. o'} wo:kdk nB[;ko fBsB/wT[gozs nodk; eoBh j?.

f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh gozgok ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ;w/I s'Ijh F[o{ j' rJh gqshs jz[dh j?. id okfJ p[bko B/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ~T[dk;hnK #s/ ikD t/b/ w[V doFB d/D dh p/Bsh ehsh sK ;fsr[oK B/ T[&&ZsofdZsk fe i/ eo ;k~ fwbD bJh wB eo/ sK jZE i'V e/ fBozeko nZr/ nodk;eoBh. fJ;/ soQK id pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih B/ gzikp tZb uVQkJh ehshsK d;w gksFkj ih B/ T[; ~ j[ew ehsk fe id e'Jh GhV pD/ sK gziKf;zxK ~ Bkb b? e/ nodk; eoBh.

nodk;—fJeZbk f;Zy th eodk j? s/ ;zrfs o{g ftu nodk; th f;ZyXow dk }o{oh nzr j?. f;Zy gzE dk fdqVQ fB;uk j? fe r[o{ s/ ;zrs dh jk}ohftu tkfjr[o{ nkg tosdk j?. f;Zy ;zrs ftu jZE i'V e/ r[o{ nZr/ nodk;eod/ jB, feT[Ife ;fsr[oK ftu tkfjr[o{ ofwnk j'fJnk ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ jh;k~ tkfjr[o{ dk frnkB p]fFnk ns/ r[o{ ;kfjpK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{rzqE ;kfjp ih jB. ;fsr[oK B/ ;fs g[oy ~ ikfDnK ns/ f;Zy ;zrs ;fsr[o{s/ ;fs g[oy ~ jk}o Bk}o ikD e/ nodk; eodh j?. c[owkD j? L

;fs g[oy[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[o[ fs; ek BkT[–;fs g[oy[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[o[ fs; ek BkT[–;fs g[oy[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[o[ fs; ek BkT[–;fs g[oy[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[o[ fs; ek BkT[–;fs g[oy[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[o[ fs; ek BkT[–fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B[ rkT[–fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B[ rkT[–fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B[ rkT[–fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B[ rkT[–fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B[ rkT[–


;z;ko dh e'Jh j'o nodk; J/B/ i\o ikb e/ j'Id ftu BjhI nkJh,fizBh xkbDk Bkb f;Zy nodk; dh ouBk j'Jh j?. FkfJd jh feXo/ tkosedk J/Bk wjkB ;zy/g o{g ;z;ko ;kfjs ftu j't/. fJj wkD tkbh rZb j? feJ/B/ tZv/ fJfsjk; o{gh ;kro ~ fe;/ B/ ;zy/g F?bh o{gh rkro ftu pzd ehskj't/. fJj gzE d/ tkbh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/ gzE ]kb;k dh ;KMh ouBkj?. nodk; T[j wjkB ouBk j? fi; ~ jo f;Zy FoXk s/ rzGhosk Bkbd[jokT[Idk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; d/ BkfJeK dh ewkJh dk fXnkB Xo e/tkfjr[o{ Bkb i[Vdk j?. nodk; gbK ftu jh phs/ gzi ;dhnK d/ wjkBfJfsjk;, f;Zyh f;XKs, gozgoktK, wo:kdk s/ f;Zyh ihtB iku d/ fB:wK

nodk; dh wZjssk (179)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~ fdqVQ eotk fdzdh j?.

;ob FpdK ftu nodk; dh wjZssk ~ ikBDk j't/ sK gfjbKgow/Fo ~ :kd eoe/ d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB ~ fXnkfJnk iKdk j?, fiBQK dhp]fFF Bkb ;k~ Xow d/ wkor, tkfjr[o{ dh Fesh s/ nodk; dh ;'MhnkJh j?. fco d; r[o{ ;kfjpK dh i's ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ gkm dhdkodk fXnkB Xo e/ tkfjr[o{ fXnkT[Id/ jK. ;kv/ r[o{ ih th i[r' i[r nNZb s/r[o{ dk gzE th i[r' i[r nNZb oj/rk.

fco n;hI gziK fgnkfonK, u"jK ;kfjp}kfdnK, ukbh w[es/, FjhdK,w[ohdK, jmhnK, ighnK, sghnK s/ r[o{ gzE ~ ;wofgs ;w{j fgnkfonK;funkfonK dh ewkJh dk fXnkB Xod/ jK. fJj ;GBK d/ f;de, f;oVs/ e[opkBh ~ ;idk j?.

shi/ pzd ftu ;w{j f;zxK f;zxDhnK dh e[opkBh dk fXnkB XfonkiKdk j?, fiBQK Xow BjhI jkfonk. T[jBK B/ ;h; fdZs/, pzd-pzd eNkJ/,y'gohnK b[jkJhnK, uoyVhnK #s/ uVQ/, r[od[nkfonK dh ;/tk bJhe[opkBhnK ehshnK. gbK ftu jh FjhdK dk fJfaasjk; nZyK ;kjwD/ nkiKdk j?. fco nkgD/ s]sK s/ ;ops r[od[nkfonK dk fXnkB Xod/ jK i'gzE dh n}kd j'Id s/ fBnkohnK otkfJsK d/ phshnK ;dhnK s'I b? e/ i[rKi[rKsoK se nXko jB.

fJ;/ soQK jo f;Zy ;w{j ]kb;/ bJh tkfjr[o{ d/ Bkw dh dks wzrdkj? sK fe ;op ;[Zy j't/ s/ fiZE/ th ]kb;k j? T[; dh oZfSnk s/ fonkfJs dhp/Bsh j?. d/r s/r dh \sfj j't/ s/ gzE dh fiZs j't/. id gqG{ ;jkJh j't/sK ]kb;k ih e/ p'b pkb/ s/ f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko gqc[Zbs j't/.

nZr/ ;w[Zu/ gzE dh f;XKse wzr j?, f;Zyh dkB ns/ e/; dkB sK fe fJjr[o{ dh w'jo s/ e[dos dk p]fFnk ;o{g ekfJw oj/, ofjs ftu gqgZeojhJ/. o'}kBk fpp/e dkB wzfrnk iKdk j? sK fe ;kv/ soetkdh fij/ Fze/Bk j'D, ;r'I r[o{ Go';k, f;de, FoXk, ftFtk; p[bzd oj/. gqG{ d/ Bkwdh dks wzrd/ jK s/ nzfwqs;o ih d/ fJFBkB i' ;k~ e/Idoh X[o/ Bkb i'Vd/jB. i'dVh eod/ jK fe n;hI Fesh d/ e/Ido Bkb ;dk i[V/ ojhJ/ ns/u"ehnK, Mzv/, p[zr/ i[r' i[Zr nNZb ofjD s/ Xow dh i?eko j't/. ;kvk wBBhtK oj/ sK fBwosk tkb/ dh wZs T[&&Zuh j[zdh j?, go tkfjr[o{ ih wZs d/ oky/

(180) r[owfs frnkB

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s[;hI j' s/ fJj r[D p]F d/t'. nZr/ ftSV/ j'J/ r[oXkwK d/ doFBK dhnodk; j?.

;koh nodk; T[gozs ;tkb j? fe f;Zy nkgD/ Xow ftu gZek fet/I ofj;edk s/ fe; fe;w d/ wB[ZyK Bkb w/b i'b j't/. fJ; dk T[&&Zso ;/Jh fgnko/w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fuZs nkt/. nrbh gzesh ftu r[o{ gzE s/ ;qh r[o{BkBe ih fJe fwe jB fe gzE B/ r[o{ BkBe dh w'jo tosh j?. fJ; ftuBkw, uVQdh ebk, GkDk s/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ dh i'dVh j?. fco \sfj j? fe]kb;k tkfjr[o{ dk j? s/ \sfj th T[;/ dh j'Dh j? ns/ i?eko/ ftu ;zd/F j?fe fBjkb T[jh j't/rk i' ;Zu/ ;qh nekb dk BkT[I bJ/rk.

fJ; bJh f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh pj[s wjZssk j?. nodk;gowkswk dh Fesh s/ nkg/ dh s[Ssk dk frnkB j?. nodk; T[&&Zu/ nksfwewzvbK ftu b? iKdh j?. nodk; dh poes Bkb wjkB ekoi ;zg{oB j'J/.nodk; B/ f;Zy ~ T[dwh pDkfJnk s/ gqD eoe/ fBGkT[Dk f;ykfJnk.nodk; nksfwe Fesh j?. ;G d/ Gb/ dh i'dVh s/ ;s;zrhnK ftunkgDkgB g?dk j'Dk nodk; dh poes j?. w[Zedh rZb fe ;z;ko ftu i/e'Jh fBnk;o/ dk nk;ok j? sK gqG{ nZr/ nodk; j?. fJ;/ bJh n;hI nodk;F[o{ eoB s'I gfjbK ;zrsh o{g ftu fJj Fpd gVQd/ jK L

s{ mke[o[ s[w gfj nodkf;– ihT[ fgzv[ ;G[ s/oh okf;–s[w wks fgsk jw pkfoe s/o/– s[woh feqgk wfj ;{y xB/o/–


nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—(T) nodk; dh wjZssk ;zpzXh Gkt g{ote ikDekoh fdU.

;zy/g T[&&Zso tkb/ gqFB L—gqFB 1 L @nodk;# s'I eh Gkt j? <T[&&Zso L nodk; Fpd d/ noEK ~ ftukohJ/ sK nodk; s'I Gkt p/Bsh eoBh

iK wB'ekwBk j?. nodk; wB[Zyh nkswk dk nkgD/ w{b gowkswk tZbo[y eoBk j?. gowkswk ;op FeshwkB j?. T[; T[&&Zgo Go';k wB[Zy ~pj[s ;kohnK go/FkBhnK s'I pukT[Idk j?.

nodk; dh wZjssk (181)

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gqFB 2 L nodk; pko/ ;fsr[oK dk f;Zy ~ eh nkd/F j? <T[&&Zso L ;fsr[oK dk nkd/F j? fe id e'Jh th ezw eoBk b'VhJ/ sK gqG{ nZr/

nodk; eoBh j?. c[owkB j? Lehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–ekoi[ d/fJ ;tkfo ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?–

gqFB 3L r[owfs ftu nodk; eoB d/ eh fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB <T[&&Zso L r[owfs ftu nodk; d/ fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB fe e/tb eosko nZr/

nodk; eoBh j? ns/ yb' e/ s/ jZE i'V e/ eoBh j?. c[owkB j? Lnkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–

gqFB 4 L o'}kBk nodk; ftu f;Zy nkgD/ Xow ftu gZek ofjD bJh fe;fe;w d/ wB[ZyK dh ;zrs dh wzr eodk j? <

T[&&Zso L nodk; ftu jo f;Zy wzr eodk j? fe tkfjr[o{ ! ;/Jh fgnko/ w/bfiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt/. fJ; bJh gfss, f;o r[zw, soeh,sBykjhJ/ iK Bk;fse pzfdnK dh ;zrs Bkb f;Zyh Go';k BjhI oj/rk,;r'I feos eoB, Bkw igD, tzv SeD tkb/, FoXk GktBK tkb/ s/pkDh pkD/ d/ XkoBh r[ow[y fgnkfonK dh ;zrs Bkb wB[Zy Xow ftugZek ofjzdk j?.

gqFB 5 L fJe f;Zy bJh nodk; dh wjZssk pko/ ;zy/g FpdK ftu fby' <

T[&&Zso L nodk; gowkswk dh Fesh s/ nkg/ dh s[Ssk dk frnkB j?.nodk; wB[Zy ~ T[&&Zu/ nksfwe wzvbK ftu b? iKdh j?. nodk; dh poesBkb wjkB ekoi ;zg{oB j'J/. nodk; B/ f;Zy ~ T[dwh pDkfJnk s/ gqDeoe/ fBGkT[Dk f;ykfJnk. nodk; gbK ftu jh phs/ gzi ;dhnK d/ wjkBfJfsjk;, f;Zyh f;XKs, gozgoktK, wo:kdk s/ f;Zyh ihtB iku d/ fB:wK~ fdqVQ eotk fdzdh j?.

(182) r[owfs frnkB

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gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk LgqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk LgqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk LgqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk LgqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk L

doik-d{ikdoik-d{ikdoik-d{ikdoik-d{ikdoik-d{ikgouk d{ik—f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdkgouk d{ik—f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdkgouk d{ik—f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdkgouk d{ik—f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdkgouk d{ik—f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdk

;wK L 3 xzN/ e[b nze L 100(Gkr-T)

j/m fby/ gqFBK ftu'I e'Jh d' gqFBK d/ T[&&Zso ft;sko ftu fby' L1 H GkJh fdnkbk ih d/ ihtB s/ Fjhdh pko/ ft;sko g{ote ukBDk gkU.2H Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ;zpzXh s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <3H nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; fby' < 2X10=20

(Gkr-n)gfjbk gqFB }o{oh j?, pkeh d'BK ftu'I fJe gqFB eo' L1 H S'N/ xZb{xko/ d/ fJfsjk; ;zpzXh ft;sko ;fjs ;wMkU.2H nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh fdU.3H fw;b FjhdK d/ fJfsjk; ;zpzXh ukBDk gkU. 2X10=20

(Gkr-J)j/m fby/ gqFBK ftu'I e'Jh d' gqFB jZb eo' L

1H w[ytke s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko j[ew b?D dh ehftXh ;wMkJh j? <

2H nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu nyzv gkm f;ob/yj/m fJ; dh eh wo:kdk dZ;h rJh j? <

3H r[od[nko/ d/ Gkt noE dZ;' ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu r[od[nko/f;ob/y j/m o'}kBk dh wo:kdk s/ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko;zpzXh eh T[gd/F j? < 2X10=20

gqFB- gZso dh o{g o/yk (183)

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(Gkr-;)j/m fbfynK ftu'I d' ftfFnK pko/ Gkt g{ote ikDekoh fdU L1H feos eoBh2H tzv SeDk3H nodk; dh wjZssk 2X10=20

(Gkr-j)j/m fbfynK ftu'I d; gqFBK d/ T[&&Zso ;zy/g s/ ;gZFN o{g ftu fdU.jo/e gqFB d/ 2 Bzpo jB L

1H pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk fJfsjk; fe; ;w/I Bkb ;pzfXs j? <2H ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ ~ wksk ;z[doh ih B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx gk;

ed'I G/fink <3H GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ wZ;k ozxV s'I fet/I pdbk

fbnk <4H S'N/ xZb{xko/ d/ ;EkB ns/ :kdrko pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <5H npdkbh B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp T[&&Zgo jwbk feT[I ehsk <6H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ dht/ wuk e/ nkosh

eoBh iK NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd ;zpzXh eh T[gd/F j? <7H ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? <8H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;XkoB gkm iK nyzv gkm d/ G'r dh eh

wo:kdk j? <9H Bkw igD tkb/ dh wfjwk ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh ftu fet/I fpnkB ehsh

j? <10H;kX ;zrs eoB Bkb wB[Zy ~ eh bkG jz[dk j? <11H @f;woB# pko/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk eh c[owkB j? <12Hr[owfs ftu nodk; eoB d/ eh fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB < 10X2=20

(184) r[owfs frnkB

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