xow d/ bk s/hhh...dharam de naa te....... (articles) (second edition - 5 january 2006)...
TRANSCRIPT
Xow d/ BK s/HHH
fJzdo f;zx xZrk gq'c?;o
gqek;ae
|fsj gpbhe/PBI
wekB BzH 90, eoj/Vh,
ftZfdnk Bro, B/V/ gzikph :{BhH gfNnkbk.
(w'L 98144^55582)
Dharam De Naa Te.......(Articles)
(Second Edition - 5 January 2006) (Misrepresentations of Religion............)
By INDER SINGH GHAGGA (M. 98551-51699)
;G jZe b/ye d/ okyt/A jB
H. No. 90, Karheri
Patiala - 147 002 (Pb.) Mobile : 98144-5582
TYPE SETTING
Kamal Computers,
Mobile : 98889-30910 Ist Edition, Oct. 2004
IInd Edition, Sep. 2005 IIIrd Edition, Jan. 07
PROOF READING
FATEH PUBLICATIONS
Vidya Nagar, Near Punjabi University,
Avtar Singh
Opp. Pbi. Univ. Patiala
Kanwardeep Singh Sukhjinder Kaur Parminder Singh
Price: Rs. 120/-$ 10/-£ 5/-
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(w'L 98144^55582)
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6H ;kek ;ojzd 34^40
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9H fJPe jeheh tkbk gzikp fe; okj < 68^74
10H f;Zy B"itkBK dk GftZy ^ nkofEe gZy 75^84
11H ikjok eokwks 85^90
12H r[opkDh ftZu g"okDe eEktK 91^96
13H Boe ;[or eh j? < 97^117
14H r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/ 118^133
15H wzrb fe wzso < 134^139
16H “f;Zy nodk;” ^ ni'e/ gq;zr ftu 140^167
17H s/ ;zs Gb/ r[of;yK j?HHH. 168^195
18H “fjod? egN[ w[fy frnkBh” 196^202
19H r[of;yK eh jfo X{fV d/jHHH 203^210
20H feogkB ^ rkso/ tkbh < 211^216
21H j[ewBkfwnK pko/ sZE 217^223
22H j[ewBkwk ^ nkX[fBe gq;zr ftu 224^264
23H thjthA ;dh dk Pq'wDh f;Zy 265^271
24H r[opkDh ftZu ftfrnkBe ;Zu 272^289
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nkgDk Gh “oV/ w?dkB”, iBw j' frnk. fwZNh xZN/ ftu o[bfdnK, SZgVK
N'fGnK ftu v[pehnK bkT[AfdnK, e[ZfsnK, rktK, wZMK dk ;kE wkDfdnK,
T[wo g"Vh d/ vzv/ uVQB bZfrnk. nZm e[ ;kb dk j'fJnk sK vzro ukoB,
uoKdK tZb N'o fdZsk frnk. vzro nkgD/ E'V/ b'eK d/ pj[s/. w/o/ tor/
j'o ;kEh gkbhnK Bkb y/vfdnK, MrVfdnK, fe;/ seV/ s'A d' ug/VK yk
b?DhnK, s/ wkV/ ƒ d' ug/VK iV d/DhnK. vzroK tb'A y/sK ftu edh w{zj
wko b?D s/ y/s wkbeK s'A uzrh frZdV e[ZN ykDh, rkbK dk fwou w;kbk
tkX{. ;G soK d/ BfPnK dk ;[nkd Gh fJ; nZbV T[wo/ uZy fbnk.
f;oc u"dK ;kb dk j'fJnk ;K fe ;[y ofjD/ fgT[ B/, ewi'ao p[ZY/ pbdK
dhnK g{SK wo'VB bke/, jb dk w[zBk cVk fdZsk. ;kok fdB jb tkj[Dk,
gkDh bkT[Dk, r'vh eoBh, gZm/ tZYD/, xo fbnke/ jZE N'e/ Bkb e[soB/,
gP{nK ƒ gkT[D/HHHH. ykD ƒ pkg{ dhnK rkjbK, ug/VK s/ cke/ eVke/. i/
ihts fojk sK wK d/ fgnko ns/ fdbkf;nK ekoB. tZv/ S'N/ G?D Gok
feskpK dhnK gzvK u[Ze ;e{b iKd/, ;oekoh ;e{b ftu fJZe nkBk ch;
GoB' Gh bkuko j' e/, ch; w[nkch dh noih d/ fdzd/. T[jBK s'A edh
r[ow[yh d/ fJZe d' nZyo g[ZS e/ f;Zy b?D/. fi; soQK dh e'Jh feskp fwb
iKdh T[;/ Bkb f;o ygkJh eoB br g?Adk. ezw dk pj[sk Gko, iwhB
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MrV/ eb/;. fpBk ekoB s'A wK ƒ s/ ;kƒ ;kfonK ƒ wkod/ ofjDk, fizBh
d/o se fe n;hA, d'tK tZv/ GoktK B/, pkg{ ƒ vKr u[e e/ y[Zbh tzrko BjhA
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wB pDk fbnk. nr;s wjhB/ 1963 ftu e/tb ;skoK e[ ;kb dh eZuh
(1)
T[wo/, c"i ftu ik Gosh j'fJnk. wK pj[s e[obkJh, pVk o'fenk, G?D
Gok Gh d[yh j'J/, go w?A fJokdk Bk pdfbnk.
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fdZsk frnk. ;[Gk dk nZyV g[Dk pk d;s{o ekfJw ;h. T[gob/ nc;oK
Bkb MrVBk w/o/ bJh nkw fijh rZb ;h. T[jBK rb'A bkj[D tk;s/ pV"dk
(r[ioks) ftu Gkoh s'gK dh f;fynk b?D bJh G/i fdZsk. fJj B" wjhB/
dh “rzB fcZNo” f;ybkJh J/ rq/v gfjb/ doi/ ftu gk; ehsh. tkg; fco
T[;/ oiw?AN ftu nk frnk, ;kfonK B/ uzr/ Bzpo b?D eoe/ pj[s ;fseko
fdZsk. e[Zb n"yhnK fvT{NhnK s'A S'N fwb rJh. gkfe;skB Bkb 1965
tkbh izr br rJh sK f;nkbe'N ;?eNo d/ w'ou/ ftu, w'joh j'e/ ezw
eoB dk w"ek fwfbnk. eJh vog'eK ƒ izr ftu'A ikB puke/ Gid/
t/fynk. fe;/ ƒ ;kpD dk x'b ghe/, fpwkoh dk gZi eoe/, j;gskbK ftu
dkyb j[zd/ t/fynk. eJhnK ƒ ikD p[ZM e/ Iywh j[zfdnk t/fynk sK fe
fJbki tk;s/, fgZS/ tZv/ j;gskb G/i d/D ikB pu ikt/. pjkdoK ƒ fjZe
skDe/ bVd/ s/ Pjhd j[zd/ t/fynk. PjhdK ƒ e[M Gh BjhA s/ ekfJo
n|;oK ƒ (i' gfjb/ fdB dh izr ftu'A jh BZ; e/ b[e rJ/ ;B) tho uZeo
s/ gowtho uZeo fwbd/ t/y/. w?ƒ fJ; izr ftu rzB fcZNo d/ tXhnk ezw
pdb/, d' ;/tk w?vb gqkgs j'J/. S/ ;kb j'D bZr/ ;B, c"ih B'eoh eofdnK,
fe wkwk ih nk Xwe/. T[jBK d/ xo e'Jh g[Zso BjhA ;h, d' XhnK jh ;B.
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fgzv ik y/sh eoB bZrk. w/ok nZyV g[Dk s/ wkwk ih dk ;ys otJhnk,
ns/ nkgDh IwhB dk w'j fBGk Bk j'fJnk. fJZe ;kb pkd fco fgzv nk
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wfjew/ ftu B'eoh s/ ik bZfrnk. ;KM/ gqtko ns/ G?D GoktK s/ ;G e[M
(2)
b[NKdk frnk. T[jBK dh gVQkJh ns/ nkoEe wzdjkbh, B/ eu{wo eY
Xfonk. gVQkJh g{oh j' ikD s/ B"eohnK s/ br ikD s/, T[j Gh nZyK c/o
rJ/. ehs/ rJ/ nfj;kBK ƒ w[V edh :kd Bk ehsk. ;r'A pj[sh gVQkJh dh
pd"bs nc;oh d/ ro{o ftu, w/o/ fjZ;/ dh IwhB, nDgVQ pkg{ s'A, eoi/
d/ pjkB/ nzr{mk brtk e/ X'y/ Bkb t/u fdZsh. bzwh bVkJh ns/ yZib
y[nkoh s'A pknd fJj uko f;nkV IwhB tkg; b? ;fenk. tkfjr[o{ B/ d'
j'Djko pZu/ p\; fds/, p/Nh Btdhg e"o s/ p/Nk eztodhg f;zx. B"eoh
d"okB pj[s T[sok uVkn nkJ/. iBtoh 1973 ftu yzv/ dh gj[b gqkgs
ehsh. ;zB 1975 ftu r[owfs fwPBoh ekbi fdZbh Bkb ;pzXs j' e/ ;/tk
nkozG fdZsh. B"eoh eofdnK jh r[ows ;kfjs gfVQnk, r[opkDh noE
gVQ/, fJfsjk; dk nfXn?B ehsk. wzr w[skpe r[o{ xoK ftu eEk s/
b?euo dh ;/tk Gh eodk fojk. wkB;k, pfmzvk, ;o;k, ;zrohnk, gfNnkbk,
cohde'N, r'fBnkDk wzvh, nkfd PfjoK ftu r[ows ;NZvh e/Ado ;Ekgs
ehs/. tes eZY e/ ;t/o/ Pkw pZ; nZfvnK ftu, jkeo pDe/ Xkowe
g[;seK, ezx/ eV/ Gh t/u/.
;zB 1984 dk efjo, dopko ;kfjp s/ jwbk eoe/ Gkosh
c"iK B/ x'o gkg ehsk, jo f;Zy sVfgnk. j'o nB/e dodBke
xNBktK tkgohnK. GVekT[ b?euo (Gkos ;oeko fto[X izr^124
J/) dk fJbikw bke/ w?ƒ frqcsko eo fbnk frnk. C.I.A. ;Nk|
pfmzvk tkfbnK, gzdoK fdBk d/ Boeh fowKv s'A pkd j[bhnk ftrkV
e/, ;?ANob i/bQ G/i fdZsk. pfmzvk i/bQ nzdo ny"sh ykVe{ ns/
n;bh ykVe{nK ƒ fwbD, goyD dk w"ek fwfbnk. fJE/ jh f;Zy
;N{v?AN c?vo/PB d/ “;zs f;gkjhnK” dk wkBf;e gZy'A ns/ j";b/
gZy'A fdtkbk fBefbnk t/fynk. fJ;/ EK fjo;h s/ “b[N/o/ ;zsK” d/
doPB dhdko eoB dk “;[Gkr” pfDnk. fJ;/ i/bQ ftu pzd, ijki
nrtkeko, GkJh r[op\; f;zx T[oc w[;hps f;zx (fgzv gZek ebk) ƒ
r[ows fto'Xh wzd eko/ eod/ ;[fDnk t/fynk. fJjBK ;kfonK Bkb
;woEk w[skpe f;XKse bVkJh bVh. tZvk NeokT[ j'fJnk, bfjokp/rk
(3)
fgzv d/ f;zxK, GkJh fBowb f;zx ns/ ;qL s'rk f;zx d/ ;fj:'r Bkb fJ;
bVkJh ftu ;cbsk fwbh. fJjBK ny"sh c?vo/PBhnK ns/ Ne;kbhnK
tb'A bkJ/ fJbikwK ekoB dk; ƒ d[pkok pfmzvk C.I.A. ;Nkc tkb/ b? rJ/. gzdoK fdBk d/ s;hfjnK s'A pkd nX wfonk eoe/ i/b ftu ;[ZN
rJ/. fto'Xh bkD/ B/ bZv{ tzv/, GzrV/ gkJ/. GkDk eosko dk fi; g[fb;
nc;o B/ w/o/ T[go d[pkok M{m/ e/; gkJ/ ;B, T[;ƒ pkjo fe;/ ykVe{
ro[Zg B/, gzdoK fdBK d/ nzdo gko p[bk fdZsk. fJ; dfjPs Goh xNBk
ekoB, ny"sh ykVe{nK s/ ;kX bkD/ B/, fco edh nZy u[Zee/ BjhA t/fynk.
frqcskoh ekoB B"eoh s'A w[nZsb j' frnk, e'Jh j'o nkwdD dk
;kXB j? BjhA ;h. fiBQK s/ T[wo Go bj{ fSVfenk, wK ikJ/ Gok nZyK c/o
rJ/. fJ; w[;hps ftu T[jBK r[of;yK B/ GoG{o wds ehsh, fiBK ƒ r[o{
BkBe dh f;fynk dk frnkB ;h. T[jBK r[of;ZyK B/ x'o ;zeN ;w/A w/o/
gfotko dh nB/eK yso/ f;o b? e/ jo gZy'A wdd ehsh. w?A ;dk T[jBK dk
foDh ojKrk. T[j ;B ;H nikfJp f;zx, ;H pbftzdo f;zx, ;H eow
f;zx, ;H ftzdo f;zx wkB;k s'A. ;H wbehs f;zx, ;H ;[yd/t f;zx,
n?;Hn?wH p?Noh tkb/ s/ pkpk nkswk f;zx, ;H i;tzs f;zx, ;H rwd{o
f;zx, pfmzv/ s'A B/ gqtko ƒ v[ZpD' pukfJnk, j";bk fdZsk. fco Gh fJ;
;w/A ihtB ;kED ƒ nkoEe ns/ wkBf;e ;zskg G'rDk fgnk. fdwkrh
jkbs ftrV rJh. fJZe ;kb s'A tZX ;wK eZNe/ i/jb s'A fojkJh fwbh,
fco nke/ ;odkoBh dk bzwk fJbki eokT[Dk fgnk. w/oh r?o jkIoh
ftu, pZfunK ƒ v'bD s'A pukfJnk, Xkowe w[ekpfbnK ftu Pkwb
eokT[Adh ojh. pZu/ ;z;koh ftfdnk gVQfdnK Bkb r[ows ftu Gh gogZe
j' rJ/, ;N/i s/ p'bD tkb/ uzr/ p[bko/ pD rJ/. p/Nh Btdhg e"o M.A. Xow nfXn?B r'bv w?vfb;, M.A. gzikph, phH n?Zv, frnkBh, nkoehN?eN
dk fvgb'wk, fwPBoh e'o; nkfd eo rJh. p/Nk phHJ/H frnkBh, fvtBNh,
fwPBoh e'o; nkfd gk; eo frnk. phph ;[yfizdo e"o (B{zj) fwbh
fi;B/ phHn?;H;hH, n?wHJ/H fJzrfbP gVQkJh w[ezwb ehsh j'Jh j? (fJ;B/
feskp B{z fbytkT[D ftu, go{c ohfvzr ftu pj[s wdd ehsh)
(4)
e[M io{oh ekotkJhnK g{ohnK eoB s'A pkd w?ƒ w[V nkgDh T[;/
g[okDh B'eoh s/ pjkb eo fdZsk frnk. Pq'wDh ew/Nh tb'A fpBk wzr/, d;
jiko o[g? ;jkfJsk bJh G/i/ rJ/. iBtoh 1993 ftu GkJh wBihs f;zx
w[Zy ;/tkdko nkBzdg[o ;kfjp ƒ ekoiekoh iE/dko nekb sys dh ;/tk
;zGkb fdZsh rJh. w?A fJjBK Bkb gzEe w;fbnK pko/, bzwh ftuko
ehsh. fJ;B/ w?ƒ nkgDk w[Zy ;bkjeko fB:[es eo fbnk, s/ w?A nkgDh
;oekoh B"eoh s'A nr/sh foNkfJow?AN b? e/ fJjBK Bkb ;/tk s/ jkIo j'
frnk. iBtoh 93 s'A ;szpo 95 sZe. fJ; nj[d/ s/ ofje/, f;nk;h
bhvoK, Xkowe ;/tkdkoK ƒ B/fVUA j'e/ t/yD goyD dk w"ek fwfbnk.
tZv/ S'N/ nj[fdnK s/ p?m/ ftneshnK dh soi/ fIzdrh t/ye/, nsh fBok;sk
j'Jh. fJ; bJh iE/dko Bkb x[ND wfj;{; eofdnK, fsnkr gZso d/
fdZsk. T[gqzs ;kfjpikdk i[Mko f;zx r[ows fwPBoh ekbi ftu, fJfsjk;
gVkT[D dh ;/tk s/ ik jkIo j'fJnk. fszB e[ ;kb s'A pkd e[M nD;[ykt/A
ekoBK eoe/, T[E'A Gh fsnkr gZso d/ fdZsk. fJsB/ ftu w/om s/ foPhe/;
fty/ S/ e[ wjhB/ Xow ftfdnk gVQkT[D dh ;/tk ehsh. frnkBh irihs
f;zx f;deh ns/ GkJh fJzdoihs f;zx okDk ns/ ;kEhnK d/ T[Zdw ;dek,
b[fXnkDk fty/ r[ows frnkB fwPBoh ekbi, 1996 s'A P[o{ j' frnk.
sd'A s'A dk; T[E/ fJfsjk; gVkT[D dh fIzw/tkoh fBGk fojk j?. e?B/vk,
fJzrb?v, iowBh, U.A.E. nkfd d/PK ftu Xow gquko bJh ikD dk w"ek
fwfbnk j?. fJZe ;" s'A tZX Xkofwe b/y j[D se gofunK ftu Sg u[e/
jB. d; S'N/ feskpu/ Skge/ ;zrsK sZe g[uk u[fenk jK. eJh ;ko/ b/y
jkbh nDSg/ gJ/ jB. r[ows f;XKsK ƒ fByko e/ g/P eoB tkbhnK
CDs Gh eZY uZ[fenk jK. w'jkbh fty/ 26 nes{po 2003 ƒ j'Jh ftPt
f;Zy ebt?PB ƒ, ekw:kp eoB tk;s/, pDdk ;odk :'rdkB gkfJnk
;h. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ uoBK ftu nodk; j? fe nkyoh ;[nk;K se nkgD/
do dh ;/tk b?Adk oj/.
r[ows pko/ fJ; bzwh emB xkbDk ftu'A i' f;fynk, gktB
r[opkDh ns/ fJfsjk; ftu'A i' wkDe w'sh bZG ;fenk, T[j ;zrsK nZr/
(5)
go'; fojk jK. pj[s/ b/y f;XKse jB. fJ; bJh eJh tkoh gVQe/, u[ZGD
wfj;{; Gh j' ;edh j?. feT[Afe nkw f;Zy nZi se e/tb r[o{ xo Bkb
PoXk tkb/ gZy ekoB jh i[fVnk j'fJnk j?, frnkB bZrGr BKj d/
pokpo jh j?. r[opkDh frnkB dk ;kro j?, fJfsjk; goT[geko s/
;{owrsh dh f;yo j?. r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu i' gfVQnk, ftdtkBK s'A
f;fynk, ihtB siop/ Bkb foVfenk T[jh pDk ;ztko e/ gkmeK dh ;/tk
ftu jkIo j?. w?ƒ edh fuZs u/sk Gh BjhA ;h fe tZvh g{oh feskp fbyD
d/ ;woE j' ;eKrk, T[j Gh f;XKse feskp < fJ; fgS/ ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB
dh feogk s'A pkd w/o/ ;fseko:'r tZv/ tho, fiBQK ƒ w?A nkgD/ wB ftu
fIzdrh dk wkvb ;theko ehsk j'fJnk j? T[j jB, fgqz;hgb ezto wfjzdo
gqskg f;zx ih. fiBQk s'A w?A r[ows frnkB pko/ fgSb/ shj ;kb s'A f;ydk
nk fojk jK. T[j f;ykT[Ad/ j'J/ Bk Eed/ jB Bk ned/ jB, S[ge/ ofjD
dh fJZSk Bkb, brksko ezw eod/ jB. T[jBK dh d/D w?A edh d/ BjhA
;eKrk.
w? w{oy eh e/se pks j? e'fN gokXh sfonk o/]
r[o{ BkBe[ fiB ;[fDnk g/fynk ;/ fcfo roGkf; B gfonk o/] (612)
r[ows y'ih, goukoe ns/ j'o ftdtkB ;ZiD, r[opkDh d/ ukBD
ftu feskp ƒ goy e/, nro e'Jh ehwsh ;[Mk d/Dr/ sK fyV/ wZE/
;theko eoKrk. nkT[AdhnK n?vh;BK ftu ;'X eo btKrk. XzBtkd `
gq;z;eK dk Gh, *s/ nb'ueK dk Gh.
r[o{ xo dk ;/tkdko
fJzdo f;zx xZrk
(6)
g/Fekohg/Fekohg/Fekohg/Fekohg/FekohvkL jofizdo f;zx ‘fdbrho’
f;Zy ndp dhnK BhjK ftu e[M Ezw nfij/ Gh bZr/ j'J/ jB, fiBQK
ƒ jhfonK dhnK uNkBK nkyDk tkfip j't/rk. fe;/ ;[zdo fJwkos dh
fizd ikB, T[;dhnK BhjK ftu bZrhnK fJZNK ns/ w;kb/ *s/ w[BZ;o j'fJnk
eodh j?. eJh tkoh T[uhnK fJwkosK dhnK BhjK ftubh ewI'oh fgZbhnK
fJZNK, o/s dh pj[sks tkb/ xNhnk w;kb/ ekoB, bZfrnk pj[s ;kok g?;k,
nikJhA ubk iKdk j?. i/ edh f;nkDk fw;soh ezXK ftu fJZe d' wIp{s
Ewb/ T[;ko d/t/ sK MZyVK s[ckBK ftu, fJwkos ;kps sK Gkt/A Bk ofj
;e/, go T[; dk w{zj w[jKdok gSkfDnk ik ;edk j?. neb ns/ fwjBs
Bkb T[;ƒ w[V T[j' jh Peb fdZsh ik ;edh j?. f;Zy gzE d/ ndph wjb
ftu p/ soshph ns/ eZu/ w;kb/ dh Gowko j?. go nkcohB jB T[j uzd
fJZe uNkBK fijVhnK f;Zy ndp d/ wjb dhnK BhjK ftu nv'b yb'shnk
;kc fd; nkT[AdhnK jB. fJT[ gqshs j[zdk j? fJj Ewb/ Bjh fJZNK rkok
BjhA ;r'A jhfonK dhnK uNkBK jB. feT[Afe jhok ;ko/ gZEoK s'A wIp{s
j[zdk j?. efjzd/ B/ jho/ ƒ jhok sK eZN s'V ;edk j?, j'o e'Jh eZN BjhA
;edk. f;Zy ;kfjs dhnK nfijhnK ehwsh, BhjK ftu bZr/ c"bkdh jho/,
T[jBK dh ehws gkT[Dh ;zGt BjhA j?. fJjBK ftu gq'L r[ow[y f;zx, frL
fds f;zx, ;qL eow f;zx fj;N'ohnB nkgDh fw;kb nkg jB. go fJj
jho/ sK pj[s gfjbK j' r[io/ jB. fJjBK d/ ftdk j' ikD wro'A fco fJZe
ybkn fijk g?dk j' frnk ;h. w/o/ torh ykVe{ s/ uVQdh ebk ftu trD
tkbh ebw ƒ “fdbrhoh” dk nfj;k; j'D bZr fgnk ;h. nfijk
Gkf;nk fes/ j[D wod b/yeK dh bVh ysw sK BjhA j' ikt/rh <
fJZe fdB pqfwzxw (U.K.) p?fmnK fJzNoB?ZN d/ toe/ gosfdnK,
(7)
fJZe b/y Bioh fgnk. fJZe tko, d'tko, gfVQnk, o{j BfPnk rJh, wB
fyV frnk. f;zx ;Gk bfjo d/ w'YhnK dh soi^J/^fpnkBh s/ fbfynk
b/y gq'L fJzdo f;zx xZrk ih dk ;kv/ ;Bw[Zy ;h. fJZe tko fco gfVQnk,
:ehB BjhA j' fojk ;h, fe fJj b/y fJZe r[zwBkw fij/ ftnesh tb'A,
fbfynk j'fJnk j't/rk. ;r'A gfjbh Bio/ ebw dh gogZesk dk nfj;k;,
X[o nzdo T[so frnk. w?ƒ fJT[A gqshs j'fJnk, fit/A fe;/ B/ w/o/ fdb dh
nDejh rZb ƒ p[ZM e/ ekri dh fjZe s/ T[sko fdZsk j't/. eh e'Jh P\;
fJzBfpzB w/oh ;'u tkbk Gh j' ;edk j? < nzdo sKx g?dk j' rJh fe fJ;
“f;zx” ƒ Io{o fwfbnk ikt/. fJzB/ ftu w/ok fJZe d';s ;qL ikrho f;zx
“jwdod” w/o/ e'b nk g[Zik. T[; df;nk fe fJj tho fJzdo f;zx xZrk,
wBihs f;zx ;kpek iE/dko Bkb ps"o fBih ;jkfJZe ;/tk fBGk fojk j?.
w?A GkJh wBihs f;zx ƒ fBih s'o s/ ikDdk ;K. fJ; bJh xZrk ih ƒ
fwbD bJh g?dk j'Jh sKx, wZXw g? rJh. ;'funk wBk iE/dkoK dh ih
ji{oh eoB tkbk P\;, ykVe{ ;'u dk XkoBh BjhA ofj ;edk, T[;ƒ
nDy fsnkr e/ ;zg{oB r[bkwh ;theko eoBh g?Adh j?. w/oh ;'u ;jh
;kps j'Jh. e[M jh fdBK wro'A gsk bZrk fe tho fJzdo f;zx B/ sK
wBihs f;zx iE/dko dk ;kE pj[s d/o s'A SZv fdZsk j?. fJ; wro'A T[jBK
ƒ fwbD bJh w/oh ewI'o g? rJh fJZSk fco pbtkB j' rJh.
nr;s 2003 ftu w?A tsBh gos nkfJnk. fJ; s'A pknd xZrk
ih d/ e[M j'o b/ye gVQB dk w"ek fwfbnk. p;, fJ; wro'A w?ƒ j'o ;'uD
ftukoB dh b'V Bk gJh. fJZe fwbDh dk ;pZp sK ;kv/ ftueko seZbc
BK dh e'Jh nbkws Bk ojh. j[D sK fJT[A wb{w j[zdk j? fe n;hA t;d/
Gkt/A nbZr nbZr PfjoK ftu jK, go fdbK dh ;KM okjh e'b e'b jh
ofjzd/ jK. gq'L fJzdo f;zx dk jo BtK b/y w/oh BIo *u'A Io{o bzxdk j?.
jo tko w?ƒ BthBsk gqkgs j[zdh j?. ;'udk jK fe nfijh ;'u tkb/ f;ZyK
dk nro fJZe ekcbk pD ikt/. Bth ftfrnkBe ;'u ftu Ykbe/ fJfsjk;
s/ r[ows ;kfjs fbfynk ikt/HHHHH. eh edh fJj ;zGt j' ;e/rk < fJBK
fgnko GohnK fwbDhnK d"okB jh fJZe fdB tho ih B/ ngDZs Bkb w?ƒ
(8)
fJj wkD fdZsk fe Bth Sg ojh feskp ^ “Xow d/ BK s/HHH” dh g/Pekoh
fbyK.
tho fJzdo f;zx dh fJj feskp tZy^tZy ftfPnK Bkb ;pzXs
r[ows d/ f;XKse gfjb{nK pko/ gq"V wkBf;e gZXo dh ;{ue j?. j'o y{ph
fJj fe b/ye fgSb/ shj ;kb s'A r[ows ;N/iK s/ eEk$b?euoK okjhA
nkgDh Bt/ebh ;'u dk gorNktk eodk nk fojk j?. fe;/ d/ “frZN/ bZr/
r'v/ bZr/”, d/ w[jkto/ tKr r[ows d/ “nDhnkb/ sho” ekch fsZy/ wfj;{;
j[zd/ jB. go r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu jh soe; ftu'A SZv/ iKd/ jB. fiE/
b/ye ftP/ pko/ v{zxh tkech d/ fojk j[zdk j?, T[E/ jo ftuko ƒ r[opkDh dh
e;tZNh s/ goyD dk wkfjo Gh j?. b/y dk ikpsk, ebuo, fJfsjk;,
g[okDe eEktK nkfd ƒ EK f;o oZyD dk j[ZBo Gh b/ye ƒ pky{ph nkT[Adk
j?. T[j gkme dh g{oh fdbu;gh pDkJh oZydk j?, gkme ƒ nkgDh okJ/
dk jkDh pDke/, nkgD/ Bkb N'o e/ wzfib sZe b? iKdk j?. nfijh y{ph
fes/ fes/ jh t/yD ƒ fwbdh j?.
fJj g[;se ;w{buh jh w/oh g;zd ftu j?, e[M b/y fJ; ftu
wk;No gh; nytkT[D d/ jZedko jB. f;Zy cb;c/ ftu ny"sh eokwksK,
ikd{ N{D/, G{s gq/s, fuZNk ekbk fJbw, ƒ e'Jh EK BjhA. f;Zy Xow ftu
n;b “eokwks” db/oh, pjkdoh tkb/ ekoBkfwnK ƒ wzfBnk frnk j?.
T[j db/oh Gkt/A ;fsr[o{ ih d/ T[gd/PK dh j't/, T[jBK dhnK fbysK gktB
r[opkDh dh j't/ iK T[jBK tb'A gkJ/ g{ofBnK dh j't/. Gkt/A T[j db/oh
GkJh T[d? f;zx GkJh pfuso f;zx, GkJh nkbw f;zx iK GkJh pki f;zx
pzdk f;zx dh. T[j ;{owrsh 1705 dh j't/ 1762 dh iK 1984 dh. fJjh
;{owrsh n;bh s/ “ikjok eokwks” j?. fJ; feskp ftu f;Zy cb;c/
dhnK fJjBK ikjoK eokwksK ƒ y{p;{os nzdki ftu g/P ehsk frnk j?.
gq'fjs g[ikohnK B/ Boe ;tor, g[Bo iBw, fe;ws dk r/V, fgSb/
eowK dk cb, dkB g[zB nkfd dk ikb ftSke/ G'b/ b'eK ƒ ;dhnK s'A
“Xkowe mZrh” okjhA b[ZN e/ ykXk j?. “Boe ;[or eh j?” b/y ftu fJ;/
gki ƒ T[xkfVnk frnk j?. nekb sys ƒ ;w[Zu/ f;Zy irs dk ;KMk
(9)
nbzpodko Bk ofjD d/ e/, fJZe XV/ B/ fJ;ƒ nkgDh iZdh ikfJdks pDk
fbnk j?. fBZih feVK eZYD bJh, iksh w[ckdK tk;s/, ny"sh j[ewBkfwnK
ƒ jfEnko pDk e/, fJ; gzEe ;z;Ek ƒ B/;s'A Bkp{d eoB dk pZIo gkg
ehsk frnk j?. tho fJzdo f;zx B/ fJ; Bki[e s/ nsh b'VhAd/ ftP/ s/ g{oh
p/pkeh Bkb ebw ubkJh s/ fJ; bfjo ƒ nZr/ N'fonk j?. gq'fjstkd ns/
oki;h ieV ftu'A nekb sys ƒ nkIkd eokT[D tkfbnK dh fJ; bfjo
ftu Pkwb j'e/, gq'L xZrk B/ fieo:'r fjZ;k gkfJnk j?. T[;/ db/oh dk
gqsZy ;p{s jB fJ; feskp d/ d' b/y nkX[fBe gq;zr ftu “j[ewBkwk ns/
nekb sys dh d[otos'A pko/ b/y fJ;/ gki ƒ T[xkVd/ jB.
d[Bhnk ftu pE/o/ g[oP j'J/ jB, go i[r ƒ pdb d/D tkbk,
fJfsjk; ƒ T[bN fdPk tb N[oB bJh wIp{o eoB tkbk, wjKpbh edh
edkJh fe;ws Bkb jh gqrN j'fJnk eodk j?. g[okDe wjKGkos dh
eEk okjhA ;[nkdb/ ns/ Bt/eb/ nzdkI ftu, b/ye B/ d;w gksPkj ji{o
ƒ i[Zr g[oP nky e/ ;Zuh PoXk gqrN ehsh j?. “fJfsjk; dh w"s” fJZe
j'o y{p;{os b/y j?, fi; ƒ gVQe/ fJZe tkoh sk f;o ueok iKdk j?. fe
j? i' e[M n;hA nZi se gVQ fby oj/ ;h, eh fco T[j w[odk bk; tork
fJfsjk; jh ;h < Mzi'V e/ irkT[D tkbk ikBdko b/y j?. w[Vw[V gVQB ƒ
fdb eodk j?, fJT[A gqshs j[zdk j? fe b/ye B/ fJfsjk; ƒ woB'A puk
fbnk j?. fJZe b/y j? “f;Zy G'iB”. wk; pko/ pIko ftu eJh g[;seK
nk uZ[ehnK jB. go gkmeK ƒ fJ; b/y ftu'A BthBsw frnkB gqkgs
j't/rk. ;zsK wjzsK dk r[ows ftu e'Jh tyok o[spk BjhA j?. fco Gh
v/o/dko f;ZyK ƒ Gowke/ nkgD/ v/fonK tZb fyZuD ftu ekw:kp j' oj/
jB. G'b/ f;Zy tes s/ ;wK ftnoE rztK oj/ jB. b/ye B/ “s/ ;zs G'b/
r[of;Zy j?” fby e/ ;[uZih nrtkJh fdZsh j?. wksk fgsk pZfunK ƒ r[ows
ftfdnk d/D s'A bkgqtkjh tos iKd/ jB. fi; ekoB pZu/ e[okj/ g? e/ wksk
fgsk dk Bkw ebzes eod/ jB s/ nkgDh fIzdrh nzXeko ftu roe eo b?Ad/
jB. fJZe b/y “Xow ftfdnkHHHH” fbye/, fJfsjk; ftu fdb N[zpD/ gq;zr
Bkb i'Ve/, nfijk fdbeP BePk pzfBnk j? fe gVQe/ jh ;kj bJhdk j?.
(10)
“r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/” b/y ftu shoEK dh ns/ eKtK s'A
jz; pDB dh rkEk fpnkBh rJh j?. fi; db/oh Bkb ;zt/dBPhb ftP/ ƒ
gfjbK fe;/ xZN jh jZE gkfJnk j?. tho xZrk ih ƒ fJ; i[nos bJh
tXkJh. “fJPe jeheh tkbk gzikp fe; okj”, tkbk b/y fJPe wikih
dhnK jho oKMk, ;Z;h g[zƒ, fwoik ;kfjpK nkfd dh eos{s fpnkB eoe/,
fco Pkw f;zx nNkoh tkbk, joh f;zx Bb{nk, GkJh wBh f;zx sko{ f;zx
uko ;kfjpIkd/HHHH. f;ZyK ƒ fgnko/ BjhA bZrd/, nfPe ftrV/ w[zv/ e[VhnK
jh uzr/ brd/ jB. tkj w/o/ tho xZrk ih s[;hA tdkDh u'N wkoh, nkcohB.
fJZe pj[s jh ;zt/dBPhb b/y j?, “f;Zy nodk; nkX[fBe gq;zr ftu”.
fJ; b/y ƒ d' tko gfVQnk, nzdo'A e[M NZ[ND dh nktkI nkJh. T[j ;h
nodk; pko/ T[wo Go pDh PoXk. eh f;Zy gzE ftu e/tb PoXk jh
gqtkB j?, frnkB BjhA < ;wki dk tv/ok fjZ;k PoXk ƒ jh Xow gotkB
eo u[Zek j?, id'A fe fJj nX{ok ;Zu j?. fJj nodk; tkbk b/y pj[s
n"fynk j'e/ ;zx j/mK T[skoBk g?Adk j?. ;Zu w[Zu gfjbh tko fe;/ ebw B/
fJ; nsh Bki[e ft;/a ƒ ebwpzd ehsk j?. nZyo nZyo Bki[nkp j?, go
fdb ƒ ;zGkbe/ gVBk gt/rk, toBkHHHHH. ;kvhnK gqw[y iE/pzdhnK B/
nkgDh fizw/tkoh ƒ BjhA fBGkfJnk. B"itkB do do dhnK m'eoK yk oj/
jB. Gfty nzXeko wJh j?, Bf;nK ftu roe j' oj/ jB, p/o[Irkoh j?.
fe;/ ƒ e'Jh fceo BjhA j?, ;kv/ fJjBK f;Zy jhfonK dk. gq'L fJzdo f;zx
B/, ew/NhnK d/ fizw/tko u"XohnK ƒ, tes f;o yohnK efj ;[DkJhnK
B/. go eh ;kv/ fdbh ew/Nh tkb/, nzfwqs;o SGPC tkb/ edh e[zGeoDh
BhAd ftu'A ikrDr/ < iK ;ko/ ykb;k gzE ƒ popkd eoB dk jh fJjBK
m/ek gqkgs ehsk j'fJnk j? < Ne;kb tkb/ bzw/ ;w/A s'A gouko okjhA
pqkjwDh eoweKvK ftu, r[of;ZyK ƒ T[bMk oj/ jB. r[opkDh s'A T[bN,
g"okDe e{V epkV gquko oj/ jB. edh fe;/ b/ye B/ xZN jh fjzws ehsh
j? T[jBK d/ gki Bzr/ eoB dh.
nkfyo ftu ykb;k ƒ oki y[P ikDdh fjod/t/Xe xNBk :kd
eotk e/ y{B y"bD bk fdZsk j?. fe; fwZNh d/ pD/ j'J/ ;B T[j f;Zy fiBQK f;oK
(11)
d/ rzi T[;ko e/ y{B d/ dfonk soe/, ykb;k oki dh ;EkgBk ehsh. nZi d/
f;ZyK dh s[bDk eo' oki gqkgsh tk;s/ e'Jh isB sK eh eoBk ;h, ;r'A oki
dhnK :kdK jh wB w;se ftu'A fwNk fdZshnK. ft;kyh iK fdtkbh ƒ
dhgwkbk, nkfsPpkih ubk e/, y[Ph wBkJh iKdh j?. go eh r[bkwK ƒ Gh
e'Jh y[Ph j'fJnk eodh j?< “y[; u[Ze/ ykb;k oki dh :kd dtkT[D bJh fywK
ukj[zd/ jK”, go fJj dodBke eKv fet/A G[bKr/ < ;kek ;ojzd, thjthA ;dh
dk Pq'wDh f;Zy s/ fJeh ;kbk M{m ns/ fJZe ftfrnkBe b/y Pbkxk:'r jB.
“Xow d/ BK *s/HHHH`” g[;se w/oh BIo ftu, nsh ehwsh ouBk
j?, s/ gzEe fgnkfonK bJh Bk:kp s'jck j?, i' w/o/ tho xZrk ih B/ fdb
dhnK rfjokJhnK ftu'A fbfynk j?, r[opkDh dh e;tZNh s/ gofynk j?,
fJfsjk; ftu'A pjkdoK dhnK eokwksK bZGhnK jB, cb;c/ dhnK pkohehnK
ƒ ;wfMnk j?. fco fIzdrh d/ gogZe siop/ okjhA fJjBK dh u'D eoe/,
gzE fgnko tkbhnK gftZso o{jK nZr/ go'f;nk j?. w/oh ;bkw j? fJ;
db/o ebw ƒ fi; tes gzE d/ ny"sh^ftdtkB nekbh u"XohnK dhnK
uZgbK uZND bJh jZE pzBh tkoh dh T[vhe ftu jB. T[;/ jh t/b/ nfijhnK
ebwK Gh w"i{d jB, i' u"XohnK tZb'A g/P ehs/ bkbu, nj[fdnK, ;BwkBK
ns/ d"bs ƒ m[eok e/ ;Zu' ;Zu nkyD dh i[nos eodhnK jB. pfbjko
iktK, fiBQK XwehnK ns/ ysfonK dh gqtkj Bk eofdnK, ;w/A f;o ;Zu
nky ;[DkfJnk j?. w/o/ tho fJzdo f;zx dh ebw ƒ w?A “jw/;[b ;bkw/”
nky ;edk jK. fJj :kd oj/, w?A ftnesh d/ fBZi dh rZb BjhA ehsh,
;Zu fpnkB eoB tkbh ebw ƒ BwPeko ehsh j?. gqpzXeK ns/ gqukoeK
bJh fJj feskp gVQBh nsh Io{o ;wM e/, gVQB dh f;cko; eodk jK.
T[whd jh BjhA ftPtk; j? fe ;Zu Bkb s/ r[opkDh Bkb fgnko eoB tkb/
fJ; g[;se ƒ Io{o ;fsekoBr/.
gzEe ;/te ^ vkL jofizdo f;zx fdbrho
[[[[
(12)
**r[nku uZ [e/ f;Zy d/; d/ tko;' s[jkB{ z**r[nku uZ [e/ f;Zy d/; d/ tko;' s[jkB{ z**r[nku uZ [e/ f;Zy d/; d/ tko;' s[jkB{ z**r[nku uZ [e/ f;Zy d/; d/ tko;' s[jkB{ z**r[nku uZ [e/ f;Zy d/; d/ tko;' s[jkB{ zr[og[op w[pkoe**r[og[op w[pkoe**r[og[op w[pkoe**r[og[op w[pkoe**r[og[op w[pkoe**HHHHHH<<<<<
“g'Eh gow/;o ek EkB[” d/ gfjb/ gqekP ƒ :kd eofdnK, f;Zy
;wki B/ 400 ;kbk iPB pVh X{wXkw Bkb wBkJ/ s/ wBkT[D/ ikoh jB.
r[o{ rqzE ih dk T[gd/P T[GkoB goukoB dh Ekt/A, p/JhwkB bhvoK B/,
nkgD/ nkg ƒ godoPs eoB dk fxBkT[Dk eow ehsk j?. r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp dk ngwkB eoB tkb/, f;Zyh ƒ wbhnk w/N eoB tkb/, r[o{ rqzE ih
dhnK jikoK gktB phVK nrB G/N eokT[D tkb/, dopko ;kfjp ;w{zj s/
y{Bh jwbk eotkT[D tkb/, p/d'P/ f;Zy wkJh GkJh :kso{nK dk y{B vheK
bk e/ ghD tkb/HHHHr[og[op wBk oj/ jB. ;fsr[o{ ih dk puB j? ^
;[ofs wfs us[okJh skeh, fenk efo nkfy tykDhn?]
nzsfo pfj e? eow ewkt?, ;' uj[ e[zvh ikDhn?]
i' Xow[ ewkt?, fs;[ Xow BkT[ j't?, gkfg ewkt/, gkgh ikDhn?](138)
fJT[A ;wM bJhJ/ fe P?skB e[okB dhnK nkfJsK gVQe/, b'eK ƒ
Xow T[gd/P eoB dk y/yD eo fojk j?. P?skB fJZe BjhA, fuZN/ u'fbnK
ftu, Grt/A p;soK ftu, iK Bhb/ pkfDnK ftu, dBdBKd/ pVQeK wkod/
nDfrDs jB. e[M ;wK gfjbK “ft;kyh w[pkoe” sfjs e?B/vk d/ fJZe
nypko ftu pj[s jh dodBke dk;skB Sgh ;h. w?A T[; ƒ sd'A jh ;KG
fbnk ;h. fJ; fJpkos ƒ 400 ;kbk gqekP fdt; bJh, Iok e[ ;'Xe/
fby fojk jK. f;Zy B;b e[;h d/ erko s/ jB. f;Zy okiBhse e[okj/ g?
u[Ze/ jB, f;Zy Xow w[yh g{oh soK fBZxo uZ[e/ jB. e'Jh f;Zy :{[Bhtof;Nh,
f;Zy ekbi, nypko, ;?N/bkJhN u?Bb (r[ows ftuko eoB bJh) fJ;
400 ;kbk s/ P[o{ BjhA ehsk frnk. r[opkDh dhnK noEK tkbhnK g'EhnK
(13)
xo xo gZ[idhnK. d[Bhnk dhnK ;kohnK w[Zy p'bhnK ftu nB[tkd eoe/
u'DtK f;Zy ;kfjs gjz[ukfJnk iKdk. go nc;'; nfijk eoB s'A w[iowkBk
e'skjh ehsh rJh j?.
ni/ eZbQ dhnK rZbK jB, eohp d' bZy f;Zy B"i[nkB esb ehsk
frnk, xoK d/ fuokr r[Zb j'J/, pbkseko j'J/HHHH. fco fJj y[PhnK
dhgwkbk, tki/ rki/, wfmnkJhnK dk nkdkB godkB, wfonK dh y[;h
ftu < gzikp T[iVB dh y[Ph ftu < ;VeK s/ d"Ve/ (u/sBk wkouK dk
w{oysk Gfonk ezw) g;hBk pjke/, rZvhnK w'NoK dk s/b c{e e/, eh ;Zu
w[Zu f;ZyK ƒ neb nk ikt/rh < fco ;e{b ekbi :{Bhtof;NhnK pzd
BjhA eo d/DhnK ukjhdhnK < dhg wkbk Bkb f;ZyK d/ wB o'PB (frnkBtkB)
j' ikDr/ < gqXkB wzsoh, okPNogsh, GkigkJh, RSS, eh f;ZyK ƒ e[M d/ ;eDr/ < nZi sZe fJjBK ;kfonK B/ f;ZyK ƒ b[ZfNnk ns/ e[ZfNnk j?,
fco fJj fe; y[Ph ftu “w[Zy wfjwkB” pDke/ fBtki/ ik oj/ jB <
PoXkb{nK dk nEkj g?;k s/ ;wK popkd eo fdZsk frnk, go f;ZyK dh
jkbs ftu e'Jh spdhbh BjhA nkt/rh. ekP` fJj PoXktkBK dk g?;k
;uh w[Zuh “Xow ekoiK” s/ yofunk iKdk. f;Zy e"w dh fprVh ;zto
iKdh. go BjhA ` brd? ni/ f;Zy e"w dh fe;ws ftu j'o y[nkoh fbyh
j'Jh j?.
fJj popkdh e'Jh j'o BjhA eotk fojk, f;ZyK dk ipoh pfDnk
“g'g” gqekP f;zx pkdb eotk fojk j?. ny"sh iE/dko ep{so tKr nZyK
whNh p?m/ fpZbh d/ ubh ikD dh nk; bkJh p?m/ jB. pkdb g'g fet/A j?
Bw{Bk jkio j? ^ i/ ykb;k gzE rcbs ftu'A Bk ikfrnk sK pkdb
tofrnK “r[o{” pD ikD dk n?bkB Io{o eo d/Dk j?. p; n?t/A fJZe
wjhB godk fijk jh ftueko j?.
(1) eJhnK dk xkD eoe/ e/Ado dh nfdy skes Bkb nekbh db dk
;ot/ ;otk gqXkB.
(2) nekbh db ƒ s'Ve/ w'rk fty/ (1996) gzikph gkoNh fJ; dk BK
oZy fdZsk frnk.
(14)
(3) dopko ;kfjp ftu nkJ/ ftP/P wfjwkBK ƒ f;o'g/ dopko ;kfjp
d/ rqzEh fdnk eod/ ;B n?seh gqXkB wzsoh s/ okPNogsh ƒ y[d
pkdb B/ f;o'g/ fdZs/. Gkt fe pkdb dopko ;kfjp dk w[Zy rqzEh Gh
pD frnk.
(4) ;L r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk gqXkB d/ woD s/ s[ozs nekb sys d/ rqzEh
ƒ nkye/ N'jV/ ƒ “gzE osB” dk fyskp Gh pkdb B/ d[nkfJnk.
Gkt nekb sys dk ;kok ezw eki pkdb d/ fJ;ko/ s/ j' fojk j?.
;wM nk ojh j? fe nekb sys dk iE/dko Gh pkdb.
(5) Pq'wDh ew/Nh dk gqXkB Gh (nf;ZX/ Yzr Bkb) y[d gqekP f;zx pkdb j?.
(6) nzfwqs;o fty/ Bro ehosB ftu r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh skfpnK w[Zy
rqzEh p?fmnk eod/ ;B. n?seh wjkoki d/ skp/ T[; oE ftu w[Zy
rqzEh dh Ekt/A (dkjVh eN/ pkvh rkovK ;w/s) pkdb ih ;tko j'
rJ/. :kBh fe fJE/ Gh rqzEh dh fvT{Nh y'j bJh rJh. Gkt/A oE d/
gjhJ/ N[ZN rJ/ s/ gktB ;o{g dh p/ ndph j'Jh.
(7) fco ;o{g u[Ze e/ fJZe x'Vk rZvh ftu ;tko eokfJnk frnk,
pkdb ;kfjp nkgD/ pkvhrkovK ;w/s T[; ftu Gh ik p?m/. fJsBk
Gko BK ;jkodh j'Jh rZvh fyZuD tkbh x'Vh iwhB s/ fvZr gJh s/
T[FZm Bk ;eh.
(8) ftdtkBK dh ekBcqz; ftu e[zihts GkPD i' fdZsk frnk fJZe “dkjVh
eN/ f;Zy” tZb'A fdZsk frnk.
(9) thj bZy b'e nzfwqs;o nkJ/ go pkdb s'A fpBK T[j j'o e[M BjhA
t/y ;e/.
(10) f;Zy e"w dk brgr gzikj eo'V o[fgnk popkd eo fdZsk frnk.
eh nfij/ jkbksK ftu f;ZyK dh uVQdh ebk j' ;edh j? < nZr/
f;ZyK dh d[odPk pko/ gV'Q ^
;kY/ 3 jIko ;kb s'A pqkjwDtkd dh ibkbs dk fPeko ns/
I[bw^ipo dh uZeh *u fg; oj/ b'eK ƒ r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh ;'u B/ fJzB/
pbtkB pDk fdZsk fe T[jBK B/ 19thA ;dh d/ P[o{ ftu jh fJ; Xosh T[Zs/
(15)
(w"i{dk ;kT{E J/Phnk fyZs/ ftu) fJZe f;Zy d/P ;Ekfgs eo fbnk, f;ZyK
d/ fJ; d/P dhnK jZdK d/ nzdo r[o{ ;kfjp d/ nkP/ nB[;ko b'eK B/
nIkdh dk fBZx wkfDnk. fJ; s'A gfjbK fe fJ; nIkdh dk fBZx d[Bhnk
d/ pkeh b'e th wkD ;ed/ pqkjwD B/ nkgDhnK e'MhnK ukbK d[nkok f;ZyK
dk nkgDk ikB s'A th tZX fgnkok tsB nzro/IK dh M'bh ftu gk fdZsk.
nkgD/ T[; fgnko/ tsB ƒ nIkd eotkT[D bJh f;ZyK tZb'A nEkj e[opkBhnK
;dek }[bkwh dh T[j bzwh oks 1947 ftu w[Zeh sK Io{o, go f;ZyK dk
nkgDk d/P d' e"wK B/ nkg; ftu nZXk nZXk tzv fbnk. fJZe B/ d/P ftu'A
wko e/ GikfJnk s/ d{;o/ dh }[bkwh nZi sZe jzYk oj/ jK.
T[; fyZs/ dh nIkdh bJh 80 ch;dh e[opkBhnK d/D tkfbnK
ƒ s'j|/ ftu eh fwfbnk <
! “f;Zy ;w[Zu/ s"o *s/ iwKdo{ c;kdh ns/ IokfJw g/Pk b'e jB s/
fJj ;{p/ d/ nwB^g;zd fjzd{nK bJh yso/ Goh tzrko pD/ j'J/ jB.
fvgNh efwPBo fJjBK fto[ZX ftP/P ;kXB ngDkT[D. f;ZyK ƒ
p/ekƒBh d/ okj gkT[D tkbhnK T[BQK dhnK T[j iwKdo{ gqpb o[uhnK
jB, fiBQK dk M[ekn fJ;soh joB ns/ b[ZN^wko tZb j?.” tZbG
GkJh gN/b rqfj wzsoh (gZso, BzL n?rfIfpN vhH 11$7, fwfs 10
nes{po 1947)
! “r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih G[ZbV d/P Grs ;B.” ^ M.K. rKXh ! “don;b r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx B/ r[o{ BkBe dh ftukoXkok dk ftek;
o'e fdZsk. T[j f;Zy ;fGnkuko d/ gsB dk :[Zr ;h.” oftzdoBkE
N?r'o
! “xZN frDshnK ƒ n;hA eZY d/D ftu iK tZvh gZXo s/ esb eo d/D
s/ ftPtk; BjhA oZyd/, ;r'A Xow dh spdhbh d/ ukjtkB jK.” ^
wjKtho fsnkrh
! “:{H ghH ftu pj[s ;ko/ G/VhJ/ (f;Zy) nk u[Ze/ jB, T[BQK ƒ fBekbDk
Io{oh j?.” ^ gqXkB wzsoh u"Xoh uoB f;zx
(16)
fuZso
! “fjzd{ fjzd';skB d/ wkbe jB, fJj rZb ;wM bJh ikt/.” ^
fBokX u"Xoh
! “w?A d/P nzdo f;ftb tko sK podkPs eo ;edk jK, gqzs{ gzikph
;{pk BjhA.” ^ gzfvs itkjo bkb Bfjo{ (21 nes{po 1960 gq?Z;
ekBcoz;)
! “id'A e'Jh tZvk doZys fvZrdk j? sK Xosh ezpdh j?.” ^ okiht
rKXh (f;ZyK d/ Btzpo 1984 ftu :'iBkpZX esb/nkw ;w/A)
! i{B 1984 ftu dopko ;kfjp ns/ pkeh 37 r[oXkwK s/ c"ih jwb/
ns/ jIkoK f;ZyK d/ esb dh gqPz;k eod/ j'J/ fJzdok rKXh ƒ
“d[ork wksk” d/ fyskp Bkb fBtkfink ^ tZb'A nNb fpjkoh
tkigkJh, gqXkB wzsoh.
! f;Zy fyZs/ ƒ o/fr;skB pDkT[D bJh gkDh d/ ;'w/ y'j/.
! f;Zy fyZs/ dk nkX[fBe s/ ftfrnkBe ftek; o'eD bJh gzikp dh
Xosh s/ ;fEs GkyVk v?w s'A g?dk j'Jh fpibh y'j e/ fdZbh s/
r[nKYh okiK ƒ fdZsh. f;ZyK ƒ fpjko s'A fjzd';skBh jkewK d/ fwZE/
j'J/ wfjzr/ Gkn s/ yohd e/ fbnKd/ e'b/ Bkb ub oj/ EowZb gbkNK
dh fpibh s/ fBoGo eo fdZsk, fi; Bkb T[E/ ofjzd/ pfPzd/ X{zJ/ s/
IfjohbhnK r?;K d/ n;o G[rsd/ ofjDr/. fGnkBe o'rK d/ fPeko
j' ikDr/. fjzd';skBh jkewK tZb'A e'bk pzd eoe/ fe;/ th ;w/A
Eowb gbKNK ƒ pzd ehsk ik ;edk j?. fco g{ok gzikp ;'e/ s/
jBQ/o/ dhnK r[|ktK *u r[zw j' ikt/rk. u/s/ oj/ e'b/ dk youk f;Zy
fe;kB d/ fojk j?, go fiBQK v?wK s/ gzikp dk jZE j?, T[E'A dh fpibh
j'o okiK ƒ w[|s tKr{z fdZsh ik ojh j?.
! f;Zy fyZs/ ftu T[Zu seBheh s/ nkX[fBe ekoykB/ Bk bZrD d/D/.
! f;Zy e"w d/ p"fXe (fdwkrh) ftek; ƒ o'eD bJh nzdookPNoh
gZXo d/ ftfdne ndko/ Bk y[ZbQD d/Dk. gzikp ftu gfVQnk fbfynK
dh do Gkos ftu'A u"E/ Bzpo s'A j[D T[Bht/A Bzpo *s/ gj[zu rJh j?.
(17)
^ (fJzvhnk N{v/$wkor ns/ wodw P[wkoh 2001) (j[D 22t/A Bzpo
s/ j?)
! f;Zy e"w ƒ ;ohoe ns/ wkBf;e s"o s/ rkbD bJh ny"sh ;fGnkuko
dh nkV j/m popkd eoBk, fit/A fe dko{ ghDh, pZeo/ p[bkT[D/ u'oh
:koh s/ nPbhbsk ƒ T[sPkfjs eoB tkbh nfijh xNhnk gZXo
dh rkfJZeh s/ ;kfjsekoh ƒ jZbkP/oh d/Dh. fJ; dh fw;kb nZi
b[fXnkDk fIbQk Pokp dh gqsh ihn ygs d/ ftZu d[Bhnk *u'A gfjb/
Bzpo *s/ j?. fJZe frDh^fwEh ;kfIP sfjs f;Zy itkBh ƒ soQK
soQK d/ BfPnK ftu v'fpnk ik fojk j?. “gzikp ftu jo shi/
ftfdnkoEh ns/ ;ZsthA ftfdnkoED B/ BPhb/ gdkoEK dh tos'A
ehsh j?.” ;ot/yD gzikp f;js ftGkr, NofpT{B, ngq?b 8,
2001, J/vI dh fpwkoh gzikp ftu nZr tKr c?b ojh j?.
! T[go'es w[ZfdnK gqsh id'A f;Zy e"w ;[u/s j'Jh sK T[BQK ƒ i{B 84
*u jfowzdo ;kfjp ;w/s 37 r[oXkwK s/ jwb/ T[gozs Btzpo 84
*u g{o/ Gkos *u f;ZyK ƒ :'iBkpZX fxBkUD/ esb/nkw dk ;kjwDk
eoBk fgnk.
! fJE/ jh pZ; BjhA fJ; Ibw fto[ZX o'; ti'A T[Zm/ f;ZyK B{z dfjPsrod
n?bkB e/ 25000 ƒ bktkfo; rodkB e/ ;kV fdZsk. fJ; dh
gVskb eoB tkb/ ;qL i;tzs f;zx ykbVk ƒ Gh wko fdZsk frnk.
j'o nB/e i/jbK ftu ;V oj/ jB. fJj i[bw brksko ikoh j?.
ni'eh ;fEsh
! fjzd';skB *u ofjD tkb/ jo ftnesh ƒ nfj;k; j'Dk ukjhdk j?
fe T[BQK d/ g{opi fjzd{ ;B. fJE/ ofjD tkb/ jo ftnesh ƒ fJj
wzBDk gt/rk fe T[j fjzd{nK dh n"bkd jB. ^ nkoH n?;H n?;H
w[yh e/H ;[doPB (24 cotoh, 2001)
! ;kvk fto'X eoB tkfbnK ƒ ;kvh skes dk nzdkIk j' ikDk ukjhdk
j?. okw wzdo dk fto'X eoB tkb/ fjzd';skB d/ BeP/ s'A fwNk fdZs/
ikDr/. ftPt fjzd{ gqhPd^w[yh, nP'e f;zxb, 23 iBtoh 2001
(18)
! f;Zy fjzd{nK dk nzr jB. ykb;k, fjzd{ e"w ƒ pukT[D tk;s/ c"ih
d;sk fsnko ehsk frnk ;h. ig[ ih rhsk dk ;ko j?. nkfd rqzE
(;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ƒ nkoH n?;H n?;H tkb/ nkfd rqzE efjzd/ jB)
ftubh r[opkDh n?;h frnkB rzrk j?, fijVh fjzd{ t/dK dh rzr'soh
s'A c[ZNdh j?. ^ nkoH n?;H n?;H
! f;Zy Xow ƒ y'ok bkT[D bJh r[o{vzw, okXk ;[nkwh, fBozekoh s/
ny"sh ;zsK ƒ ;oekoh Pfj d/ e/ gzikp d/ uZg/ uZg/ s/ v/okdkoh ƒ
T[sPkfjs eoBk, fi; dh fw;kb nZi jo f;Zy fJfsjk;e r[od[nko/
d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ fBZih v/fonK s/ wzdoK dh ;EkgBk ;gZPN BIo nk
ojh j?.
! f;Zy esb/nkw bJh iZr ikfjo j' u[Ze/ eksb ftneshnK s/ iE/pzdhnK
ƒ d' djke/ phs ikD s/ th ;IktK Bk d/DhnK, T[bNk T[Zu gZdthnK
Bkb fBtkiDk. (n?uH e/H n?bH Grs, irdhP NkJhNbo nkfd).
! gzikp dh Xosh s/ gqwkD{ jfEnko fcZN eoBk sK fe d{;o/ w[beK
Bkb :[ZX d/ ;w/A B[e;kB dh wko gzikp tk;h MZbD. toBD:'r j?
fe fe;/ th ;w/A fJBQK jfEnkoK ftu'A gqwkD{ bhe/I ekoD gzikp
nzdo tZvk d[yKs tkgo ;edk j?. fi; d/ spkje[zB Bshi/ ;kv/ G?D
GoktK ƒ G[rsD/ g?Dr/. (fw;kb ti'A ;'thns :{BhnB d/ Pfjo
uoB'ftb dk d[yKs ;z;ko ;kjwD/ j?)
! f;Zy fe;kBk dhnK fwjBs Bkb g?dk ehshnK fiD;K ƒ wzvhnK
ftu o'bDk, sK fe r[ops Bkb o[bdk j'fJnk gzikp dk f;Zy fe;kB
jw/PK jw/Pk bJh fjzd';skB dk r[bkw pfDnk oj/. fgSb/ ;w/A ftu
u"bK *s/ nkb{nK dh c;b dk jkb ;kv/ ;kjwD/ j?, fi; ekoB nZi
gzikp dk fe;kB y[de[PhnK eoB ftu d[Bhnk Go ftu ;G s'A nZr/
j?.
! nkofEe s/ ;wkfie w[ZfdnK *u bj{ b[jkD j'Jh f;Zy e"w ƒ pqkjwDtkd
dk d?As Xkofwe s"o *s/ th jVZgD bJh fsnko yVQk j?. fw;kb ti'A
Gkigk, eKro;, nkoH n?;H n?;H, piozr db, fPt ;?Bk, ftPt
(19)
fjzd{ gqhPd nkfd fiBQK dh f;ZyK s/ xZN frDshnK gqsh ;'u yk;
stZi' ukjz[dh j?.
! fgSb/ ;w/A ftu Gkosh ;oeko tb'A f;ZyK d/ j'J/ xkD s/ godk Bk
u[Ze/ ikD d/D s'A pknd, f;ZyK ƒ g{o/ Gkos *u pbh dk pZeok
pDkfJnk ik fojk j?. 20 wkou 2000 ƒ SZsh f;zxg[ok ftu 40
f;ZyK d/ j'J/ esb ns/ fJ;/ bVh nXhB ePwho ftu f;ZyK d/ j' oj/
esb d[Bhnk ;kjwD/ fJZe fw;kb jB. nZi sZe th fjzd';skB
;oeko B/ fJBQK esbK dh iKu bJh x/;b tZNh j'Jh j?. n;hA nk;
eod/ jK fe s[;hA fJ; ;ko/ d[yKs bJh I[zw/tko skesK, ekoDK s/
ftneshnK dh fBPkBd/jh eoB bJh nkgD/ e"wh coI ƒ gfjukDd/
j'J/, nkgDh ehwsh fIzdrh d/ e[M gb d/D dh y/ub eo'r/.
T[gq'es w[ZfdnK gqsh nkg ih dk fXnkB fyZud/ j'J/, e"w T[go
tkgoB tkb/ tZv/ d[yKs ƒ GKgfdnK jzM{nK GohnK nZyK s/ fEVedh
nktkI Bkb s[jkƒ ft;kyh w[pkoe `
e[M fejk sK jB/ok io/rk fet/A, u[Zg fojk sK PwkdkB eh efjDr/.
rhs dh w"s fJ; oks i/ j' rJh, w/ok ihDk w/o/ :ko fezM ;fjDr/.
fJj th PkfJd w/ok nkgDk tfjw j?
e'Jh dhtk ir/rk w/oh epo *s/,
i/ jtk fJj ojh epoK T[s/ sK eh
;G xoK *u th dht/ p[M/ ofjDr/.
nkgD/, f;oc v/Y ;dh gfjbK nIkd d/P dh :kd fdtkT[D bJh
fywK d/ ikue jK ` s[jkvh y[Ph ftu n;hA ftxB gkfJnk, w[nkc eo
d/Dk go edh r[bkw Gh y[P j' ;ed/ jB< y[P j'D dk Gow gkb b?D
tkb/ Bk;wM b'e edh nkIkdh dk fBZx BjhA wkD ;ed/HHHH.
[[[[
(20)
i[r g[oFi[r g[oFi[r g[oFi[r g[oFi[r g[oF(GktBktK d/ tfjD @u'I)
fjwkbk gops dh ;[zdotkdh, wBw'je fdqP, c[ZbK bZdh ;[jktDh
y[Pp{ Goh jtk, fBZxh X[Zg. d[nkg[o :[r dk :'Xk bk;kBh sho nzdkI
noiD s/ f;fynk dksk, ;fseko:'r r[o{ do'D nukohnk nkokw c[owk
oj/ jB. bzwh u[Zg s'A pknd noiD p'fbnk ^ “r[o{ ih s[;hA ;kB{z ;ko/
GoktK B{z nB/e gqeko dh ftZfdnk fdZsh, jo soQK d/ PPso n;so
ubkT[D ftu fBg[zB ehsk. w/o/ SZv/ shoK B{z t/y e/ s[;K eJh tko nkfynk
;h, p/N/ noiD s{z w/ok wkD tXkfJnk j?, w?A fisBh fwjBs ehsh s{z T[;
s'A tZX ;|bsk jk;b ehsh. izr ftu w/o/ shoK d/ eosp s/ wko{ ;woZEk
t/ye/ s[;hA w?B{z ;op ;z;ko dk Pq'wDh XB[yXkoh nkfynk ;h. xo xo
w/o/ pkj{pb dh uouk j[zdh ;hHHHH.”
“jK jK noiD ` ej[ s{z eh efjDk ukj[zdk j?, o[e feT[A frnk”<
do'D B/ T[s;[esk irkJh. “fgsk r[o{ ih` b'e pV/ Bk ;wM B/, pj[s
S/sh G[Zb iKd/ B/. d[nkg[o ftu w/o/ ;'jb/ rkT[Ad/ ;h, nZi eZbQ jtk jh
pdb rJh. fe;/ j'o jh sho nzdkI dh xo xo tfvnkJh j' ojh j?, x'o
ebi[r dh fJjh sK fBPkBh j?.” noiD B/ jT[ek b? e/ nkfynk.
nkg' nkgD/ ;w/A dh i[rK dh tfvnkJh j?, go fJZe rZb w?A
ftPtk; Bkb efj ;edk jK fe fJj i' ebi[r ftu gqrfNnk sho nzdkI
j? fJj pj[s ;ko/ r[DK ftu s/o/ Bkb'A fes/ nZr/ j?. s?B{z e"Vk ;Zu nZi eZbQ
;theko eoBk jh gt/rk. fJ; B/ i' e[M ftykfJnk j?, T[j s{z BjhA eo
;fenk p/Nk noiD.
“fJj s[;hA eh efj oj/ j' r[o{ ih<” noiD u"Afenk.
“fdb eoVk eoe/ ;[D p/Nk, w?A Gkt/A T[; wjKg[oy B{z B/fVUA BjhA
(21)
t/fynk, go o[ZyK B/ c[ZbK B/ T[; dh ;'Gk ehsh j?. gzShnK T[;d/ rhs rkJ/
jB, jtk T[; dh ;[rzXh fJE/ fjwkbk dh u'Nh sZe Gh b? nkJh j?. T[; d/
shoK dh roi rrB wzvbK sZe ;[Dh rJh j?. T[; dh sbtko dh uwe
fpibhnK B{z wks d/Adh ojh j?. T[; dh nkswe nv'bsk tkj tkj` ;kro
v'b ikt/, fjwkbk ezp ikt/ p/Pe, go fJ;d/ fdqV fBPu/ B{z v'bkfJnk BjhA
ik ;e/rk.” “eh nky oj/ j' wjkoki< eh j' frnk s[jkB{z nZi, w/o/
;kjwD/ fe;/ j'o dh P'Gk go eh t/fynk s[;hA T[; ftu<” noiD p/u?B
j' T[fmnk.
“fXnkB Bkb ;[D nkohnk g[Zso”` do'D p'b/, “id'A wjKGkos dh
izr j'Jh ;h, sK w'Nk fijk ekoB ;h i{nk s/ ikfJdkd dh tzv. e"otK B/
pbdh T[FZgo s/b gkT[D tkbk p[ok ezw fJj ehsk fe Goh ;Gk, oki
dopko ftu dq'gdh B{z p/fJZis ehsk. pi[orK tZb'A ;wMkT[D d/ pkti{d
fJ; spkje[B izr B{z o'fenk Bk ik ;fenk. T[Ai fXnkB wko d/; T[s/
fe;/ pd/Ph tZb'A jwbk BjhA ehsk frnk ;h. nkohnk Xow, t?fde ws B{z
e'Jh ysok BjhA ;h. d/P tk;h nwB dk ihtB fpsk oj/ ;B. s[jkvh
GoktK dh oki tzv ekoB nBzs b'eK B{z ikB rtkT[Dh gJh.”
j'o ;[D w/o/ pZu/ noiD` s?B{z n;so PPso ubkT[D ftu w?A Gkt/
A g{oB wkjo pDk fdZsk, go s{z edh Gh nkgDh ;'u Bkb y[d c?;bk Bk eo
;fenk fe sho feE/ ubkT[Dk j?, s/ ed'A ubkT[Dk j?. eh s?B{z :kd BjhA,
s{z sK n?B izr dh f;yobh nt;Ek tes bVB'A fJBekoh j' frnk ;h,
PPso IwhB s/ oZy e/ o' fgnk ;h. s/ok oEtkjh feqPB nro s?B{z bVB
tk;s/ fsnko Bk eodk, “;ko/ :'X/ gfjbK jh wo uZ[e/” Bk ftyk fdzdk, sK
s{z w?dkB SZv e/ BZ; ikDk ;h. fco fiE/ feqPB ih efjzd/ s{z sho ubkT[Adk,
s/oh nkgDh neb ezw BjhA eodh ;h. ;'bK ebK ;zg{oB GrtkB feqPB
s/ok foPs/dko, s/oh fgZm s/, nDfrDs fonk;sK d/PK d/ oki/, nkgDhnK
c"iK ;w/s s/o/ Bkb jwkfJs ftu fsnko ;B. n;bk pko{d oE x'V/
jkEh, nzB t;so dh e'Jh s'N BjhAHHHH s{z fco Gh v'b frnk. go w?A ;w/
A dh X[Zg ukdo s/ fbfynk gfVQnk j?, uzd ;{oi rtkjh God/ B/, fe id'A
(22)
fJ; ebi[r ftu g/dk j'J/ pjkdo B/ izr bVh j?, sd'A Gkos to; B{z
r[bkwh dhnK izihoK ftu iefVnK 700 ;kb j' u[e/ ;B. t;dk o;dk
d/P spkj eo fdZsk frnk ;h. Xow wzdo frokJ/ ik oj/ ;B, fsbe izi{
T[sko/ ik oj/ ;B. d/P dh nkpo{ d[Bhnk d/ pikoK ftu Bhbkw j' ojh
;h. fJ; e'b Bk e'Jh oki Bk febQ/, B c"iK Bk jkEh x'V/. Bk oki/
wjkokfinK tb'A e'Jh ;jkfJsk. Bk nzB XzB d/ Gzvko Bk jfEnkoK pko{d
d/ iyho/. ;r'A nkgD/ jh r[nKYh oki/ drk d/ rJ/, d/P d/ d[PwD Bkb ik
ob/. bVB tkb/ ;kXkoD b'e ;kXK d/ N'b/. fJ; sho nzdki B/ i' nrB
pkD SZv/ T[jBK dh i[nkbk w?A fjwkbk sZe dfjedh j'Jh t/yh ;h. fJ; dh
bk;kBh s/r dh uweko jB/QohnK oksK B{z uhodh j'Jh nkgDh nEkj
Pesh d[nkok Xosh nekP B{z ezpk fdzdh ;h. d[PwDHH BjhA BjhA Xowd'yh
b'eK d/ N'b/ eZyK tKr T[FZv ikfJnk eod/ ;B. fJ; d/ i?eko/ dh r{zi sK
nZi sZe jtk d/ p[fbnK ftu'A Gh ;[DkJh d/ ojh j?. fJ; d/ f;ykJ/ to';kJ/
P/oK B/ T[j e"se toskJ/ i' wjKGkos dh izr B{z fes/ fgSKj SZv rJ/ s/
fBokbk :'Xk ;ko/ ekoi y[d jh efonk eodk ;h. fJ; B/ c"iK B{z f;Zfynk
Gh y[d jh fdZsh. ;?Bk dk uh| ewKvo Gh y[d jh j'fJnk eodk ;h. nzB
dkD/ s/ n;so PPso Gh fJ; B{z y[d jh fsnko eotkT[AD/ g?Ad/ ;B. fJj
;G dk ;fseko:'r Xow r[o{ Gh ;h s/ fJ; dk feqPB tKr e'Jh j'o
;bkjeko BjhA ;h. sscZN, ;ko/ c?;b/ fJj y[d jh efonk eodk ;hHHH.
“pZ; eo' nukohnk ih pZ; eo'` w?E'A j'o fe;/ dh gqPzPk podkPs
BjhA j[zdh, e'Jh j'o rZb eo bT[” noiD e[obkfJnk.
do'D B/ nD;[Dh eoe/ rZb nZr'A N'oh “t/y noiD n;hA s/ok fto'Xh
e'Jh BjhA ofjD fdZsk. fJZe tkoh PZe fgnk ;h, gJh fJZe P{do fJebZft:k
s/o/ tk;s/ ysok pD ;edk j? s/ w?A y[d fJj gkg eow ehsk. r[o{
dePDk d/ pjkB/ T[; d/ ;Zi/ jZE dk nzr{mk eZN fdZsk, sK fe nZr/ B{z ewkD
dk fuZbk Bk ukjV ;e/. eoD s/o/ Bkb'A ;?AeV/ r[D skesto ;h, go
feqPB ih ns/ s/oh wksk e[zsh okjhA T[; dhnK ;kohnK PeshnK y'j
bJhnK, sK fe s?B{z i/s{ x'fPs ehsk ik ;e/. eoD dk eh j? T[j sK
(23)
ftukok ;{d g[Zso ;h. fe;/ B{z iwhB s'A u[Ze e/ T[FZgo T[mkT[Dk j't/ sK
fInkdk w[Peb BjhA j?. go i/ e'Jh fe;/ v{zxh ykJh ftu, jB/oh r[ck
ftu, iK fGnkBe dbdb ftu Xf;nk fgnk j't/, T[; B{z pkjo eZYDk
;kt/A g?oh yVQk eoBk, fjzzws j";bk GoBk s/ ;dhnK s'A oki wd ftu nzBQ/
j'J/ Xow d'yhnK Bkb bVk d/D dh ;woZEk g?dk eo d/DhHHHH f;qPNh dh
nb'eko xNBk ;h. fJZe gk;/ ;ko/ jh ;{d g[Zso, d{i/ pzB/ iksh BP/ ftu
nzBQ/ j'J/ Xow d'yh. y[dk dh ybes s/ efjo Ykj[D tkb/ y[dk B{z wzBD dk
BkNe eoB tkb/ gkgh N'b/. fJ; B/ ;{d g[ZsoK d/ nzr{m/ BjhA eZN/, PPso
y'j e/ Ikbw pfxnkVK d/ jtkb/ BjhA ehsk, ;{d g[ZsoK B{z Pow;ko Bjha
ehsk ;r'A nkgD/ g[Zso nky e/ wkD fdZsk. ;kfonK B{z ;KMk Xow T[gd/P
fdZsk. ;G n;soK PPsoK Bkb Xow ns/ ;t?wkD dh okyh eoBh
f;ykJh. p/^r?os ihtB Bkb'A ;{ofwnK tKr woBk f;ykfJnk s/ id'A edh
fJj wjkB :'Xk rKvht (ewkD) s/ fuZbk uVQkT[Adk ;h, sd'A rKvht dhnK
jZvhnK eVe iKdhnK ;B. d[PwD db ftu jkjkeko wu iKdh ;h. jtk
B{z uhodk pZdbK B{z nZr bkT[Adk fJj nrBpkD Xow d'yhnK s/ fvZrdk ;h,
sd'A Xosh ezpD bZr iKdh ;h. ;w[zdo v'b iKd/ ;B.HHH”
“nukohnk ih` ipkB B{z brkw fdU, toBK w?A e'Jh ;ys edw
u[ZeD bJh wIp{o j'tKrk. s[jkv/ fdwkr B{z eh j' frnk nZi< fe; okj
g? rJ/ j' s[;hA< gsk BjhA fe; p[o/ tes w?A fJ; ezpys sho nzdkI dh
rZb S/V p?mkHHH.” noiD g{o/ eo'X ftu T[FZpb fojk ;h.
“PKsh p/Nk PKsh oZy ` Xhoi Bkb ;[D`HHHH id'A w?A s[jkvh n;so
PPso ftZfdnk dh gqhfynk b? fojk ;K sK w?A s[jkB{z ;kfonK B{z tkoh tkoh
fJZe gzSh c[zvD tk;s/ fejk ;h. go id'A s/oh tkoh nkJh sK s{z fejk ;h
fe w?B{z gzSh BjhA fd;dk e/tb gzSh dh nZi BIo nkT[Adh j?. s{z sho
SZfvnk s/ sho gzSh dh nZy ftzB frnk ;h. ;kfonK d/ w{zj'A nkg w[jko/
s/oh tkj tkj j'Jh ;h. w?A T[;/ tes s?B{z P'qwDh sho nzdkI dk fyskp d/
fdZsk. s{z wZSh dh nZy B{z Gh fBPkBk pDkfJnk dq'gdh B{z toB ykso
e/tb. sK Gh s/oh i? i? eko d/ vze/ ti/ ;B. T[; d[nkg[o i[r dk s{z ;Zu
(24)
w[Zu jh bkitkp sho nzdkI ;h. i[r pdb frnk, s/ok Bkw X[zdbk g?Dk
P[o{ j' frnk. s/oh izr nkgD/ nkg tk;s/ ;h, nkgD/ fgsoh oki bJh
;h. t/y s/ok g[Zso nfGwzB{z izr ftu id'A wkfonk frnk ;h s{z T[; tes
Gh bVB'A BKj eo fdZsh. fco g[Zso d/HHH eksb B{z ;{oi v[ZpD s'A gfjbK
wko w[ekT[D dk gqD ehsk. i/ ekw:kp Bk j'fJnk sK “nZr ftu ;V
woKrk” nkfynk ;h. fJj sK feqPB B/ Sb wkfJnk Bkb s?B{z ekw:kph
fdtk fdZsh, toBK s{z T[; tes nksw dkj eo b?Dk ;h”HHH.
“r[o{ ih s[jkvhnK rZbK ;Zu d/ B/V/ gqshs j' ojhnK B/. go rZb B{z
S/sh feBko/ bkU. noiD dhnK B;K fYZbhnK g? ojhnK ;B.”
“jK w/o/ nkohnk g[Zso bkvb/ ;[D` w?A fJ; i[r d/ bkfw;kb sho
nzdkI B{z fJZe fdB fJPko/ Bkb g[ZfSnk, eh s[jkB{z n"j ;kjwD/ p?m/ gzSh
BIo nkT[Ad/ jB< efjD bZr/ BjhA, fco s[jkB{z ftuekob/ gzSh dh nZy sK
Bio nk jh BjhA ;edh. nkyD bZr/ BjhA. fco s[jkB{z n"j o[Zy Bio
nkT[Adk j? fi; s/ gzSh p?m/ jB nkyD bZr/ BjhA. w?A j?okB j' e/ g[ZfSnk
s[jkB{z e[M fd;dk Gh j? fe BjhA< nkyD bZr/, w?B{z ;kohnK ;E{b t;sK Gh
fd;dhnK jB s/ ;{yw Gh go fJ; tes w?B{z o[Zy, gzSh iK gzSh dh nZy
BjhA fd;dh w?B{z Xow d'yhnK dh gkgK Bkb Goh o{j BIo nkT[Adh j?. w?A
fJZe gzSh s/ sho BjhA SZvKrk ;r'A gkghnK dh nkswk s/ gojko eoKrk.
fJjBK d/ wBK B{z c[zv fdnKrk s/ T[; B/ w/o/ t/yfdnK^t/yfdnK nB/e
gkghnK d/ wbhB wBK B{z sho Bkb c[zv fdZsk. b'e gqb'e ftu i? i? eko
j'Jh. Bk T[j g[ZsoK d/ b/y/ bZrD s/ ftbQfenk Bk wksk fgsk d/ Pjhd j'D
s/. Bk nkswdkj dk gqD ehskHHH nZi d[Bhnk d/ e'B/^e'B/ ftu T[jBK d/
rhs jB, tfvnkJhnK jB uouk j?. fJj ;h wjkpbh sho nzdkI
;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih` w/oh BwPeko j? T[;B{zHHH 1 s{z Gh ;h; M[ekHHHH.
s/ noiD d/ d't/A jZE i[V rJ/, f;o M[e frnk, nZyK ftu'A t?okr d/ jzM{nK
dh Xkok tfj N{oh. o[wedh jtk B/ fgnko ftu nk e/ r[ziko gkJh
tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k,
tkfjr[o{ ih eh cfsj.
[[[[
(25)
fJfsjk; dh w"sfJfsjk; dh w"sfJfsjk; dh w"sfJfsjk; dh w"sfJfsjk; dh w"s
id'A e'Jh oZph B{o Xosh B{z ;'XD^;ztkoB bJh, nkgD/ gftZso
T[gd/P ihtK ;Bw[y wKi, ;ztko e/ oZydk j?, sd'A jh fJfsjk; dk toskok
P[o{ j' iKdk j?. fJBQK T[gd/PK B/ id'A^id'A Gh nwbh o{g XkoB ehsk, sK
fJfsjk; ;keko j' T[mdk j?. wjK g[oyK dk ;z;ko s/ nkT[Dk Gh sK fJZe
;[zdo, fJfsjk;e xNBk jh j[zdh j?. i' e[ZM Xosh d/ fe;/ fyZs/ ftu uzrk
iK wzdk tkgfonk j?, T[;B{z fJzB^fpzB g/P eoe/, fbys iK fe;/ j'o
wkfXnw okjhA nkT[D tkbhnK B;bK bJh ;[oZfyns eoBk jh fJfsjk;
ejkT[Adk j?. e'Jh wB[Zy d[BhnK ftu fwb ;e/rk, i' j{^p^j{ xNBktK B{z
fpnkB eo ;e/, fit/A fe T[j tkgohnK ;B< ih BjhA, fJ; soQK ;zGt
BjhA j?. gfjbh rZb fe n;b xNBk tkgoB s'A fezBk ;wK pknd, fbys
fsnko ehsh iKdh j? feT[Afe ;wK phsD Bkb xNBk dk dod wZmk g?Dk
P[o{ j' iKdk j?. fco xNBk d/ ;p{s fwND bZr g?Ad/ jB. nZr'A b/ye dk
wkBf;e gZXo fezBk e[ j?< ;kv/ pj[s/ fJfsjk;ekoK B{z BktK^EktK s/
xNBktK pko/ ;kXkoD fijh ikDekoh j?. T[BQK dhnK fbysK ftu'A pVh
fwjBs Bkb e'Jh ;[Zuk w'sh PkfJd edh bZG gt/. b/ye fi; ;fGnsk
ftu gfbnk, gqtkB ufVQnk j?, T[; nB[;ko T[j xNBktK B{z ;wM/rk s/
fpnkB eo/rk. b/ye fi; Xow B{z wzBD tkbk j?, T[; w[skpe T[;dh
wB';fEsh gqtkB uVQdh j?. T[;/ gfog/y ftu T[j j'Jh phsh B{z toDB
eodk j?. iK fJj Gh i'V bJhJ/ fe b/ye dk ;wkie o[spk fezBk e[ tZvk
j?, feT[Afe fJ; o[sp/ okjhA “eJh T[uhnK EktK s/ p/o'e g[Zi ;edk j?”,
fiE'A eJh soQK dh ehwsh ikDekoh fwb ;edh j?. b/ye e'b y'i iK
fbyD bJh ;kXB fej' fij/ jB< T[j fezBhnK e[ GkPktK dk frnkB oZydk
j?, s/ T[;dh T[wo ns/ fIzdrh ftu jzvkfJnk sIopk fezBk j?< p; fJBQK
(26)
w'N/ B[efsnK B{z ;wMD s'A pknd rZb nZr/ N[odh j?.
;z;ko ftu fizBk e[ “gqubsh$gqtkfBs fJfsjk;” j?, fJj ;ko/
“i/s{ b'eK tZb'A” fbfynk frnk j?. i/s{nK dh gq;z;k ftu fbfynk frnk
j?. jko/ j'J/ b'eK dk dod e"D g/P eo/< fit/A T[BQK B{z fpBK ekoB fBPkBk
pDkfJnk frnk, ;w{je esb ehs/, pZu/, p[ZY/ s/ n"osK se B{z p/ofjwh
Bkb e[ufbnk frnk, nZrK bk e/ ;G e[ZM ;[nkj eo fdZsk frnk, Xow
n;EkBK B{z fwZNh ftu fwbk fdZsk frnkHHH. fJjBK y"cBke ekfonK B{z
e'Jh fpnkB eo ;edk j?< fijV/ b'e y[d wo u[Ze/ jB, ihts b'e jkoe/
r[bkwh rb g[nk u[Ze/ jB, T[jBK d/ jZe ftu, fbyD dk wspb j?, jkfonK
j'fJnK d/ ;kEh pDBk. jko/ j'J/ b'eK dh jwkfJs eoe/ gqsZy gqkgsh e'Jh
BjhA j'Dh, go I'oktoK dh e'qgh tkX{ dh rb nk gt/rh. fco eh b'V e'Jh
nky/ “nk p?b w?B{z wko” d{;o/ gk;/ i/s{ b'eK dh gq;z;k ftu d' nZyo
fbyD pdb/ T[BQK d/ BIo^J/^eow pDKr/. wkD^;BwkB fwb/rk, Brd
BokfJD jkIoh Go ;ed/ jB. nj[d/ o[sp/ fwb ;ed/ jB. p; nkw
b/ye, fJfsjk;eko, iK eth i'
“;u[ eh pkDh BkBe nky/
;u[ ;[DkfJ;h ;u eh p/bk” (gzBk 722)
nkyD dh i[onZs eodk j?.
pj[ frDsh d/ I'o Bkb fJe' M{m B{z pko^pko ;Zu pDk e/ g/P ehsk
ikt/, T[j th “;Zu dh EK gk b?Adk j?”. g?;/ d/ I'o Bkb b/yeK dh I[pkB
pzd eo fdZsh iKdh j?, ebwK \ohd bJhnK iKdhnK jB. nZi whvhnk
pj[s I'okto pD frnk j?, fJ;dh tos'A^d[otos'A okjhA oZ;h B{z ;Zg s/ ;Zg
B{z oZ;h ;fji/ jh pDkfJnk ik ;edk j?. gZEo d/ N[eV/ B{z oZp ‘s/ oZp B{z
fyb"Dk pDk d/Dk Gh pj[s ;[ykbk j?. wB[Zyh ;'u \k; t;s{nK okjhA Gh
fJfsjk; Bkb iIpksh ;KM oZydh j?. i/s{ b'e jo jhbk tos e/, jko/
b'eK dhnK fJfsjk;e fBPkBhnK g{oh j[fPnkoh Bkb \sw eod/ jB sK
fe edh g[oksB fuzBQ t/ye/ Gh, }[bkw B{z nkgD/ fgS'eV dh :kd Bk nk
ikt/. id'A e'Jh wkD eoB :'r t;s{ Bk ojh, ;t?wkD Goh xNBk Bk ojh,
(27)
fco wkD ekjd/ s/ eoBk j'fJnk< fJ; bJh i/s{ dfozd/ fe;/ Bk fe;/
pjkB/ :kd fuzB, fJfsjk;e fBPkBhnK, \sw eoB ftu fYZb BjhA eod/.
EK^EK p'Xh wzdo s'V/ rJ/. fJj ;G fe;/ j'o tZb'A BjhA fJZe g{oh ;kfiP
sfjs, fjzd{nK dh g[Bo ;[oihsh d/ nbzpodko ;zeokukohnk B/ ehsk,
eokfJnk. fJ;/ soQK e[ZM pjkB/ xVe/ w[;bwkB jkewK tZb'A, fjzd{ ;wki
B{z g[Zi e/ p/gs ehsk frnk, wzdo Ykj/ rJ/HHH. f;ZyK d/ r[od[nko/ “nkgDh
;oeko” tZb'A Ykj/ rJ/, g[oksB o?co?A; bkfJpo/oh, ;kV e/ ;[nkj ehsh
rJh. pZfunK B{z pzBQ e/ wkfonk frnk, n"osK Bkb tfjPh Yzr dk ;b{e
ehsk frnkHHH. e"wh wkD s'VB bJh, Xow n;EkB s/ jwbk wB[Zyh
fdqzdrh dk sKvt Bku, ;w{je pbksekoHHH.
;'u wzvb B{z fgS/ tZb b? ikU ` sq/s/ :[r dk wjKpbh oktD, eh
;Zuw[u e;{otko ;h< fco ;G s'A gfjbK sK okw^bSwD B/ ;o{gbsk
(oktD wjkoki/ dh eztkoh G?D) dh p/gsh ehsh ;h, fpBK fe;/ ekoB.
fco X'y/ Bkb pkbh B{z okw B/ wkfonk, T[;dh gsBh ;[rqht d/ jtkb/ eo
fdZsh. oktD ;hsk B{z fbike/ Gh T[;dh fJZSk s'A pr?o e'Jh p[ok ;b{e BjhA
eodk. okw ;hsk dh nrBh gqhfynk b?Adk j?, ;Zuh j'D d/ pkti{d Gh
;hsk B{z xo'A eZY, izrb ftu G/i fdzdk j?. go g/Pekoh t/y'` oktD okyP
pDk fdZsk frnk j? s/ Ikbw okik okw, GrtkB Ekg fdZsk frnk. j? Bk
pj[ frDsh i/s{nK dh ewkb ebk feqs< doi'XB oki dk n;bh jZedko
;h, go oki s'A tKMk eo fdZsk frnk. eoD gKvtK dk ;ek tZvk Gok,
;ko/ jZeK s'A wfjo{w eo fdZsk frnk. eoD bk;kBh :'Xk, Sb^egN s/
co/p Bkb wko fdZsk iKdk j?. noiD i' nsh p[Ifdb ;h, T[j izr dk
jho' pDk fdZsk frnk. Xow g[Zso M{m Gh p'bdk j?, i{nk Gh y/vdk j?.
oki, g?;k, wfjb s/ gsBh sZe i{J/ ftu jko iKkdk j?, fco Gh “Xow
g[Zso” j?. feqPB \[d Gh M{m ns/ |o/p dh tos'A eodk j?, o[ewDh ns/
j'o nB/e shthnK B{z Ipoh T[Xkb b? iKdk j?, fJPBkB eodhnK shthnK
d/ eZgV/ u[Ze b? iKdk j?HH. i/s{ j'D eoe/ fJj ;ko/ T[;d/ u'i jB. jko/
j'D eoe/ doi'XB s/ eoD fsq;eko d/ gkso jB feT[afe gKv' fiZs rJ/,
(28)
fJ; eoe/ T[jBK dk ehsk jo gkg I[bw ;jh mfjok fdZsk frnk. w[rbK
fJE/ i/s{ j' e/ i' efjo Ykj/, T[jBK dhnK e[ZM tzBrhnK fJfsjk; d/
gzfBnK ftu'A fwb iKdhnK jB. w[;bwkBK s'A pknd nzro/IK i' ehsk
T[jBK d/ j[zfdnK T[;B{z pkjo BjhA fBebD fdZsk frnk. fijV/ nZi i/s{
Gkos ftu Pjhd jB, e"wh jho' jB nzro/IK dhnK BIoK s/ fbysK ftu,
ekfsb vke{ s/ pdwkP ;B. ;fsr[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih dh gftZso
P\;hns s/ ijKrho dh “s[ie/ ijKrhoh” ftu, pj[s jh fxBkT[D/
fJbIkw bkJ/ rJ/ ;B. goT[geko dh w{os B{z, fpBK e;{o s;hj/ d/ e/
Pjhd Gh ehsk frnk s/ pdBkw Gh ehsk frnk. fJjh e[ZM B"t/A ;fsr[oK
ns/ fszB/ f;ZyK Bkb ehsk frnk. pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ ;kEh, T[;s'A pknd
fw;bK dk fGnkBe ;wK, izrbhA tk;, ikBtoK tKr fPeko ehsk ikDk,
f;oK d/ w[ZbHHH. skes ns/ pj[^frDsh d/ I'o, f;ZyK B{z g[Zie/ pdBkw
ehsk frnk. fiT{D d/ ;ko/ jZe y'j bJ/ rJ/, fco Gh e;{otko f;ZyK B{z
jh rodkfBnk frnk. ekIh B{o w[jzwd tofrnK f;ZyK B{z e[Zs/ sZe nkgDh
fbys ftu fbfynk. id'A skes dk gZbVk f;ZyK d/ jZe ftu M[Ze frnk,
jkewK dhnK iVQK T[yV rJhnK, f;Zy gzikp d/ oki/ pD rJ/, sd'A p[bQ/ Pkj
nkyD bJh wIp{o j' frnk L “w[rbK Ifjo fgnkb/ ghs/, G{fonK tkb/
oki/ ehs/”. Pkj w[jzwd e{fenk L “Pkj w[jzwdk f;zxK B/ r'fonK d/, tKr
fBzp{nK bj{ fBu'V ;[ZN/”. rZb eh ewI'o wB[Zy, ewI'o e"w mhe j'D d/
pkti{d Gh rbs j'fJnk eodh j?. skesto e"w s/ ftnesh, rbs j[zdk
j'fJnk Gh mhe wzfBnk iKdk j?. fijV/ f;Zy e[ZM ;wK gfjbK u'o, vke{,
b[N/o/, ekfsb BIo nkT[Ad/ ;B, T[j skesto pDB s'A pknd, ;odko
;kfjp, f;zx ;{ow/, pjkdo, P/o, s/ pZpo P/o BktK Bkb fBtki/ ikD bZr/.
fjzd{nK B{z w[;bwkBK s/ nzro/IK B/ bzw/ ;w/A sZe nDfrDs sohe/,
ngwkBs ehsk. “ekb/ e[Zs/, u'o” (fjzd{ wfjB/ u'o iK ewhBk) s/ ek|o
fejk iKdk fojk. G[Zy/ wkoB dh jZs se N?e; bk e/, ;G e[ZM b[ZN fbnk
iKdk. shoEK^wzdoK s/ Gh N?e; bk fdZsk frnk. skes ekoB T[j fco
Gh nkgD/ nkg B{z mhe f;ZX eod/ oj/. \[d fjzd{nK (n;b nkohnBk)
(29)
tZb'A fJE'A d/ t;Bhe GkoshnK B{z (ny"sh P{doK B{z) jko ikD s/, ;dhnK
s'A ngwkBs ehsk ik fojk j?. ihtB d/ ;ko/ jZe y'j bJ/ rJ/, gP{nK
Bkb'A pdso Boeh ihtB fiT[D bJh wIp{o ehsk frnk. i/ e'Jh iok
T[Zuk ;kj Gh b?Adk BIo nkfJnk sK f;o ebw eo fdZsk frnk. fJBQK d/
xo, IwhBK, ;G y'j bJ/ rJ/, ezrkb eo fdZs/. nkgD/ nXhB ;dhnK s'A
r[abkwh eotkJh ik ojh j?. fJBQK ;ko/ nD wB[Zyh gkg ekfonK B{z Xow
dk ;oNhfce/N fdZsk frnk. ftfdnk ns/ skes tos e/, P{doK B{z
popkd eoe/ Gh, nkohnk g[Zso (yZsoh s/ pqkjwD) g{iD:'r j?, wjkB j?,
oZp d/ do s/ gqtkB j?, ;tor dk g{ok jZedko j?. ;{do ftuko/ fJE/ Gh
Boe G'r oj/ jB, dkB eoB bJh gZb/ c[ZNh e"vh BjhA, Xow eow
(ny"sh) e'Jh eo ;eD dk nfXeko BjhA, sK s/ T[BQK B{z nrb/ iBw ftu
Gh BoeK ftu rbDk gt/rk. gkme iB' ;'u'` skes ns/ pj[sh frDsh,
ftfdnk nkfd Bkb wB[Zy eh^eh Bhu eow eoe/ ;k| pu fBebdk j?.
bZrdk j? oZp i/s{nK Bkb jh ob iKdk j?. jko/ j'fJnK dh wZdd oZp feT[A
eo/< ewI'oK Bkb ob e/ p/fJZIsh feT[A eokt/<
d/P tzv s'A gfjbK f;ZyK Bkb, fjzd{nK dk ftjko j'o soQK dk ;h,
feT[Afe sd'A fjzd{ Gh T[sB/ jh }[bkw ;B, fizB/ f;Zy. d/P tzv s'A pknd
skes d/ wkbe fjzd{ pD p?m/, ehs/ tkjd/ ;ko/ p/Powh Bkb G[Zbk fdZsk rJ/.
d/P tzv d/ d' wjhfBnK nzdo, T[iV e/ nkJ/, popkd j' u[Ze/ f;ZyK B{z
nkIkd Gkos ftu gfjbk fJBkw fwfbnk, “f;Zy IokfJw g/Pk e"w
jB”. IwhBK xN rJhnK, bZyK gfotkoK d/ w?Apo oZp B{z fgnko/ j' rJ/
, eZy'A j"b/ j' rJ/ f;Zy ;odko i' eZbQ bZyK d/ wkbe ;B. fJ; bVkJh ftu
f;Zy g{oh soQK jko rJ/. jko/ j'fJnK dh ewI'oK dh fJZIs ekjdh< fJ;
gqEkJ/ fJepkb dk P/no j?L
“Ek i' Bk\{p pdsohi tjh \{p j{nk.
fe }[bkwh w/A pdb iksk j? e"w'A ek Iwho.”
nZi f;Zy jo gZy'A ngwkBs, ewI'o jB. fpibh, gkDh, gzikph
p'bd/ fJbke/, okiXkBh, gzikp dk g?;k ;G b[ZN fbnk j?. id'A iok n"y/
(30)
j' e/ jZe wzfrnk sK s'gK^N?eK d[nkok, f;ZyK dh Iwho dk xkD. d' bZy
f;Zy B"itkBK dk esb. pj[ frDsh, whvhnk s/ ndkbsK T[BQK dhnK
nkgDhnK. pZeok fJB;k| bJh p/Bsh e/tb e;kJh nZr/ jh eo ;edk
j?, prkts BjhA eo ;edk. B"itkB iZE/pzdhnK, fte u[e/ }[bkw bhvoK
nZr/, }[bkwh eofdnK oki gqkgsh tZb tX oj/ jB, go f;Zyh dk PkBdko
fto;k ed/ dk G[Zb ft;o frnk j?. feE/ jB p'sk f;zx$roik f;zx d/
tkfo;< feE/ jB oDihs f;zx, joh f;zx Bb{nk, Pkw f;zx nNkoh d/
g?o'eko< feXo uZb/ rJ/ pkpk ioB?b f;zx d/ ;kEh< T[jh ewhD/ ftekT{
b'e fco i/s{nK nZr/ tckdkoh dk jbc b? u[Ze/ gkbs{, ;oe; ftu
wB'oziB eoB tkb/, fgzio/ ftu e?d nekbh ;{ow/< gzi ;kb d/ ny"sh
oki ;w/A, f;Zy jZeK, gzikp wzrK pko/, fJZetko Gh I[pkB B{z bZrk skbk Bk
y'fbQnk. oki rZdh y[;D s/ gzikp dhnK wzrK gqkgs eoB d/ y/yD<
wrowZS d/ jzM{HHH<
d/P dhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK$ekbiK d/ ;b/p; e/Ado ;oeko dh
fJZSk w[skpe pDdk j?. “y'i ekoiK” d/ Bkw j/m e{V^e[;Zs, xZN frDshnK
B{z j"";bkjhD eoB tkbk fbfynk, fbytkfJnk ik fojk j?. fjzd{ ;'uXkok
s'A tZyoh, e'Jh Xkok g?dk jh BjhA j'D fdZsh iKdh. \kb;/ dk 300 ;kbk
;zg{oDsk fdt;, ;kv/ ny"sh nkgfDnK B/ ;" eo'V ftu t/u fdZsk. fJ;/
;kb (1999) d;zpo wjhB/ Gkos ;oeko tZb'A B'Nhche/PB okjhA, gzikp
dhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK ftu Xow nfXn?B d/ ft;/a Bkb, r[ows pko/ gVQ
oj/ ;ko/ czv o'e fdZs/ rJ/. fJ; dh Ekt/A “rKXh ;NZvh” P[o{ eo fdZsh
rJh. fJ; rKXh ;NZvh tkfbnK B{z czv$tIhc/ gqtkB/ rJ/. p[ZX, i?B,
fJ;bkw, Jh;kJh s/ fjzd{ Xow gVQB tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z tIhck
fwb/rk. go f;Zy Xow gVQB tkb/ B{z tIhck BjhA fwb/rk. ;kv/ fgzio/ d/
P/oK Gpe sK eh wkoBh ;h fwnkT[A^fwnkT[A Gh Bk ehsk. nZi sZe
r[opkDh fjzd{ fwfEjk; s'A w[es BjhA ehsh ik ;eh. r[ows Xkok tkbk
f;Zy ;e{b (EkN) ni/ sZe wK d/ roG ftu jh j?, nro “fe;/ ;w/A” s/
iBw b? ;fenk sKHHHH.
(31)
f;Zy fcbk;ch fizBh e[ fbyh rJh j?, g[oksB fjzd{ Xkok d/ B[esk^J/
^BIo s'A fbyh rJh j?. iks^gks pko/ nZi sZe PkfJd fJe' g[;se fbyh
rJh j?, fi;B{z ;jh wkjfBnk ftu “f;Zyh ;e{b” ftu'A gqrN j'Jh gqtkfBnk
ik ;edk j?. fJj j? “f;Zy fJBebkp” feqs vkH irihs f;zx.
S.G.P.C. s/ nekbh db, g{oh soQK fjzd{ oki dh }[bkwh B{z wB'A
;theko eo u[Ze/ jB. fJBQK tk;s/ pqjkwDh ohsK “g{oB r[o^wfo:kdk”
d/ b/pb nzdo gqtkB j' u[ZehnK jB. iE/dko g[ikoh Po/Dh tKr Xow d/
n;{bK (gktB r[opkDh) s'A nkgD/ nkg B{z “;ot'sw” n?bkB u[Ze/ jB.
r[opkDh d/ jtkb/ d/ e/ ;wMkJh rZb Gh, wzBD s'A g{oh soQK fJBekoh jB.
;Zu s/ gfjok d/Dk, gzE B{z e'Jh BthA ;/X^fdPk gqdkB eoBh, }[bkw
ifjBhns tkb/ ftneshnK s'A fJ; soQK dhnK nk;K eoBhnK, “pKM
n"os B{z g[sotsh j't/A, ftXtk B{z ;[jkrD pDh oj/A” dh n;h; s'A tZX
ehws BjhA oZydhnK. ftdtkBK B{z nBgVQ, bZmwkoK B/ dpek e/, xohA
p?mD bJh wIp{o eo fdZsk j'fJnk j?. fJBQK d/ “nkek” e/Adoh gqG{ y[P
jB, fe f;ZyK B/ gVQBk^fbyDk s/ ;'uDk fsnkr fdZsk j?. i/ e'Jh E'VQh
pj[s edh neb dh rZb eoB dh r[;skyh eo jh ikt/, sK T[;B{z
fJzBh tko d[o/^d[o/ ‘s'J/^s'J/ eo'’ w[V nfijh w{oysk Bk eo ;e/.
d;w gksPkj jI{o B/ wxdh izr ;w/A, toQd/ r'fbnK ftu Gh,
ftfdnk ns/ ftdtkBK B{z bKG/ BjhA ehsk, ptzik eth oyD/ e'Jh P"Ae
gkbD tk;s/ BjhA ;B. T[j ;ko/ d/P d/ tZy'^tZyo/ fjZf;nK ftu'A, nbZr
nbZr p'bhnK ikBD tkb/, f;nkD/ g[oy ;B. ;fsr[o{ ih T[BQK B{z r[ows
Xkok uzrh soQK ;wMk e/, tkg; nkg'^nkgD/ fJbkfenK ftu G/i fdnk
eod/ ;B sK fe fJ; r[owfs bfjo B{z j'o gquzv ehsk ik ;e//. u'DK d/
B/V/ nkT[D s/, e[ZM tesh fij/ ekoi T[bheD d/ fpnkB dkr fdZs/ iKd/
jB. d/y' ih n?sehA n;hA r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk 400 ;kbk g[op
nzfwqs;o wBktKr/, go fet/A< r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ih dk 500 ;kbk g[op
yv{o ;kfjp wBktKr/, go fet/A< tZv/ ;kfjpIkfdnK dk Pjhdh fdt;,
uwe"o ;kfjp d/ S'N/ ;kfjpIkfdnK dk Pjhdh fdt;, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp
(32)
fty/ wBktKr/. fet/A< e'Jh o{g^o/yk BjhA j?. ftPt f;Zy ;zw/bB s/ eohp
gzikj eo'V o[gfJnk \ou fdZsk frnk ;h, go Bshik e'Jh BjhA. fJ;
soQK d/ otkfJsh r[og[op sK jo ;kb jh wBkJ/ ik oj/ jB, fco n?sehA
Gh i/ wBk bJ/ sK tyo/tK eh j'fJnk< T[jh “Bro ehosB, ehosB
dopko, ykb;k wkou, ykb;k u/sBk wkou, nzfwqs;o s'A gNB/ sZe o/b
rZvh okjhA wkou, gkfe;skB s'A Gkos sZe wkou, gziK fgnkfonK d/
fgzvK s'A nBzdg[o ;kfjp sZe dk wkouHHHH”. j'o eJh soQK d/ ozr fpozr/,
yZp/^;Zi/ T[go EZb/ wkou j'Dr/. go f;ZyK dk eo'VK o[gfJnk youe/ Gh
X/b/ dk ckfJdk BjhA j'Dk. }[bkwh ftu f;ZyK ;G e[ZM rtk fbnk, ;w/s
nkgDh pjkdoh ns/ f;nkDg d/. ;ko/ gk;/ “nZyK whNe/ u"eV/ wkoe/
Bkw igkJ/ ik oj/ jB” wkbktK c/ohnK ik ojhnK jB. nyzv gkmK dhnK
bVhnK ubkJhnK ik ojhnK jB. nodk;K PoXk g{ote ehshnK ik
ojhnK jB. “j[ewBkw/” ;[D/ ik oj/ jBHHH. go f;Zy j'o ewI'o, j'o
ew neb, j'o ekfJo, j'o r'be u'o, j'o ftekT{ s/ }[bkw pDd/ ik oj/
jB. nro e'Jh gzE dodh edh tes eZY e/, fJBQK gZyK tZb, BIo wkoB
dh y/ub eo/ sKHHHH. HHH r[o{ okyk.
[[[[
(33)
;kek ;ojzd;kek ;ojzd;kek ;ojzd;kek ;ojzd;kek ;ojzd
d;zpo 1705 JhH ekbh p'bh oks, ;o;k Bdh feBko/ fGnkBe y{Bh
izr, pj[s ;ko/ f;Zy ;{ow/ PjhdhnK gk rJ/. ;fsr[o{ ih dk gfotko ns/
f;Zy fyZbo rJ/, ftS[ZV rJ/. wksk r[ioh ih d'tK ;kfjpIkfdnK B{z T[Arb
bk e/ izrbK jBQ/fonK m'jeoK, o[ektNK B{z podkPs eod/, N[o/ ik oj/
jB, gsk BjhA feZXo< e'Jh wzfIb, pkeh gqtko dk eh pfDnk, e'Jh ypo
BjhA, nZr'A eh s{ckB nkT[D tkbk j?, e[ZS fejk BjhA ik ;edk. ;'jD/
bkvb/ bkb nkg; ftu rZbK eod/ j'J/ dkdh ih Bkb N[o oj/ jB. fJ;
;co B{z wjkB eth nZbk:ko ykB :'rh ih B/ IIpksh oT[A ftu fJ; soQK
fpnkB ehsk j?L^
i'okto n"o cfsj ek fJ; dw fpnK ;[B'.
gj[zu/ fpSV e/ jkJ/ ejK ;/ ejK ;[B'.
dkdh ;/ p'b/ ngB/ f;gkjh feXo rJ/<
dfonk g/ jw/ S'V e/ okjh feXo rJ/<HH
ip oD nihs ihs e/ sPohc bkJ/Ar/.
nZpk e/ ;kE fi; xVh i[Mko nkJ/Ar/
eoe/ frbk jo J/e ;/ jw o{m ikJ/Ar/.
wksk eGh fgsk eGh GkJh wBkJ/Ar/.HHHHH
pZu'A eh r[csr{ ;[Bh i' dkdh ikB B/.
p/ fJyfsnko o' dhnk T[; tkbkPkB B/.
wksk ih B{z nfj;k; j? fe ewhB/ d[PwD, fgSb/ pj[s bzp/ no;/ s'A
r[o{ xo Bkb gkg Goh Bhns Bkb izr bV oj/ jB. nBzdg[o B{z nZm
wjhB/ x/ok fgnk fojk. nzdo'A nzB gkDh eZgVk xkj bZeVK sZe ;G e[ZM
ysw j' frnk. ftPtk; eoe/ fBebD s/, fco fGnkBe jwbk ehsk
(34)
frnk. nr'A e'Jh y ?o r[ioB tkbh BjhA. w?A sK pI[or jK, go fJjBK
fBZehnK fizdK B{z fet/A Bk fet/A puk btKHHHH. :'rh ih s'A ;[D' L^
nks/ E/ P/o ;kjwD/ rodB e' vkbe/.
ses/ fjoB Gh nki j?A nky/A fBekb e/.
dog/; nB eohp e'Jh fJwfsjkB j?.
yso/ w/A fdy ojh w[M/ pZu'A eh ikB j?.
gkgh rzr{ dh fPekfJs s/ w'fozv/ d/ g[fb; tkb/ ikBh yK wkBh yK
nkD g[Zi/. wksk ih s/ ;kfjpIkfdnK B{z “frqcsko” eo fbnk frnk.
d'tK ;kfjpIkfdnK B{z y[oihnK ftu (;wkB gkT[D tkb/ tZv/ p'o/) gk e/
yZuoK T[s/ bNek fdZsk frnk. wksk ih B{z jZEK ftu bzwk oZ;k pzBQ e/ s/I
s[oB bJh wIp{o ehsk frnk. fJ;/ s;hfjnK Go/ bzw/ ;co s'A pknd
;ojzd gjz[ukfJnk frnk.
Btkp tIho ykB s/ j'o nc;o ni/ uwe"o dh izr tb'A tkg;
BjhA w[V/ ;B. gos e/ fJZe fdB nkokw ehsk fco ;kfjpIkfdnK B{z g/
Ph dk j[ew fdZsk frnk. fJj eow fszB fdBK sZe uZfbnk wzfBnK iKdk
j?. go fJE/ ;zy/g ftu jh ftuko ehsh ik ojh j?. f;gkjh “w[bIwK” B{z
ndkbs ftu fJB;kc tk;s/ b?D nk rJ/. wksk ih B/ bkbK B{z fsnko
ehsk f;Zfynk fdZsh. :'rh ih tZb'A ;[D' ^
ikB/ ;/ gfjb/ nkT[ rb/ ;/ brk s' b{z..
e/;'A e' ezxh eo{z iok w{zj X[bk s' b{z.HHH
p/N/ ;/ gfjb/ fpSVh Eh s[w Gh fpSV ub/.
fprV/ j{J/ B;hp E/ fInkdk fprV ub/.
p/ ofjw d[PwB e/ s[w jkE'A w/A gV ub/.
iziho rw w/A w[M e' :jK go ieV ub/.
e'wb wb{e fizdK i' wB eoe/ nsh pbtkB ;B, ;{p/ ;kjwD/ g/P
ehs/ rJ/. T[E/ eJh soQK d/ vokt/ fdZs/ rJ/. bkbu fdZs/ rJ/, go nv'b
PeshnK fet/A v'b ;edhnK ;B< id'A tIho ykB B/ ;\sh ehsh e[okB d/
ekB{zB dk jtkbk fdZsk sK i'okto f;zx B/ eVe e/ i[nkp fdZsk. nZbk :ko
(35)
ykB :'rh ih fJ; soQK fpnkB eod/ jBL^
;fsr[o e/ bkvb'A B/ dhnk o'jp ;/ ipkp.
fe; ik fbyk j? i[bw fdyk s{z jw/ feskp<
skbhw I'o eh ejh e[onkB w/ BjhA.
y{ph s[wko/ ;kj e/ fJwkB w/A BjhA.
nZr'A nkgDh rZb B{z ;kfjpIkd/ uzrh soQK y'jb e/ ;wMk oj/ jB.
eufjoh ftu jkIo ;ko/ nc;o ekIh fpZN fpZN fJjBK tZb j?okB j' e/
sZe oj/ jB. j?A n?Bh S'Nh T[wo fJsBk tZvk j";bk, fJzBh T[uh ;'u< jZd
j' rJh. nr'A j'o ;[D'L^
e[S p[s gq;s Gh Bjh, B p[s f;eB j?A jw.
nzfwqs Sek j? ip;/ fBjkfJs wrB j? jw.
o'ek i' i[bw ;/ s' w[;bwK fprV rJ/.
p[s e' p[ok ejk s' f:j fjzd{ fpNo rJ/.
c'i'A g/ Bki fJB/, T[B/ d/th ek wkB j?.
nkfPe j? jw y[dk e/ jE/bh g/ ikB j?.
;u e' fwNkT[r/ s'A fwN ikT[r/ ijkB ;/.
vosk BjhA nekb ;fjBPkj eh PkB ;/.
nB/e sohe/, pjkB/, jEezv/ tos e/ ns/ gftZso e[okB B{z ekIh
okjhA ftueko fNek e/, ;kfjpIkfdnK B{z pVh dfozdrh Bkb w"s dh ;Ik
;[Dk fdZsh rJh. gsk BjhA fe; fwZNh d/ pD/ j'J/ ;B, fJj ikpo b'e< s/
d{;o/ gk;/ fJZe tZyoh jh fwZNh d/ ;ki/ ;ztko/ ;B r[o{ e/ bkvb/. Bk vo/
ezp/ Bk fpnkB pdb/HHHH. BhjK ftu fuD/ ikD dk j[ew ;[Dk fdZsk frnk
sK Gh xpokjN Bk j'Jh. :'rh s'A ;[D'L^
fi; dw rb/ rb/ E/ t[j wk;{w rV rJ/.
fdB S[gB/ Gh Bk gkfJnk Ek fe ekfsb TiV rJ/.
fJ; Pjhdh dk f;Zy wBK s/ pj[s rfjok n;o j'fJnk. ;ojzd
gqsh f;ZyK d/ wB nzdo wkB' nZr d/ GKpV pb gJ/. id'A Gh f;ZyK B/ edh
;ojzd s/ uVQkJh eoBh sK bzw/ b?euo d/D dh b'V Bk g?Adh, e/tb fJzBk
(36)
efjDk jh ek|h ;h ^ “f;zx' r[o{ wkoh ;ojzd ftu ;kfjpIkd/ tkiK wko
oj/ jB”. f;zx ;{ow/ jfEnko pzBQ e/ x'fVnK s/ ;tko j', fpBQK d/o ehs/
;ojzd s/ wko{ jZbk p'b fdzd/. :'rh ih dh I[pkBh ^
jw ikB d/ e/ n"o'A eh ikB puk ub/.
f;Zyh eh BhAt jw j?A ;o'A go T[mk ub/.
r[fonkJh ek j? fe;k ijK w/ pBk ub/.
f;zx'A eh ;bsBs ek j? g"dk brk ub/.
rZdh s'A sys p; np e"w gkJ/rh.
d[Bhnk ;/ ikbw'A ek fBPK se fwNkJ/rh.
i'rh ih fJ; pks e' j{Jh E'Vh d/o Eh.
p;sh ;ojzd eh JhN'A ek Y/o Eh.
;Zuw[Zu fJ; soQK dhnK e[opkBhnK B/ :Zy pD/ y{B B{z y"bD bJh
wIp{o eo fdZsk. i'P itkbk GVe T[Zmh. je{ws d/ I[bwK nZr/ M[eD
tkb/ f;o sD yb's/, i[VB tkb/ jZE feogkBK d/ w[ZfmnK B{z ik gJ/. xohA
p?mD tkb/ x'fVnK s/ ;tko j' rJ/. oikJhnK dk fBZx wkBD tkb/ izrbK
dk fBZx wkBD bZr/. r'ohnK dhnK i[bcK Bkb y/vD tkb/ d[PwDK Bkb
izrh ekoBkw/, b[eD whNh y/vD bZr/. MKioK u{VhnK dh ;zrhswJh
nktkI ;[DB dh EK izrh Bkjo/ r[zikT[D bZr gJ/. fJPe wIkIh d/ rhs
rkT[D dh Ekt/A “gkg eh izR b? ekpbj[ XkfJnk i'oh wzr? dkB t/ bkb'”
dhnK r[ikoK g?D bZrhnK. Gkos dk okPNoh eth w?Ebh PoB r[gs
;kfjpIkfdnK dh bkfw;kb e[opkBh pko/ fbydk j? ^
fi; e[b e"w iks e/ pZu/ d/ ;es/ :{z pbhdkB
T[;ek toswkB e[S Gh j' GftP j? wjK wjkB.
brGr 1927 ftu ;ojzd ftu'A dh o/b bkJhB eZYh rJh. ;ojzd
dk wbpk T[; o/b dh gNVh T[s/ gkT[D d/ ezw nkfJnk. T[d'A sZe EK EK
fJE/ fJZNK wbp/ d/ Y/o bZr/ t/y/ iKd/ ;B. e'Jh ftnesh nkgDk xo
pDkT[D tes fJjBK wbp/ dh tos'A BjhA eoBh ukjz[dk ;h. fJj r[o{ wkoh
;ojzd j?, fJ; wbp/ ftu fes/ wk;{wK dk y{B bZrk j't/rk. pzdk f;zx
(37)
pjkdo B/ wbhnk w/N ehsk j? n;hA feT[A fJjdh xoK ftu tos'A eohJ/.”
jo ;kb d;zpo d/ nkyoh jcs/ ;z;ko Go s'A r[o{ xo B{z fgnko
eoB tkb/, ;kfjpIkfdnK dh e[opkBh B{z :kd eoB tk;s/, T[sPkj ns/
gq/oBk b?D tk;s/, fJE/ brGr d; bZy wkJh GkJh nk i[Vd/ jB. XzB jB
nfij/ fgnko tkb/ pI[or phphnK pZu/ B"itkB. Bw;eko j? T[jBK d/
f;de B{z, PoXk B{z bZy bZy gqDkw. okjK ftu bzro bkT[D tkfbnK B{z,
cfsjrVQ ;kfjp fty/ bzroK ;w/s nB/e gqeko ;/tk eoB tkfbnK B{z,
Bw;eko j? nB/e tko. go bkjDs j? T[jBK b'eK s/ i' nfij/ gftZso
GktBK tkb/ fdB rzdrh$gqd{PD c?bkT[Ad/ osh Pow BjhA eod/. w/oh w[okd
j? gkyzvh s/ Y"Arh gogzuh Xkowe w[yhnK s'A (r[ow[y iB fywK eoB)
fiBQK fJE/ nkgDhnK fBZih fe;w dhnK v/o/dkohnK, fBZih wfonkdktK,
nkgD/ jh wo u[Ze/ pkfpnK dh ejkDhnK pVh p/^Powh Bkb ;[Dk oj/ j[zd/
jB. nkg' nkgDh soQK dhnK wZsK d/ oj/ t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. nkg' nkgD/
v/o/ ftnesh dh skoh| g{ik tkbhnK g[;seK s/ c'N'nK, G'b/ PoXkb{nK B{z
t/u oj/ j[zd/ jB. Pq'wDh ew/Nh tkb/ fizw/tkohnK s'A ed'A d/ GZi u[Ze/ jB.
fJjBK gkyzvhnK fto[ZX T[jBK eh eoBk j'fJnk T[j sK y[d jh rb rb
se gkyzv ftu roe j' u[e/ jB. T[jBK dk nkgDk gouk r[ows gqekP
Bk j' e/ wBws gqekP pD u[Zfenk j'fJnk j?. nes{po s/ Btzpo 03 d/
gou/ ;p{s tk;s/ t/y b?Dk. ew/Nh dk gqXkB o'IkBk p/f;o g?o d/ fpnkB
dkr fojk j?. GkJh r[odk; ih fpnkB eod/ jB ^
“wkfJnk vo vogs jko r[od[nko? ikt?,
soK iT[ wkfJnk fpnkg? ejK mfjokJh n?..”
fJjBK T[go tofDs Xow s/ okiBhsh fJeZmh dh v"Avh fgZND tkb/
gqpzXeK dh ;kfiPh fwbh G[rs Bkb r[od[nkok cfsjrVQ ;kjfp d/ d[nkb/
mZr, e[ogN s/ M{m/ oki;h u"XohnK B/ x/ok gkfJnk j[zdk j?. nkg'
nkgDhnK EktK epi/ ftu b? e/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gqekP eoe/, ezB
gkVthnK T[ZuhnK nktkIK tkb/ eJh eJh ;gheo bk e/ e[co s'bd/ jB.
d{ihnK gkoNhnK s/ (;ko/ jh fJZe d{i/ s/) p/Powh Go/ rzd/ fJbIkw bkJ/
(38)
iKd/ jB. T[jBK dk nZrk fgZSk ;G Bzrk eo fdZsk iKdk j?. eh fJ; soQK
fJjBK B{z e{V dh wzvh bkT[D dh nkfrnk fwbDh ukjhdh j?< ;kfjpIkfdnK
dh wjkB e[opkBh tkbk fJfsjk;e EK,r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gqekP, “;u
eh pkDh BkBe[ nky/ ;u[ ;[DkfJ;h ;u[ eh p/bk”. nfij/ gftZso Ekt/A
“ebo[ y/s[ b? e{V iwkfJnk ;G e{V? e/ ybtko/” (981)
torh ;fEsh pDh j'Jh j[zdh j?. fJjBK oki;h b'eK B{z whvhJ/ ftu
o'ikBk M{m/ fpnkB fdzd/ ;[Dhdk t/yhdk j?. pj[s ;kfonK s/ w[eZdw/ pD/
j'J/ jB. fco Xow n;EkBK s/ Gh f;Zy ;zrsK B{z weko b'eK d/ fujo/
feT[A fdZ;D< i' ;oXktkB bZyK wkJh GkJh fJjBK ;EkBK s/ iKd/ jB, eh
oki;h b'eK s'A e{V s/ co/p ;[BD iKd/ jB< bzw/ no;/ s'A fet/A PoXkb{nK
dhnK gftZso GktBK B{z wX'fbnK tb{zXfonk ik fojk j?. j? fe;/ B{z
fceo< nfij/ gftZso fdjkV/ s/ f;y ;zrsK gktB r[opkDh ;[D ;wM e/
ihtB ;cbk eoBk ukj[zdhnK jB. fJfsjk; s'A gq/oBk b? e/ ihtB ftu
T[sPkj GoBk ukj[zdhnK jB. edh ;'funk j? ;kv/, iE/dkoK$gqXkBK B/ fe
fJj Xow n;kEkBK s/ e{V gquko feT[A ehsk ik fojk j?. id'A edh fe;/
r[odtko/ ftu ;zrs i[Vdh j? sK e{V egN Bkb Go/ oki;h B/sk g[i iKd/
jB. Xow T[gd/P eoB bJh. eh fJjBK B{z Xow dh e'Jh v{zxh ikDekoh
j?, eh fJjBK dk nkgDk ihtB Xow s/ nXkfos j?< Xow ft;/a dk wkfjo
gk;/ XZe fdZsk iKdk j?, s/ okiBhsh dk e{V epkV Xow ;EkB dh ;N/i
s/ tzfvnk ikDk P[o{ j' iKdk j?, PkfJd gq;kfd ;wM e/. ;q'L ew/Nh d/
gqXkB ih, y[d fgSb/ thj ;kb s'A oki;h dbdb ftu u[GhnK wkoh ik oj/
jB. bZsK epoK ftu g[Zi rJhnK, oki;h bkb;ktK T[;/ soQK T[;btZN/ b?
ojhnK jB. fezBk uzrk j[zdk nro (iKdh tkoh ;jh) Xow dk e'Jh
tv/ok ekoi eotk iKd/. S/sh jh ;q'L ew/Nh dhnK u'DK j'D tkbhnK jB,
T[jBK d/ wZd/BIo e[M o;wh fijhnK whfNzrK, n?bkB, fpnkB fds/ ik oj/
jB. gfjbK tKr jh u'DK s'A pknd fco T[jh g[okDk okr j't/rk. gzE B{z
ysok j'o fe;/ s'A fJzBk BjhA j? fizBK fJjBK ;kv/ f;o s/ fje d/ skD p?m/
u"XohnK s'A j?. fJ; okw o"b/ ftu Bk Xow fojk Bk okiBhsh ojh. p;
(39)
c'e/ dwri/ wko/ ik oj/ jB. eh ;ko/ f;Zy ;wki ftu e'Jh nfijh ikrdh
iwho tkbk f;Zy BjhA fijVk fJjBK e[eowK d/ fto[ZX fJZe ijkd S/V ;e/
iK fJj wzB bJhJ/ fe fJjBK dhnK pkjtK pj[s bzwhnK jB< 26 nes{po
dh eBt?B;aB ftu r[o{ xo d/ ;Zu/ fjs?PhnK B{z nktki wko e/ ;Zfdnk
frnk ;h. ;zrsK tZb'A GotK j[zrkok fwfbnk. gkyzvhnK$M{fmnK B{z eKpk
fSV frnk. fJj frnkB dh jB/oh T[m gJh j?, e{V/ ey ekB/ fJ; nZr/
fNe BjhA ;eDr/. b'V j? r[o{ frnkB Bkb bpo/i j' e/ i'odko jzGbk
wkoB dh ;fsr[o{ io{o pKj cVBr/.
;G/ rbK ikshnK ;[fD e? u[g ehnk..
edjh ;[ofs B ;Xhnk wkfJnk w'jfVnk..
d/fJ p[Mkos ;kosk ;/ nyh fvmfVnk..
e'Jh fi w{oy b'Ghnk w{fb B ;[Dh efjnk.. (218)
[[[[
(40)
Xow ftfdnk pZfunK bJh fe wksk-fgsk bJh<Xow ftfdnk pZfunK bJh fe wksk-fgsk bJh<Xow ftfdnk pZfunK bJh fe wksk-fgsk bJh<Xow ftfdnk pZfunK bJh fe wksk-fgsk bJh<Xow ftfdnk pZfunK bJh fe wksk-fgsk bJh<
d[Bhnk d/ gqf;ZX wB'ftfrnkBh d;d/ jB fe i' ftuko s[;hA pZu/ B{z
S'Nh T[wo s'A d/D/ P[o{ eo fdT[r/ T[jBK ftukoK B{z XkoB eoe/ pZuk T[;/
soQK dk fJB;kB pD ikt/rk. fJj fBoGo eodk j? f;ykT[D^gVQkT[D
T[go fe T[j y[d fesBk frnkBtkB j?, nkgD/ frnkB B{z pZfunK ftu
;zukos eoB dh fezBh e[ :'rsk oZydk j?. pZfunK B{z fsnko eoB s'A
gfjbK NhuoK dh f;Zfynk nsh Io{oh j? toBk fi; soQK d/ nfXnkge
j'Dr/, pZu/ T[jBK s'A fe;/ soQK Gh uzr/ BjhA j' ;eDr/. pZu/ tk;s/ wksk
fgsk s'A pknd nfXnkge o'b wkvb j'fJnk eod/ jB. i/ wk;No
nfrnkBh j?, eq'Xh j?, ftekoh j?, BPJh j?, M{m p'bdk j?l sK pZfunK s'A
uzr/ Bkrfoe pDB dh nk; oZyDh p/wkjBh j?. mhe tes f;o fdZsh rJh
:'r ;/X ns/ T[sPkj ftfdnkoEh B{z p[bzdhnK s/ gj[zuk ;edh j?. T[;skd
tZb'A fdZsh rJh rbs ;bkj, uzrk ezw eoB tkb/ pZu/ B{z Bekod/^fcNekod/
ofjDk, T[;Bz{ e[okj/ gk ;edk j?. fizadrh ftu'A c/b eo ;edk j? sK s/
fiZE/ Nhuo frnkBtkB j't/ T[E/ fJj Gh T[sBk jh Io{oh j? fe T[FZsw
feodko tkbk Gbk wB[Zy j't/. ;kvhnK ;oekoK ns/ ;e{b ubk ojhnK
;Gk ;[;kfJNhnK B{z fJ; gZy tZb ftP/P fXnkB d/Dk pDdk j?.
;kv/ ;wki ftu pZu/ g?dk eoB s/ e'Jh yk; o'e BjhA j?. wksk^fgsk
fpwko j'D, ngkji j'D, wkBf;e o'rh j'D, Jhoykb{ e'qXh ftekoh j'D,
;G B{z pZu/ g?dk eoB dk jZe j?. fco pZfunK dh ;zGkb pko/ wksk^fgsk
B{z e'Jh frnkB BjhA j[zdk. wkw{bh nbkws s'A tZvhnK fpwkohnK pD
iKdhnK jB, go gsh gsBh p/\po j[zd/ jB. eJhnK EktK s/ fgsk BPJh
j[zdk j?, j'o eJh n?p j' ;ed/ jB. nkoEe szrh ftu fIzdrh dhnK b'VK
g{ohnK eoBhnK ;zGt BjhA j[zdhnK. fJBQK nbkwsK dk yfwnkik pZfunK
(41)
B{z ;koh T[wo G[rsDk g?Adk j?. wksk^fgsk fij'^fijh neb ns/ feodko
d/ wkbe j[zd/ jB, y[d ;z;ko s'A e{u eoB s'A gfjbK, nkgDhA Ekt/A nkgD/
tor/ j'o d' uko (pZu/) fJB;kB ;Ekgs eo iKd/ jB. fJj uZeo fJ;/
soQK fBozso uZbdk ofjzdk j?, edh e'Jh ftobk fJ; x[zwD^x/o ftu'A
pkjo Gkt/A fBeb ;e/ s/ pu ikt/ toBk fJj toskok ;dhnK s'A fJ;/ soQK
tos fojk j?.
gsh^gsBh nkgD/ S'N/ fij/ pZu/ B{z Bkb b? e/ fJZe wB'^ftfrnkBh
e'b ik e/ g[ZSD bZr/ “ih feogk eoe/ dZ;' n;hA nkgD/ pZu/ B{z fe; T[wo
s'A ftfdnk d/Dh P[o{ eohJ/<”.
“iBw s'A fJZe ;kb gfjbK gVQkJh P[o{ eo fdT[.” vkeNo B/
;[MkT[ fdZsk. gsh^gsBh j?okB j' e/ g[ZSD bZr/ “Gbk fJj fet/A ;zGt
j?<” id'A pZuk ni/ iBfwnk BjhA sK f;Zfynk fet/A d/JhJ/< “vkeNo B/
rZb ;gZPN eofdnK dZf;nk fe i' e[ZM s[;hA pZu/ B{z gVQkT[ADk ukj[zd/ j',
gfjbK y[d T[; pko/ gVQkJh eo'. pZu/ B{z sK jh e[ZM f;yk ;e'r/ nro s[;hA
y[ad f;Zy u[Ze/ j't'r/. fJ; bJh pZu/ d/ iBw s'A fJZe ;kb gfjbK s[;hA y[d
nkgDh fsnkoh nkozG fdT[.” fJ; nt;Ek B{z t/y e/ jh PkfJd fe;/
PkfJo B/ fJj ;soK fbyhnK jBL^
fscb (pZuk) ;/ p{ nkJ/ fenk, wK pkg e/ feodko eh.
d{X s' vZp/ ek j?, skbhw j? ;oeko eh.
;kvk ;kfonK dk t/fynk^gofynk fIzdrh dk siopk dZ;dk j?
“s{s nkfd o[Zy dhnK gsbhnK johnK NkjDhnK b? e/, T[;B{z wB fJZS/ Yzr
Bkb w'fVnk ik ;edk j?. N'eohnK nkfd b'VhAdhnK t;sK pDkJhnK ik
;edhnK jB. d{i/ gk;/ nro fJj gsbhnK NkjDhnK w'NhnK j' ikD iK
;[Ze ikD sK fJj w[VBrhnK BjhA N[ZN Gkt/A ikD. x[fwnko y/sK ftu'A
;'jDh fwZNh fbnk e/, T[;B{z eZ[N e/ pohe eo b?Adk j?. gkDh gk e/ r[zBdk
j?. g{oh fsnkoh s'A pknd uZe B{z I'o Bkb x[wk e/ gkDh tkb/ jZEK ftu
T[; fwZNh dk Y/bk b? e/, wB tkSs Gkv/ fsnko eoe/ gk;/ oZyh iKdk j?.
pD/ GKfvnK B{z ;[ek e/ ozr eoe/ nZr ftu gZeD bJh soshp Bkb oZy
(42)
fdzdk j?. e[ZM fdBK s'A pknd nZr p[ZM ikD s/, nkth ftu'A GKv/ eZY bJ/
iKd/ jB. go j[D gZe/ j'J/ fwZNh d/ posBK B{z e'Jh pdbtK o{g d/Dk
ukjhJ/ sK BjhA d/ ;eKr/. j[D sK i/ fwZNh dk posB N[ZN Gh frnk sK
mheohnK sK pD ikt/rk d[pkok fJ;B{z i'VBk Bk w[wfeB j?. wB fJZSs
wPhBK pDkT[DhnK j'D sK b'jk nZr s/ ukjV e/ YkbDk$fgxbDk gt/rk, sK
jh b'VhAdh Peb fdZsh ik ;edh j?.”
fi; d{o nzd/P fe;kB B/ c;b s'A uzrk MkV s/ w[Bkck b?Dk j't/,
T[j bzwh ;'u ftuko s'A pknd, y/sh wkfjoK dh okJ/ b? e/, ;ko/ b'VhAd/
gqpzX eoe/ ezw P[o{ eodk j?. fe;/ wB[Zy B/ pk} bkT[Dk j't/ sK gfjbK
IwhB dh goy eotkJ/rk, gkDh ykd pko/ ;'u/rk. cbK bJh wzvheoD
fXnkB ftu oZy/rk. ;kohnK Io{osK g{ohnK eoB s'A pknd i/ pk} bkt/
rk w[Bkck ewk ;e/rk. fJ;/ soQK y/vK ftu B"itkBK B{z ekw:kph gqkgs
eoB tk;s/ bzwh fsnkoh dh Io{os j'fJnk eodh j?. fit/A uzrh g"PfNe
y[oke, szdo[;s ;oho, ;tZS tksktoD, y[Zb/Q y/v rokT{Av ns/ wkfjo
y/v e'u sK fes/ ekw:kph dh T[whd ehsh ik ;edh j?. \kBdkBh s"o s/
eJh fJZe ;zrhs xokD/ gqf;ZX jB. T[jBK ftu ;zrhs pko/ fJBk frnkB
fJe' fdB BjhA nk frnk. fe;/ g[okD/ pI[or B/ ihn ikB bk e/ emB
fwjBs ehsh. p; T[; s'A wro'A wkj"b fsnko j' frnk. pZfunK B{z fBZeh
T[wo/ ;ki ;zrhs Bkb tkj tk;sk g?D bZrk s/ f;ybkJh xo'A ;fji/ jh
gqkgs ;h. fJ; soQK nZr/ s'A nZr/ uzr/ ;zrhs xokD/ ;Ekgs j' rJ/.
fIzdrh d/ jo y/so ftu fJjh f;b;bk uZfbnk nk fojk j?. j[D Iok e[
fJfsjk; tZb sodh BIo wko bJhJ/. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh PoB ftu
j'o nDfrDs ifrnk;{ nkJ/ ihtB ;/X b?Ad/ oj/. go p{Vk Bkwh pkbe
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh jI{oh ftu nfijk bhB j'fJnk. ftdtkB g[oy
pfDnk fe f;Zy ;wki pkpk p[ZYk ;kfjp ih nkye/ ;fseko d/D bZr
fgnk. fJ; pkpk ih B{z S/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ doPB eoB dk ;[Gkr gqkgs
j'fJnk. r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ih yv{o fty/ S'N/ pkbeK B{z r[opkDh gVQkT[D
bJh T[u/uk fXnkB fdzd/ ;B. y[d bZeVh dh sysh s/, gfjb/ gzi r[ow[yh
(43)
nZyo fby pZfunK B{z fbyD bJh T[sPkjs eod/ ;B. fJjh sohek sh;o/
;fsr[o{ ih ;w/A Gh ubdk fojk. r[o{ noiB ;kfjp fgqEh uzd s/ wjKd/t
ih B/ ;koh ftfdnk BkBk ;fsr[o{ ih s'A jh gVQh ;h. BkBh ih nkgD/ Bkb
pk;oe/ b? nkJ/. fJE/ jh r[o{ nwodk; ih dk fwjo Gfonk jZE pkbe
i/mk ih d/ f;o s/ fNfenk s/ ;fsr[o{ T[;B{z nkgD/ Bkb r'fJzdtkb b? rJ/.
y[d r[opkDh r[ow[yh gVQkJh, ;zrhs dh ftfdnk fdZsh, ;/tk bJh T[sPkj
Gfonk. ;ko/ gZyK s'a w[ezwb j'D s/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh rZdh s/ fpmk,
fizaw/tkoh ;"Ag fdZsh.
fszBK GoktK ftu'A pkbe (r[o{) noiB ;kfjp tX/o/ j'Djko
fBefbnk. e/tb nmkoK ;kb d/ w[ZS^c[ZN rZGo{ ;B fe ;fsr[o{ okwdk;
ih B/ fJBQK B{z r[orZdh dh wjkB fIzw/tkoh p\P fdZsh. ;w/A dh fcoe{
;oeko tZb'A iB{Bh pqkjwDK tZb'A, ns/ tZv/ Gok fgqEh uzd tZb'A pj[s
o[ektNK yVQhnK ehshnK rJhnK, go nv'b ofj e/ ;ko/ ekoi eod/ oj/.
fJBQK dh Pjhdh tes r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh T[wo e/tb frnkoK e[
;kb ;h. r[o{ fgsk dh nkfrnk w[skpe jfEnko XkoB ehs/, c"iK Gosh
ehshnK, nekb s\s dh f;oiDk ehsh, izr i[X ehs/. fJzBh S'Nh T[wo/
pj[s tZvh fIzw/tkoh B{z pky{ph fBGkfJnk. r[owfs dh f;Zfynk uZbdh
ojh, nkgD/ g'so/ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih B{z r[orZdh s/ fpokIwkB eo fdZsk,
sd'A jfo okfJ ;kfjp dh T[wo e/tb u'dK e[ ;kb dh ;h. nZr'A sK j'o Gh
j?okBhiBe ekoBkw/ j'J/ pkbe (r[o{) jfo fePB ih ;kY/ e[ gzi ;kb dh
T[wo ftu r[orZdh dh fIzw/tkoh ;zGkbD d/ g{oh soQK ;woZE ;B. fisBk
;wK nekb g[oy tZb'A fwfbnk, ;kohnK fIzw/tkohnK pky{ph fBGkT[Ad/ oj/.
nzs f;nkDg Goh u'D eoe/ r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih B{z r[orZdh s/
fpokiwkB eoe/, i'sh^i'fs ;wk rJ/. d;w gksPkj ih B{z g{oh soQK :'r
ikDe/ goy eoe/ B"t/A ;fsr[oK, r[orZdh d/D dk n?bkB eo fdZsk s/ y[d
n'ozrI/p d/ ;Zd/ s/ fdZbh tZb uZb gJ/. sd'A r[o{ r'fpzd okJ/ ih dh ;ohoe
T[wo eohp ;kY/ B"A e[ ;kb ;h. T[j r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh i'fs d/ mhe
tkfo; f;ZX j'J/. uko/ ;kfjpIkd/ pj[s S'Nh T[wo ftu jh ;z;ko ;kjwD/
(44)
Bt/A ehoshwkB ;Ekgs eo rJ/. nihs f;zx T[FZBh ;kb s/ i[Mko f;zx
gzdoK e[ ;kb d/ ;B id'A nDfrDs IkbwK B{z gko p[bkT[AfdnK Pjhdh B{z
gqkgs j' rJ/. I'okto f;zx B" ;kb s/ |fsj f;zx ;Zs e[ ;kb d/ ;B id'A
T[jBK nfijk ;kek toskfJnk fi;d/ Bkb jh d[Bhnk ftu fw;kb BjhA
fwbdh. “fBZehnK fizdK tZvk ;kek”. fJj dZ;D s'A w[okd fJj' j? fe
pZfunK B{z mhe ;w/A s/ T[fus f;Zfynk fwbh. fBZehnK T[woK ftu jh
wjkB ekoBkw/ eoB d/ ;woZE pD rJ/. fJ; ;ko/ ;wA ftu fJBQK T[woK
tkb/ fe;/ pkbe B/ ;ko/ fjzd';skB eh d[Bhnk ftu nfij/ p/i'V f;nkDg
ns/ ;{owrsh d/ ekoBkw/ BjhA ehs/. fJj e/tb r[o{ xo d/ jh fjZ;/
nkfJnk ;h.
GkJh sko{ f;zx ih B{z pugB ftu jh f;nkDh wK s'A r[owfs dh
;'Mh gokgs j'Jh. r[opkDh dk frnkB fdqV j' frnk, ikbwK B/ M{m/
fJbikw bk e/ Gkt/A p/nzs s;hj/ fdZs/, y'goh sZe T[sko fdZsh, go GkJh
sko{ f;zx ih fe;/ w[;hps B{z t/y e/ v'b/ BjhA. f;Zyh e/;K ;[nk;K Bkb
fBGk rJ/. GkJh jehes okJ/ B/ jkbh yzv/ dh gkj[b BjhA bJh ;h. wksk
fgsk r[o{ fgnko tkb/ ;B. ;j[ok gfotko f;Zyh ftu gqgZe ;h. jehes
okJ/ s/ M{mk d'P bk e/ frqcsko ehsk frnk, s;hj/ fdZs/ rJ/ e/tb s/oK e[
;kb dk nZbV b{nK pkbe, f;Zyh s/ fdqV fojk. Pjhdh sK gk frnk go
Xow s'A Bk v'fbnk. GkJh ;[p/r f;zx dk Bkpkbr fBnkDk g[Zso Pkjpki
f;zx f;oc 18 e[ ;kb dk ;h id'A ikbwK B/ nB/e s;hj/ fdZs/, nv'b
fojk. nzs fgsk dhnK nZyK d/ sko/ B{z fgsk d/ ;Bw[y jh uoyVh s/
u{ok^u{ok eo fdZsk. go nkyoh ;[nk; sZe f;Zyh f;de s'A Bk v'fbnk.
pknd ftu fgsk ;H ;[p/r f;zx B{z Gh g[Zso d/ fgS/ N'o fdZsk frnk. d't/A
fgT[^g[Zso “uoyhnK s/ uVQ/” Pjhdh gk e/ nkgD/ Bkw B{z nodk; ftu
Pkwb eotk rJ/. fBZe/ pZfunK d/ N[eV/ eoe/ wktK d/ rbK ftu jko gkJ/
rJ/, nKdoK eZYe/ wksktK dhnK M'bhnK ftu oZy fdZshnK rJhnK,
B/fInK ftu wk;{w fizdK B{z go' fdZsk frnk, go f;Zyh f;de fe;/ B/ BjhA
jkfonk. fJj ;ko/ e"se fet/A tosd/ oj/< feT[Afe xo ftu f;Zyh dh
(45)
f;Zfynk dh f;Zfynk pugB s'A jh fdZsh rJh. wksk fgsk fBwkDh fIzdrh
Bkb'A ;fsr[o{ dh f;Zyh B{z fInkdk fgnko eod/ ;B. jo soQK d/ d[Zy dod
T[jBK r[ows s'A e[opkB eo fds/.
wjkB i'X/ ;H uVQs f;zx dk g'sok, ;H wjK f;zx dk g[Zso jkbh
frnkok e[ ;kb dh T[wo ftu ;h fe fgsk ;H wjK f;zx fJZe izr ftu
b/y/ bZr rJ/. P[ZeouZehnk fw;b dh tZvh fIzw/tkoh pkbe d/ f;o nk
rJh. eBQJhnK fw;b dh d{o^nzd/P ;odkoBh ;dk e"o B/ ;ko/ t?o G[bk
e/ oDihs f;zx Bkb nkgDh p/Nh dk foPsk eo fdZsk. d' fw;bK fJZe j'
rJhnK, fgsk torh pjkdo, ykb;k gzE dh p/i'V ;yPhns ;odkoBh
;dk e"o B/ pkbe oDihs f;zx B{z j"A;bk fdZsk, nrtkJh fdZsh. f;ybkJh
fdZsh. y[d jfEnko pzBQ e/ x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/ izr ftu ik GVE{ gkT[Adh.
d[PwDK B{z d"VfdnK okj Bk bZGdk. ;ko/ pzB/ ykb;k oki bJh fiZs d/ Mzv/
rZvdh ojh. oDihs f;zx B/ fiE/ fgsk wjK f;zx s'A :[ZX ftfdnk f;Zyh,
T[E/ nkgDh ;Z; wK ;dk e"o s'A fjzws j";bk izrh dkn g/u f;Zye/ fJj
pkbe pjkdoK dh gqEw Po/Dh ftu ;[wko j' frnk.
fJZe fdB fJj s/oK e[ ;kb dk nZbV T[wo B"itkB oDihs f;zx e[M
;kEhnK ;w/s fPeko y/vdk, nkgD/ d[PwD ‘j;ws uZm/’ d/ fJbke/ ftu
dk\b j' frnk. nuBu/sh uZmk ;odko Gh fJ;/ izrb ftu fPeko eodk
nkD g[Zfink. ;H uVQs f;zx ns/ wjK f;zx B/ uZm/ ;odkoK dk pj[s tZvk
fJbkek y'je/ nkgD/ oki ftu Pkwb eo fbnk ;h. T[j t?o fJ; d/ nzdo
ezv/ tKr u[G fojk ;h. uZm/ ;odko B/ fJ; jZE nkJ/ w"e/ s'A g{ok ckfJdk
T[mkT[D dh mkD bJh s/ u"dK e[ ;kbk nZbV T[wo d/ pkbe B{z tzrko gkJh
“oDihs f;zxK fi; w"e/ dh w?A sbkP ftu ;K T[j nkD Y[Zfenk j?. i/
fjzws j? sK BZ; GZi eo t/y. P/o dh dkVQ ftu'A pN/ok pu e/ BjhA ik ;e/
rk. b? eo b? oZp B{z :kd wko ntkI nkgD/ tv/fonK B{zHHHH”.
oDihs f;zx ;zGfbnk, uko/ pzB/ s/ih Bkb fBrkj d[VkJh BZ; ikDK
n;zGt ;h. T[;B/ nkyoh Yzr tofsnK g{o/ o'jp Bkb uZm/ ;odko B{z
w[yksp j[zfdnK fejk “UJ/ tZfvnk ;{ofwnK fJZe pkbe B{z wkoB tk;s/
(46)
nkj pfxnkVk dh g{oh XkV b? e/ vhrK wko fojk j?A. i/ pjkdoh dk osk
wk;k s/o/ nzdo eD j?, s/o/ tZfvnK dk y{B s/ohnK BkVK ftu tr fojk j?,
i/ s?B{z nkgD/ jfEnkoK ns/ v'fbnK s/ wkD j? sK fJBQK N[ZeV p'uK B{z gk;/
eoe/ nk uVQs f;zx d/ g'so/, fBZe/ fij/ pkbe Bkb s{z f;ZX/ wZE/ d' jZE eo
t/y `” j? fjzws< j;wsykB nkgD/ ;kEhnK ;kjwD/ Pofwzdrh BjhA
T[mkT[Dk ukj[zdk ;h. T[;B{z fJj Gh wkD ;h fe eZbQ dk pkbe w/o/ tor/
siop/eko ;{ow/ nZr/, fezBh e[ d/o nV ;e/rk. T[;B/ oDihs f;zx dh
bbeko ;theko eo bJh. nkgD/ ;kEhnK B{z gk;/ ybQko fdZsk, fJXo'A
oDihs f;zx i?ekok rike/ nZr/ tfXnk. d't/A ;{ow/ jfEnko ;{sh r[Z;/
ftu v'ba/ coed/ x'fVnK s/ ;tko j' nkjw'^;kjwD/ NZeo gJ/. fJZe xVh
y{p b'j/ s/ b'jk yVfenk. x'V/ jzG rJ/ ;{ofwnK B{z S'N/^w'N/ i\w Gh bZr
u[Ze/ ;B g;hB/ ftu rV[Zu, fJZe d{i/ d/ y{B d/ fgnk;/. uZm/ ;odko B/
;koh skes fJeZmh eoe/, fJZe j'o i'aodko jZbk p'fbnk. T[; tZb'A ehs/
Got/A tko B{z oDihs f;zx B/ u[;sh tos e/ Bekok eo fdZsk, s/ g?Adh ;ZN/
nZy d/ gbeko/ fizB/ ;w/A nzdo, nfijk ekoh tko ehsk fe j;ws ykB
fJ; w"s d/ cfoPs/ Bz{ o'e Bk ;fenk, s/ T[;dk f;o eZd{ tKr eZN e/
IwhB s/ ik fvZrk. fpibh fijh c[osh Bkb oDihs f;zx B/ eZN/ f;o B{z
s[ozs B/i/ go'fbnk s/ nkgD/ x'V/ B{z nZvh bk fdZsh. pkeh uZfmnK d/
;zGbD s'A gfjbK^gfjbK fJj r[o{ ek to';kfJnk, ykb;k gzE dh nkB
PkB, nZyK s'A T[jb/ j' u[Zfenk ;h. okDh wK ;dk e"o d/ uoBK s/, j;ws
dk f;o ik ;[ZfNnk. “t/y wK s/o/ j'D jko d[bko/ B/ tkfjr[o{ dh feogk
Bkb fJeZfbnK jh nkdwy'o pZpoP/o B{z gko p[bk fdZsk j?. j[D ;ko/ oki
dhnK jZdK j'o w'ebhnK j' ikDrhnK.” d't/A wksktK B/ oDihs f;zx dk
wZEk u[zfwnk, rbtZeVh ftu b?, n;h;K dh MVh bk fdZsh. nekb g[oy
dk bZy^bZy P[eo ehsk.
gkme iB' ` fJZe tkoh fJ; xNBk tZb w[V Mksh wko' goy'. e/tb
u"dK ;kb T[wo dk oDihs f;zx, x'V/ dk Pkj ;tko j?. Ykb^sbtko,
sho, B/Ik nkfde ;ko/ jfEnkoK dh tos'A eoB dk T[;skd j?. S'Nh
(47)
T[wo/ ;oho B{z c'bkd tKr wip{s eo u[Zfenk j?. j";b/ ftu nv'b j?,
s[ozs c?;bk eo b?D dh nEkj neb dk e'N j?. jzY/ tos/ i'X/ B{z ;ohoe
ns/ wkBf;e pb Bkb w?dkB ftu jok e/, nkgDh ;{owrsh d/ Mzv/ rZv
frnk j?. fJ; d/ nkgD/ ;kEh ns/ f;o eNtk u[Ze/ j;wsykB d/ ;kEh
fpZN^fpZN j?okB j'J/ t/yd/ jh ofj rJ/, id'A fJj ekok tkgo frnkHHH.
iok ;'u' oDihs f;zx dh f;ybkJh fezBh T[wo s'A P[o{ j'Jh j't/rh< e'Jh
PZe BjhA fe nekb g[oy dk fJ; d/ f;o s/ fwjoK Gfonk jZE ;h. go
fJj ;kok tkfenk eokwks BjhA ;h, eokwks tork Io{o gqshs j' fojk
;h. gzi e[ ;kb dh T[wo s'A jh oDihs f;zx dh ;ohoe ns/ wkBf;e
fsnkoh tk;s/ f;nkD/ T[;skdk B{z skfJBks eo fdZsk frnk ;h. ;ko/
T[fus Yzr tos/ s/ eJh^eJh xzN/, PPso ftfdnk f;ykJh iKdh ;h.
y[oke d/ Bkb^Bkb ;ohoe nfGnk; tofiP tZb T[u/uk fXnkB fdZsk
iKdk ;h. jw T[wo w[zfvnK dhnK N'bhnK pDk e/ coih w[ekpb/ eotkJ/
iKd/ ;B. iok e[ tZvk j'D s/, fgsk ;H wjK f;zx ;uw[u pzd/ cZNV j[zd/,
wod/ fvZrd/, jfEnko fGVd/ ftykT[D bJh izr d/ w?dkB ftu nkgD/ Bkb
fbikD bZr fgnk ;h. pj[s S'Nh T[wo s'A ;opgZyh Nq/fBzr d/Dh P[o{ ehsh
rJh, sK fes/ ik e/ Pkj w[jzwd tor/ ethnK fbfynk ^
“wjKpbh oDihs f;zx j'fJnk g?dk Bkb I'o d/ w[be fjbkJ/ frnk.
e[b{ eKrVk ekpb s/ uhB skJhA f;Zek nkgD/ Bkw ubkfJ frnk.”
oDihs f;zx ;skoK e[ ;kb dk rZGo{ ;h id'A bkj"o fty/ ;zwD
p[oi d/ n?B ;kjwD/ j/mK g[Zie/ nekb^nekb d/ i?ekoK bkT[D pknd,
P/o roi Bkb fJj nkfynk ;h “UJ/ npdkbh (nfjwdPkj) d/ g'so/, i/
;{owk j? sK pkjo fBeb s?B{z uVQs f;zx dk g'sok d' jZE eoB bJh tzrko
gk fojk j?.” Pkj iwkB vodk pkjo Bk nkfJnk s/ oks d/ jB/o/ ftu
S[ge/ d"V frnk, ekpb ik e/ ;kj fbnk. T[Bh ;kb dh T[wo ftu oDihs
f;zx B/ bkj"o fiZs e/ ykb;/ dk e/;oh Mzvk M[bk fdZsk ;h.
oDihs f;zx S/t/A wjhB/ fdtkbh^ft;kyh B{z y[ZbQ/ w/fbnK ftu'A
:'rsk t/y e/ nkgDh c"i bJh B"itkBK dh u'D efonk eodk ;h. fJ;
(48)
tkoh Gh gfjbK tKr oDihs f;zx T[FZu/ EK s/ fpokiwkB j' e/, rZGo{nK d/
izrh eosp t/y fojk ;h fe tkoh nkT[D s/ fJZe nsh c[oshbk rZGo{ x'V/
B{z ;ogN d'VKfdnK fpibh dh s/ih tKr w?dkB ftu nkfJnk. gfjbK
ehsh fsnkoh w[skpe nkgd/ B/i/ Bkb IwhB ftu rZfvnk febk g[ZfNnk s/
;ogZN nZr/ bzx frnk. ;kfonK skVhnK wkoe/ T[;dh j"A;bk ncikJh
ehsh. fco T[;B/ sbtkopkih d/ j?okBh iBe eosp ftykJ/, y{p tkjtk
yZNh. sho dk fBPkBk c[zvDk s/ w[rdo u[ZeDk Gh T[;d/ P"e dk nzr ;B.
wjkoki/ dk T[; tZb ftP/aP fXnkB frnk, feT[Afe fJj rZGo{ fiE/ nfs
c[oshbk, s/r, sho dk XBh ;h, T[E/ T[wo gZy'A jkbh nBdkVQhnk pkbe jh
BIo nkT[Adk ;h. oDihs f;zx B/ fJ;B{z e'b ;Zde/ ;kpkP fdZsh, fJZe ;"
o[gfJnk Brd fJBkw d/ e/ g[ZfSnk, “B"itkBK s/o/ eospK s''A pj[s y[P
jK eh Bkw j? s/ok<” ih ;oeko w?B{z joh f;zx efjzd/ B/. go jI{o ni/
w/o/ e[ZM eosp ftykT[D/ pkeh jB, feogk eoe/ w?B{z fJ; tZv/ nykV/ ftu
e[;sh bVB dk w"ek fdZsk ikt/, nkgDk e'Jh Gh Bkwh gfjbtkB eZY'.
jK^jK feT[A BjhA nkT[ pJh w/o/ wZyDk d/ gkfbU, fJZe :'Xk nkT[ s/
ftykT[ nkgDh skes. Bkwh gfjbtkBK ftu'A fJZe nZr/ tfXnk eZgV/
T[sko/ fBok ;kjB gqshs j' fojk ;h. fJXo joh f;zx B/ id'A eZgV/ bkj/
t/yD tkb/ ewkJ/ j'J/ wip{s iZ;/ B{z t/yd/ jh ofj rJ/. w[zfvnk feT[
jZvhnK GBkT[D bZrk j?A d"V ikj w/o/ ;kjwfDU, go nzdo'A fJ; j'Djko
rZGo{ d/ v"b/ s/ Sksh tZb sZe G? Ghs j' fojk ;h. fJPkok j'fJnk, d't/A
r[ZEw^r[ZEk j'J/, gsk Gh Bk bZrk fe ed'A joh f;zx T[; GbtkB B{z fus
eoe/ Sksh s/ uVQ p?mk ;h. ;kfonK joh f;zx B{z dkd fdZsh s/ w'Nk
gfjbtkB BhthA gkJh g?o x;hNdk nykV/ s'A go/ ik p?mk. joh f;zx
roithA ntkI ftu p'fbnk “fJeZbk GbtkB w/o/ nZr/ e'Jh BjhA nV
;e/rk, fJ; bJh e'Jh d' GbtkB fJeZm/ nkT[ fiBQK p{ohnK dk d[ZX
ghskHHH.” e[ZM x[;o^w[;o j'Jh, wjkoki/ B/ fJPkok ehsk, jkEhnK torh
vhb v"b tkb/ d' GbtkB joh f;zx Bk fGV gJ/. fJj nb{nK rZGo{ sK
fBok skes dk s{ckB ;h fi; tZb XkJh eoe/ g?Adk T[;d/ g?o T[yV iKd/
(49)
s/ MZN d{i/ B{z nk dp'udk. b'eh w{zj ftu T[rbK gk oj/ ;B. wjkokik
oDihs f;zx j?okB j'fJnk fJZe NZe t/yh ik fojk ;h. fe;/ B/ GhV ftu'A
i?ekok SZfvnk p'b/ ;' fBjkbHH n'j t/y' d't/A GbtkB nykVk SZve/ d"V oj/
jB, UJ/ joh f;zx fiZs frnk, fJeZbk d' B{z jok frnk, pJh fJj w[zvk j?
e'Jh pbk j?< joh f;zx nk rZGo{nk w?A pj[s y[P jK s/o/ s/ ` wjkoki/ B/
j";bk ncikJh ehsh. “;oeko ni/ w/oh s;Zbh BjhA j'Jh, s[;hA gfjbK
bZ;h ghD/ GV'b/ fij/ w/o/ ;kjwD/ G/i fdZs/. jI{o j[D gzi ikfDnk B{z fJe'
tkoh eZY' ;kjt/ wZE/, fiBQK wK dk d[ZX ghsk j't/. joh f;zx g[Zsok` jzeko
BjhA eohdk j[zdk ;Zu^w[Zu w?A s/oh skes ns/ c[osh s'A pj[s y[P jK j[D
ofjD d/. wjkoki/ B/ ;bkj fdZsh. BjhA ;oeko` jzeko e'Jh BjhA, r[o{ s/
Go';k s/ nkgDh skes s/ ftPtk; j?, s[;hA d/o Bk eo', w/o/ nowkB g{o/
eo fdT[. S/sh G/i' nkgD/ gzi GbtkBHHH.”
;kok w/bk fJ;/ EK swkPk t/yD bJh ;kj o'eh fpZN^fpZN fJ;
n;hw skes d/ wkbe joh f;zx tZb t/y fojk ;h. fJsB/ ftu gob/ e'B/
s'A gzi rZGo{ fJZe^fJZe eoe/ nZr/ tX/. eZgV/ T[skofdnK t/yD tkb/
T[dk;hBsk ftu rZbK eoB bZr/ ^ “bU pJh joh f;zx j[D BjhA puD
bZrk, feZE/ fJeZbh fizd feE/ gzi ;{ow/ ekjdk w[ekpbk j?. ;oeko B{z
ukjhdk j? fJj e[Psh Bk j'D d/t/. BjhA joh f;zx dh jZvh gZ;bh fJZe j'
ikt/rh.” fJsB/ ftu joh f;zx w[V s'A skikdw j' u[Zfenk ;h, wB nzdo
bVB d/ dkT[g/u ;'u u[Zfenk ;h. T[jBK gziK ftu'A fJZe nZr/ tXfdnK r[Z;/
ftu Gpfenk ^ pZu{ ` wzik wzrtk b? nZi N[o e/ nykV/ ftu'A pkjo BjhA
ik ;e/Ark.” T[;dh I[pkB ftu'A fJj p'b fBebfdnK jh joh f;zx uhs/
tKr Skb wko e/ T[;dh rodB s/ nfijk fgnk fe T[;d/ j'P r[zw j' rJ/.
j'o d' iD/ nZr/ tZX/ sK joh f;zx MekBh d/ e/ fJZe tZb T[Zuk T[Sb e/ Sksh
ftu d[bZsh eZY wkoh s/ T[j u"ckb ik fvZrk. shi/ B{z bZe'A cVe/ nfijh
G[nkNDh fdZsh fe go/ trkj wkfonk. ofjzd/ d' nZr/ sK tX oj/ ;B, go
nzdo'A ezp rJ/. joh f;zx B/ fJZe B{z fpibh dh s/ih Bkb nfijk X'ph
gNek wkfonk fe T[j w[V T[mD i'rk Bk fojk. gzitK joh f;zx B{z nkgD/
(50)
tZb s/ih Bkb nkT[AfdnK t/ye/ gfjbK jh w/wD/ tKr fwnKedk j'fJnk
ikB puk e/ nfijk BZf;nk fe eZgV/ u[ZeD Gh Bk nkfJnk joh f;zx
g;hB/ ftu B[ZuV fojk ;h, ;oho ftu'A uzfrnkV/ fBeb oj/ ;B, v"b/ coe
oj/ ;B. nkb/^d[nkb/ t/fynk ;koh GhV v"o^G'o j'Jh gZEo tKr nfjb
t/y ojh ;h. joh f;zx pZpo P/o tKr rofink ` j? e'Jh wkJh dk bkb`
fjzws j? fe;/ ftu d' jZE eoB dhHHH< p'b/ ;' fBjkb, ;fs ;qh nekb.
;kok w/bk r{zi T[FZfmnk t/yD tkfbnK joh f;zx s'A o[fgnK dh pkoP eo
fdZsh. fi; e'b p'M ftu i' e[ZM ;h T[jh joh f;zx nZr/ ;[ZN fdZsk.
wjkokik oDihs f;zx nkgD/ fNekD/ s'A T[sfonk.b'ehA fgSKj jNd/ rJ/,
fwZNh Bkb bZE^gZE joh f;zx B{z ;oeko B/ x[ZNe/ ebkt/ ftu b? fbnk.
wZEk u[zfwnk fgnko n;h; fdZsh, thj jIko o[gJ/ dk jho/ ifVnk jko,
nkgD/ rb'A ftu'A T[sko e/, joh f;zx d/ rb ftu gk fdZsk. g[Zsok ` w?A
pj[s y[P jK s/oh ;{owrsh s'A, nZi s'A s{z w/ok fBZih gfjo/dko j't/Krk s/
oh B"eoh nZi s'A gZeh. ikj nkgDh wK B{z, fgT[ B{z y[;^\poh d/j, Bkb/
w/o/ tb'A T[jBK B{z r[o |fsj p[bkJh, XzB jB T[j fijBK dk nfijk j'Djko
;{owk g[Zso j?.
fJ; tkoh ;ko/ w/b/ ftu joh f;zx dhnK X[zwK ;B, ;kfonK dh
BIo dk skok pD frnk ;h. xo xo ik e/ ;kfonK y[zYK s/ fJeZmK ftu
joh f;zx dh ;{owrsh d/ ;'fjb/ rkJ/. e'Jh nky/ “T[; ftu P/o torh
c[osh j? s/ d{ik nky/ go skes T[; ftu jkEh fizBh j?. T[fJ G'fbU fJZe
jkEh fizBh BjhA, bZrd? T[j sK eJh ;ko/ jkEhnK dh skes ;zGkbh
fcod?”. s/ joh f;zx B/ nkgD/ xo ik wK B{z x[ZN rZbtZeVh gkJh s/ u[Zee/
eJh G[nkNDhnK d/ fdZshnK “t/ g[Zs ` n?t/A Bk w/ohnK jZvhnK eVek
d/thA, pZ; eo w/ok pZuk. wK B{z ;kjwD/ ybko e/ fJBkw ftu fwfbnk jko
nkgD/ rb'A T[skoe/ wK d/ rb ftu gk fdZsk.” j?A n?Bk ;'jDk jko< dZ;
g[Zs feE'A u[Ze fbnkfJnk j?A fJj ehwsh jko< i/ fe;/ B{z gsk bZr frnk
sK ;oeko B{z \po j' rJhHHH< U w/oh fgnkoh wK fJ; jko dk ;koh
d[Bhnk B{z gsk j?, ;oeko B{z Gh gsk j?. fJj jko sK w?B{z y[d ;oeko B/
(51)
fJBkw ftu fdZsk j?. w?A T[E/ gzi^gzi GbtkBK B{z fuZs eo fdZsk. ;oeko
B/ y[P j' e/ fJj jko Gh fdZsk j? s/ w?B{z nkgDh c"i ftu Gosh eo fbnk
j?. joh f;zx fJe' ;kj/ efj frnk. ;Zu ` w?A ;Zde/ w/o/ bkvb/, w?A tkoh
;fsr[o{ s?B{z bzwh T[wo d/t/ i[r^i[r iht/A. fbnk Bh e[VhJ/ w/o/ bkb dk
w{zj fwZmk eokT[. ;ohe/ ftu \po eo fdT[, oksh ;ko/ ob e/ \[PhnK
wBktKr/. j|s/ Go ukn wbko g{o/ eoe/ fJj rZGo{ wjkoki/ dh c"i dk
f;gkjh pD frnk. uVQdh itkBh wIp{s GotK i[Z;k ;kY/ S/ c[ZN eZd
doPBh rZGo{ B{z t/y e/ G[Zy bfjzdh. e[ZM fdBK dh f;Zfynk s'A pknd
wjkoki/ dh fBZih N[eVh dk w?Apo pDk fdZsk frnk. wjkokik fPeko B{z
iKdk x'V/ s/ ;tko j[zdk ;zrh n|;o Gh x'fVnK s/ j[zd/, go fJjBK Bt/A
Gosh j'J/ f;gkjhnK B{z ;kok fdB x'fVnK pokpo g?db d"VBk j[zdk ;h.
wjhfBnK s/ ;kbk pZXh fJj nfGnk; ikoh ofjzdk. fJZe fdB izrb ftu
oDihs f;zx fPeko bJh frnk. ;zxD/ izrb ftu'A P/o dh Gpe ;[DkJh
fdZsh ;h T[Xo B{z nZr/ tXdk frnk. e[ZM MkVhnK gko eoe/ bzfxnK sK
nZr/ pZpo P/o pVeK wko fojk ;h. P/o B/ tzrko gkJh s/ fJXo'A joh f;zx
Gpfenk. d't/A fJZe d{i/ dh skes s/ fJokd/ dk ikfJik b?D bZr/. P/o B/
I'odko djkV wkoh, izrb r{zi T[Zfmnk, gP{^gzSh BZ;/. joh f;zx p/ y"|
nZr tX fojk ;h, P/o nkgD/ dkn dh T[vhe ftu ;h. oDihs f;zx B/
;ko/ ;kEhnK B{z o[eD dk fJPkok ehsk. \[d fJsBk B/V/ nk e/ o[e frnk
fe ;kok fdqP uzrh soQK t/y ;e/. P/o Gpfenk gzi/ Szv/ s/ joh f;zx s/
Xktk p'b fdZsk. fJ; :'X/ B/ nfijk dkn y/fYnK fe P/o d/ MgND s/ T[;
d/ d't/A nrb/ gzi/ nfij/ wip{sh Bb geVe/ wo'Vk fdZsk fe P/o T[bNe/
EZb/ ik fgnk. fJj ;{owk f;ZXk P/o dh fjZe s/ ik p?mk jE"fVnK tor/
x;[zBk d/ tko eofdnK T[;dhnK jZvhnK eVek fdZshnK. P/o B/ ;koh
skes i[Nke/ fGnkBesk Gfonk ipkVk y'fbQnk. joh f;zx dh rodB B{z
geV b?D bZrk ;h fe pjkdo B/ T[go'^j/m'A d't/A jZEK Bkb d't/A ipkV/ ;ezi/
tKr ieV bJ/. fJZe g?o Bkb T[;dh ewo B{z BZfgnk. d't/A v'fbnK dh
jkEh fijh skes Bkb pZpo P/o d/ ipkV/ nfij/ fyZu/ fe gbK ftu jh P/
(52)
o dh fxr p[ZM rJh. joh f;zx B/ nfijk I'odko MNek wkfonk fe P/o
d/ ipkV/ yZdo d/ eZgV/ tKr bho'^bho eo fdZs/. Xosh gZNh rJh r[pko
T[fvnk g;hB/ ns/ \{B Bkb bZE^gZE ;{owk P/o B{z nkyoh ;kj b?Ad/ t/y
fojk ;h. oDihs f;zx nZr/ tfXnk x'V/ s'A T[sfonk, fJ; e"w d/ nBw'b
jho/ B{z Xkn e/ rbtZeVh ftu b? fbnk. fiZs dk nkekP r{zikT{ i?ekok
bkfJnk pj[s ehwsh jko nkgD/ rb ftu T[sko e/ joh f;zx d/ rb ftu
;ik fdZsk. n?bkB ehsk frnk fe nZi s'A joh f;zx f;gkjh BjhA ;odko
(ewKvo) j't/rk. fJ;d/ Bkw Bkb “Bbtk” fbfynk p'fbnk ikt/rk.
g[okDe eEk w[skpe fJZe oki/ B/ P/o wkfonk ;h, T[;B{z BZb fejk frnk.
bkj"o ftu g[ZiD s/ ;odko dk ;BwkB ehsk frnk, Pfjo tk;hnK B{z
pZpo P/o ftykfJnk frnk s/ ;koh j'Jh phsh ;[DkJh rJh. fi; B/
;[fDnk nP^nP eo T[fmnk. xo^xo joh f;zx dhnK rZbK j'D bZrhnK.
fJ; tes joh f;zx e/tb 18 e[ ;kb dk w[ZS^c[ZN rZGo{ ;h.
gkme iB' ` iok fJ; pjkdoh dh PkBdko rkEk B{z w[V s'A ;'u'
ftuko'. jkEh tork skesto, P/o tork c[oshbk, nB/e jfEnkoK B{z
f;yobh jZd sZe tosD dk wkfjo, gzi^gzi GbtkBK B{z gbK ftu fwZNh
xZN/ o'b d/D tkbk, pZpo P/o B{z fpBK jfEnko s'A ipkV/ s'A d'ckV eo d/
D tkbk, fJj wK dk bkvbk fe; fwZNh dk pfDnk j'fJnk ;h< fe; T[wo
s'A fJ;dh f;ybkJh P[o{ ehsh rJh ;h. mhe j? eJh pyfPPK nekb g[oy
tb'A Gh j[zdhnK jB. go T[Zu gkJ/ dh ;w/A f;o fdZsh rJh f;ybkJh dk
nkgDk ftP/aP :'rdkB j'fJnk eodk j?. joh f;zx dh f;Zfynk gzi S/
;kb dh T[wo s'A jh nkozG eotk fdZsh rJh ;h. f;nkD/ wksk^gsk ikDd/
jB fe pZu/ B{z fej' fijh \[oke ns/ tksktoD gqdkB ehsk ikt/. f;nkD/
T[;skd :'r ;w/A s/ f;Zfynk d/D dh fIzw/tkoh fBGkT[Ad/ jB sK jh ;H joh
f;zx tor/ fJfsjk; d/ jho/ g?dk j'fJnk eod/ jB. fijBK dh nZi sZe
gmkDhnK d/ wBK s/ dfjPs j? “u[g Pk johnk oKrb/” pZuk u[Zg eo, joh
f;zx Bbtk nk ikt/rk.
(53)
Gkos d/ dZyDh ;{fpnK ftu Bku ebk B{z pj[s T[uk n;EkB gqkgs
j?. jo wksk^fgsk pkbVh T[wo/ p/NhnK B{z Bku f;ZyD tk;s/ uzr/ ;e{bK
ftu dk\b eokT[Adk j?. i[nkBh ftu g[ZiD s'A gfjbK jh bVehnK nZShnK
\k;hnK BosehnK pD u[ZehnK j[zdhnK jB. bVeh dh wzrDh tes bVe/
tkb/ fJj Io{o g[ZSd/ jB fe bVeh fBos ebk ftu fezBh e[ wkjo j?< i/
rkT[D iK ;ki tikT[D Gh ikDdh j't/ sK ;'B/ s/ ;[jkrk. fJ;/ pugB dh
f;Zfynk ekoB ;koh fcbw fJzv;Nohi ftu dZyDh phphnK w'joh o'b
ndk eo ojhnK jB. pZfunK B{z :'r ;w/A s/ pDd/ o[M/t/A ftu Bk gkfJnk
ikt/ sK i[nkBh ftu ntZP GNe ikt/rk. e[okj/ fgnk i[nkB spek fiE/
y[d popkd j[zdk j? T[E/ ;wki B{z Gh tZvk xkNk j[zdk j?. fit/A jVQ dk gkDh
nEkj spkjh eo fdnk eodk j?. go fJ; p/ekp{ j' e/ tr oj/ gkDh B{z
f;nkDg Bkb pzB wko fbnk ikt/, BfjoK eZYhnK ikD, v?w pDkJ/ ikD,
sK fJjh gkDh s/ fpibh wB[Zysk bJh nDfrDs eki ;ztkodk j?. y/sK
ftu c;bK bfjokT[AdhnK jB. ekoykB/ uZbd/ jB, xo o"PB j[zd/ jB.
popkdh s'A puhdk j? npkdh dk pj[s ckfJdk j[zdk j?. B"itkB f;ZyDk
ukj[zd/ jB, go ;kv/ gqpzXe ns/ w[yh T[BQK tk;s/ e'Jh ;koEe ekoi
nkozG jh BjhA eo ;e/. ;q'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh nzfwqs;o ns/
fdZbh f;Zy r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh nopK o[gJ/ d/ pZiN ftu'A Xow gquko
tk;s/ Gh e'Jh ftP/aP :'rdkB BjhA gk ;ehnK. Xow ekoiK dk g?;k
okiBhsh d/ fuZeV ftu o'fVQnK ik fojk j?. Xow gqukoe fsnko eoB
tk;s/ e'Jh ;e{b ekbi BjhA fiE'A uzrh d[fBnkth ftfdnk ;"fynK jh fwb
;e/. y/vK tZb pZfunK B{z T[sPkjs$Nq/fBzr tk;s/ e'Jh gqpzX BjhA, fJ;/
bJh edh w'joh j[zdk gzikp y/vK ftu g{oh soQK gSV frnk j?. fijV/
f;Zy pZu/ y/vK ftu iKd/ Gh jB, T[j T[fus ;zGkb Bk j'D ekoB gfsZs j'
iKd/ jB. nKXok gqd/P ezfgT{No f;Zfynk ftu d[Bhnk dk okj d;/ok
pfDnk j?. ;kv/ u"XohnK fJXo x/;btZN e/ tes r[Iko fdZsk. gzikp
ftu p/o[Irkoh j?, BP/ jB, Go{D jZfsnk j?. go gzikp d/ wZ[dJh nytkD
tkb/ rcbs dh BhAd ftu ;[Zs/ j'J/ jB.
(54)
j'o e'Jh ukok BjhA fojk, nkyoh sobk j? fe nkgD/ nZyhnK d/
sko/ j'Djko g[ZsoK$XhnK dh y[d ;zGkb f;Zfynk dk gqpzX eo'. fJjd/
tk;s/ wksk^fgsk B{z e[ZM f;nkDg e[ZM fsnkr eoBk gt/rk. nkg y[d
BfPnK s'A gq/jirkoh eoBh j't/rh. ;t/o/ Pkw pZfunK B{z e'b fpmk e/
r[opkDh dk gkm eoBk gt/rk. xZN'^xZN n?stko tkb/ fdB gfotko
;w/s fi; r[o{ xo ftu eEk ehosB j[zdk j't/ T[E/ doPBK B{z ikDk j't/rk.
;kb S/ wjhB/ fgS'A r[od[nkfonK dh gfotko ;w/s :ksok dk e'Jh ;wK
eZYDk gt/rk. xo ftu Xkofwe g[;seK^g'EhnK dh bkfJpq/oh j'Dh nsh
Io{oh j?. fJfsjk; pko/ uzrhnK feskpK pZfunK d/ wkBf;e gZXo dhnK
nkvhU^thvhU e?;NK s/ g[;seK Gh Io{oh j'D. wktK B{z fpT{Nh gkoboK
s/ feZNh gkoNhnK s'A nkgd/ nkg B{z o'e e/ pZfunK Bkb tZX s'A tZX ;wK
fpskT[Dk j't/rk. oks ;w/A ;kok gfotko e'fPP eoe/ ykDk fJeZfmnK ykt/.
e[ZM ;wK ftuko tNKdok Io{o ehsk ikt/. pZfunK d/ ;tkbK d/ itkp fdZs/
ikD. i/ pZu/ d/o Bkb xo nkT[Ad/ jB sK ekoBK dh uzrh soQK gVskb
ehsh ikt/. fBwosk Bkb pZu/ B{z ftPtk; ftu b? e/ sebh| iK xo d/oh
Bkb nkT[D dk ekoB bZfGnk ikt/. ;G s'A uzr/ ofjpo pZu/ bJh wksk^fgsk
j'fJnk eod/ jB. go pV/ d[Zy Bkb fbyDk g? fojk j? fe nkw wksk^fgsk
d/ e?Ag bkJ/ ikD f;Zfynk fdZsh ikt/. uzrk T[;skd sK gP{ gzShnK B[z
f;Zfynk d/ e/ j?okB eo d/D tkb/ ezw eotk b?Adk j?. ;oe; ftu eohp
;G B/ t/fynk j't/rk fe Gkoh Goew skes dk gjkV jkEh f;Zfynk gqkgs
eoe/ fet/A eosZp ftykT[Adk j?. foe;k ubkT[AfdnK Gh t/fynk ik ;edk
j? jkEh B{z. fozr wk;No d/ fJPkfonK s/ BZudk j'fJnk ;/ao fezB/ ;ko/ y/
v ftyk fdzdk j?. e[Zs/ x'V/ foZS s's/ pZeo/ u{j/ fpZbhnK sZe Gh f;ykJ/ s'A
f;Zy iKd/ jB. Go/ fJeZmK ftu nkgDh ebk gqdoPBh eod/ jB. fet/A
Gbk< mhe ;w/A ;[bM/ j'J/ fozr wk;No B/ f;ybkJh fdZsh s/ gP{ gzSh Gh
ebkeko pD rJ/. ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ fJ; ;wki ftu nB/e gqeko
e'fPPK eoe/ ;[Xko fbnKd/, e[okj/ gJ/ b'eK B{z mhe okj/ gkfJnk. ny"sh
i'rhnK, ;kXK^;zfBnk;hnK, gzfvsK, w"bkfDnK, feoshnK, d[ekBdkoK
(55)
ftu'A u[D e/ xV sok;e/, Bt/A ;wki (f;Zy ws) dh f;oiDk ehsh. wkB'
e{V/ d/ Y/o ftu'A YZm/^yzvoK T[go BthA ;'jDh fJwkos pDk e/ ofjD i'rh
pDk fdZsh. fJ; ftrV/ ;wki ftu'A jh goT[geko, tzv SeD, fsnkrh,
jmh, sgh, ;{ow/ s/ Pjhd g?dk ehs/. ftdtkBK d/ ekcb/ g?dk j' rJ/, fJj
fet/A ;zGt j' frnk< ;fsr[o{ ih dh ;{M^p{M tkbh :'r f;Zfynk ekoB.
wK dh wwsk s/ fgsk dh f;nkDg pZfunK dh fIzdrh ftu eokwksh
PeshnK Go ;ed/ jB. fJPe wikih dhnK ejkDhnK ftu fIeo j? fe
oKMk jho B{z gqkgs eoB ykso, T[;d/ fgsk dhnK d; pkoK ;kb wZMK^rktK
;zGkbdk fojk. wiB{z bzw/ ;w/A sZe y{j r/Vdk fojk feT[Afe wkP{ek B/
nkfynk ;h y{j r/V gkDh ghDK j?. T[j gkDh dhnK d' x[ZNK ghe/ ubh rJh
;kbK pZXh tkg; Bk gosh. wiB{z jo o'I ;t/o s'A Pkw sZe y{j r/Vdk
fojk PkfJd edh fco ‘T[j’ nk ikt/. ;Z;h EbK ftu ;V w'Jh. cojkd
;hoh bJh gzdoK ;kb gjkV eZNe/ Bfjo pDkT[Adk fojk, fwoik ;kfjpK
nZXtkN/ okj ftu esb eo fdZs/ rJ/HHH. fJj fJZe iB{B ;h fJjBK
B"itkBK d/ f;o B{z ufVQnk j'fJnk. fJZe fBZih ;kXkoD d[fBnkth fgnko.
fJ; ftu d/P e"w, Xow iK wB[Zysk dk e'Jh fjZs BjhA ;h. nfijk fJPe
dk G{s uko fdBK bJh itkBh s/ jkth j' ikfJnk eodk j? ;w/s G/v d/.
fJ; s'A nrb/ok T[Zuk wjkB Nhuk i/ B"itkBK d/ ;Bw[Zy oZfynk jh Bk ikt/,
fIzdrh dh ehws rZGo{nK^w[fNnkoK B{z ;wMkJh jh Bk ikt/, T[jBK tb'A
ehs/ ikD tkb/ pekfJnk gJ/ ezwK pko/ T[sPkj jh Bk ehsk ikt/, fco
e[okj/ BjhA g?Dr/ sK j'o eh eoBr/< wksk^fgsk dk e/tb pZu/ izwDk jh
ekch BjhA j?. fJj sK gP{^gzSh Gh izwd/ nk oj/ jB. t/yDk fJj j? fe
wksk^fgsk pZfunK B{z fej' fij/ ;zu/ ftu Ykbd/ jB, fe; soQK dh xkVs
xVQe/ fezB/ B/e fJB;kB pDkT[Ad/ jB. f;Zy fJfsjk; dh fJZe pj[s
eo[DkwJh rkEk wjkokDh fizd e"o (;g[sBh wjkokik oDihs f;zx) s/
pkbe wjkokik dbhg f;zx dh o"ArN/ yV/ eo d/D tkbh j?. fet/A fJZe wK
dh X[o nkswK ftu'A fBebh j{e nkgD/ e[okj/ gJ/ j'J/ g[Zso dbhg f;zx B{z
tkg; w'V fbnkT[Adh j?.
(56)
wkou 30^1849 ftu gzikp T[s/ nzro/IK dk epIk j' frnk.
dbhg f;zx i' fJ; tes d; ;kb e[ZM wjhfBnK dk jh ;h. o;wh fijh
okirZdh s'A T[sko fdZsk. wjkokDh fizd e"o B[z nbZr :{HghH ftu u[Bko
dh ;\s e?d ftu pzd eo fdZsk. dbhg f;zx B{z nzro/I n"osK dh
;ogq;sh nXhB fJzrb?Av fbikfJnk frnk. eJh ;kb dh G?Vh f;Zfynk s'A
pknd dbhg f;zx d/ e/; esb eo fdZs/ rJ/, T[;B{z fJ;kJh pDk fbnk.
e[ZM ;w/A pknd r'oh bVeh Bkb jh T[;dk ftnkj eo fdZsk frnk. jo
;kfiP tos e/ T[;B{z gzikp tZb'A p/\po oZfynk frnk, r[owfs s'A s'fVnk
frnk. nkgD/ wkbeK d/ eoV/ j[ewK ekoB dbhg f;zx B{ z
sVgfdnK^ftbgefdnK fdb s/ gZEo oZye/ nkgD/ ;'jD/ ri ri bzw/ e/;
wjkokDh fteN'ohnk B{z G/N eoB/ gJ/. T[j nzdo'A N[ZN frnk$fjZb frnk,
fIzadrh B{z XZek fdzdk fojk. nzro/IK d/ ofjw ns/ g?BPB s/ fiT[Adk
fojk. fJXo wjkokDh fIzd e"o G/; tNk e/ u[Bko d/ feb/Q ftu'A BZ; rJh.
eJh fdBK d/ izrbh okjK B{z uhodh, G[ZyD GkDh, jkb'A p/jkb cN/ eZgV/,
g?o s/ ;oho ezfvnK MkVhnK Bkb bj{ b[jkB j' u[Ze/ ;B. o'Adh B{z e'Jh
Xotk; d/D tkbk Gh BjhA ;h. eJh fdBK d/ d[ydkJh ;|o s'A pknd B/
gkb d/ oki/ B{z ik p/Bsh ehsh. nkgDh s/ f;Zy oki dh j'Jh pshsh dZ;h,
g[Zso B{z fwbD dh bkb;k iskJh s/ wZdd eoB bJh nkfynk. fBgkb d/
oki/ B/ r[Iko/ bkfJe oew gotkB eo fdZsh, fJZe uzrk wekB d/ fdZsk
gzi uko B"eo^B"eokDhnK dk gqpzX eo fdZsk. fJ; tes fizdK dh
fIzdrh dk fJe' wZe;d pkeh ofj frnk ;h g[Zso dbhg B{z fwbDk. T[j
feBQK^feBQK d[ZyK d/ dfonk gko eodh ojh iK jzM{nK d/ dfonk tjkT[Adh
ojh. ;[Ze e/ fgzIo pD rJh, fdB^oks o'Adh dhnK nZyK iKdhnK ojhnK,
go ni/ Gh dbhg B{z fwbD dh nk; pkeh ;h. eohp d; ;kb phs rJ/,
nzrkoK s/ N[ofdnK, \{B d/ nZEo{ tjkT[AfdnK, fco fes/ dbhg f;zx B{z
\po fwbh fe wK ni/ ihts j?. T[;B/ Gkos nkT[D dh nkfrnk wzrh.
;\s gfjo/ j/m ;w[zdoh ijki ftu ;tko j', eJh fdBK d/ ;|o wro'A
ebeZs/ nkfJnk. fJE/ g[Zie/ wK tZb fuZmh fbyh, ;/tkdko G/i/, fe wK B{z
(57)
eZbes/ b? nkT[. ;/te B/gkb ik g[fink, wjkokDh fizd e"o B{z d; ;kb
s'A tZX ;w/A d/ pknd fJZe mzvh gkT[D dk p[Zbk nkfJnk gqshs j'fJnk. B/
gkb d/ oki/ dh nkfrnk s'A fpBK pkjo ikD s/ gkpzdh ;h.nkfrnk bJh
gZso fbfynk, y[d ik jkIo j'Jh. B/gkbh oki/ B{z youk fdzfdnK pVh
n"y wfj;{; j' ojh ;h, T[; B/ s[ozs ikD dh wBI{oh sK d/ fdZsh go Bkb
jh fJj Gh nky fdZsk fe tkg; B/gkb dk\b j'D dh nkfrnk BjhA j't/rh.
d[pkok e'Jh you/ BjhA fdZs/ ikDr/. ;kohnK PosK dk e"VK x[ZN Goe/,
vzr'oh jZE ftu b? e/, nkJ/ ;/te d/ Bkb B/gkb B{z nkyoh nbftdk nky
e/ N[o gJh. wzibK s?j eodh ebeZs/ T[; j'Nb ftu fvrdh^Yfjzdh g[Zi
rJh fiE/ dbhg f;zx mfjfonk j'fJnk ;h. ;'uK^;'u ojh j? fe w/ok
bkvbk dbhg gsk BjhA fezBk e[ T[uk bzwk itkB j' frnk j't/rk. fej'
fijh Peb^;{os, vhb^v"b j't/rh. w?A sK fBwkDh nZyK Bkb t/y Gh BjhA
;eKrh, fet/A gsk bZr/rk fej' fijk j?< ;'uK ;'udh dbhg f;zx d/ ewo/
ftu g[uk fdZsh rJh. nZr'A dbhg f;zx Xkn e/ rb B{z fuzpV frnk.
wK^wK w/oh fgnkoh wKHHH. nZr'A IpkB B/ ;kE Bk fdZsk, d't/A wK^g[Zs fezBh
d/o sZe iko' iko o'Ad/ oj/. e'Jh u[Zg eokT[D tkbk Gh BjhA ;h. nZyK
ftu'A jzM{nK dh MVh w[eD dk BK BjhA b? ojh ;h. ekch d/o phsD s'A
pknd wK fizd e"o B/ j"bh^j"bh dbhg dh fgZm s/ jZE c/fonk. T[jdk
GotK i[Z;k N'jD dh e'fPP ehsh. fco ezpd/ jZEK B{z T[FZgo T[mkT[Dk
ukfjnk sK fe t/y ;e/ dkjVh^e/; j?r/ e/ BjhA, xpok e/ fco jZE j/mK
eo b?Adh, wBk ` i/ e/; Bk j'J/ fco fet/A puKrh. t/y sK ;edh BjhA
N'jDk jh gt/rk. fdb seVk eoe/ w{zj sZe jZE b? rJh fujo/ s/ dkjVh
BjhA ;h. wB v'fbnk f;o sZe jZE g[Zfink, ezpdhnK T[rbK w;hA T[go
rJhnK. bzw/ e/; i{Vk d;sko e[M Gh Bk jZE bZfrnk. xpokJh fdb
v'fbnk. Xkn wkoe/ IwhB s/ p?m rJh. ftbedh j'Jh ;koh skes
fJeZmh eoe/ p'bh “t/ b'e'` w?A nzBQh shthA Bkb feT[A mZmk eoB bZr/ j',
s[jkB{z oZp dh wko gt/, fJj w/ok g[Zso dbhg BjhA j?. feT[A X'yk eo oj/
j', w/o/ e'b e'Jh XzB gdkoE BjhA j? eh b[ZN'r/ w?E'A.”
(58)
dbhg f;zx vfvnk fgnk, p[ZehA o'Adk wK d/ rb B{z fuzpV frnk s/
p'fbnk, “w?A s/ok dbhg jK w/oh wK w?A s/ok g[Zso dbhg, :ehB eo w/o/
s/. w?B{z r[o{ dh e;w, w?A M{m BjhA p'bdk w?A jh s/ok p/Nk jK”.
wjkokDh fizdk p'bh, oki Gkr y[Z;k, s\s ski y[Z;k, s/ ;[jkr y[Z;k,
fizd ikB y[Z;h.
P/o, yVe y[Z;k, B"Bfjb y[Z;k, s/ gqskg y[Z;k, nDy nkB y[Z;h.
Pkjh s/i y[Z;k, o'jp dknp y[Z;k, p/PZe fJZIs th w/oh BkdkB y[Z;h.
i/eo frbk nkfJnk sK w?B{z nZi nkfJnk, id'A t/yh dPw/P dh PkB y[Z;h.
fco eh Peb pDk bJh j? s{z< feZE/ B/ s/o/ ;'jD/ bzw/ o/Pwh e/;,
feE/ j? s/oh Pkjh d;sko< feE/ rtk fbnk ;kok ;o{g<
fit/A s{z nDfrDs d[ZyK d/ ;w[zdoK ftu r's/ yKdh ojh w?B{z Gh ;[Zy dk
;kj BjhA nkfJnk. w/o/ s/ p/nzs dpkT[ gkJ/ rJ/. bkbu fdZs/ rJ/, vokt/
fdZs/ rJ/. w?A feZvk e[ ;K id'A s?E'A ftS'V fdZsk frnk ;h. :kd eo wK
f;oc ;kY/ d; ;kb dk nzRkDk pkb ;K. w?A fJBQK r'o/ b'eK d/ ofjw' eow
s/ jh fdB fpskJ/ B/. fJBQK w/o/ e/; eNtkJ/ jh BjhA ;r'A eZN/ j'J/ e/;
okDh fteN'ohnK B{z s'jc/ d/ s"o s/ G/N eotkJ/ rJ/. wK w?B{z pkbgD ftu
jh fJ;kJh pDk fbnk frnk. w?A p/pZ; ;K.
g[Zs dbhg w/ok ;kok e[ZM o[V frnk, oki frnk s\s ski frnk,
Pkjh mkm frnk, febQ/, c"iK rJhnK. w/ok gzikp frnk, e'j/B{o frnk.
t/ g[Zso w/oh fJZIs nkpo{ rJh, nZyK dh i's Gh ubh rJh. eh fJ;/
gjkV tor/ d[Zy B{z d/yD tk;s/ jh ni/ sZe ihts ;K fe nkgD/ dbhg B{z
fJ; soQK t/yKrh. jkJ/ ;fsr[o{ ihU` j[D w?A jko rJh, w?B{z nkgD/ uoBK
ftu ;wK b?.
wksk dh i[pkB o[e rJh, dbhg f;zx B/ fjbkJh gkDh w{zj B{z
bkfJnk, id'A iok tZb f;o j'Jh sK p'fbnk “w/oh fgnkoh wK w?B{z p\;
d/` w?A ;fsr[o{ B{z jkIo^BkIo ikD s/o/ uoBK ftu jkIo j' e/ gqD eodk
jK fe w?A s/ok r[nkuk s\s ski, ;'jDk oki s/ e'fjB{o sK tkg; BjhA
fbnk ;edk, go ;fsr[o{ ih dh pyfPP “f;Zyh” Io{o XkoB eo btKrk.
(59)
fizBh S/sh j' ;fenk “yzv/ eh gkj[b” gqkgs eo btKrk. “wK B{z e[ZM
Xotk; fwfbnk, fgnko Bkb wZEk u[zfwnk, w[ZV Sksh Bkb bkfJnk.
“i[r^i[r iht/A g[Zso wK dh nkyoh ;ZXo S/sh g{oh eohA, w?A woB s'A
gfjbK fJZe tkoh s?B{z Io{o f;zx o{g ftu t/yDk ukj[zdh jK. fe fit/A
w/o/ xo f;Zyh nk ojh j? w/oh nZyK dh i's Gh gos nkt/rh.<”
wjkokDh fizd e"o dbhg f;zx d/ Bkb jh fJzrb?Av g[Zi rJh. go
ikbw r'oh ;oeko B/ d'tK B{z fJeZm/ Bk ofjD fdZsk. gzdoK fdBK wro'A
fJZe fdB fwbD dh nkfrnk fdZsh rJh. e[ZM jh ;w/A pknd fizd e"o B{z
nkyoh ;Zdk nk frnk. fJj nkye/ ;z;ko s'A ftdk j' rJh fe g[Zso w/o/
;oho B{z fJ; ikbw d/P ftu b/y/ Bk bkthA. i/ j' ;e/ sK w/o/ f;o d/
;kJhA, s/o/ fgsk “P/o^J/^gzikp” dh wVQh e'b w/ok ;;eko eohA. r'fonK
dbhg f;zx B{z gzikp ikD dh fJIkIs Bk fdZsh. T[j wK dh bkP b? e/
pzpJh nkfJnk, fJE'A Bkf;e g[Zfink. fJE/ Bkf;e fty/ jh r'dktoh d/
ezY/ wK dk ;;eko eoe/ tkg; fJzrb?Av gos frnk. wK B{z fdZs/ puB
w[skpe ;wK nkT[D s/ yzv/ eh gkj[b b? Peb'^;{os gZy'A f;Zyh pkD/ ftu
gqt/P eo frnk Bkb jh r[opkDh dk nfXn?B gkm P[o{ eo fdZsk.
T[gobh ;koh tkosk fbyD dk wd;d fJjh j? fe wK dk fgnko
nkswk ftu'A fBebh gq/w ftXh j{e, gZEo fdbK B{z fgxbk fdnk eodh j?
e/; eNtk u[Ze/ f;Zyh B{z ft;ko u[Ze/, fJ;kJh ws XkoB eo u[Ze/, gzikp'A
d{o f;Zy GoktK s'A d{o ik u[Ze/ dbhg f;zx B{z wK d/ nzdo'A fBeb/ ;Zu/
fgnko B/ w[V f;zx ;ik fdZsk. eh nZi dhnK wktK nkgD/ pZfunK bJh
e'Jh ni/jh gq/oBk ;o's wK s'A f;Zfynk b? ;eDrhnK< i/ ;Zuw[Zu jh f;Zyh
Bkb fgnko j?, i/ nkgD/ pZfunK dk GftZy o"PB ukj[zd/ j' sK wksktK B{z
yk; fXnkB d/Dk gt/rk, sK jh pZu/ r[o{ xo tZb, f;Zyh tZb tkg; gos
;eDr/.
(60)
;fsr[o{ ih dh gftZso pkDh ftu'A wksk fgsk d/ coiK pko/ e[ZM
gowkDL^
g{sk wksk eh nk;h;..
fBwy Bk fp;oT[ s[w eT[ jfo jfo ;dk Gij[ irdh;.. (gzBk^496)
ihts ihts ihts ojj[.. okw o;kfJD[ fBs T[fm ghtj[.. (gzBk^1133)
Gij[ r'fpzd G{fb ws ikj[.. wkB; ek J/jh bkj[.. (gzBk^1159)
ekj/ g{s Mros jT[ ;zfr pkg..
fiB e/ iD/ pvho/ s[w jT[ fsB f;T[ Mros gkg.. (gzBk ^ 1200)
;s;zrfs ;fsr[o uN;kb j? fis[ jfo r[D f;yk..
XzB[ XzB[ ;[ o;Bk XzB[ eo XzB[ ;[ gkXk ;fsr[o{ fis[ fwfb jfo b/yk fbyk.. (gzBk^1316)
w/o/ okw jw pkfoe jfo gqG[ e/ j? fJnkD/..
XzB[ XzB[ r[o{ r[o{ ;fsr[o[ gkXk fifB jfo T[gd/;[ d/ ehJ/ f;nkD/.. (gzBk^168)
XzB[ iBBh fifB ikfJnk XzB[ fgsk goXkB[..
;fsr[o[ ;/ft ;[y[ gkfJnk ftuj[ rfJnk r[wkB[.. (gzBk 32)
pkb fpt;Ek pkfoe[ nzX.. Gfo i'pfB bkrk d[orzX..
fsqshn fpt;Ek f;zu/ wkfJ.. fpofX GfJnk S'fv ufbU gS[skfJ..
fuozekb gkJh d[bG d/j.. Bkw fpj{Dh j'Jh y/j..
g;{ go/s w[rX s/ p[oh.. fs;fj Bk p[M? fifB J/j f;oh.. (gzBk 890)
pkto/ s/ frnkB phuko[ B gkfJnk.. fpoEk iBw[ rtkfJnk.. (gzBk 793)
;k p[fX dhi? fis[ ft;ofj Bkjh.. ;k wfs dhi? fis[ s[X[ fXnkJh.. (gzBk 100)
r[o ;kyh nzsfo ikrh.. sk uzub wfs fsnkrh..
r[o ;kyh ek T[ihnkok.. sk fwfNnk ;rb nzXkok.. (gzBk 599)
nzX/ nebh pkjo/ w{oy nzX frnkB[..
BkBe Bdoh pkjo/ epfj Bk gktfj wkB[.. (gzBk 789)
nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[..
nebh gfVQ e? p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[..
BkBe[ nky? okj[ J/j[ j'fo rbK ;?skB[.. (gzBk^1245)
[[[[
(61)
pkpk fcfo we/ rfJnkpkpk fcfo we/ rfJnkpkpk fcfo we/ rfJnkpkpk fcfo we/ rfJnkpkpk fcfo we/ rfJnkHHHH
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih J/Phnk d/ ftu nB/e EktK s/ rJ/, nkgD/
T[FZu/^;[Zu/ thukoK dh rfjoh Skg b'e wBK s/ nzfes eod/ rJ/. ;z;ko s/
nkT[Dk jh T[BQK dh fJZe tZvh eokwks ;h. i' T[gd/P T[BQK B/ ehs/ T[j r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp ftu ;[GkfJwkB jB. fJBQK s'A fJbktk i' thuko tNKdo/,
;fsr[o{ ih B/ ehs/, ;[nkbK d/ i[nkp fdZs/, T[j ;kv/ sZe BjhA g[Zi/.
;fsr[o{ ih dh pkDh s/ nXkos, iK GkJh r[odk; ih dhnK tkoK d/ ukBD
ftu, pj[s ;kohnK ;kyhnK Gh fwbdhnK jB, i' ehwsh \IkBk jB.
fJBQK T[FZsw feosK s'A fJbktk pj[s g"okDe nzP, i' fjzd{ ;kfjs ftu,
nkw iB ;w{j dh i[pkB s/ ufVQnk j'fJn j?, T[j Gh f;Zy ;kfjs ftu
eJh o{gK ftu gquZbs j' frnk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih B{z pj[s T[Zuk, pj[s
Pesh;kbh ns/ eokwksh wjKg[oy f;ZX eoB tk;s/ gokG"se ejkDhnK
Gh ;pzXs eo fdZshnK rJhnK jB. nZi d/ ;w/A fJj eEk ejkDhnK nkw
fJB;kB B{z eh f;Zfynk fdzdhnK jB, fJj ftuko eoB dh Io{os j?.
nDfrDs eokwksh ejkDhnK ftu'A fJZe j? “wZek x[wkT[D dh
;kyh”. fit/A ;fsr[o{ ih fjzd{ shoEK s/ rJ/, i'rhnK ;fBnk;hnK e'b
rJ/, bzek, fBgkb, fsZps, uhB, o{; sZe rJ/, fe; tk;s/< jZe^;Zu dk
;[B/jk, Goksoh Gkt, tzv SeDk s/ fJZe' y[dk B{z wzBDk. fit/A fe ne;o
j'fJnk eodk j?, wjKg[oyK tZb'A fdZs/ T[gd/P ;wK gk e/ fgSKj ofj iKd/
jB, nkgD/ tZb'A (nkw ;/teK tZb'A) xVhnK ejkDhnK nZr/ fBeb iKdhnK
jB. PoXkb{ ;/teK B/ J/E/ th “fcfonk wZek ebk fdykoh”, gzesh dk
;jkok b? e/ wZek Pfjo x[zwdk fpnkB eo fdZsk. id'A fe fe;/ ;EkB dk
x[zwDk ;zGt BjhA j?. i/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ eokwksh Pesh Bkb Pfjo
(62)
x[zwkT[Dk ;h, sK jIkoK whbK dk ;|o, d' YkJh ;kb dk n"yk ;wK, nB/e
okjK dhnK n"eVK ftjkMD dh eh b'V ;h< feT[Afe eokwksh Pesh
tose/ sK eoskog[o'A jh wZek x[wk fdzd/ sK fInkdk p/jso ;h. pkpk ih
B/ sK w"bkfDnK s'A u'NK^;ZNK Gh podkPs ehshnK, “ihtfD wkoh bZs d/,
fejVk ;[sk e[co e[ckoh<” bZs s'A geV e/ ;fsr[o{ ih B{z x;hfNnk
frnk, ekco nkfd Gh nytkfJnk. i/ fe;/ nb"fee Pesh okjhA wZek
x[zw ;edk ;h sK u'NK fe; ekoB ykDhnK gJhnK< x;hfNnk ikDk fe;
ekoB gqtkB ehsk< ekco nkfd Gh feT[A nytkfJnk, e'Jh P"Ae ;h fJ;
soQK ngwkB eokT[D dk<
gfjbK fJj ftuko eoBh pj[s Io{oh j? fe nop^nwhoks d/P
ftu, fJZe pj[s wjZstg{oB Pfjo, fi;dk Bkw wZek j?. fJ; wZe/ Pfjo
ftu fJZe w[;bwkBK dk ;G s'A gftZso Xow n;EkB j?, fi;dk Bkw j?
“eknpk”. fJ; eknp/ d/ nzdo fJZe r'bkJh ftu fsnko ehsh “vkN”
j? T[;B{z wfjokp nkyd/ jB. ;fsr[o{ ih wZe/ Pfjo rJ/, eknpk Xow;EkB
ftu g[Zi/, oks ;w/A wfjokp tZb (vkN) g?o eoe/ b/N rJ/. fJZe w[;bwkB
;/te B/ fJ; Xkofwe ntZfrnk ekoB ;fsr[o{ ih B{z Gkoh u'N wkoh
(ihtfD dk noE u'N j?, wjkB e'P GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk, gzBk^527) fco
“Nzr'A gefV x;hfNnk, fcfonk wZek ebk fdykoh..” (32$1) j[D d[pkok
ftuko eohJ/l ;fsr[o{ ih Xow n;EkB eknp/ ftu b/N rJ/, wfjokp
(gftZso vkN) tZb g?o eo bJ/. id' u'N wkoh rJh s/ NzrK s'A cV e/
pkpk ih B{z x;hfNnk frnk sK ;kok wZek (Pfjo) x[zwD bZr fgnk s/ ;ko/
w[;bwkBK B/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ uoBK s/ Bw;eko ehsh, feT[A< fJj e"se
t/ye/. nZr/ GkJh r[odk; ih gfjbh tko dh u"Ash BzH gT[Vh ftu fbyd/
jB, fe ;fsr[o{ ih B/ wZe/ ftu nkgD/ uoBK dh i[Zsh (yVKt) fBPkBh
tk;s/ fNek fdZsh. go eh w[;bwkB b'e nkgD/ ;G s'A gftZso ;EkB
ftu i[Zsh oZyD dh fJIkis d/Dr/< Gkt/A T[j fe;/ Gh wjKg[oy dh feT[A Bk
j't/< n;b ftu eT[A; dk noE i[Zsh BjhA j?, fJ;d/ noE g?oOuoB Gh
ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ wZe/ fty/ uoB gkJ/. wfjokp (vkN)
(63)
tZb. GkJh r[odk; ih fJ;/ tko dh 37thA gT[Vh ftu fJj Gh c[owkB
eod/ jB “rV prdkd[ fBtkfJ e? wek wdhBk ;G/ fBtkfJnkHHH” d/t dkB'
okef; d?s ;G, fufs r[gfs ;fG uoBh bkfJnk..
fJzdqk;fD ngSok, okr okrBh wzrb rkfJnk..
GfJnk nBzd irs[ ftfu, efb skoB r[o{ BkBe nkfJnk..
fjzd{ w[;bwkD fBtkfJnk.. 37$1
wZek, wdhBk s/ prdkd (fJoke dh okiXkBh) B{z fBtk fdZsk< eh
fJj Pfjo Bht/A j' rJ/ iK ;fsr[o{ ih dh ftuko^uouk ;dek fJZE'A d/ b'e
M[Ze e/ ;fsr[o{ ih B{z BwPekoK eoB bZr gJ/< d/ts/, dkB', okeP,
fuso^r[gs ;ko/ uoBhA gJ/, go fet/A fJj sK ;ko/ ekbgfBe jB<
fJzdo, gohnK, okr s/ okrDhnK B/ Gh ;fsr[o{ ih dh tfvnkJh d/ rhs
rkJ/. go fet/A< fJj Gh ekbgfBe jB< ;kok ;z;ko nBzd Bkb Go
frnk, go eh T[; s'A pknd r[o{ ;kfjpkB B{z w[;hpsK BjhA MZbDhnK
gJhnK< i/ nBzd jh g;o frnk j? fco f;ZyK B{z izr feT[A bVB/ gJ/<
fJj fbysK Gkt noEK ftu b?DhnK g?DrhnK, f;ZX/ Ppd noE BjhA ehs/
ik ;eDr/. nB/e EkJhA j'o Gh Gkt noE jh eoB/ g?Ad/ jB. fJ;/ soQK
r[opkDh ftu Gh pj[s EkJhA Gkt noE eoB/ g?Ad/ jB.
nkT[ j[D n;b w[Zd/ tZb goshJ/, ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih p/nzs
n"eVK MZb e/ wZe/ rJ/, eh wZek x[wkT[D bJh, iK T[;s'A tv/o/ j'o e'Jh
we;d ;h< Gkos s/ bzw/ ;w/A s'A nop tZb'A jwb/ j' oj/ ;B. fit/A f;Zy
PoXkb{, e'Jh ekoi nkozG eoB s'A gfjbK, r[od[nko/ nodk; eod/
jB. e[ZM fJZe gj[zu tkb/ f;Zy tZv/ fJfsjk;e n;EkBK (nzfwqs;o nkfd)
s/ ik jkIo j[zd/ jB s/ i'dVh eokT[Ad/ jB. ekoi dh g{oDsk iK ;|bsk
s'A pknd fco XzBtkd fjZs r[od[nko/ Bw;eko eod/ jB. p; J/;/ soQK
w[;bwkB b'e Gh e'Jh ezw P[o{ eoB s'A gfjbK, y[dk nZr/ d[nk (nodk;)
eod/ jB. gj[zu tkb/ tZv/ w[;bwkB wZe/ eknp/ ftu w[yh w"bthA s'A
nodk; eokT[Ad/ ;B. Gkos ftu nk e/ nEkj I[bw eod/ ;B. fJE'A
wDKw{zjh ;'Bk uKdh b[ZNd/ ;B, esb' rkos eod/ ;B, n"osK dhnK fJZIsK
(64)
o'bd/ ;B. p/nzs ;[zdo bVehnK B{z pzBQ e/ nkgD/ Bkb b? iKd/ ;B. T[;
b[ZN d/ wkb ftua pj[s ;kok XB ns/ itkB bVehnK w"bthnK B{z nogD
eod/ ;B ns/ w"bth ih \[dktzd nZr/ j'o uVQdh ebk dh d[nk eod/ ;B.
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ Gkos d/P dh d[ors j'Jh \[d t/yh. ;ko/ d/P
ftu uZeo bkfJnk, b'eK dh e[obkjN ;[Dh$t/yh. fJBQK Ikbw b[N/fonK B{z
wZe/$eknp/ tzb'A Xowh j'D dk M{mk f\skp Gh gqkgs ;h. ;fsr[o{ ih B/
eknp/ ftu wfjokp tZb g?o g;ko e/ i' e"se toskfJnk, T[; Bkb ;ko/
b'eK dk fXnkB nkgD/ tZb fyZu fbnk. w"bth b'e ftuko eoBh wzB rJ/.
fBPfus ehs/ fdB T[E'A d/ w[yh ;/tkdko fJeZm/ j' rJ/, s/ ;fsr[o{ ih B{z
nkdo Bkb p[bk e/ nkgD/ ftuko gqrN eoB bJh fejk. ;fsr[o{ ih B/
g{oh p/pkeh Bkb, fjzd';skB ftu w[;bwkB XkVthnK tZb'Al ehs/ nEkj
i[bwK dh dk;skB fJBQK d/ ;Bw[Zy oZyh. ftbed/ pZu/, ftobkg eodhnK
phphnK, sVgd/ wksk fgsk, T[ZiV u[Ze/ gfotko, fwZNh ftu fwbkJ/ Xow
n;EkB, fJB;kBK Bkb gP{nK Bkb'A G?Vk ftjko, i' XkVthnK tZb'A ehsk
iKdk ;h, T[j ;kfonK ;kjwD/ fpnkB ehsk. w"bth BhthnK gkJh fJekro
fuZs ;[Dd/ oj/. nZr'A ;fsr[o{ ih nkyD bZr/ “w"bth ih` T[BQK b[N/fonK i'
ehsk T[j sK d[ydkJh j?? jh, go i' I[bw s[;hA ewk oj/ j', T[j fJBQK s'A
fes/ tZvk j?. fco w[;bwkBK d/ gftZso n;EkB eknp/ ftu p?m e/ I[bw<
\[dk B{z eh itkp fdUr/< w[jzwd ;kfjp s[jkvh fet/A rtkjh d/Dr/, eh
d'i\ dh nZr ftu BjhA ;kV/ ikT[r/<” w"bth u"Ae rJ/, r[Z;/ ftu w[Zyh B/
nkfynk “go BkBe ih n;hA d'iy dh nZr ftu fBogokX feT[A ;VKr/<”
;fsr[o{ ih U;/ soQK PKs fuZs p'b/l “id'A XkVthnK dhnK c"iK fjzd tZb
e{u eodhnK jB, sK eh gfjbK s[jkv/ e'b'A ;cbsk tk;s/ s[;hA e[ZM G/Nk
b? e/ T[BQK dh ;|bsk bJh y[adk nZr/ d[nk BjhA eod/< eod/ j' Bk< i/
eksbK B{z esb s/ b[ZN wko eoB s'A gfjbK s[;hA ;|bsk bJh eknp/ ftu
fBtkid/ j', nfsnzs xBkT[D/ I[bw eoe/ id'A tkg; nkT[Ad/ jB s/ fco
e[ZM fSbVK tZN/ T[BQK bJh \[dk nZr/ d[nk eod/ j', w[;bwkBK d/ ;G s'A
gftZso n;EkB eknp/ ftu. eh fJ; soQK d[nk eoB Bkb T[j ;ko/ gkg
(65)
eow jZe (g[zB^ikfJi) pD rJ/< s[jkv/ n;hotkd ekoB T[BQK d/ j"A;b/
tZX iKd/ jB. T[j XkVth nZr'A j'o I[bw eod/ jB. gkg dh yZNh ftu'A
e[ZM fjZ;k s[jkB{z d/ fdzd/ jB, s[;hA y[P j' e/ fco rbs d[nktK d/Jh ik oj/
j'. eh \[dk d/ do s/ fJj nodk;K ep{b g?DrhnK< fJ; gftZso n;EkB
B{z s[;hA ebzes sK BjhA eo oj/< eh s[;hA ;ZuhA Xowh g[oy j'< eknp/ d/
tZv/ g[ikoh tZv/ Xowh b'eHHH<
p; eo' BkBe ih, p; eo'. ;kE'A j'o BjhA ;[fDnk iKdk, pj[s j'
frnk, s[;hA ;kvh ;[Zsh nkswk B{z Mzi'Ve/ irk fdZsk j?. XzB j' s[;hA, XzB
s[jkv/ ftuko. n;hA \[dk B{z jkIo BkIo ikD e/ gqD eod/ jK edh Gh
nfij/ ezwK tkfbnK dh, vke{nK b[N/fonK dh, eksbK XkVthnK dh,
nodk; BjhA eoKr/. T[BQK dk fdZsk j'fJnk XB gdkoE gqtkB BjhA eoKr/.
fJ; wjZstg{oB bzwh ftuko s'A pknd ;fsr[o{ ih wdhB/ rJ/,
T[E/ Gh jZe ;Zu dk T[gd/P fdZsk. tkg;h s/ nB/e EktK s'A j[zfdnK
j'fJnk, prdkd nk gXko/. fJE/ Gh T[Zsw T[gd/P d/ e/ ;jh ihtB ;/X
pyPh. fJ; s'A pknd ;ko/ ;p{s sK Gkt/A gqkgs BjhA jB, go fJZe rZb
ftPtk; Bkb nkyh ik ;edh j? fe w[;bwkB XkVthnK B{z eknp/ dh
;ogq;sh, Gkt Xkowe Ssoh fwbDh pzd j' rJh. XkVth b'e i' woih
eod/, go T[BQK B{z eknp/ tZb'A nPhotkd gqkgs j'D/ pzd j' rJh. Gkt/A T[;
s'A pknd fjzd ftu b[ZNK^y'jK, esb'^rkos j'Jh, go eknp/ dk d\b pzd
j' frnk. fJ; dk gZek ;p{s j? fJzd{ G{PB p?Boih, pzrkbh fJfsjk;eko
tZb'A fbyh fJj fbys “id'A n"ozrI/p fjzd ftu ehs/ I[bwK ekoB
pj[s pdBkw j' frnk s/ gq/PkB ofjD bZrk sK T[;B/ g"D/ ;Zs bZy
o[gfJnk, ehwsh p;so, jho/ itkjoks nkfd wZe/$eknp/ d/ tZv/
w"bthnK bJh, ns/ Xow ekoiK bJh G/i/. \[dktzs nZr/ d[nk eoB
dh p/Bsh ehsh. ;/teK B/ ;kok ;kwkB eknp/ ik nogD ehsk. gsk
bZrD s/ fe fJj ;G' s'jc/ n"ozrI/p tZb'A nkJ/ jB, T[; ;ko/
nfsnzs ehwsh ;wkB ns/ tZvh oew B{z eknp/ d/ w"bthnK fJj
nkye/ fcNeko fdZsk L fJ; nogD ehs/ ;wkB ftu p/d'P/ b'eK d/
(66)
j"e/ s/ pd^d[nktK jB, fJ; I'o Ipo Bkb fJeZm/ ehs/ XB ftu'A
e[ZM G/NK eknp/ ftu nogD eoB Bkb jZe jbkb BjhA pD ikDh.fJ;
bJh fJ; B{z tkg; b? ikT[. n"orI/p B{z ej' fe T[j }ohpK^fBskfDnK
s/ I[bw eoB/ pzd eo d/t/, \[dk d/ do s/ T[; B{z sK jh wkD
fwb/rk.” T[; fdB s'A pknd n"ozrI/p wkBf;e s"o s/ fvZr fgnk,
nsh gq/PkB ofjD bZrk.
Gkt/A pj[s d/o pknd jh ;jhA go r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih tZb'A eknp/
d/ w"bthnK B{z yohnK^yohnK i' ;[DkJhnK ;B T[j ozr fbnkJhnK.
;fsr[o{ ih e/tb wZek x[wkT[D BjhA ;h rJ/ ;r'A T[j fiE/ Gh rJ/ G[Zb/ b'eK
d/ fdb' fdwk} x[wk fdnk eod/ ;B. GNe/ j'J/ ji{wK B{z e[okj/ gJ/
XowhnK B{z f;ZX/ okj gk fdnk eod/ ;B. wZek x[wkT[Dk r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp
ih bJh Io{oh BjhA ;h, ;r'A fiZE'A gkg dh izM fBZs uVQe/ nkT[Adh ;h, T[;
I[bwh okj B{z ;dk bJh pzd eoBk Io{oh ;h. nkgD/ gftZso T[gd/P okjhA
Gh s/ jfEnkoK dh Pesh tos e/ Gh. pknd ftu ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB s/
f;ZyK B/ Pesh tose/ I'o^I[bw B{z mZfbnk. ekP ` fe n;hA wZe/$eknp/
d/ x[wkD d/ ;jh noE ;wM ;ehJ/.
[[[[
(67)
fJFe jeheh tkbk gzikp fe; okj<fJFe jeheh tkbk gzikp fe; okj<fJFe jeheh tkbk gzikp fe; okj<fJFe jeheh tkbk gzikp fe; okj<fJFe jeheh tkbk gzikp fe; okj<
g[oksB ;fwnK ftu ftZfdnk gqkgsh tk;s/ ;e{b ekbiK dh nDj'Ad
ekoB tX/o/ fJB;kB nZyo frnkB s'A ;ZyD/ jh ;B. nkw s"o s/ w;idK
Bkb wdoZ;/, wzdoK Bkb gkmPkbk s/ r[odtkfonK Bkb GkJh ;kfjp
r[ow[yh nZyo frnkB s/ r[opkDh ;zEk fdnk eod/ ;B. gquZbs otkfJsK
w[skpe eEk eoBh s/ ehosB dh f;Zfynk Gh fdZsh iKdh ;h. npkdh d/
tkX/ Bkb, ns/ wB[Zyh u/sBk d/ ftek; Bkb, fiE/ j'o nB/e spdhbhnK
nkJhnK T[E/ ftZfdnk gVQB gVQkT[D d/ YzrK ftu Gh tZvk gqhtosB nkfJnk.
fJ; ftek; eow B{z nzrq/ih oki ;w/A tZvk j[zrkok fwfbnk. fjzd{nK
w[;bwkBK B/ eJh EkJhA BthB YzrK d/ ;e{b ekbi ukb{ ehs/, fiE/ T[jBK
d/ pZu/ ftZfdnk gqkgs eoe/ ;w/A d/ jkDh pD ;eD. Skg/ykB/ dh nkwd B/
g[;seK SgD ftu s/ih fbnKdh. nypko ukb{ j'D bZr/. f;ZyK ftub/
u/szB tor B/ nkgD/ pZfunK B{z ;opgZyh ftZfdnk d/D tk;s/ ;'uDk nkozG
ehsk. go f;ZyK dh e'Jh e/Adoh iE/pzdh Bk j'D eoe/ fJj ekoi e[M
f;obZE :'fXnK B{z r[o{ dk UN nk;ok b? e/ fJeZfbnK jh P[o{ eoBk
fgnk. fJ; okj d/ gKXhnK B{z wzfib/A we;{d s/ g[ZiD s'A o'eD bJh pj[s/
“nkgfDnK” B/ jh okjK ftu ezv/ fybko/. Gkt/A g?o bj{ b[jkD j'J/,
d[PtkohnK Bkb nkYk bkfJnk Bzr/ XV bVfdnK f;de f;oV s'A v'b/ Bk,
PoXktkB f;ZyK tZb'A fwb/ j[zrko/ ;dek pj[s ;ko/ ;e{b ukb{ eoB ftu
ekw:kph fwbh. fJ;/ xkbDk dk nkyoh fwZmk cb ;h ykb;k ekbi
nzfwqs;o. Gkt/A fjzd{ bhvoK dh u[ZeDk ftu nk e/ f;Zy rbsh eo p?m/,
gzikp d/ r'o/ rtoBo B/ ekbi B{z f;Zy :{Bhtof;Nh dk doik d/D nkT[Dk
;h. e[M f;o fco/ f;Zy bhvoK, ns/ nkw w[zvhjo B/, T[; fto[ZX
(68)
Bkno/pkIh eoB, ns/ nkT[D dk fto'X eoB dh mkD bJh. rtoBo B/
nkT[Dk oZd eo fdZsk, GhVK w{oysk ftu y[PhnK wBkT[D bZrhnK, go
fJ; T[iZvg[D/ dh ;ik f;Zy gzE nZi sZe G'rdk nk fojk j? feT[Afe f;Zy
:{Bhtof;Nh dk “roGgks” j' frnk ;h. nk fojk w[Zy wfjwkB fgqz;
ukob; f;ZXk bkj"o ubk frnk. ekbi d/ fgqz;hgb tkdB B/ n;shck d/
fdZsk. fJj :{Bhtof;Nh nbhrVQ g[Zi rJh w[;bwkBK e'b.
fJjBK fdBK ftu fiE/ s/ih Bkb nzrq/ih ftZfdnk ns/ gZSwh ;fGnsk
jo n?o/ r?o/ B{z p{o d/ bZv{nK tKr, nkgD/ tZb nkT[D dhnK ;?BsK wko
ojh ;h, T[E/ jh gq'L r[ow[y f;zx ns/ T[jBK d/ ;zrh ;kEhnK, ;z;koh
ftZfdnk d/ Bkb fBozekoh ftZfdnk c?bkT[D dk pkBD{z pzBQD dk sjZJhnk eo
fbnk. ;zB 1885 d/ brgr f;zx ;Gk bfjo d/ fJ; w'Yh B/, r"ofwzN
ekbi bj"o ftu phHJ/H sZe gzikph wkfXnw okjhA ftZfdnk gqkgsh dk
o;sk y[btk fdZsk. fco fJjBK Xkowe ftZfdnk dh gVQkJh bJh nrbk
edw g[ZfNnk. r'oh ;oeko s'A frnkBh dh gVQkJh bJh gqtkBrh gqkgs
eo bJh. “frnkBh” Ppd nkw s"o s/ Xkofwe fposh tkb/ f;ZyK bJh
tofsnk iKdk ;h. r[owfs frnkB tZb'A Gkt/A T[j e'o/ jh feT[A Bk j'D.
fJ;/ frnkBh Bkw j/m gq'L r[ow[y f;zx B/ B"itkBK bJh, Xkofwe ftZfdnk
dk ;b/p; pDk e/, ;oeko s'A gotkB eotk fbnk. fJ; ftu f;Zy
fJfsjk;, r[opkDh ;zEk, noE ftnkfynk, ehosB s'A fJbktk f;Zy
fcbk;ch, GkJh r[odk; ih, ns/ j'o r[ows ;kfjs gVQkfJnk ikD bZrk.
T[jBK dh T[FZsw xkbDk ns/ pj[gZyh :'rsk ;dek T[jBK B{z ps"o nfXnkge
gVQkT[D dh ;/tk s/ Gh bk fdZsk frnk. fJjBK d/ gVQkJ/ ftfdnkoEh ;Zu
w[Zu jh frnkBh ih (frnkBtkB) pD e/ nB/e y/soK ftu w'joh o'b ndk
eoB bZr/. T[jBK ;fwnK ftu frnkBh ih nytkDk cyo dk tkfJ; pD
frnk ;h. fiE/ r[ows ;kfjs ftu “GkJh” Ppd nsh wkD ;fseko
tkbk j'fJnk eodk ;h, fJ;/ soQK nkgD/ Bkw Bkb frnkBh bkT[Dk wkD dk
gqtkBk (swrk) ;wfMnk ikD bZrk. frnkBhnK dhnK nr'A Ne;kbk ubD
bZrhnK. fJj ;zsg[D/ tkbk S{s o'r sK fpbe[b nkX[fBe fpwkoh j?. f;ZyK
(69)
d/ g[oksB ;fwnK ftu jh BjhA toswkB ;w/A ftu Gh gqtkfDs r[ow[yh
ftP/PD “frnkBh” ns/ “GkJh” jh wzB/ iKd/ jB. fJ; wkbk d/ wDfenK
ftu'A GkJh oDXho f;zx, GkJh tho f;zx GkJh ekjB f;zx s/ GkJh i'X
f;zx d/ Bkw fIeo:'r jB. fco frnkBh frnkB f;zx, frnkBh jikok
f;zx (tho f;zx d/ fgsk ih) frnkBh roik f;zx. v/fonK Ne;kbK d/
w[yh Gh frnkBh jh nytkfJnk eod/ ;B. :'rsk nB[;ko f;Zy ;wki
ns/ wB[Zysk dh ;/tk ftu fjZ;k gkT[Ad/ oj/ fJj ;/tkdko.
;w/A B/ eotN pdbh 47 dh d/P tzv j'Jh, Bt/A j[ewokB rZdhnK
wZb p?m/. BtK fJfsjk; fbfynk ikD bZrk, ;e{bK ekbiK dhnK gkm
g[;seK d/ nfXnkJ/ pdb/ ikD bZr/. j"bh^j"bh frnkBh d/ ftP/ ftu'A
xNdk^xNdk r[ows pko/ e/tb fJZe g/go ofj frnk, pkeh ;G T[vk
fdZsk frnk. fJ; dh EK nkfJnk Bktb, BkNe, eftsk, fJeKrh,
ftneshrs ihtBhnK. fJE/ jh pZ; j' iKdh sK PkfJd nZXk e[ frnkBh
pu ofjzdk. wbhBsk Goh ;'u T[ZGoe/ T[d'A ;kjwD/ nkD BZuh id'A jho
oKMk, ;Z;h g[B{z, fwoik ;kfjpK tor/ fJPe wikih tor/ bZuo ;kfjs B{z
frnkBh ;b/p; ik nfByVtK nzr pDk fdZsk frnk. iok fgZSb Mks
wko', nZXh ;dh s'A gkm g[;seK ftu ;kv/ pZu/ fJjBK b'coK d/ wbhB
ihtB B{z “rfjokJh Bkb” gVQd/ nk oj/ jB. xo'A eZfYnk fByZN{ oKMk,
jho d/ xo wZMK B{z gZm/ gkT[Adk, y/sK ftu xkj ukodk, d[ZX u'Adk r'jk e{Vk
j{zMdk j?, pkoK ;kb sZe. go fe; foPs/ nXhB< xo ftu gP{ ;KGD
tkb/ gkbhnK ;hohnK tor/ B"i[nkB B{z jho, u{ohnK e[ZN e/ ytkT[Adh j?,
fe; foPs/ nXhB< neb d/ nzfBQnK wksk fgsk B{z i/ e'Jh Pow BjhA ;h
sK eh ;kok Pohek ephbk, foPs/dko Gh J/v/ BfyZX ;B fe ;kfonK dh
I[pkB mkeh rJh< fco oKMk jho B{z T[; d/ ;j[o/ xo'A T[Xkb e/ b? iKdk j?,
fJj fejVk izr fiZs fbnk T[;B/< jho B/ wksk fgsk ns/ ;j[o/ gqtko d/
f;o ;[nkj sK gkJh jh ;h, eh nkgDk w{zj Gh ekbk BjhA ehsk< xo
t;kfJnk T[; B/ nkgDk<
;Z;h EbK ftu ;V woh tes f;o g[B{z Bk pj[fVnk. id'A tkg;
(70)
gofsnk sK ;Z;h dh w"s dh ypo ;[D e/ y[d Gh ;z;ko s'A e{u eo frnk.
;z;ko B{z eh d/ e/ frnk< y[de[Ph dk okj< fwoik, ;kfjpK B{z n?B T[;
tes T[Xkb e/ b? iKdk j?, id'A T[; B{z ftnkj[D tk;s/ poks Y[Zeh j'Jh
;h. gqtkoK ns/ ;wki dh fJZSk s'A ftgohs ehsk nfijk ekok eh nZi
e'Jh ;zx'A EZb/ T[sko ;edk j?< eh T[; B/ pjkdoh dk ekoi ehsk ;h< j'o
f;sw t/y' ` i/ fe;/ dh eztkoh Xh T[Xkb e/ b? jh d"fVnk j?, sK nfijk
w{oy fwoi/ s'A fpBK PkfJd jh feXo/ fwb/ fijVk okj ftu bzwhnK skD
e/ ;"A ikt/. fe;/ izrb p/b/ ftu b[edk, nkgD/ xo g[Zidk, fe;/ dk fwzBs
sobk eoe/ ikB py;h bJh tk;sk gkT[AdkHHH. go “fwoik tZfYnk j/mK
izv d/HH fwoik pKM GoktK wkfon?”HHH. feT[A fJj wzd eos{s GoktK B{z
ephb/ B{z, g[ZS e/ ehsh ;h< eh fwoik iZN s/ ;kfjpK iZNh dhnK fJj'
eos{sK gVQkT[D i'rhnK ofj rJhnK< wjhtkb ;"dkro d/ o{g ftu s[Zb/
x[fwnko s'A fwZNh d/ ;'jD/ GKv/ wfjzr/ Gkn yqhd e/ ;;s/ Gk t/udk j?. S/
wjhfBnK ftu ;koh oew b[Nk fdZsh. fco ;'jDh d/ fgT[ Bkb GKv/ Egdk
j? y's/ ukodk j?, ;'jDh B{z fgnko ghAxk M[NkT[Adk j?. gsk bZrD s'A
wjhtkb B{z s[Zbk x[fwnko ;'jDh dk fgT[ XZe/ wkoe/ xo'A eZY fdzdk j?.
;'jDh dk MZNgN, w[zvk t/y e/ ftnkj eo fdzdk j?. ftukok wjhAtkb
dfonk d/ feBko/, ;'jDh d/ ;"jo/ fgzv B/V/, eZyK ekfBnK dh M[Zrh gk e/
p?m frnk. ;j[o/ gqtko B{z drk d/ e/ nZXh oks fJj “j'Djko f;nkDh
e[Vh” nkPe B{z fwbD iKdh ojh. wjhtkb dfonk gko eoe/ fJ; B{z nk
fwbdk. ftukok tysK wkfonk wZShnK cV yk e/ vzr NgkT[Adk. e[M wZSh
d/ N[eV/ ;'jDh B{z ytkT[Adk. fe;/ fdB wZShnK Bk fwbhnK sK bk;kBh
ekoBkwk fJ; j'Djko B"itkB B/ eo ftykfJnk. nkgD/ gZN dk wk; eZNe/
G[zB e/ ;'jDh B{z y[nk fdZsk. gsk bZrD s/ wkP{ek iko' iko o'Jh. nr'A
bJh dfonk gko wjhtkb BjhA eo/rk ;'jDh xV/ s/ s?o e/ dfonk gko
eo/rh. xo gsk bZr frnk, “gkgD BBkD” B/ xVk pdb e/ gZe/ dh EK,
eZuk oZy fdZsk. ;'jDh eZu/ Bkb jh fmZb gJh s/ vZ[p w'Jh. fJ; B{z
pukT[Adk wjhtkb v[Zp wfonk. tkj fenk bk;kBh ekoBkwk eo ftykfJnk.
(71)
;z;ko d/ Bhw gkrb w[zv/ e[VhnK bJh “ukBD w[Bkok” jB. nfij/ w[zv/
e[VhnK<
iok nkgD/ gqtkoK$;wki tZb Mksh wko' eh wksk fgsk nkgDhnK
e[nko ezieK B{z jho tork gkg eow eoB s/ y[P j'Dr/< eh nkgDhnK
p/NhnK d/ Bkw “jho” oZyD dh i[nos eo ;eDr/< fco eh ;Z;h torh
nkg j[doh bVeh Ugo/ pzfdnK fgZS/ fit/A tk;BK ftu nzBQh j' e/ BZ;h, s/
nkgDh ikB rtk p?mh, T[; tKr nkgDhnK XhnK B{z y[Zb y/YD d/Dr/<
firo d/ N[efVnK B{z wko{EbK ftu o[bD d/Dr/< nZi d/ wksk fgsk
nkgDhnK XhnK d/ Bkw ;Z;h oZyD dh fjzws ftykT[Dr/< ;kfjpK n?B
c/fonK tes, gfjbK xVh ;ehw w[skpe, d' gqtkoK, d' fgzvK d/ BZe tZYe/,
fwoi/ dh pZeh s/ p?me/ T[vkoh wko rJh. fco eh gqtkoK B{z ;j[o/ g/fenK
B{z, ukjhdk ;h fe T[; B{z tZv/ fJeZm ftu fJ; “pjkdoh” bJh ;BwkBs
eod/< eh nZi wK pkg ezfBnktK d/ Bkw ;kfjpK oZyD dh fgos gkT[Dr/<
fJ; tZr dh tZSh ;'jDh, pkehnK tKr wBnkJhnK eodh, xo
T[ikVd/ y[d v[Zp woh, s/ fgS/ d' gqtkoK B{z y{j yks/ ;[ZN rJh. fpbe[b
fJ;/ soQK j? oKM/ dh ekor[ikoh, eh nkgD/ ekfenK B{z oKM/ tKr b'eK
dhnK wZMK ukoB, y[obhnK ftu b/ND, pkoK ;kb sZe p/rkB/ xoK ftu
XZe/ ykD tk;s/ wksk fgsk G/iD bJh ;fjws j'Dr/< eh nkgD/ g[ZsoK d/
Bkw oKM/ oZfynk eoBr/< j? nfijh fjzws< g[B{z fJZe nwho s/ n:kP
B"itkB ;h. nkgDh d"bs d/ pb ;Z;h Bkb w"i w;sh eoB T[gozs, tkg;
nkgD/ ;kEhnK ;w/s d/P gos frnk ;h. eh nZi Gh pj[s ;ko/ “eke/”
fJjh toskok BjhA eod/< fco d[fynkohnK XhnK d/ wkg/ fJjBK ntkok
w[zfvnK d/ r[DrkB eod/ jB iK T[wo Go sVgd/ j'J/ fJjBK d/ ehs/
ekfonK s/ wD wD jzM{ e/od/ jB<
don;b ekoBK dk ekoB fJj j? fe ;kv/ nkr{ BjhA ukj[zd/ fe
fJE'A dk B"itkB frnkBtkB j't/. pjkdo j't/, fJwkBdko j't/, T[u/
fJybky tkbk j't/ feT[Afe T[jBK B{z f;o| t'NK gkT[D tkbhnK t'N$G/vK
ukjhdhnK jB, pZ;. fgSb/ ;w/A ftu fJjBK nkPeh d/ feZf;nK pko/ eJh
(72)
fcbwK pD u[ehnK jB. g[;seK ftu ps"o ;b/p; fJjBK B{z Pkwb ehsk
ik uZ[fenk j?. w/fbnK fJeZmK ftu fJjBK d/ rhs rkJ/ iKd/ jB. p'bukb
ftu fJjBK d/ fJPe B{z ;Zuk fJPe efj e/ tfvnkfJnk iKdk j?. “gzikph
;fGnsk dh n;bh s;tho fJjBK gq/w ejkDhnK ftu jh j?” dk okr pko
pko nbkfgnk iKdk j?. j'o sK j'o fJjBK B"itkBK B/ Ehf;; fby/ jB,
s/ eJhnK B/ tZvh xkbDk Bkb fJjBK ftfPnK s/ gh^n?uHvhH dhnK
fvrohnK M'bh g[nk e/ ftdtsk dk ski f;o s/ oZfynk j?. eJh tkoh
;N/iK s/ ;[DkfJnk iKdk j?, “gzikp dh Xosh r[o{nK ghoK ;zsK cehoK dh
Xosh j?”. go ikgdk n?T[A j? fe fJj b[Zfunk, bczfrnK, u'oK, mZrK,
pdwkPK dh Xosh j?, feT[Afe Xkowe g[oyK dk T[gd/P sK Xow n;EkB
dh T[Zuh fJwkos d/ nzdo jh dw s'V fdzdk j?. gzikp d/ t;Bhe fwoi/
B{z izv j/m tYhAdk ;[D e/ jT[e/ b?Ad/ jB, fJjBK B{z pzdk f;zx pjkdo, nsh
PeshPkbh s/ nZyV je{ws Bkb NZeo b?D T[gozs f;de s/ ofjzfdnK pzd
pzd eNkT[Adk BIo BjhA nkT[Adk. oKM/ tork rGo{ wZMK ukodk gzikphnK
bJh so; dk gkso j?, Btkp eg{o f;zx ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk
jikoK npbktK B{z gkwoK d/ y{Bh gzfinK ftu'A w[es eotk e/ fJZIs Bkb
xo'A xohA g[ukT[Ad/ edh BjhA fdZ;d/. fJE/ g[B{z tor/ X'y/pkI bJh fdbK
ftu EK j?, GkJh wBh f;zx tor/ goT[gekohnK bJh e'Jh EK BjhA. fJE/
MBk ftu wjhtkb d/ v[Zp woB dk pj[s rw j?, go ;sb[i d/ ezY/ f;zxK
;{ofwnK tZb'A so/ y{B d/ dfonk u/s/ ftu jh BjhA nkJ/. ;qH Pkw f;zx
nNkohtkb/ tork :'Xk Gh ftZ;o frnk eh fJ;/ Bhu fposh dk Bkw jh
gzikphns sK BjhA j?<
fJE/ jho, ;Z;h, ;'jDh s/ ;kfjpK gzikphnK d/ fdb' fdwkr s/
SkJhnK j'JhnK jB. fJ;/ bJh fJE/ fJ;/ fe;w dhnK fcbwK s/ e?;NK
bZyK b'e ;[Dd/ t/yd/ jB. go eh no;h o{j p/p/ BkBeh ih, ;fsr[o{
BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ G?D ih Bkb ;kvk e'Jh Bksk j?< wksk yhth ih, phph
GkBh ih B{z gzikph ikDd/ jB< wksk rzrk ih wksk r[ioh ih, fezB/ e[ :kd
jB< wksk Gkr e"o ih, fdb d/ fe; ykB/ ftu jB< fijBK wktK B/
(73)
pZfunK d/ N[eV/ eotk e/ M'bhnK ftu g[nkJ/, ;tk ;tk wD gh;Dk
ghf;nk, edh :kd nkJhnK T[j wktK< ;odkoBh ;dk e"o dh ;{owrsh,
wjkokDh fizd e"o dh f;nkDgHHH nkX[fBe ;w/A sZe, :kd j? ;G e[M
gzikphnK B{z< ;kvhnK ;oekoK s/ :{Bhtof;NhnK “nkPeK” s/ jh y'i
eodhnK ofjDrhnK, fJjBK B{z jh e'wb wB, ftfdnkoEhnK d/ nzdo
m';dhnK ikDrhnK iK edh joh f;zx Bbtk, Pkw f;zx nNkohtkbk,
nekbh c{bk f;zx, GkJh wjkoki f;zx, ;qH uso f;zx, ;qH P/o f;zx pko/
Gh edh y'i eokT[DrhnK< fJ; Xosh d/ jkewK B{z (;w/s f;ZyK d/)
nkPeK dh pj[sh fceo j?, ftuko/ fezB/ n"y/ j'J/, fe;/ B/ xo Bk t;kfJnk,
fe;/ B/ izi poks Bkb Y[ek Bk ehsk. fe;/ d/ xo fBZek fBnkDk Bk
izfwnk. ekP fJj pZu/ izwd/ gkbd/, b{D s/b d/ Gkn dk gsk bZr iKdk.
p/o[irkoh B/ ;zxh BZgh j[zdh, ;kok fJ;ae dk G{s T[v ikDk ;h. ekP fe
;jh wkjfBnK ftu B"itkB frnkBh pD ;eD. c"i ftu f;Zy Xkowe
w[yh dh :'rsk “frnkBh” jh j?. nkPeK B{z gVQ e/ pfDnk “frnkBh”
fej' fijk Xow T[gd/P eo ;e/rk< ;'funk j? edh ;kv/ fe;/ nkr{ B/<
1H frnkBhnK B/ ;G ;u[ j? ;u ;'Mh j'Jh..
T[fJ G[bkfJ B fe;? d/ G[bBh ;u[ ikDfB ;'Jh. (42)
2H frnkBh j'fJ ;[ u/szB j'fJ nfrnkBh nzX[ ewkfJ (556)
3H g/ys ukys ejhns nzXk ;[Bhns ;[Bhn? Bkjh..
fBefN t;s[ eT[ ikD/ d{o/ gkgh gkg ewkjh.. (741)
4H frnkB[ fXnkB[ ;G[ r[o s/ j'Jh.. ;kuh ojs ;kuk wfB ;'Jh..
wBw[y eEBh j? go[ ojs B j'Jh.. Bktj[ G{b/ EkT[ B e'Jh. (831)
[[[[
(74)
f;Zy B"itkBK dk GftZy nkofEe gZyf;Zy B"itkBK dk GftZy nkofEe gZyf;Zy B"itkBK dk GftZy nkofEe gZyf;Zy B"itkBK dk GftZy nkofEe gZyf;Zy B"itkBK dk GftZy nkofEe gZy
;z;koh iht bJh gqw[Zy iIpk j? nkgDh ikB dh ;bkwsh. sB
wfjc{i j' ikD dh s;Zbh s'A pknd gfjbh b'V j? ;oho bJh G'iB. nZr'A
\[oke g?dktoh bJh b'VhAd/ o[Irko gZyh ;kXB. G[Zy/ g/N tkb/ fe;/
ftnesh B{z ;/tk iK f;woB eoB bJh efjDk fJZe wIke s'A tZX e[M
BjhA. ;z;koh b'VK iK nkoEe gZy B{z ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ edh Gh
nDr"fbnK BjhA ehsk. r[o{ xoK Bkb bzro ;dk s'A uZbd/ nk oj/ jB.
fiE/ jo nkJ/ gqkDh dh ;ohoe b'V g{oh ehsh iKdh j?. gqPkfd SeD s'A
pknd jh nkswe fsqgsh dh rZb N[odh j?. wkoe; B/ sK nkofEesk B{z
jh fizdrh d/ jo gfjb{ s/ Gko{ dZf;nk j?. fJB;kBh fJZIs nkpo{,
;ohoe fdZy ns/ szdo[;sh, wkBf;e pDso, ofjD^;fjD dk Yzr, fe;/
Bk fe;/ o{g ftu nkofEesk Bkb ik i[Vdk j?. nkofEesk feos Bkb
v{zxk ;pzX oZydh j?. fJ;/ bJh ;fsr[[o{ ih B/ “Xow dh feos eoB s/”
pj[s I'o fdZsk j?. Xow dh feos dk ;pzX nZr'A nfXnksfwesk Bkb
fJZe fwZe j'fJnk gqshs j[zdk j?. id'A f;Zy ;zrsK d/ Bkw ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB
tZb'A fby/ j[ewBkw/ gVQhd/ jB, T[BQK ftu Xow T[gd/P d/ Bkb fJj
fbfynk Gh fwbdk j? ^ “r[o[ r[o{ igDk, ;op ;zrs o[Irko pj[s
j't/rk. r[o{ oky/rk, o[Irko eh ekJh ewh Bkjh j't/rh.”
ftfrnkB tZb'A fBZs BthnK wPhBK dh ekY eoe/, fJe' wPhB Bkb
pj[s ;ko/ nkdwhnK tkbk ezw eo fdZsk iKdk j?. fJ; p/^o[Irkoh ftu
tkXk sK j't/rk jh, go id'A ;oekoK Gh B"itkBK d/ GftZy gqsh bkgqtkj
j'D, sd'A ;fEsh j'o rzGho pD iKdh j?. ;oekoh y/so dhnK B"eohnK
ftu o[Irko d/ w"e/ BKj d/ pokpo j'D eoe/, f;Zy rZGo{nK B{z nkgDk
(75)
GftZy nzXeko ftu v[Zfpnk gqshs j[zdk j?. fIzdrh p'Mb fijh ns/ ci{b
fdZ;D bZr g?Adh j?. fJ; i[nkBh dh nZEoh T[wo/ dfonktK dk w[jkD w'V
d/D dh, fjwkbk B{z uho ;[ZND dh, Xosh B{z gbN d/D dh, n;wkB ftu
NkehnK bk d/D dh Pesh mkmK wko ojh j[zdh j?. e'Jh T[fus nrtkJh Bk
fwbD eoe/ ;koh ;woZEk xZN/ o[b iKdh j?. nfij/ wk:{;h d/ nkbw ftu
v[Zfpnk B"itkB, nkgDk Gh s/ ;wki dk Gh, pj[s B[e;kB eo fdzdk
j?.nfij/ jkbks dk d[ydkJh Bshik f;Zy ;wki uzrh soQK t/y u[Zfenk j?.
gfssg[D/ dh bfjo uZb g?D dk fJZe ekoB fJj Gh j? fe f;Zy B"itkB uko/
gkf;UA jko N[ZN u[fenk j?, fBokP j?. nfijh nzXeko Goh ns/ nfB;ussk
dh jkbs ftu'A T[GkoB bJh, B"itkBK B{z j";bk s/ o[Irko w[jZJhnk
eotkT[D bJh, e[ZM ;[Mkn ;zrsK s/ gqpzXeK d/ ;Bw[Zy oZyD dh e'fPP eo
fojk jK. ;woEktkBK dk, gzE ftu e'Jh s'Nk BjhA j?. e[ZM ndko/ uZb Gh
oj/ jB, j'o tZvk jzGbk wkoB dh Io{os j?. nkgD/ XzBGkr ;wMKrk
nro fe;/ r[of;Zy iK f;Zy ;z;EktK B{z e[ZM eoB dh gq/oBk fwb ;e/.
1H ;e{b^ekbi L f;Zy gzE e'b ;fsr[o{ ih d/ Bkw s/ uZbD tkb/ ;e{b
ekbiK dk e'Jh P[wko BjhA. fJBQK ftu ftneshrs Gh jB ns/ ;z;EktK
tZb'A ubkJ/ ikD tkb/ Gh jB. pj[s xZN ;e{b^ekbi jB, fiE/ ;z;koh
(;oekoh) ftZfdnk d/D d/ Bkb^Bkb Xkofwe ftZfdnk Gh fdZsh ik ojh
j't/. pkjo ;e{b d/ w[Zy r/N s/ p'ov r[o{ d/ Bkw tkbk bZrk j't/rk. nzdo
f;Zyh (r[owfs) dh gVQkJh e'fPP eoB s/ Gh BIohA BjhA gt/rh. f;Zyh
wkj"b, t/; G{;k, e[ZM Gh BjhA fwb/rk. pZfunK d/ wksk^fgsk fJ; y[;
cfjwh ftu jB fe pZu/ f;ZyK d/ ;e{b ftu gVQ oj/ jB, sK r[owfs d/
XkoBh j'Jh j'Dr/. go f;Zyh tkbh sK jtk sZe nzdo BjhA ik ;edh
feT[Afe Nhfuzr ;Nk| \[d r[owfs s'A e'jK d{o j?. j[D fJ; dk d{ik gZy
ftukohJ/L^ nro fJBQK ;e{bK ftu ftXh g{ote r[owfs dh ftZfdnk
gVQkJh ikt/ sK seohpB d;^e[ jIko Xkofwe nfXnkge fJBQK EktK s/
fB:[es ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB. T[j p/o[Irko bVe/ bVehnK, \[d Xow dh
ftfdnk gVQBr/, e[doshA jh T[j f;Zyh n;{bK ftu gogZe nzfwqsXkoh Gh
(76)
pD ikDr/. nZr'A ;e{bK^ekbiK okjhA ns/ y[ZbQhnK ;N/iK s/ eEk okjhA
nB/eK B{z f;Zyh dkfJo/ ftu fbnkT[D dk ekoB pDBr/. nkgDh T[Zu
ftfdnk, fJj r[ow[yh ihtB okjhA ftfdnkoEhnK B{z id'A gftZso r[opkDh
s/ bk;kBh fJfsjk; gVQkT[Dr/ sK f;Zy gzE ftu p/^P[wko tkXk j't/rk.
;w/A^;w/A pZfunK B{z j'o :ksoktK d/ Bkb^Bkb Xkfowe ;EkBK dh :ksok
Gh eotkJh ikt/. Xkofwe e?Ag bk e/ ;[bM/ j'J/ f;Zy ftdtkBK s'A ;"yh
GkPk ftu b?euo eotkJ/ ikD. Io{oh B[esk fJjh j? fe Xkofwe Nhuo
dh fB:[esh tes e'Jh fPcko;h ftnesh Bk oZfynk ikt/. g{oh goy
gVu'b s'A pknd, uzrh }[iko/ bkfJe sBykj fdZsh ikt/, sK fe T[j
fB;fuzs j' e/ nkgD/ fIzw/ bZrh ;/tk eo ;e/. fJ; soQK dk f;;Nw
fsnko eo b?D Bkb fJj Nhuo \[d Gh f;Zyh n;{bK d/ XkoBh pD/ ofjDr/,
ns/ nZr'A pj[s ;kohnK ;zrsK B{z Xow tZb gq/os eoBr/. fJj ekoi nZr/
s'A nZr/ uZbdk ikt/rk.
2H feZsk^w[yh e'o;L T[go tofDs nkw ;e{bK^ekbiK ftu ;o;oh
fijh Mksh wkoB s'A pknd feZsk w[yh ;z;EktK pko/ Gh E'Vh fijh ftuko
eo bJhJ/. ;zB 1892 ftu nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fty/, bzwh ;'u^ftuko s'A
pknd “ykb;k ekbi” dh BhAj oZyh ;h. fJ; ekbi B/ pj[s ;ko/
B"itkBK B{z g?oK s/ yV/ j'D ftu wdd ehsh. P[o{ d/ ;kbk ftu f;Zyh dk
;'jDk wkj"b Gh pfDnk fojk. ;wK gk e/ fJj PkBkwZsk \kb;k ekbi Gh
fJZe nkw ekbi pD frnk, f;oc ;oekoh ekbiHHH. ek|h ;wK gfjbK
gzEe g?;/ Bkb b[fXnkD/ fty/ fJzfiBfozr ekbi y'fbQnk frnk ;h. fJj
ekbi Gh B"itkBK ftu f;Zyh dh ;fgoN GoB s'A n;woZE jh fojk j?.
e'Jh fIeo:'r ekoi, f;Zyh ;o{g ftu tkXk eoB tk;s/ fJj ekbi BjhA eo
;fenk pkeh ekbiK ns/ feZsk w[yh ;z;EktK dk Gh brGr fJjh jkb j?.
f;Zy w[yhnK B{z ;'u^ftuko eoe/ ;w/A d/ jkDh, fBo'b fBZih y/so
tkb/, feZsk^w[yh ;e{b^ekbi y'bQD/ ukjhd/ jB. fJBQK ndkfonK B{z ;oekoh
d\b nzdkih s'A puke/ oZfynk ikt/. fJBQK EktK s/ f;Zy B"itkBK B{z
nkX[fBe Yzr sohfenK tkbh feZsk^w[yh T[FZsw f;ybkJh fdZsh ikt/.
(77)
gzikp d/ pj[s ;ko/ B"itkB, nKXok^gqd/P ns/ eoBkNek ftu nfij/ ezw
f;ZyD iKd/ jB. fiZE/ T[BQK dh eJh r[Dk tZX \ou j[zdk j?, j'o eJh soQK
dhnK w[PebK nbZr. i/ gzikp ftu T[; fe;w dh f;ybkJh dk gqpzX eo
fdZsk ikt/ sK fJj pj[s tZvh gqkgsh j' ;edh j?. p/rkB/ jZEK tZb t/yD
dh Ekt/A, foPtsK s/ f;ckoPK Bkb B"eohnK bZGD dh Ekt/A, T[j nkgD/
fBZih Xzd/ eod/ j'J/ ;t?wkD dh o'Nh yk ;ed/ jB. o[Irko dh wIp{oh
ekoB T[j f;Zyh s'A bKG/ BjhA ikDr/. nZr/ j'o pj[s ;ko/ ;zrhnK B{z Gh
fJ; gk;/ gq/fos eoBr/. fJ; soQK d/ gqpzX ftu Nq/fBzr ;?ANo ukb{ eo
d/D Bkb p/nzs B"itkB, p/o[Irkoh ns/ }ohph dh bkjDs s'A pu ;ed/
jB. y/sh nZi^eZbQ bkj/tzdk feZsk BjhA fojk. wPhBh :[Zr ekoB ;kfonK
B{z wId{oh Gh BjhA bZGDh. y/sh s/ wId{oh dh ;\s fwjBs pzd/ dk ;howk
gh iKdh j?, }ohph fco Gh d{o BjhA j[zdh. wB[Zy gP{nK tork ihtB
fpskT[D bJh wIp{o j' iKdk j?. nfijh dodBke dPk ftu fe;/ ftnesh
dk f;Zyh ;o{g ftu fNe/ ofjDk n;zGt jh j' ;edk j?. i/ ;kv/ gzEe
w[yhnK B/ fJ; gkk;/ c"oh fXnkB BK fdZsk sK pj[s d/o j' u[Zeh j't/rh.
3H gzikp n?Av f;zX p?AeL pj[s ;wK gfjbK bzwh ;'u^ftuko s'A
pknd f;Zy gzE d/ f;nkD/ r[of;ZyK B/ r[o{ gzE d/ g?;/ Bkb, gzikp n?Av
f;zX p?Ae y'fbQnk ;h. Pq'wDh r[od[nkok ew/Nh B/ fJ; B{z gZe/ g?AohA eoB
tk;s/ fJZe eo'V o[fgnk iwQk eotkfJnk ;h. uzr/ gqpzXeK dh nrtkJh
ftu, ;|bsk dhnK wzIbK wkodh rJh. fJ; p?Ae ftu f;Zy B"itkBK B{z
o[Irko d/D dk T[gokbk ehsk frnk. Pos oZyh rJh fe f;Zyh ;o{g tkb/
B"itkBK B{z jh B"eoh fdZsh ikt/rh. fJj fJZe uzrk T[gokbk ;h. go e/tb
f;Zyh ;o{g dh jh Pos oZyh rJh ;h, gzi pkDhnK I[pkBh :kd j'D,
nzfwqsXkoh j'Dk, r[owfs s'A ikDeko j'D dh e'Jh Pos Bk oZyh rJh.
Bshi/ ti'A r[owfs s'A e'jK d{o, Bk;fse b'e Gh dkVh^e/; oZy e/ p?Ae
ftu B"eohnK b?D ftu ekw:kp j' rJ/. fiBQK GktBktK B{z ;Bw[y oZy e/,
fJj ndkok P[o{ j'fJnk ;h, T[j XohnK jh ofj rJhnK. nZi^eZbQ sK
fJj p?Ae Gh Gkos ;oeko d/ gqpzX ftu ik u[Zfenk j?, p; fJZe nkw
;oekoh ndkok jh pD frnk j?.
(78)
4H fwPBoh ekbiK dh b'VL \kb;k gzE B{z pj[s ;[bM/ j'J/, nkgk
;wogD GktBk tkb/, fwPBoh bVe/^bVehnK dh nsh Io{os j?, i'
r[opkDh dhnK pkohehnK B{ z uzrh soQK ;wMd/ j'D. fJfsjk;,
r[owfs^fcbk;ch, r[opkDh dh ftukoXkok, nBwshnK pko/ ikDekoh
oZyd/ j'D. d/P^ftd/P d/ jo r[od[nko/ ftu fJ; gZXo d/ Nq/Av ihtB tkb/
r[of;y B"itkBK dk fB:[es eoBk jh e"wh uVQdh ebk dk fuzB j?. go
fJ; b?tb d/ fwPBoh fsnko eoB tk;s/ f;ZyK e'b T[Zu gkJ/ dk, gquko
b'VK B{z g{fonK eoB tkbk, fJZe Gh ekbi BjhA j?. c"oh s"o s/ fIbQk ;do
w[ekwK s/, nfij/ ekbi y'bQ/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB. fiBQK ftu eEk, ehosB,
fJfsjk;, f;Zy Xow f|bk;ch ;w/s d{i/ XowK dk s[bBkswe nfXn?B,
f;Zy ;kfjs dh y'i nkfd dh v{zxh gVQkJh eotkJh ikt/. fszB wjhB/, d'
;kb, gzi^;kb, iK tZX ;w/A d/ f;Zfynk e'o; ukb{ ehs/ ikD. jo
r[od[nko/ ftu gkmh, eEk^tkue, ehosBhJ/ fJBQK ekbiK ftu'A jh bJ/
ikD. gzikp s'A pkjo tZ;d/ f;ZyK dhnK GkPkJh b'VK B{z w[Zy oZye/,
gqukoeK B{z T[;/ sohe/ fsnko ehsk ikt/. ftd/PK tk;s/ T[Zu ftfdnk tkb/
r[owfs ftu fBg[zB fJzNoB?PBb GkPktK ftu wkfjo, fwPBoh fsnko
ehs/ ikD. fJ; soQK d/P^ftd/P ftu, f;Zyh Xow gquko dh fJZe bfjo
uZb ;edh j?. fJBQK ekbiK ftu gVQkT[D tkb/ nfXnkge ns/ gVQ e/
fBeb/ fwPBoh, r[o{ BkBe ftukoXkok d/ ;z;ko ftu vze/ tik ;ed/ jB.
fJ; soQK f;ZX/ s"o s/ eohp fJZe bZy B"itkBK B{z o[Irko Gh fwb/rk s/
f;Zyh ihtB Gh. nfij/ f;Zfynk :kcsk fwPBoh ;zrsK B{z sZs r[owfs sK
;otD eotkT[Dr/ jh, pbfe ;ko/ r[oXkwK B{z jh fwPBoh ;?ANoK dk o{g
d/ d/Dr/. fiE/ Gh ikDr/, r[owfs dh ftfrnkB ftXh Bkb rZb eoBr/.
;qh nekb s\s ;kfjp dh wfo:kdk bkr{ eotkT[Dr/. fJ; soQK f;Zy gzE
dh fdB d[rDh s/ oks u"r[Dh soZeh j't/rh. fJj gqukoe ;zrsK dhnK
y[PhnK gqkgs eoBr/, fJ; bJh g?;/ dh ewh BjhA nkt/rh, ;r'A r[o{ xoK
dh nkwdB pj[s tZX ikt/rh.
(79)
5H r[od[nkfonK Bkb bkfJpo/ohnK dh ;EkgBkL fiZE/ fes/ f;Zy ik
e/ tZ;/ jB, T[BQK S/sh s'A S/sh r[o ;zrsK d/ i[VB tk;s/ r[od[nko/ T[;ko/
jB. pj[s ;ko/ r[o{ xo fJfsjk;e jB s/ e[ZM fJZe fJfsjk;e Bk j' e/
Gh tZvh wjkBsk tkb/ jB. fJBQK r[o{ xoK Bkb nro f;Zy Xow pko/
u'DthnK g[;seK dhnK bkfJpo/ohnK ;Ekgs eo fdZshnK ikD sK, fJE'A
;zrsK pj[s T[FZsw ;/X b? ;edhnK jB. r[opkDh dh noE ftnkfynk
pko/ Nhe/ j'D, d{i/ XowK pko/ s[bBkswe feskpK j'D. ;ko/ uzr/ o;kb/ s/
n\pko Gh wzrkJ/ ikD. e'Jh ftnesh fe;/ pjkB/ nkt/, go r[o{ xo Bkb
i[fVnk oj/. fit/A ngokXh b'e g[fb; EkD/ dk Bkw ;[DfdnK jh xpok
iKd/ jB. fJ; soQK pj[s/ b'e r[o{ xo ftu dk\b j'D s'A ezBh esokT[Ad/
jB. T[BQK dh fdbu;gh dk ;kwkB r[o{ xo ftu j't/rk, sK T[j r[o{ xo
Bkb brkU oZyDr/. id'A r[od[nko/ ub/ jh rJ/ sK nZr'A Nq/Av fwPBoh
fgnko Gfonk toskU eoBr/, eEk, ehosB j' fojk j't/rk. e[dosh
rZb j?, e'Jh Bk e'Jh f;Zfynk b? e/ w[VBr/. fJ; soQK dhnK bkfJpo/ohnK
dh ;EkgBk j'D d/ feskpK dh yqhd tX/rh. fJ; Bkb b/fyeK, gqekPeK,
SkgeK ;G B{z T[sPkj fwb/rk. feskpK s/ uzr/ fwPBoh jh n;b ftu
ykb;k gzE ftu u/sBk g?dk eo ;ed/ jB. wkBf;e gZXo T[Zuk j' ikD
Bkb f;Zy ;wki fIzdrh d/ jo \/so ftu ftek; eo/rk. ;ko/ soQK d/
‘ykb;k wkouK’ Bkb'A T[FZsw “\kb;k wkou” j't/rk.
6H gkoN^NkJhw fwPBohL f;ZyK dhnK fIzw/tko iZE/pzdhnK B{z nr/sh
;ehw fsnko eoBh ukjhdh j?, fe tZvhnK ebk;K d/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z
bzwhnK S[ZNhnK j'D s/, ;"^;" (iK tZX^xZN) bVe/^bVehnK Bkb okpsk
pDk e/, T[BQK B{z E'V/Q ;w/A dh r[owfs f;Zfynk d/ e/, chbv ftu T[skfonk
ikt/. r[owfs d/ w[Yb/ ns/ Io{oh wkD Go/ B[es/ Skge/, S'N/^S'N/ g?AcfbNK
d/ p?r Goe/, fJBQK ftfdnkoEhnK B{z tZX s'A tZX fJbkfenK ftu G/fink
ikt/. fJj g{oh f;de fdbh Bkb xo^xo ik e/ fgnko ngDZs Bkb
;kfjs tzvD. fJBQK ftu eJh pZu/ fpBK e[ZM fbnk Gh ;/tk GktBk Bkb ezw
eoBr/. b'VtzdK B{z e[ZM e[ ;/tk cb fdZsk ikt/. fJj \[d Gh r[owfs
(80)
fbNo/uo gVQBr/, nZr'A nDfrDs B{z r[owfs Bkb i'VBr/. T[BQK dh S[ZNh
dk ezw dk ;wK ;ekoEk j't/rk. gzE bJh tZvh tkX/ dh rZb j't/rh.
7H nkvhU^thvhU e?;NKL ;kv/ fgzvK d/ b'eK dk pj[s ;wK ftnoE
ftu ubk ik fojk j?. fBr{DhnK rZbK ekoB MrV/ j' iKd/ jB. jo T[wo
d/ ftnesh BfPnK ftu ihtB popkd eo oj/ jB. nB/e fe;w d/
fteko, uzrh ;/X Bk fwbD ekoB, fizadrh B{z nzXeko tZb bJh ik oj/
jB. ;[bM/ j'J/ ebkekoK B{z :'r w[nktik d/ e/ f;Zy Xow pko/ nkvhU^thvhU
e?;NK fsnko eotkJhnK ikD. T[FZu e'Nh d/ ethnK dhnK eftsktK B{z
f;nkD/ rkfJeK s'A rtkfJnk ikt/. f;Zyh d/ ;jh sZE g/P ehs/ ikD.
thvhU fcbwK ftu f;oeZYthnK fJfsjk;e MkehnK ftykJhnK ikD.
f;Zy ;o{g tkb/ ekbekoK B{z T[sPkjs ehsk ikt/. ;kok \'i ekoi b'eK
sZe g[ZiD s'A gfjbK fJZe nkjbk f;Zy ;ekboK d/ g?Bb B{z ftyk e/,
b'VhAdhnK ;'XK eo b?DhnK Io{oh j'D. f;ZyK dk n;bh feodko, ;z;ko
d/ b'eK ;kjwD/ fbnKdk ikt/. f;ZyK fto[ZX xVhnK rJhnk p/^f;o g?o
ejkDhnK dk pk^dbhb T[FZso fdZsk ikt/. d/P dh nkIkdh bJh f;ZyK tZb'A
ehshnK e[opkBhnK, w[rbK tes I[bwh oki dhnK iVQK T[ykVB tk;s/
ehs/ wjkB ekoBkw/, BhftnK fBwkfDnK s/ fJ;soh iksh B{z pokpo yVQ/
eoB bJh i' e[ZM ehsk, fJB;kBhns fto[ZX ehs/ ik oj/ gkg eowK B{z
fit/A mZb gkJh, Gkos G{wh B{z ;jh wkjfBnK ftu fit/A gftZso ehskHHH.
fJj ;kok e[ZM pV/ c\o Bkb e?;NK okjhA b'eK ;kjwD/ oZfynk ikt/. fJBQK
nkvhU^thvhU e?;NK dhnK bkfJpo/ohnK r[od[nkfonK d/ Bkb ;Ekgs
ehshnK ikD. fiE'A ;"fynK gqkgs eoe/ jo e'Jh t/y/^;[D/ f;Zy fto;/ B{z
gSkD/, f;Zyh dh uVQdh ebk j't/. fJ; sohe/ Gh nDfrDs b'eK B{z o[Irko
gqkgs j't/rk. Bkb/ g[zB Bkb/ cbhnK.
8H e'^ngo/fNt ;N'o L ;ko/ ;z;ko ftu f;Zy c?b/ j'J/ jB. tZ;
bZrd/ r[og[op tZv/ g?wkB/ s/ wBkJ/ iKd/ jB. r[og[opK tes sK bzro
uZbd/ jh jB, ;r'A pj[s ;ko/ r[o{ xoK ftu sK ;dk jh bzro uZbd/ jB.
i fJZe ;kb ftu e[Zb r[og[opK s/ ehsk frnk \ou fJeZmk i'V fbnk ikt/, /
(81)
;kb ftu nkw uZbD tkb/ bzro Gh Pkwb eo bJ/ ikD sK eo'VK o[gJ/
BjhA, frDsh nopK ftu g[Zi ikt/rh. gqpzXeK B{z ukjhdk j? fe nkg;h
;KM gk e/ e'^ngo/fNt ;N'o r[o{ xoK Bkb ukb{ eo fdZs/ ikD. wzvhnK
ftu'A ;w/A f;o tXhnk nBki^dkbK ;;s/ Gkn yqhd e/, iwQk eo bJhnK
ikD. j'o b'VhAdk ;wkB Gh E'e Gkn s/ pIko ftu'A yqhd fbnk ikt/.
fJBQK jh e'^ngo/fNt ;N'oK s'A ;ko/ r[o{ xoK bJh ;wkB w[jZJhnk
eotkfJnk ikt/. fJE'A uhIK ;k|^;[EohnK Gh fwbDrhnK ns/ xZN
ehws Gh gt/rh. eo'VK o[gJ/ dh ;bkBk pus j' ;edh j?. pj[s ;ko/
b'eK B{z f;ZX/^nf;ZX/ s"o s/ o[Irko gqkgs j't/rk. fJBQK ;N'oK s'A j'o
b'Vtzd b'e Gh nkgDh g;zd dhnK uhIK yqhd e/ fbik ;ed/ jB.
9H y/vK pko/ ftGkr L fJ; rZb s'A jh jo e'Jh Gbh GKs ikD{ j? fe
f;Zy B"itkB nkgD/ pkj{pb s/, j";b/ ftu, ;z;ko d/ f;o eZYt/A EK yb'sk
j'fJnk j?. okiBhsh dh }zdh ;'u sfjs Gkos ;oeko y/vK ftu f;ZyK B{z
T[fus ;EkB BjhA fdzdh. ftrV/ jkbks ftu fizB/ e[ f;ZyK B{z nZr/ ikD dk
w"ek fwbdk j? T[j MZN dkVh^e/; eNtk fdzd/ jB. ;z;ko dhnK y/v
iE/pzdhnK f;ZyK d/ eekoK B{z gqtkB BjhA eodhnK. fJBQK d/ jZe ftu
Gkos ;oeko B/ edh nktkI BjhA T[mkJh. f;Zy B"itkB uko/ pzfBU fxo/
j'J/, f;Zyh tZb'A w{zj c/o b?Ad/ jB. Pq'wDh ew/Nh B{z fJZe y/v^ftGkr
;Ekgs eoB ftu d/oh BjhA eoBh ukjhdh. pugB s'A jh pZfunK B{z y/vK
tkb/ gk;/ o[fus ehsk ikt/. tXhnk \[oke ns/ :'r f;ybkJh dk gqpzX j't/.
;z;ko dhnK tZy'^tZy NhwK Bkb d';skBk \/v w[ekpb/ eotkJ/ ikD. eJh
i/s{ NhwK ;z;ko gZXo dhnK Gh f;Zy fsnko eo ;ed/ jB. c[ZNpkb,
tkbhpkb, jkeh, epZvh, e[Psh nkfd sK gzikp dhnK \k; y/vK jB. fJ;
soQK f;Zy rZGo{nK ftu BtK T[sPkj ikr/rk. T[j f;Zy j'D s/ wkD wfj;{;
eoBr/. \kb;k gzE ns/ d/P B{z uko uzB bkT[Dr/. ftekoK s'A puDr/, s/
gzE dh uVQdh ebk j't/rh.
10H pZfunK bJh f;Zfynk e/AdoL pj[sh tkoh nkw wkJh^GkJh
wjhB/ e[ wro'A iK fe;/ yk; r[og[op s/ jh r[o{ xo c/ok gkT[Ad/ jB. T[j
(82)
Gh pj[s/ e/tb PoXk tZ; jh iKd/ jB, feT[Afe nZr/ fdb fyutK gq'rokw
sK j[zdk jh BjhA. wksk^fgsk Bkb rJ/ pZu/ sK wkB" nkgD/ nkg B{z p[oh
soQK c;/ wfj;{; eod/ jB. pZfunK dh fdbu;gh dk e/Ado r[od[nko/
ftu eVkj gqPkd jh j[zdk j?, s/ tZfvnK dh fdbu;gh dk e/Ado bzro, s/
p;. i/ ;kv/ gqpzXeK B/ nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A ftu BthA gBhoh B{z r[o{ BkBe ih
d/ uoBK Bkb i'Ve/ oZyDk j? sK T[BQK d/ g;zdhdk gq'rokw r[o{ xoK ftu
ukb{ eoB/ jh g?Dr/. pZfunK d/ y/avD bJh r[o{ xoK d/ Bkb gkoe fsnko
eoB/ jh g?Dr/. eJh soQK dhnK y/vK dk ;wkB Gh oZyDk pDdk j?. f;Zyh
feodko B{z ekfJw ns/ j'o fdbeP YzrK Bkb g/P eoB tkb/ n\pko
o;kb/ wzrtkTD/ Io{oh jB. i/ pZfunK B{z y[Ph d/D tkbk e'Jh ;kwkB r[o{
xo fty/ BjhA j't/rk sK pZu/ fe;/ ehws s/ Xow tkb/ gk;/ BjhA nk ;eDr/
. ehosB, eEk sK tZfvnK B{z Gh xZN jh ;wM nkT[Adh j?, Gbk pZfunK B{z
fet/A ;wM nk ;edh j?. T[BQK d/ wkBf;e gZXo tkb/ gq'rokw fsnko eoB/
nsh Io{oh jB.
gzEe ekoi p/nzs jB, ;/tk dk dkfJok ftPkb j?. f;ZyK e'b g?;/
dh e'Jh E[V BjhA j?. B"itkBK dk \{B pj[s i'Phbk j[zdk j?. i/ fJBQK
B"fBjkbK B{z, :'r ;/X s/ f;Zfynk Bk fdZsh rJh, sK ;kv/ ;kfonK bJh fJj
nksw xks torh rZb j't/rh. o[Irko d/ ;kXB bZGD/ g?Dr/, B"itkBK B{z
;jh ;/X d/D tk;s/ ndko/ y''bQD/ g?Dr/. nkgDh ;G s'A tZvh g{zih (pZfunK)
B{z ;zGkbDk tZfvnk dk gqEw fJybkeh coi j?. fi; ndko/ ftu B"eoh
eoBh j't/, T[; dhnK PosK wzBDhnK jh g?AdhnK jB. e[dosh j? fe
nfij/ EktK s/ B"eoh b?D bJh f;Zyh fsnkrDh g? iKdh j?. jo fJZe
r[od[nkok nkoEe gZy'A ewI'o gzi^gzi pZfunK dh gVQkJh dh fIzw/tkoh
u[Ze/. ewI'o gfotkoK dh :'r ;jkfJsk eo/. i/ ;Zuw[Zu jh gzE dh uVQdh
ebk b'ud/ jK, sK fpnkBK Bkb iK e/tb fceowzdh gqrN eoB Bkb, e[ZM
BjhA ;ztoBk. nwbh s"o s/ e'Jh m'; ekoi eoB/ g?Dr/. e/tb X{znKXko
GkPDk Bkb ws/ gk; eoB Bkb, GhVK fJeZmhnK eo b?D Bkb,
\kb;k wkouK Bkb, i/bQ Go' w'ou/ bk d/D Bkb e[ZM BjhA pDBk.
(83)
;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ nwbh s"o s/ tv/o/ ekoi ehs/. eo'VK B{z f;Zyh wzvb
ftu fbnKdk. Ikbw ;oekoK Bkb bzwhnK izrK bVhnK, wB[Zysk d/ Gb/
tkb/ nDfrDs ekoi ehs/. n;hA ;ko/ ;kXB ns/ PKsh tkb/ ;w/A ftu Gh
iZE/pzde s"o s/ tv/o/ gzEe ekoi BjhA eo ;e/. d{o^nzd/Ph tkbk, gzEe
Gb/ tkbk, e'Jh Gh ekoi T[bheD s'A n;woE jK. wkB' s/bh d/ pbd tKr
;|o sK pj[s ehsk, EZe e/ u{o^u{o j' rJ/ go g[Zi/ fes/ Gh BjhA, wzfIb
dk e'Jh Ej[ gsk BjhA. nZyK s/ nfrnkBsk ns/ \[droih dh w'Nh gZNh
i[ pZMh j'Jh j?. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ uoBK ftu d't/A jZE i'Ve/ p/Bsh j? fe fiBQK
d/ jZE skes p\Ph j?, T[BQK B{z e[ZM gzEe ekoi eoB dh ;{M^p{M ns/
;woZEk p\fPP eoB. wkor ftykb d/D, ;kvk b'e^gqb'e ;[j/bk j'
ikt/rk.
fcfo fcfo ckjh ck;? eT{nk.. fco fcfo gS[skBk np fenk j{nk..
ckEk u' u[r? Bjh p[M?.. ;fsr[o{ fwb? s nkyh ;{M/.. (935)
[[[[
(84)
ikjok eokwksikjok eokwksikjok eokwksikjok eokwksikjok eokwks
n;hA nkw ezw ekih ;z;koh b'e T[gihtek ewkT[D tk;s/, brksko
fwjBs wid{oh eod/ nk oj/ jK. ;kv/ e'b fe;/ dh ;/tk eoB dk tes
BjhA. fe;/ dh dZ[y sebhc ;[D e/ wdd eoB dk ;wK BjhA. eZgV/ bhV/
d/ e/ fe;/ dk sB YeD dk B/e fJokdk BjhA. go i/ e'Jh pj[s tZvh oew
wzr bt/ sK< ;kvk xo i/ e'Jh d;tzX o{g ftu jh b?Dk ukj/ sK ;koh
iwhB i' n"fynK j' e/, eoVh fwjBs eoe/ n;K pDkJh j?, T[jh ;kE'A wzr
bt/ sK ;kv/ wB s/ eh r[io/rh< eh n;hA ngDk ;kok e[M fe;/ j'o d/
jtkb/ eo fdnKr/< go fdb s/ jZE oZye/ fJZe tkoh fco ;'uhJ/ ` i/ e'Jh
;kv/ firo d/ N[eV/ bkvK Bkb gkb/, GftZy dk nk;ok p[Ykg/ dh vzr'oh,
;kv/ g[Zso dh e'Jh e[opkBh wzr bt/ sK ` n;hA rP yk e/ fvr gtKr/.
e[opkBh wzrD tkb/ dh Peb sZe t/yDh g;zd BjhA eoKr/. i/ ;kvk jh
f;o e'Jh b?Dk ukj/ fco sK wkB' ;kv/ bJh gob' jh nk rJh ;wM'. ikB
pVh fgnkoh j?, woB feBko/ fgnk fJB;kB Gh nkyoh ;[nk;K sZe
fizdrh fiT[D dh bkb;k oZydk j?. j[D w[V s'A fgS'eV ftu Mks wkohJ/.
;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ f;ZyK e'b'A i' b?Dk ukfjnk T[jh nogD ehsk frnk.
ykb;/ dh ;zg{oDsk tes d;w gks;kj ji{o B/ j'o pj[s e[M f;Zy ;/teK
s'A doPBh G/N ti'A fbnk, s/ nzs f;o dh nB'yh wzr oZy fdZsh. fJZe d'
fszB HHHHs/ tkoh tkoh gzi B"itkB gzi G{se ;oho dk fiT[D w'j fsnkr
e/ w"s B{z rbteVh gkT[D bJh fsnko yV/ ;B ^
sB[ wB[ XB[ jfo nkr? okfynk..
BkBe ej? wjk o; ukfynk.. (w^1^1242)
ih jK fJj ;h ikjok eokwks.
(85)
pj[s fgZS/ tZb ;[osh fposh b? ikJhJ/ sK gsk brdk j? fe jikoK
;kb gfjbK gZSwh J/Phnk d/ fe;/ n;EkB s'A nkohnB N'b/ TFZ[m/. wko'
wko eod/ spkjh wukT[Ad/ Gkos ftu dkyb j'J/. Gkos dh g[oksB
;ZfGnsk, g[okDk Xow, wB[Zysk dhnK ;G ehwsh :kdK fwZNh ftu fwbk
fdZshnK. BthA nkohnB iK pqkjwDh ;'u jko/ j'J/ ihts b'eK s/ m'; fdZsh
rJh. fszB e[ jiko ;kb gfjbK :[{BkB fBtk;h f;ezdo B/ Gkos s/ Xktk
p'b fdZsk. T[FZsoh Gkos d/ tZv/ fjZ;/ B{z ;kV c{e s/ b[ZN e/ tkg; gos
frnk. bzw/ no;/ sZe nzdo{Bh rVpV ubdh ojh. pqkjwDh ;'u B/ iks
gksh tzvhnK, w{osh g{ik, ntskotkd, shoE oND s/ gfotkfoe fizdrh
d/ fsnkr tor/ ;zebg d/; tk;hnK d/ nzdo m'; fdZs/. s/ b'eh fJZe
T[gokwsk tkbh, ewi'o ifjBhns tkbh, r?o fIzw/tkoh tkbh fIzdrh
fiT[D bZr/. nfij/ jkbks dk ckfJdk T[mkT[D bJh 712 Jh;th ftu fJZe
w[;bwkB XkVth 500 ;kEh b? e/ Gkos ftu nk Xwfenk. fpBk o'e N'e
T[j wjhfBnK pZXh, ;'Bk uKdh jho/ w'sh, o{g s/ i'pB p/y"c j' e/ bZ[Ndk
fojk. T{m yZuoK y's/, ;kwkB Bkb bZde/ wkbk wkb j' e/ tkg; gos
frnk. fe;/ B/ T[; nZr/ nZy u[Ze e/ BK t/fynk.
p; fco eh ;h nop w[beK B{z gsk bZr frnk fe Gkos B{z id'A ih
ukj/ fpBK vo G? s'A b[ZfNnk ik ;edk j?. e/tb 500 vke{ eo'VK s/ Gko{
jB, eo'VK ftu fJzBh i[noZs BjhA fe T[j 500 dk okj o'e ;eD, b[ZfNnk
ik fojk d/P, XhnK dh fJZis puk ;eD. w[jzwd r"oh, wfjw{d rIBth,
pkpo, wzr'b gmkD, r[bkw tz;h, w[rb HHHH. nDfrDs XkVthnK d/P B{z
g?oK j/m wX'fbnk. fe;/ ftu ;kj ;s Bk fojk fe w[ekpbk eo ;e/. ;r'A
ftbed/ w[;{wK B{z SZv e/, iko' iko o'AdhnK pj{ p/NhnK B{z Sv e/, sB d/
eZgV/ sZe fsnkr e/ “Grsh sgZf;nk eoB” gjkVK izrbK dhnK y[ZvK
ftu ik b[e/. “f;X Sfg p?m/ gopsh.” gZSw ftu'A T[FZm/ fJZe' bbeko/ Bkb
;kok Gkos Eo Eo ezpD bZr iKdk ;h.
“fco T[mh nkfyo ;dkn s"jhd eh gzikp ;/.
fjzd e' fJZe wofd ekwb B/ irkfJnk ykp ;/” (fJepkb)
(86)
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih w?dkB ftu fBZso/. T[jBK ngDh eoKshekoh
ftukoXkok B{z ekw:kph Bkb gqukfonk s/ nZr/ N'fonk. r[o{ BkBe fJBebkp
dh f;yobh eVh ;h d;w gks;kj ji{o.
ngDhnK wB dhnK nZyK nZr/ Be;k c?bk bJhJ/ uwe"o ;kfjp dh
eZuh rVh dk. nBzdg[o ;kkfjp fty/ eohp nZm wjhB/ ;fsr[o{ ih B{z
ngDh oZfynk bJh izr bVBh gJh. d;zpo 1705 B{z nBzdg[o Sv e/ ub
gJ/ nDikD/ okjK tZb. ;o;k s/ fco xw;kD dh izr j'Jh, nB/e
PjhdhnK. e'Nbk fBjzr fty/ GZm/ ftu eZgV/ ;[ek e/ ;oho fBZx/ ehs/, i'
gqkgs j'fJnk o[Zyk ;[Zyk Se e/ ik g[i/ eZuh rVh uwe"o ;kfjp ftu.
;fsr[o{ ih. d' tv/ ;kfjpIkd/ s/ gzi fgnko/ HHHHe[b frDsh u[skbh.
pkeh PjhdhnK gk rJ/, e[M wko{ jZfbnK ftu ftZSV rJ/. pkeh pu/ e[M
fpwko jB, G[Zy/ jB, iywh jB, ;ohoe b'VK tkb/ ;kwkB s'A Gh ;ZyD/
jB. izr bVB tk;s/ pV/ ;kXkoD fij/ jfEnko jB. g/N g{osh tk;s/
o;d dh nDj'Ad j?. x'V/ ;kfonK e'b Bjh jB, i' jB G[Zy Bkb ewi'o
j' u[e/ jB. pkjo'A e'Jh ;jkfJsk nkT[D dh nk; BjhA. d[PwD dk
pfxnkV db B'u ykD tk;s/ XkJh eodk nk fojk j?. fgzvK dhnK
w[;bwkB tkjoK B/, EK EK ;fsr[o{ ih B{z nZr/ tXD s'A o'e gkJh. go
;fsr[o{ d/ bkvb/ wB eoe/ g{oh uVQdh ebk ftu jB. fJ; bk;kBh fdqP
B{z :'rh nZbk :ko yK fJT[A fpnkB eodk j? ^
“fi; dw j{J/ uwe"o w/A f;zx'A e/ T[sko/.
M[bkJ/ j{J/ P/o E/ ;G r?i e/ wko/.
nKy' ;/ fBeb oj/ E/ db/o'A e/ Poko/.
;fsr[o e/ f;tk n"o rIpBke E/ ;ko/.
efjs/ E/ fJikis Bjh j? jw/ oD eh.
fwZNh sZe T[Vk ;es/ j?A d[;wD e/ uwB eh”.
fJj e'Jh wip{s febk Bjh ;h. e/tb fJZe uzr/ fiwhAdko dk pkjo
tkbk y[Zbk xo ;h. fi; B{z d[nkb/ ezX eoe/ trfbnk j'fJnk ;h. e[M
ewfonK s'A fJbktk fJZe S'Nk fijk u[pkok Gh ;h. p; fJjh ;h ;fsr[o{
(87)
ih bJh w'ou/pzdh dk ;kwkB. s/ pkjo nDfrDs c"iK, efjzd/ ejkT[Ad/
siop/ eko ykBdkBh bVke{ ioB?b. ykD ghD dh e'Jh s'N BjhA. izrh
;kwkB n;bk pko{d d/ nEkj Gzvko w"i{d jB. je{ws tZb'A jo ;w/A j'o
;jkfJsk g[Zi ojh j?. fgzvK ftu'A b[ZN wko eoe/ c"i nkgDhnK b'VK dh
g{osh ;fji/ jh eo ;edh j?. jkEh, x'V/, s'gykBk, izp{o/, ofjeb/, sho
sbtko HHHJ/Phnk dh tZvh skes dk skidko n"ozri/p fi; dh ;ogq;sh
eo fojk ;h. w[ekpbk nkN/ ns/ b{D fizBk Gh BjhA. go ;fsr[o{ ih
jfEnko ;[ZN e/ jko wzBD bJh edkg fsnko BjhA. f;ZyK d/ j";b/ p[bzd
jB. ;kfjpIkd/ izr ftu e[Zd g?D bJh T[sktb/ jB.
fi; fdB s'A ;fsr[o{ ih r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh rZdh s/ fpokiwkB
j'J/ jB, gkgh N'fbnK B/ ;dk jh w[PebK yVhnK ehshnK. gfjbK fgsk
ih dh Pjhdh. GzrkDh dk izr, Bkd"D dk izr. uwe"o fty/ jh fJZe
gfjbK j'Jh izr. nBzdg[o fty/ eJh izrK. wksk ih s/ S'N/ bkbK dk
ftS'Vk. ;fseko:'r wksktK dk e'Jh Ej[ gsk Bjh s/ nZi fco BtK y{Bh
fJwfsjkB. eth nZbk :ko yK :'rh dh IpkBh ^
fe; ;po ;/ jo J/e eVh s{B/ T[mkJh.
fe; ;po ;/ jo u'N eb/i/ g/ j? ykJh.
tkbd e' eNkfJnk eGh n"bkd eNkJh.
eh fceo w/ cke'A w/A jiko'A ;/ bVkJh.
fi; oD w/ bVk p/;o' ;kwkB bVk s{z.
;" f;zx bhJ/ bky'A g/ ik gVk s{z.
ft;Eko G? ekoD fJ; nB'yh izr dk ;kok jkb fbyDk ;zGt BjhA
j?. e'Jh nZm f;zxK dk iEk ;kXkoD fij/ jfEnkoK Bkb fsnko j' e/ bZyK
d[;wDK Bkb w[ekpb/ tk;s/ rVQh ftu'A i?eko/ rikT[Adk pkjo nkT[Adk j?,
pj[s ;ko/ gkwoK B{z ;dk dh BhAd ;[bk e/ y[d Pjhd j' iKdk j?. fco gzi
f;ZyK dk iEk ;/oK tKr roidk p/y"c pkjo fBebdk j?. bkPK d/ ;ZEo
ftSk e/ y[d b/y/ bZr iKdk j?. fJZe j'o iEk fsnko j' e/ N[oB brk sK
fJjBK bJh x'V/ BjhA jB. fJj g?db jh p'b/ ;' fBjkb d/ i?eko/ rikT[Ad/
(88)
d[PwD s/ ik gJ/. ;fsr[o{ ih i'Phb/ i?ekfonK Bkb, ns/ P{ed/ nu[Ze
shoK Bkb, fJjBK iK pkiK dh ;jkfJsk eod/ oj/. nmZsh P{ow/ f;zx d'
tZv/ pjkdo ;kfjpIkd/^ pkpk nihs f;zx, pkpk i[Mko f;zx, fJ; “f;ZyK
dh eopbK” ftu Pjhdh gk rJ/. oks ;w/A ;fsr[o{ ih fszB f;ZyK ;w/s
pu e/ ;jh ;bkws pkjo ub/ rJ/.
j[D d[pkok T[j Be;k nZyK nZr/ fbnkU. w[jzwd fpB ek;w 712
Jh;th ftu 500 XkVthnk Bkb, eo'VK fjdtk;hnK B{z b[ZN e/ fpBk vo G?,
;jh ;bkws tkg; ubk frnk ;h. fjzd dh b[ZN dk okj gZXok eo frnk
;h. fJ; uwe"o dh izr ftu pkjo bZyK c"iK tZb'A gkfJnk frnk x/ok,
wko{ jfEnko, tZvh je{ws HHHH. d{i/ gk;/ iywh, fpwko, G[Zy/ fgnk;/,
EZe/ j'J/, fpBk izrh ;kwkB s'A e/tb 43 f;zx ;{ow/ ns/ ;fsr[o{ ih. r[o{
BkBe ;kfjp dh p/i'V T[FZsw ftukoXkok B/ wB[Zysk ftu i' eoKshekoh
gbNk fbnKdk, fJj T[;dk gosZy fJwfsjkB ;h. pkjo v/ok iwkJh p?m/
y{zyko d[PwD B/, ikB pyP d/D d/ bkbu ;[ZN/. tZv/ nj[d/ d/D dhnK
g/;e;K ehshnK. s;hj/ d/ e/ sVck sVck, esb eo d/D dhnK GpehnK
Gh SZvhnK. go r[o{ e/ to';kJ/ fjwkbk gops tKr nv'b vN/ oj/.
fJjBK ;GBK ftu'A e'Jh fJZe Gh ngD/ nehd/ s'A BK fEVfenk BK v'fbnk.
b'eh fBZehnK s/ wkw{bh eokwksK dh v"Avh fgZNd/ ofjzd/ jB. ;kXK pkfpnK
nZr/ BZe orVd/ jB, ny/ fJ; pkpk ih B/ nw eh Yw eh eokwks ftyk
fdZsh. n;hA ehfVnK tKr iwhB s/ ohAr e/ uZbD tkb/ b'e, p/i'V eokwksK
B{z t/yD s'A n;woE oj/ jK. e/tb 500 XkVth byK eo'VK B{z g?oK j/m
fbskV e/ ;[ZN iKd/ ;B, go fJj uwe"o dh izr rtkj j?, bZyK dfozd/ ob
e/ Gh ukbhnK s'A jfEnko BK ;[Ntk ;e/ JhB BK wBtk ;e/. wB[Zysk d/
;'uD Yzr ftu, pkj{ pb ftu, ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[j skes Go fdZsh, d[BhnK
B/ w{zj ftu T[rbK gk bJhnK. d[PwDK B/ Gh s'pk ehsh. edh ;'funk Gh
BjhA ;h fe fJB;kB r[o{ dh f;Zfynk b? e/, fJzBk fBoG? :'Xk th pD ;edk
j?. bZyK Bkb ;kjt/A wZE/ bV ;edk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ fJZe fJPko/ s'A
Xow :Z[X d/ ukn ftu, ;oho b/y/ bkT[Dk y[;fe;wsh ;wM ;edk j?.
(89)
fJ; bk;kBh ikjok eokwks B{z jkbh pj[^frDsh b'eK ;wfMnk Bjh,
fBZehnK eokwksK ftu jh nNe rJ/. fJZe eth s'A ;[D'.
s/ok f;zx ;[w/o dk o{g Xoe/, fiZE/ yVk j'fJnk T[E'A jZfbnk Bk.
s/oh fuVh B/ pkiK B[z{ tys gkJ/, w;s jkEhnK dk ukok uZfbnk Bk.
s/oh s/r B/ fiBQK B{z fgT[Ad bkJh, p{jk w"s dk T[jBK B/ wZfbnk Bk.
Nb rJh iwkB/ dh eko ;koh s/ok sho fBPkfBUA NZfbnk Bk.
s/o/ f;zxK B/ ;dk bJh pzd ehs/ uVQe/ ekp[b ezXko s'A nkT[D tkb/.
s?E'A gfjbK BjhA iZr s/ ;[D/ t/y/ g[Zso tko e/ P[eo wBkT[D tkb/.
ih jK fJjh ;h ikjok eokwks.
nZbk :ko yK :'rh ih dhnK fJ; goEkJ/ e[M gzeshnK gV' ^
f:j t'j ik j? ijK ukbh; sB ;ajhd j[J/.
fyskp/ ;otoh f;zx' B/ ;o eNk e/ bhJ/.
fdbkJh gzE e' ;opkihUA ;/ f;odkoh,
pokfJ e"w f:j o[sp/ bj{ pjk e/ bhJ/.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
p; J/e fjzdw/A shoE j? :ksok e/ bhJ/.
eNkJ/ pkg B/ pZu/ ijK y[dk e/ bhJ/.
uwe j? fwjo eh uwe"o s/o/ Io'A w/A,
:jhA ;/ pBe/ f;sko/ rJ/ nk;wK e/ bhJ/.
[[[[
(90)
r[opkDh ftu g"okDe eEktKr[opkDh ftu g"okDe eEktKr[opkDh ftu g"okDe eEktKr[opkDh ftu g"okDe eEktKr[opkDh ftu g"okDe eEktK
f;Zy gzE nekbh pkDh, X[o eh pkDh B{z “Ppd o{g ftu” fIzdrh dk
;'wk,“r[o{” ;theko eodk nk fojk j?. fJj' j[ew ;fsr[{o ;kfjp ih dk
j?. wB nzdo tkfjd gqw/Po tZb'A nkt/; j'Jh pkDh B{z wB[Zysk d/ efbnkD
fjZs, nro ;KGDk j't/ sK fJ;B{z nZyoK dk o{g d/Dk gt/rk. nZyo Gh T[j
fbyD/ j[zd/ jB, fiBQK okjhA fbyh rJh ftuko, pj[s/ b'eK B{z ;"fynK ;wM
nkT[Adh oj/. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp gzikp ftu gqrN/, tZv/ j'J/ gqtkB uVQ/.
e[dosh ;h fe T[jBK dh wK p'bh gzikph jh j't/. fi; tksktoB ns/ iB
;w{j ftu wB[Zy pj[sk ;wK fpskT[Adk j?, T[;dh pDso, feZsk, Xow, oki
;wki ftu ofjzfdnK pkohehnK B{z Gbh GKs ;wM ;edk j?. r[o{ ;kfjp
ih B/ nkgD/ ftuko gqrN eoB s'A gfjbK ;ko/ gqubs XowK dk rfjokJh
Bkb nfXn?B ehsk. fJ;/ ekoB T[jBK dh ouBk ftu'A ;[Zs/^f;ZX g[oksB
gqubs eEktK d/ jtkb/ nkw fwb iKd/ jB. ;fsr[o[{ ih d/ ftuko
eoKshekoh ;B BthB ;B, go b'ehA sK T[j ;B i' ;dhnK s'A fJZe' ;zu/
ftu Yb/ (pqkjwDh ftuko) ihtB fiT[ oj/ ;B, s/ p[oh soQK wkBf;e yV's
dk fPeko j' u[Ze/ ;B. ftukoK dk g"dk sK BtK ;h, go fwZNh jtk gkDh
sK T[jh g[okD/ ;B. nfijh i[rs ngDkT[Dh ntZPe ;h, fe fJj BtK
bkfJnk ftukoK dk p{Nk, w[oMk Bk ikt/, ;[Ze Bk ikt/, ;r'A s/Ih Bkb tX/
c[Zb/. ;z;koh iht fJ; o[Zy dh mzYh SK wkBD, fwZm/ cb yktD.
oZph B{o, frnkB d/ ;kro, eoKshekoh, fBoG? :'X/, wjkB goT[gekoh
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ nekb g[oy tZb'A nbjkwh (X[o eh pkDh)
ftukoK B{z ;"yh p'bh ftu iB ;w{zj sZe g[ukD tk;s/ nB/e Yzr tos/.
id'A y/sh eoB tkb/ fe;kBK B{z ;zp'XB j'fJ sK c[owkfJnk^
(91)
“wB[ jkbh feo;kDh eoDh, ;ow[ gkDh sB[ y/s[”.. (595)
fJ; pzd ftu fe;kBh feZs/ Bkb ;pzXs, T[dkjoDK fdZshnK rJhnK
jB. nZr/ pqkjwD B{z T[;dh o'IkBk ihtB fefonk ftu'A gowkD d/ e/
;wMk oj/ jB^
“;kb rqkw fpg g{fi wBktj[, ;[feqs s[b;h wkbk”.. (1171)
id'A i'rhnK Bkb ftuko uouk eod/ jB sd'A T[jBK dh p'bh tosd/
jB^“w[zdk ;zs'y[ ;ow[ gs[ M'bh fXnkB eh eofj fpG{fs”.(ig[) T[FZgo
tofDs r[opkDh N{eK e/tb T[dkjoDK wJh yk; ftP/ t;s{ tkbh ;fEsh
ftu T[ukoB ehshnk rJhnK jB sK fe ;pzXs ftnesh, iZE/pzdh iK
;wki B{z T[;/ dh p'bh ftu T[gd/P fdZsk ik ;e/. fJzB fpzB fJ;/ soK jh
r[opkDh ftu g"okfDe eEktK d/ jtkb/ fdZs/ rJ/ jB. fJj eEktK fjzd{
;wki ftu pj[s gqubs ;B. fJjBK dh bzwh ftnkfynk dh Io{os BjhA
;h. fJjBK d/ okjhA ;fsr[o{ ih B/, fjzd{ iB ;w{zj B{z nkgDh rZb ;"fynK
jh ;wMk fdZsh^ c[owkB t/y'^
joJ/ Bw;s/ joJ/ Bwj.. jfo jfo eos BjhA d[y[ iwj.. ojkT[..
jfo joBky; jo/ gokB.. ni?wb ehU p?e[zmfj EkB..
;{nk gVkts rfBek soh.. ;' jfo B?Bj[ eh g{soh..
jfo jfo eos g{sBk soh.. pkb xksBh egNfj Goh..
f;woB dq'gd ;[s T[Xoh.. rT{sw ;sh f;bk fB;soh..
e/;h ez; wEB[ fifB ehnk.. ihn dkB[ ekbh eT[ dhnk..
gqDt? Bkwk n?;' joh.. ik;[ igs G? ngdk Noh.. (874)
fJjBK jtkfbnK okjhA Bkwd/t ih ;wMkT[Ad/ jB, fe j/ GkJh ` i/
s[;hA fJj ;theko eod/ j' fe joh Bkw igfdnK, fB;skok j' ikfJnk
eodk j?, sK fco nZi Gh T[; gqw/Po B{z :kd ftu t;kU. w/oh Bkwd/t
dh d[fpXk nkfd T[; d/ f;woB ehfsnK d{o j' rJh j?. T[FZgo fdZs/ jtkb/
e/tb ;wMkT[D fjZs jB, fJj gkso Xosh T[go edh gqrN j'J/ Gh jB
fe BjhA e'Jh BjhA ikDdk. fit/A fJj ejkDhnK gquZbs jB, fJ; soQK
tkgoBhnK Bk w[wfeB jB. fco ;fsr[o{ ih B/ sK pkDh ftZu gP{nK
(92)
gzShnK d/ jtkb/ Gh fdZs/ jB. eh ;fsr[o{ ih ikBtoK bJh T[gd/P eoB
nkJ/ ;B< tke jB^
“ s{z ;[fD joDk ekfbnk eh tkVhJ/ oksk okw.. (437)
ekbh e'fJb s{z fes r[B ekbh.. (794)
dkdo, (vZv{) s{z epfj B ikBf; o/.. (990)
Gtok c{fb Gtzfsnk d[y[ nfs Gkoh okw.. (438)
wS[bh ftS[Bh, B?D o[zBh, ikb[ pfXe gkfJnk.. (438)
fwm? wy[ w[nk, feT[ bJ/ T[vkoh..
j;sh rofs GfJnk, feT[A sohn? skoh..” (460)
;fsr[o{ ih d/ gktB T[gd/P wB[Zy wkso d/ efbnkD bJh jB, BK
fe gP{nK gzShnK bJh. ikBtoK e'b wB[Zyh p'bh B{z ;wMD dh ;{M BjhA
j[zdh. s'sk nkfde wB[Zy d/ f;ykJ/ e[M ;hws fij/ tke jh p'b ;edk j?,
finkdk BjhA. T[;B{z p'b/ rJ/ tkeK d/ noEK pko/ e'Jh ;{M BjhA j[zdh.
Iok ;'u'. nro nZi edh r[odtko/ ;zrs ftu eK e[Zs/, T{m, jkEh, x'V/,
fjoB, vZv{, wZShnK nzdo nk ikD sK fJB;kB T[E/ p?m ;eDr/< fJj
ikBto y[d uzrh soQK pzBQD s'A fpBK, fNe e/ p?m ;eDr/< ikBtoK tkbh
EK B{z r[odtkok nky ;eKr/< eh nfij/ EktK ftu r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk
gqek; ehsk ik ;edk j?< itkp j't/rk, jofrI BjhA.
fJjBK eEK ejkDhnK B{z fjzd{ ;wki ftu gfVnk fbfynk u/szB
tor y[d wzBD s'A fJBekoh j?. fi; soQK d/ gokG"fse tosko/ g/P eod/
gkso fJjBK eEktK ftu BIo nkT[Ad/ jB, T[j fe;/ ;{os ftu nwbh
ihtB nzdo BjhA xN ;ed/. fi; ;ZfGnsk ftu ;fsr[o{ ih ftuo/ T[;
d/ nkb/ d[nkfbU T[jBK B/ jh gowkD BjhA fdZs/ ;r'A d[BhnK ftu jo
ftnesh, eth, ;kfjseko, fJt/A jh eodk j?. jo wB[Zy fJ;/ soQK
nkgDh p'bukb ftu jo o'i, nykD, w[jkto/, b'e'eshnK, gqfeosh
tosko/ nkfd dh y[Zbh tos'A eodk j?. fJ; ftu e'Jh d'P BjhA j?, pZ;
fJ; B{z ;wMD dh e'fPP eoBh j? fe fJjBK dh tos'A feBK noEK ftu
ehsh rJh j?. Gkos d/ fJ; fyZs/ gzikp ftu, gghj/ dk ufjeDk, e'fJbK
(93)
dk rkT[Dk, vZv{nK dh rV?A^rV?A, w'oK dh o[D M[D, skfonK dk fNwfNwkT[Dk,
o[ZsK dk pdbDkHHHHH fezBk ;[zdo ;zrhse wkj"b g?dk eodk j?. fJjBK
;ze/sK dk r[opkDh ftu nDfrDs tkoh jtkbk fdZsk frnk j?. :'oghB
w[beK tkfbnK B{z, fJjBK f;zpbK dh ;wM BjhA nk ;edh. T[E/ Bk e'fJbK
jB Bk vZv{, BK uzd sko/ fd;d/ jB Bk nzfwqs t/bk. BK pko; dk ukT[, BK
w'ok dhnK g?bK jB, fJ;/ bJh fbysK ftu Gh BjhA jB. gzikp d/
pfPzfdnK B{z fJjBK dh ftnkfynk eoe/ ;wMkT[D dh b'V BjhA, ;[Zs/^f;ZX
;wM nk iKd/ jB.
pqkjwDh rzqEK ftu gkoiks, ebg o[Zy, gko; tZNh, ekwX/B dk
fieo pj[s EkJhA fwbdk j?. fJj uhiK nkw Gkosh b'eK dh ipkB s/
y/YdhnK t/yhnK ik ;edhnK jB. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJjBK dh pj[s EkJhA
tos'A ehsh j?, gVQ e/ fJT[A gqshs j'D bZr g?Adk j? fe PkfJd fJj e'Jh
tk;sfte uhiK j'DrhnK. n;bhns fJj j? fe fJjBK dh feXo/ j'Ad
BjhA j?, e/tb ebgBk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJjBK dh tos'A pkDh ftu eJh
EkJhA ehsh j?, b/feB y[d jh ;wMk Gh fdZsk j? fe n;b ftu gqwkswk s/
T[;dk Bkw jh gkoiks, gko; wDh iK ekwX/B j?. fJ; goEkJ/ r[opkDh
gowkD t/y'^
r[o[ shoE[, r[[o[ gkoiks[” r[[o[ wB;k g{oDjko[.. (52)
“gkoiks[” xfo nKrfB w/o? g[jg gsq ss vkbk.. (503)
GkJh o/, ;zs iBk eh o/D[..
;zs ;Gk r[[o[ gkJhn?, w[efs gdkoE[ “X/D[”.. (18)
“gkoiks[” fJj[ jfo e' Bkw..
“ekwX/B” jfo jfo r[D rkw.. (265)
fpoy izfwU j? “gkoiks”.. c{b bZr/ cb osB GKfs.. (1180)
T[Zgo fby/ r[opkDh tkeK ftu ekwX/B nkfd B{z fBo;ze'u tofsnk
frnk j?. j{pj{ ;theko Bk eoe/ Bt/A noEK ftu tos'A ehsh rJh j?.
;fsr[o{ ns/ gqw/;o dk Bkw jh ekwX/B gkoiks j?, j'o e'Jh uhI BjhA j?.
fJ;/ ;'jD/ nzdkI ftu nkgDh fizdrh d/ ;'w/, tkfjr[o{$ ;fsr[o{
pko/ Gh f;zpbK d[nkok ;wMkT[D dk isB ehsk frnk j?. fiBK t;sK dh
(94)
;kvh fizdrh ftu nkw tos'A j?, T[jBK d/ gqwkD tos/ jB. r[o c[owkB
t/y'^
r[o[ gT[Vh, p/Vh r[o{, r[o[ s[bjk, jfo BkT[A..
r[o[ ;o[ ;kro[, p'fjE', r[[o[ shoE[, dohnkT[.. (17)
r[o[ dksk, r[o[ fjt? xo[, r[o[ dhge, fsj b'fJ.. (137)
r[od/t shoE[ nzfwqs[ ;o'to[ r[o frnkB[ wiB[ ngzqgok..(250)
nZr'A n;hA gqwkswk d/ e[M BktK pko/ ftuko eo oj/ jK. n;b sZs ;ko
sK fJj j? T[j nBkwh j?, sK T[; dk Bkw fet/A oZfynk ik ;edk j?<
f;q;Nh pDh B{z nopK ;kb r[io u[Ze/ jB, oZp ih T[;s'A Gh gfjbK d/ jB.
fco wB[Zy dh eh gkfJnk j? fe T[; dk Bkw eoD eo/. n;b ftu T[;dk
e'Jh Bkw BjhA j?. i' Bkw n;hA oZy/ j'J/ jB, T[j iK s/ ftP/PDh jB, iK
feosw jB. Gkt gqwkswk d/ r[DK ns/ ezwK s/ nXkos Bkw jB.
fJ;kJh, w[;bwkBK nkgD/ sohe/, :j{dh, gko;h, p[ZX, i?B, fjzd{, f;Zy,
;kfonK tZb'A, nkgDh fJZSk w[skpe, BkweoD ehsk frnk j?. ;fsr[o{
noiD ;kfjp oZp d/, fjzd{ w[;bwkBK tkb/ nB/eK Bkw fbye/, nzs ftu
c?;bk ;[Dk fdzd/ jB fe T[;dk e'Jh Bkw BjhA j?. p; T[j ;ukJh dk
w[iZ;wk j?, ;s j?, ;s Bkw j?. tke jB^
nu[s gkopqjw gow/;o nzsikwh.. wX[;{dB dkw'dq ;[nkwh..
foyh e/; r'toXB Xkoh w[obh wB'jo jfo ozrk.. HHHHHHHHHHHHH
feosw Bkw eE/ s//o/ fijpk.. ;fsBkw[ s/ok gok g{opbk..
ej[ BkBe Grs gJ/ ;oDkJh d/j[ do;[ wfB ozr[ brk..(1083)
fJ; bzw/ Ppd ftu fJZe ;" s'A tZX BktK dk fIeo j?, nzs ftu
;fsr[o{ ih c[owkB eo oj/ jB, fe s/ok e'Jh Bkw BjhA. “;fs Bkw” s{z
;s j?A, ;ukJh s/ nXkos j?HHHHHHHHHH s/ p;.
fJ;/ soQK fjzd{ d/tfsnK Bkb i'VhnK gokG"se ejkDhnK s'A goGkts
j' e/ f;Zy b/yeK B/ Gh T[j eokwksh ejkDhnK r[o{ ;kfjpkB Bkb i'V
fdZshnK jB. Gkt/A fJjBK eEktK okjhA b/ye ;fsr[o{ ih B{z wjkB PeshPkbh
ftykDk ukj[zd/ jB. go fJ; soQK ehfsnK fizdrh dh n;bhns r[zw iKdh
j?. g"okDe eEk w[skpe jB{wkB ;{oi B{z w{zj ftu gk e/ fBrb iKdk j?.
(95)
fjwkbk gops B{z u[Ze fbiKdk j?. nr;s w[Bh fe;/ rZb'A Boki j' e/ ;ko/
;w[zdoK dk gkDh gh iKdk j?. id'A fdb ehsk fgPkp okjhA pkjo eZY fdzdk
j?. okyP ns/ d/ts/ (ny"sh) ;w[zdo foVeD bJh fJeZm/ j'J/. pkPe
Bkr dk B/sok pDkfJnk. fjwkbk gops B{z wXkDh pDkfJnk. eZS{e[zw/ dh
y'goh s/ fNekfJnk frnk. fco ;w[zdo ftu'A u"dk osB eZY/ rJ/. e[M
okyP Xosh B{z u[Ze e/ BZ; rJ/, d/tfsnK tkg; fbnKdh. fJjBK gksoK
d/ r?o e[dosh sohe/ iBw ns/ r?o e[dosh ezw, nkw gVQB ;[DB B{z
fwbd/ jB. i/ eokwks okjhA ;fsr[o[{ ih B{z tZvk eoB dh e'fPP ehsh
ikt/rh sK fJjBK d/ ny"sh wjKg[oyK Bkb'A r[o{ ih B{z eJh r[Dk tZvhnK
eokwksK eod/ ftykT[Dk gt/rk. fJjBK GktBktK nXhB jh f;Zy ;/teK
tZb'A ;fsr[o{ ih dhnK ;kyhnK ftu eokwksh nzP dkyb eo fdZsk frnk
j?. i/ eokwksK Bkb ftrV/ ekoi j' ;ed/ j[zd/ sK ;fsr[o{ ih B{z emB
fwjBs eoB dh eh b'V ;h< ;fsr[o{ ih d/ T[gekoK B{z iB ;w{zj dh
fizdrh d/ B/V/ ofjD fdZsk ikt/. toBk fjzd{ d/tfsnK tkbh jkbs ;fsr[o{
dh j' ikt/rh. e/tb g{iDi'r t;s{ HHHHHHHHHHH sZs;ko ysw j' ikt/rk.
fJ;/ goEkJ/ GkJh r[odk; nkgdhnK tkoK ftu fJZe EK ;wMkT[Ad/
jB ^
1H ;fsr[o[ g{ok ;kj j? fsqGtD ir[ fs;dk tDikok..HHHH
gkfoiks by pkr ftfu, ekwX/D[ d/ tr jikoK..
bywhnK by r'bhnK, gko; d/ gops[ ngkok..
by nzfwqs by fJdq b?, j[fJ ;e? fSVefB dopkok..
;{oi uzd uokr by, fofX f;fX fBfX E'jb nzpkok..tko^26^22
2H fBjub ;uk sys[ nfpub oki B jb? jfbnk..
;u ;pd[ r[fo ;T[fgnk ;u Ne;kbj[ f;ek ufbnk..
f;X BkE ntsko ;G jE i'fV e? j'fJnk yfbnk..
;uk j[ew[ ;[ nNb[ B Nfbnk.. tko^24^8
[[[[
(96)
Boe ;[or eh j?<Boe ;[or eh j?<Boe ;[or eh j?<Boe ;[or eh j?<Boe ;[or eh j?<
wBZ[ysk d/ ;Zu/ ofjpo, wjkB goT[gekoh, Gow Bk;e, ;Zu eh
pkDh T[ukoB eoB tkb/ ;ko/ pzXBK s'A wB[Zysk B{z w[es eo d/D dh i[rsh
ikBD tkb/, ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ nekbh pkDh d[nkok ;Zu Xow dk
T[gd/P fdZsk. ;fsr[o{ ih dh fweBk sh;h ;y;hns d[nkok b'ehA Gow
ikb ftu'A XVkXV fBebD bZr/. fiBQK b[N/fonK B/ Xow dk u'bk gfjB e/,
Xow dh nkV ftu, G'b/ Gkb/ ftneshnK B{z ;dhnK s'A b[ZfNnk sK j? jh
;h, ;r'A frnkB, ftfdnk jk;b eoe/ nZr/ tXD s'A ;ko/ gkg eoe/ Gh
o'fenk. T[j fet/A podkPs eo b?Ad/, fe jo fJB;kB ngDh j'Dh dk
wkbe y[d pD ikt/< r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh pkDh gVQe/ gow/Po Bkb f;ZXk
okpsk ekfJw eo bt/ < i/ fes/ fJjBK e'jb{ d/ pbd pD/ b'eK dhnK
nZyK s'A, nfrnBsk dh gZNh T[so rJh, sK fJj ;kvh r[bkwh eoBh Gh
pzd eo d/Dr/. sK s/ PkfJd i[zw/tkohnK dk e'jb{ fes/ ;kB{z jh fyZuDk Bk
g? ikt/. ngDh n?P gq;sh ekfJw oZyD bJh, w[csy'o/ ukbke b'eK B/,
fJB;kB B{z r[bkwh ftu ieVB bJh, T[; B{z y"cIdk eoe/, y{B g;hB/
tkbh ewkJh jVZg eo bJh, nDfrDs spkje[zB sohe/ j'Ad ftu fbnKd/.
fJjBK Bk:kp B[yf;nK ftu'A fJZe, eo{osk dh f;yo, “Boe ;[or” dh
ebgBk Gh ;h.
g"okDe eEk ejkDhnK ftu, fi; ;[or dh wBw'je ;[zdosk
fpnkB ehsh rJh j?, T[; dk ;zy/g ;ko fJ; soQK j? gfjb'A sK fJj gsk
j't/ fe fjzd{ rqzEK ftubk ;[or, fjwkbk dhnK u'NhnK s/ ;fEs j?.
bZS/dko Ppdktbh ftu fbfynk frnk j?, fe fe;/ T[u/ wzvb ftu fJZe
nkbhPkB irQk j?. T[; ftu dkyb j'D bJh pj[s emB gqhfynK B{z
(97)
;cbsk ;fjs gko eoBk g?Adk j?. T[E/ g[ZiD s'A gfjbK fIzdrh ftu ehs/
dkB g[zB dk b/yk i'yk oZp d/ fj;kpdkB “fuZso r[gs” fog'N g/P eod/
jB. fog'N gVQB s'A pkd Xowoki ;pzXs gqkDh B{z ;[or ftu dkyb j'D
dh fJIkis sK d/ fdzdk j?, go Bkb jh ofjD dh ;wK ;hwk fBPfus eo
fdzdk j?. ny/ wB[Zy d/ ehs/ dkB g[zB d/ tZN/ ftu fJZe fdB, fJZe wjhBk,
fJZe ;kb, iK tZX xZN dh gqtkBrh fwbdh j?. fwE/ ;w/A s'A pkd wB[Zy B{z
;[or ftu'A eZY fdZsk iKdk j?. ebgs ;[or b'e ftu, e'Jh ftnesh
T[gihtek bJh ezw BjhA eodk. fJZe' T[FZsw ezw j?, n:kPh, ftbk;sk,
n?P gq;sh. feT[Afe ;[or dk okik fJzdo d/t f;o/ dk ftbk;h do;kfJnk
j?. fJzdo d/ f;zxk;B B{z nsh y{p;{os d;fdnK fpnkB ehsk frnk j? fe
fJE/ fpokiwkB, fJzdo d[nkb/ wBw'je ;ki tid/ jB. fJso c[b/b d/
c[jko/ uZb oj/ jB. nXBzrhnk y{p;{os n"osK (gohnK) fJzdo d[nkb/
M[owN gkJh oZydhnK jB. Bku ebk ftu gqphB ngSoktK, ftbk;sk
tkb/ jktGkt eodhnK, nZXeZi/ rdokJ/ i'pB ftu w;s, eb'bK eodhnK
EZedhnK jh BjhA. fJzdo d/t ns/ j'o ;zrh d/thnK d/ts/, eJh eJh xV/
Pokp (;'wo;) d/ gh iKd/ jB. fi; B{z pDkT[D dh ftXh d/tfsnK d/ ;/te
jh ikDd/ jB, i' pj[s jh y{Pp{dko ns/ nBzds eoB tkbh j?. Pokp d/
Bkb ykD tk;s/ d/tfsnK d/ wB GkT[Adh t;s{ j?, rktK pbdK dk nB/e
gqeko dk fsnko ehsk frnk ;[nkdbk wk;. oZie/ veko wkoB s'A pkd
fco d/thnK d/ts/ i{nk Gh y/vd/ jB. Xowoki (<) dk g[Zso :[fXPNo
wjKGkos eEk ftu i{nk y/vdk do;kfJnk j?, fi; ftu oki Gkr, s/
;w/s gsBh d'qgdh d/, ;G e[M jko iKdk j?. T[FZgo tofDs wBw'je
BIko/ B{z wfj;{; eoe/ jh wB nzdo MoBkNK c[ZND brdhnK jB. ;[or
d/ BIko/ gVQ ;[De/, jo fJZe fJB;kB dk wB fe;/ Gh ehws s/, fJ; ;[or
ftu gj[zuD bJh ftnke[b j' iKdk j?. pj[sh ehws T[sko e/ Xosh s/ pD/
nfij/ ;[or (Bku xo gZp ebZp) dk ;[y b'ehA wkDB dk isB Gh eod/ jB.
nfijk ;[jktDk ;[or gqkgs eoBk e'Jh ;"yh y/v BjhA j?. i/ jo
n?o/ r?o/ dh gjz[u T[E/ j' rJh, fco T[j ;[or fet/A ofj ;e/rk< fJ;
(98)
;[gfBnK dh y{p;{os d[BhnK ftu g[ZiD tk;s/ dkB gqw[y ;kXB gqukfonk
frnk. rohpK e'b dkB eoB bJh XB gdkoE sK e'Jh j[zdk BjhA, fco
T[j dkB fe; t;s{ dk eo/< xpokT[D dh Io{os BjhA j?, T[j ngDh
itkB ns/ ;'jDh gsBh B{z, rfjD/ egV/ Bkb ;ik ;ztko e/, fsnko eoe/
fwZE/ fdB Xow wzdo (<) ftu g[Zi e/ ngDh noXnzrh (ihtB ;kED) B{z
pqkjwD g[ikoh d/ nogD eo d/t/. Bkb :Ek Pes ;'Bk uKdh, p;so
nBki Gh ftXh g{ote dkB eo/. nfijk wjKdkB ehfsnK ;[or dh
fJZSk oZyD tkb/ b'eK dh ;{uh ftu, gqkDh dk Bkw fby fbnk iKdk j?.
;kfJd Bzpo bZr jh ikt/. ngDh pkoK ;kb s'A xZN T[wo dh p/Nh (ezfBnK
dkB fJ;/ gkg eow ftu'A gorN j'fJnk j?) Gh pqkjwD g[ikoh B{z nogD
ehsh ik ;edh j?. d/t dk;hnK, okw iDhnK, i'rDhnK, fJ;/ gqEk dk
fJZe e'Mk o{g jB.
i' b'e fJ; soQK d/ dkB BjhA eo ;eDr/ T[jBK bJh ;[or
ftu g[ZiD dk okj nsh fpyVk s/ em'o j?. i/ T[j ;[or dh fJZSk oZyd/
jB, sK eJh iBwK sZe tos oZyD/, shoE fJPBkB eoB/, ;kX{nK pqkjwDK
dh g{oh sB d/jh Bkb jo sok ;/tk eoBh. X{DhnK skgDhnK, ibXko/
eoB/, ubhj/ eZND/, w'BXko b?Dk, ;oho d/ nzr sZe eNtk d/D/ HHHHHH.
;dhnK sZe nB/e ePN G'rd/ ofjD s'A pkd PkfJd edh ;[or ftu ikD
dk ;pZp pD jh ikt/. jK nwhoK bJh ;[or g[ZiD dk okj e[M ;[ykbk j?.
T[j e/tb dkB d/ pb, ;[or gqkgs eo ;ed/ jB. f;o/ d/ nwhoK
(okfinK) bJh nPt w/X :Zr (x'V/ dh e[opkBh) rT{ w/X :Zr, wB[P w/X
:Zr, ;kfonK dk wk; fozBQ e/, gek e/ wzsoK d[nkok gftZso eoe/, ;G B/
ykDk j[zdk j?. :Zr dk ;wK fBPfus eoBk pqkjwD dh woih s/ fBoGo j?.
;ko/ ;w/A d"okB dkB eoh ikDk j[zdk j?. ;zg{oDsk tes oki/ s'A i' uhI Gh
pqkjwD g[ikoh wzr bt/ T[j d/Dh Io{oh j?. g[Zsoh, gsBh s/ oki sZe Gh
dkB eo d//t/. i/ g[ikoh ukj/ sK n;hw ;w/A sZe okik r[bkw pD e/ T[;
dh ;/tk eodk oj/. fco Gh eh gsk ;[or dk wkbe fJzdo s[jkB{z T[E/
g[ZiD d/t/ fe Bk< T[j o[ektNK Gh sK pj[s yVQhnK eodk j?. i/ e'Jh j'o
(99)
ftnesh T[E/ g[Zi e/ oki dk wkbe pD frnk, sK fJzdo B{z sK nkgDk
f;zxk;D s/ oki ;[y fsnkrDk g? ikJ/rk. fJ; bJh T[j fe;/ dk :Zr
;zg{oD j'D jh BjhA fdzdk.
fJZe j'o bki[nkp BePk ;[or d/ okj dh dZ; gkT[Adk gqshs j[zdk
j?. fJB;kB izrbK ftu, gjkVK dhnK r[cktK ftu, poc bZdhnK T[FZuhnK
u'NhnK s/, wko{ o/s EbK ftu, nB/e iBwK sZe, jikoK ;kb fpBK e[M
ykfXnK nyzv sgZf;nk eoBh. fJZe bZs d/ Gko yb'Dk, g[Zm/ bNeDk,
gkDh ftu yb's/ ofjDk, ;oho B{z ;[ek e/ fgzio pDk b?Dk. iK fco oktD
tKr ngDk jh f;o eZN e/ d/ts/ nZr/ G/N eoBk, f;th oki/ tKr, pki o{g
ftu nkJ/ GrtkB B{z ngDk ;kok sB eZN eZN e/ y[nk d/Dk. fpeowkihs
oki/ tKr s/b d/ eVkj/ ftu ngD/ ;oho B{z o'IkBk sb e/ d/ts/ B{z y[nKd/
ikDkHHHHHH. j' ;edk j? edh ;[or g[ZiD dh okjdkoh fwb jh ikt/.
feT[Afe fJjBK okjK ftu Gh nZr/ pj[s n"yhnK xkNhnK jB. sg eod/
ftPtkfwZso dh sgZf;nk Gzr eoB tk;s/ fJzdo B/ w'jDhnK ekwDhnK
G/i fdZshnK. T[jBK ngD/ o{g ns/ i'pB dh Pesh Bkb jw/PK jh foPhnK
dh ;wkXh Gzr ehsh j?. s/ Grs ;[or ;[y s'A tzfus j' iKdk j?. fJjBK
ngSoktK ftu'A T[xVt/A Bkw jBl ozGk, T[otPh, w/Bek nkfd. fJjBK
gohnK B/ ;[or bJh sgZf;nk eo oj/, nB/e ;kX{nK dhnK p/VhnK
wzMXko ftu v'phnK. i/ e'Jh jmh ;kX{ iK dkBh okik fJjBK ekwDhnK
d[nkok ekp{ ftu Bk nkt/, sK fJzdo d/t ih ngD/ tv/ Gok ftPB{z dh
;jkfJsk gqkgs eod/ jB. ftPB{z Sb egN Bkb ;G e[M wbhnk w/N
eotk fdzdk j?. mhe jh sK j?, e"D okik ngDk ;[Zy nkokw, wkB
tfvnkJh, ski sys, bZyK fwor B?DhnK, ;[orgohnK B{z fsnkrDk
ukj/rk< feT[A fe;/ B{z ngDk ;[nkwh pDkJ/rk, s/ y[d r[bkwh ;theko
eo/rk< n;zGt. n;zGt
j[D Iok BhM bk e/ d{ik gZy ftuko'. dkB g[zB d/ ipod;s gquko
gqGkt ;dek pqkjwD iksh dk fJ;/ Xosh wksb'e ftu ;[or pfDnk
j'fJnk j?. g[ikoh Pq/Dh jikoK ;kb s'A jEhA feos eoB B{z fsbKibh d/
(100)
u[Zeh j?, go ;ko/ feosh b'eK s'A tZX nkokw Goh fIzdrh pshs eo ojh
j?. pqkjwD B/ edh dkB g[zB BjhA ehsk, sgZf;nk BjhA ehsh, shoE pos
BjhA ehs/, :Zr BjhA ehs/. fco fJjBK B{z edh fe;/ g[ZSD dh fjzws BjhA
ehsh fe s[;hA nkgD/ bJh ;[or ikD dk gqpzX feT[A BjhA eo oj/< iK fco
b'eK dh neb B{z fizdo/ tZi/ j'J/ jB, i' ;'ud/ jh BjhA. Gbk ;'u' pqkjwD
g[ikoh feT[A tkX{ e;N MZbD, id'A fe ;ko/ ;[or tkb/ ;[Zy fJE/ jh gqkgs
jB. Bkb/ g[ikoh sK uzrh soQK ikDdk j? fe fJj skDk pkDk fJZe Sbktk
j?, G'b/ Gkb/ b'eK dh feos B{z b[ZN e/ n?P eoB bJh.
d{i/ pzB/ fi; ftnesh B/ :Zr, dkB, sgZf;nk nkfd BjhA ehsh
T[j x'o gkgh j?. ;[or pko/ sK T[j wB ftu fynkb sZe Bk fbnkt/. jK
e[zGh Boe d/ fGnkBe ;ik e/Ado, s;hj/ d/D tkb/ iwoki d/ nB/e B"eo,
T[; dk fJzsIko eo oj/ jB. fJjBK BoeK dk pko pko jo o'i u/sk
eokfJnk iKdk j?. nzs ewi'o wB tkbk wBZ[y ftnke[b j'fJnk pqkjwD
g[ikoh d/ uoBhA Yfj g?Adk j?. “ d/tsk ih ` i' e[M w/o/ e'b j?, ;G b?
bt', go w?B{z e[zGh Boe s'A puk bU. “ u[ok;h bZy i{BK s'A eZY bt' , eb
i[r d/ eb/PK s'A T[Gko bt' ”. gzfvs ih w[;eok e/ g?oK T[FZgo fvZr/ ;/te
d/ f;o s/ jZE c/od/ j'J/ wX[o nktkI ftu p'bd/ jB, “ p/Nk e'Jh fceo
Bk eo, s/o/ ;ko/ d[y eb/P w?A nkgD/ f;o b? btKrk. fit/A n;hA nkyhJ/
T[t/A eodk ikthAHHHHH”. fco eh ;h r[bkwh P[o{ j' rJh. G'bk fJB;kB
Xosh s/ jh, fJ;/ iBw ftu, Boe torh fizdrh pshs eoB bZr fgnk.
j'o tZvk f;sw t/y', n"osK B{z ;[or ftu ikD dh nkw jkbsK ftu
nkfrnk BjhA j?. IwhB, xo, XhnK g[ZsoK s/ fJ;soh dk jZe BjhA j?,
fJ; bJh T[j dkB Gh BjhA eo ;edh. T[j gsh dh fJZe yqhdh j'Jh t;s{
tKr j?. n"os Grsh sgZf;nk Gh BjhA eo ;edhHHHHH. iK s/ shthA
pqkjwD g[ikoh dh jtP g{oh eoB tk;s/ j?, iK gsh d/ woB s/ T[; Bkb
wo (;sh) ;edh j?. i/ edh shthA pqkjwD d/ xz[wD x/o ftu'A fBeb e/,
ebgs ;[or ftu ubh Gh ikt/ sK fJzdo d/ nykV/ dh fJZe Bkuh (t/Ptk)
jh pD ;e/rh. foPhnK, w[BhnK, d/tfsnK dh jtP g[{osh bJh fJZe
(101)
fyv"Dk wkso jh j't/rh. i? irdzp/.
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ;Zu/ gkfsPkj ih B/, nkfrnkBsk d/ fJ;
nzB/Q y{j ftu fvZrD s'A pukT[D bJh, r[opkDh d[nkok ;kvk okj o"PB eo
fdZsk. frnkB d/ B/so py; fdZs/. Xow d/ Bkw s/ ehs/ ik oj/ nB/e gkg
eowK B{z iBsk dh eufjoh ftu Bzfrnk eo fdZsk. b'ehA woB T[gozs
u"ok;h bZy i{BK s'A w[esh ns/ ;[or dh bkb;k oZyd/ ;B. Boe x'o d/
dZ[yK dk Bkw ;[D e/ jh ezpDh fSV iKdh ;h. goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ ih B/
gfjbk ekoi nkozfGnk fe wB[Zysk B{z ihtB ftu gkJ/ rJ/ nDfrDs
pzXBK s'A w[es eoBk j?. woB s'A wro'A fwbD tkbh w[esh pko/ fco ;'u
btKr/, ihtB w[es j'Dk pj[s Io{oh j?. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ o{g ftu
fJZe wjkB ukBD w[Bkok iK bkJhN jkT{;, wB[ysk d/ ;BwZ[y go'; fdZsk.
nkT[ iok ;fseko ;fjs nZyK y'jb e/, PoXk GktBk Bkb ihtB w[es
wB[Zy pko/ r[opkDh s'A g[ZS t/yhJ/L^
1H ihtB w[efs iK Ppd ;[DkJ/.. ;uh ojs ;uk ;[y gkJ/..
;[ydksk d[y[ w/ND jkok.. nto[ B ;{Mf; phih ekok.. 1342
2H ihts gktj[ w'y d[nko.. nBGT[ ;pd[ ss[ fBi ;ko..343
3H w{J/ w{J/ iT[ w[efs d/ j[r/ w[efs B ikB? e'fJbk.. 1292
4H fi;[ Bkw[ fod? ;' ihtB w[esk.. 1156
5H ;' w[esk ;z;kfo fi r[fo T[gd/f;nk..
fs; eh rJh pbkfJ fwN/ nzd/f;nk.. 519
6H BkBe ;fsr[fo G/fNn? g{oh j't/ i[rfs..
j;zfdnk y/bzfdnk g?Bzfdnk yktzfdnk ftu/ j't? w[efs..522
T[Zgo tofDs gowkDK s'A fJbktk fJ; goEkfJ j'o pj[s Ppd
w"i{d jB. ft;Eko G? ekoB ;ze'u eoBk fgnk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;gPN
s"o s/ T[gd/P eoe/, ;ko/ BoeK nkfd d/ vo Gow, wBK ftu'A eZY ;Z[ND
bJh nkfynk j?. r[opkDh dh nrtkJh gqkgs eoe/, ;ziw tkbh, ftekoK
s'A ofjs fIzdrh pshs eoBh, tkfjr[o{ B{z ;dk u/s/ oZyDk, r[DK Bkb
Gog{o j' ikDk, fJjh n;b w[esh j?. pqkjwD tZb'A bZ[N y;[ZN tkbhnK
(102)
nB/e pzdPK , eoweKvh p/VhnK, r[opkDh dh tdkDh u'N B/ ueBk u{o
eo fdZshnK jB. ;ko/ gkgK g[zBK d/ Gko f;ZyK d/ wBK s'A T[sko e/, j"b/
cZ[b pDk fdZsk j?. fJj sK ;h ;zy/g ;ko r[owfs ftu ihtB w[es dk.
j[D e[M nZr'A ftuko eo t/yhJ/ fe r[opkDh gkg g[zB pko/ fJ; d/ w{b
;o's t/dK pko/, eh nrtkJh pyPdh j?, ns/ Boe ;[or pko/ eh ;/X
fdzdh j? <
eEk ejkDh p/dh nkDh gkg[ g[zB phokr[..
d/d/ b?Dk b? b? d/Dk Bofe ;[ofr ntsko.. (1243)
Gkt nfijhnK eEk ejkDhnK dh xkVs t/dK okjhA xVh s/ goukoh
rJh j? fe gkg fet/A bZrdk j?, T[; gkg B{z T[skoB d/ eh ;kXB jB. dkB
d/Dk fJZe fXo B/ s/ b?Dk d{ih fXo (g[ikoh) B/. Boe ;[or dk ;zebg
ns/ ntskotkd dk w{b ;o's t/d jh jB.
p/d eh g[soh f;zfwqfs GkJh.. ;Keb i/toh b? j? nkJh.. (329)
Gkt t/dK dk jh ;kozP f;woshnK ftu fpnkfBnk frnk j?.
wB[Zyh ;wki B{z nBzs pzXB o{g p/VhnK ftu ieV fdZsk frnk j?. T[go'A
co/p fJj ehsk ik fojk j? fe fJj eoweKv, pzXB o{gh p/VhnK BjhA
jB, ;r'A fJj sK ;[zdo ehwsh rfjD/ i/toks jB, fJjBK B{z fgnko eoBk
uzr/ ikDBk. pzXBK s'A w[es eoBk jh r[opkDh dk wZ[y gq:'iB j?.
g"okDe eEktK ftu fijBK d/tfsnK dh g{ik eoBh dZ;h rJh j?
T[j sK y[d jh ebgs jB ns/ ihtB okj s'A GNe/ j'J/ jB. fijBK
d/tfsnK B{z ;[or d/ wkbe dZf;nk frnk j?, T[j sK y[d jh bZyK gkg
eod/ gosZy BIo nkT[Ad/ jB. nfij/ d/th d/tfsnK B{z r[opkDh ftu
fes/ Gh ;fseko BjhA fdZsk frnk. jK fJjBK tZb'A ehshnK wzd eos{sK
d; e/ wB[Zy B{z ;[u/s pj[s tkoh ehsk frnk j? sK fe nkw wB[Zy fJjBK
dh w{oysk Goh p/^wkfjBh g{ik s'A pu ;e/. ;[or dk okik fJzdo B{z
fwfEnk frnk j?, B/so y'jb e/ fXnkB Bkb t/y', fJzdo pko/ ;fsr[o{
pkpk ih eh dorkjh c[owkB G/i oj/ jBL^
(103)
1H ;jz;o dkB[ d/fJ fzJzdo[ o' nkfJnk..
go;[okw o't/ xo nkfJnk.. 953
Gkt pdekoh eoB pdb/ fJzdo B{z PowBke ;Ik fwbh s/ T[j
fes/ w{zj ftykD i'rk Bk fojk .
2H r"sw[ sgk njfbnk fJ;soh fs;[ d/fy fJzdq b'GkfJnk..
;j; ;oho fujB Gr j{J/ sk wfB gS'skfJnk..1244
fJzdo B/ ;kfi; ou e/ r"sw Bkwh ;kX{ dh gsBh njfbnk Bkb
gkg eow ehsk. gsk brD s/ r"sw B/ nfijk PowBke ;okg fdZsk fe
fJzdo ;dk bJh ftbeD, sVgD bJh wip{o j' frnk.
n;b ftu ;wki B{z y"cidk eoB tk;s/ fJjBK ebgs ejkDhnK
okjhA fJZe fGnkBesk Go/ tksktoD dh f;oiDk ehsh rJh. fJj ;EkBe
jkbks w[skpe ns/ Xkowe (<) uso ubke w[yhnK dh wkBf;e pDso
w[skpe jh ;zGt ;h. nop d/PK ftu nfs doi/ dh b{j d/D tkbh X[Zg
toQdh j?. o/s Eb GZm tKr sgD bZrd/ jB. gkDh dh pj[s ewh j?.
o'ikBk dh toQdh e[dosh rowh d/ ;skJ/ nop w[beK d/ Xkowe w[yhnK
B/, gkg eow eoB tkfbnK bJh “d'iy dh nZr ftu ;VBk” ;G s'A
fGnkBe ;ik fwE fdZsh. gfjbK jh sgP rowh d/ d[yh ehs/ ftnesh B{z
nZr e'b p?mD bJh nkfynk ikt/, T[j sK ftbe T[m/rk. T[; dh ftnke[bsk
;hwk gko eo ikt/rh. fJ;/ bJh T[jBK ftu pb ojh nZr dk G?, ngD/
b'eK nr/ fbnk oZfynk. G'b/ b'eK B/ fJ; fGnkBesk nZr/ f;o fBtk
fdZsk. nZi T[j b'e d'iy dh nZr dk Bkw ;[DfdnK jh Eo Eo ezpD bZr
g?Ad/ jB.
d{;o/ pzB/ dh skeh y'jb e/ Gh t/y bJhJ/ fe ;kwh XowK ftu
;[or fe; soQK dk j?. fjzd{nK tZb'A ebg/ rJ/ ;[or Bkb'A pj[s fInkdk
fGzBsk BjhA j?. f;oc fJzdo d/tsk ftu'A rkfJp eo fdZsk frnk j?, pkeh
;G e[M pfjPs ns/ ;[or ftu ;KMk jh Bio nkT[Adk j?. Gb/ w[;bwkBK
d/ ;[nkrs ns/ ;/tk tk;s/ pfjPs ftu j{oK (nfs j[;hB n"osK) fJzsIko
eo ojhnK jB. nzr{oK ns/ yi{oK dh pj[s tXhnk Pokp ghD B{z
(104)
fwb/rh. ;[jktD/ c[ZbK bZd/ pkr, s/ mzY/ gkDh d/ tr oj/ MoB/HHHH nfijk
jh j'o eJh e[M. fJ; dh fto'Xsk eofdnK fJZe w[;bwkB PkfJo fbydk
j?L^
izBs w/ ikeo sj{oB ghT[r/, :jK ghBk feT[A r[Bkj j' frnk<
tjK j{o/A fwbB/ ek j? j[ew oZph, :jK feT[A iBkj ek r[Bkj j' frnk<
fJ;bkwh irs ftu fJZe wksk okphnk j'Jh ;h. pj[s jh ;{MtkB
ns/ db/o n"os ;h fJj. nkgD/ T[gd/PK Go/ e"seK d[nkok fJ;B/,
nDfrDs b'eK B{z ;'Mh pyPh. fJZe fdB wksk okphnk, i[w/ dh fBtki
gVQB bJh fJeZm/ j'J/, w[;bwkBK e'b nuBu/sh w;fid ftu ik g[Zih.
fJ; d/ fJZe jZE ftu gkDh dh Goh j'Jh pkbNh, d{i/ jZE ftu nZr dhnK
bkNK SZvdh tZvh bZeVh. t/yD tkb/ ;ko/ xpok rJ/, fJZXo T[ZXo BZ;/.
wksk ih B/ roithA nktki ftu ;kfonK B{z “o[eD bJh fejk.” fXnkB
Bkb ;[D bT[, w?A s[jkB{z uzrh soQK ikDdh jK. s[;hA y[dk bJh BwkI ndk
eoB BjhA nkT[Ad/, ;r'A d'iy s'A vo e/ ns/ pfjPs d/ bkbu t; BwkI
ndk eod/ j'. xpokT[ Bk nkj i' w/o/ jZE ftu gkDh dh pkbNh j?, fJ;
Bkb w?A d'iy dh nZr p[Mk fdnKrh Bkb jh s[jkvh bkb;k dk e/Ado pD/
pfjPs B{z ;kV e/ ;[nkj eo fdnKrh, fJ; pbdh bZeVh Bkb. s[;hA ;Zu/
BwkIh BjhA j' vog'e ns/ bkbuh j', nfij/ pzd/ Xowh BjhA j' ;ed/HHHH”.
fJ; goEkJ/ fJZe PkfJo dk eEB j? ^
izBs e/ bkbu w/A i' y[dk ek Bkw b/s/ j?A,
t'j fJpkds BjhA wfji J/e sikos j?.
no i' voe/ d'iy ;/ y[dk ek Bkw b/s/ j?A,
;uh pzdrh BjhA p[ifdbkBk fPekfJs j?.(fJepkb)
wB[Zysk d/ ;Zu/ fjs?PhnK B/, nekb g[oy dh fbtbhBsk ftu'A, i'
pyfPPK gqkgs ehshnK T[j b[ek e/ BjhA oZyhnK. fbysh o{g d/ e/, P[ZX
o{g ftu ;kv/ sZe gZ[idhnK eo fdZshnK. id'A Gh n;hA fe;/ w;b/ pko/
d[fpXk ftu j'JhJ/, okj Bk bZGdk j't/, s[ozs ;fsr[o{, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
ih s'A ;fseko ;fjs g[ZShJ/. ;Zu/ ;fsr[o{ ihU ` ;kv/ wBK ftu T[Zm oj/
(105)
PzfenK dk fBtkoD eo', sK ;kfjp ih fpBK d/oh s'A i[nkp d/ e/ PzfenK
ftu'A eZY fdzd/ jB. nZi gkfsPkj ih s'A Boe ;[or pko/ jh p/Bsh eo
bJhJ/^
etB[ Boe[ fenk ;[or[ fpukok ;zsB d'T[ okd/..
jw ekj{ eh ekfD B eYs/ ngB/ r[ogo;kd/.. 969
eh Boe s/ eh ftukok ;[or n;K d'tK B{z jh oZdh dh N'eoh ftu
;Z[N fdZsk j?. nekb g[oy dh feogk ;dek j[D n;hA fe;/ pzXB ftu BjhA
jK, bkbu s/ vo w[ek fdZs/ jB.
epho ;[or Boe s/ w? ofjU ;fsr[o e/ go;kfd..
uoB ewb eh wT[i wfj ofjU nzfs no[ nkfd.. 1370
;[or dk wkbe fJzdo sK y[d w?bk wbhB j?, d[PN eowK ftu
rofenk j'fJnk j?,
T[;dh fJzdo g[oh (;[or) fet/A gftZso j' ;edh j?< r[otke jB^
w?bk pqjwk w?bk fJzd[.. oft w?bk w?bk j? uzd[..HHH
w?b/ f;t ;zeok wj/;.. w?b/ f;X ;kfXe no[ G/y..1158
XowK d/ pj[s/ gqukoe (;w/s f;ZyK d/ ) fJ;/ rZb s/ g{ok skD bk
fdzd/ jB, fe fejVk ezw (yk; eo dkB) eoB s/ ;[or gqkgs j't/rk s/
fe; ekoi eoe/, BoeK d/ d[Zy G'rD/ g?Dr/. fJj pqkjwD dh ;dhnK s'A
ubh nk ojh b[ZN Bhsh dk fJZe tZvk ekw:kp jfEnko ;h s/ j?. r[o tke j?
gkg g[zB sj GJh ejkts.. e'T{ Boe e'T{ ;[or pzSkts..292
ftPB{z GrtkB (<) d/ Bkw j/m fe;/ f;o/ d/ b[N/o/ B/, ro[V g[okD
Bkwh feskp fby e/, Boe dk nfsnzs vokTDk fuZso b'eK ftu ;dhnK
s'A gqukfonk j?. ;[or d/ wBw'jD/ fdqP, bZS/dko Ppdktbh ftu, g/P ehs/
rJ/ jB. Bshi/ d/ s"o s/ fiZE/ fes/ Gh fJj d[PNsk Gfonk gouko
g[Zfink, T[E/ jh G'b/ Gkb/ b'e Boe ;[or d/ uZeoftT{ ftu c;d/ rJ/.
fJ; wko{ jfEnko dh gquko Pesh okjhA, jikoK ;kb s'A wB[Zysk d/
d[PwD, pVh p/ofjwh Bkb ;wki dk y{B ghAd/ nk oj/ jB. fJjBK
ftjbV g[ikohnK dhnK XkVK Sb egN okjhA, r[bSZo/ T[vk ojhnK jB.
(106)
ihts ftneshnK B{z b[ZN e/ fJjBK ;po BjhA ehsk, pbfe wo/ gqkDhnK
Bfws, (T[jBK d/ tk;s/) tXhnk ykD/, ehwsh p;so, wzi/ fp;so/, o[gJ/,
;'Bk uKdh, d[ZX ghD bJh wZMK rkJhnK, uVB bJh x'VhnK ns/ j'o pj[s
e[M G'b/ iiwkBK s'A b[ZNe/ g[o'fjs b'e “T[go G/i oj/ jB”. nZi Gh
nfrnkBsk Goh fJj b[ZN Gkosh ;wki ftu nkw gquZbs j?. ;r'A
wBw[Zysk tkb/ fJj ezw o{g pdb e/ f;ZyK ftu Gh nkw t/yhd/ jB. fi;
p[okJh s'A ;fsr[o{ ih B/ g[eko g[eko e/ tofink ;h, T[jh p[okJh r[odtko/
d/ nzdo, r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh jI{oh ftu, GkJh ih tZb'A nodk; eoe/
r[owfs pDkT[D dh w{oysk ehsh ik ojh j?. i/ r[odtko/ e[M nogD
eoB dh fJZSk jh j't/, sK p/nzs y[PhnK d/ w"e/ nkT[Ad/ jB, sd'A wzi/,
fp;so/ GKv/ wkfJnk fdZsh ik ;edh j?. wo/ gqkDh d/ G'r s/ jh fJj uhiK
r[odtko/ d/DhnK, ro[V g[okD dk pqkjwDh eow eKv ;gZPN Bio nk
iKdk j? f;Zy xoK s/ r[odtkfonK ftu.
r[opkDh B/ tkfjr[o{ dh :kd ftu fizdrh fpskT[AfdnK ;ko/ G?
T[sko fds/. d[y ;[y, fwZNh ;'Bk, fizdrh w"s, T[;ss fBzdk, b'G, w'j
nkfd s'A pj[s T[FZgo T[mk fdZsk ;h. fJ;/ soK Boe ;[or s'A Gh T[FZgo
g[uk fdZsk frnk ;h. r[o tke j?^
;[or Boe nzfwqs fpy[ J/ ;G, fsT[ ezuB no[ g?;k..
T[;sfs fBzdk J/ ;w ike? b'G[ w'j[ c[fB s?;k.. 220
r[of;Zy ;fsr[o{ dh T[FZsw f;Zfynk d[nkok, fJzBk ;fEo s/ nv'b
nt;Ek tkbk pD ikt/, fe tkfjr[o{ ih d/ fJB;kc s/ g{oB Go';k oZy/.
Boe s'A sK voBk jh eh j?, ;r'A ;[or dh fJZSk dk Gh w[ezwb fsnkr eo
d/t/. tke j?^
eJh p?e[zm Bkjh bt? bkr/
w[efs pg[Vh Gh frnkBh fsnkr/.. 1078
tkfjr[o{ uzrh soQK ikDdk j? fe e"D wBZ[y fe; wkB ngwkB dk
jZedko j?. fJB;kBhns d/ d[PwD g[ikohnK B/ fJj gquko g{o/ I'o Bkb
ehsk j'fJnk ;h, fe i' e[M s[jkv/ e'b j? IwhB xo ;w/s gsBh ns/
(107)
XhnK d/. y[d ekPh d/ Xow wzdo (<) fty/ g[Zi e/ PoXk Bkb ;h; M[ek
fdT[ okw Bkw igfdnK nko/ Bkb ;oho d' ckV eotk bt'HHH. s[;hA fpBK
o'e ;[or ikT[r/, ;kvh rozNh j?. fiZE/ fpwkoh pj[s c?bh j't/ t?d vkeNo
dh b'V Gh T[FZE/ jh fInkdk j?. fJ; gkg eow dk j?v e[nkNo ekPh fty/
;h fiZE/ ftXh g{ote g[okDe rzqEK ftu'A gqwkD :kd eotk e/ Bt/A eow
eKvh B"itkB fsnko ehs/ iKd/ ;B. ;ko/ d/P B{z ;dhnK sZe p/ f;o g?o
dhnK ejkDhnK okjhA Xow dk b/pb bk e/ r[wokj ehsk iKdk fojk j?.
fJZE/ dh ;[XkJh tk;s/ oZp ih B/ epho ih B{z, othdk; ih B{z, ekPh ftu
jh g?dk ehsk. fJjBK :'fXnK B/ p/y"c j' e/ Gowikb d/ pyhJ/ T[X/V
fdZs/. bbeko e/ nktki fdZsh ^
ri ;kY/ s? s? X'shnk shjo/ gkfJfB sr..
rbh fiBk igwkbhnK b'N/ jE fBpr..
T[J/ jfo e/ ;zs B nkyhn? pkBko; e/ mr.. 476
eK;h d/ BIdhe wz[r/o d/ n;EkB s/ wjkB goT[gekoh wjkswk
p[ZX ih B/ ;oho fsnkfrnk ;h. p[ZX ih B/ t/dK dh T[FZusk B{z pqkjwD dh
gqXkBrh B{z, ns/ iks gks B{z eokoh u'N wkoh ;h. fJ;/ rZb dk pdbk b?D
tk;s/ fiZE/ wjkswk p[ZX ih B{z j'o YzrK Bkb S[fNnkfJnk frnk, T[FZE/ fJj
Gh e{V gouko ehsk frnk fe i' ftnesh wrjo (wz[r/o) ;oho fsnkrdk
j?, T[j BoeK ftu iKdk j?. fco nB/e iBw y's/ dh i{B g?Adk j?. epho
ih T[wo d/ nkyoh fjZ;/ wz[r/o ik p;/ ns/ n?bkB eo fdZsk fe oZp dk
Grs B/e ihtB pshs eodk, fes/ Gh ;oho fsnkr/ fJZe ;wkB j?. n?
;z;ko d/ b'e' p[o/ ezw eoB tkbk eK;h ftu wo e/ Gh BoeK dk Gkrh
pD/rk. w/o/ tk;s/ d'B'A jh eK;h s/ w[zr/o^pokpo jB.
np ej[ okw etB rfs w'oh..
sihb/ pBko; wfs GJh E'oh.. ojkT[.. 326
;rb iBw fPt g[oh rtkfJnk..
wosh pko wokjfo T[fm nkfJnk..
ek;h wokjfo ;w phukoh..HHH
(108)
epho ih B/ roi e/ n?bkB ehsk “n? pqkjwD s/oh fJ; mZr
ftZfdnk dh nktkI pj[sh d/o r{zidh BjhA ofj ;e/rh. id'A fJ; dk gki
T[xV frnk, fco s/ok s/ s/o/^ fJ; Xow n;EkB dk eh pD/rk< feZE/ w{zj
b[ekT[r/<
eK;h s/ X[fB T[gi? X[fB eK;h ikJh..
eK;h c{Nh gzfvsk X[fB ejk ;wkJh.. 857
;fsr[o{ nwodk; ;kfjp ih B/ T[go'es ftuko dh gq'Vsk eofdnK
fJ; dk pdb Gh ;kv/ ;Bw[Zy oZfynk j?. n? GkJh eK;h ftu T[FZsw
efbnkDekoh T[gd/P BjhA fwbdk. ;fsr[o{ dh ;oB nkt', fJE'A ihtB
iku gqkgs j[zdh j?. tke j?^
Bk eK;h wfs T[gi? Bk eK;h wfs ikfJ..
;fsr[o fwfbn? wfs T[gi? sK fJj ;'Mh gkfJ.. (491)
r[o{ xo d/ T[gd/P ;dek, pqkjwDh Xow n;EkBK s/ f;Zy ikD'
xNd/ rJ/. Bkb jh pqkjwDh ohsK N[ZND bZrhnK. pqkjwD dh T[FZusk dk Gh
G'r g?D bZr fgnk. r[o{ BkBe fBozekoh ih sK fjzd{ wZs d/ feb/ eKPh
ftu, ;zB bk jh nkJ/ ;B. pkd ftu f;Zy gzE d/ ;fseko:'r, X[ozso
ftdtkB, GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih Xow gouko eod/, nB/e EktK r[owfs
dk SZNk fdzd/, eKPh ik X[zwK gkJhnK. T[FZE'A d/ gzfvnK B/ fJ; tZX oj/
o[MkB B{z tZvk ysok nB[Gt ehsk. T[jBK ;bkj eoe/, ;G s'A frnkBtkB
gzfvs, fBZfsnk Bzd B{z mZb gkT[D tk;s/, f;ZyK ns/ ;fsr[o{ ih B{z “;jh
Xow dh f;Zfynk d/D tk;s/”, g{oh fsnkoh eotk e/ nzfwqs;o G/fink.
fBZfsnk Bzd B/ ;fsr[o{ jfo r'fpzd ;kfjp ih nZr/ p/Bsh ehsh, fe w?A
pj[s ehwsh T[gd/P b? e/ s[jkv/ dopko ftu jkIo j'fJnk jK. n;hA
wfj;{; eod/ jK fe s[jkv/ f;ZyK dk g[oksB rqzEK s'A Xkowe frnkB gqkgs
eoe/ efbnkD j't/. Y'b dk g'b Go/ fJeZm ftu y'jbD tk;s/ gzfvs B{z
jo o'i eEk eoB dh nkfrnk d/ fdZsh. fBfsnkBzd B/ gzdoK e[ fdB
ro[V g[okD dh eEk uzr/ w;kb/ bk e/ ;[DkJh. f;ZX eoB brk fe fJ; rqzE
dh d;h ftXh w[skpe, fefonktK eoB s/, fJB;kB woD T[gozs ;[or
(109)
ftu iKdk j?. T[bN uZbD tkbk BoeK ftu ;Vdk j?. fJZe f;Zy B/ ;tkb
ehsk ^ “ fBfsnk Bzd ih ` ;[or g[ZiD tk;s/ fezB/ fdB wjhB/ brd/
jB<”
fJZe ;kb brdk j?.
go w?A sK nZmK gfjoK (24 xzN/) ftu jh ;[or g[Zi ;edk jK.”
f;Zy B/ s'Vk MkfVnk.
“w?A fJZe gfjo ftu jh ;[or g[iD dh ;wZoEk oZydk jK. fJZe
j'o itkB p'fbnk.
“gzfvs ih ` n;hA ;ko/ ;[orK BoeK B{z v[zx/ N'J/ ftu ;[ZN BZg
fdZsk j?. ;kv/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ uoB jh ;kv/ tk;s/ ;[orK s'A fpjso jB,
s[;hA ikU, ;kvk ;wK nikJhA Bk r[tkU.
fBfsnk Bzd pVk fSZEk fgnk, nkyD bZrk, “;fsr[o{ ihT[ you
bJh e[M o[g? fdU, w?A nkgD/ itkB p/N/ B{z ekPh G/iDk j?, T[E'A j'o Xow
rqzE b? e/ S/sh w[V nkt/rk. fco w?A ;kfonK dh s;Zbh eotk fdnKrk.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ wkfJnk d/ fdZsh. gzfvs brB PrB wj{os ;'X e/
gZsoh tku e/ ngD/ p/N/ B{z ftdk eoB bZrk. nZr'A y'sk jhArdk ;[D fgnk.
gzfvs B/ p//N/ B{z tkg; w'V fbnk, ny/ PrB p[ok j' frnk. eZbQ ubk
ikthA. ;ko/ f;ZyK T[; dk uzrk wike T[vkfJnk^ n? gzfvs, s/ok sK ngDk
jh, ngD/ rqzEK s/ ftPtkP BjhA. s{z fJZe y's/ d/ nky/ g[Zso B{z tkg; w'V
fbnKdk. fco s/o/ Xow rqzEK Bkb'A, s/o/ bJh y's/ dh nkyh finkdk
wjZstg{oB j'Jh. fJsBh ;koh rZbpks B{z ;[D e/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ GkJh
r[odk; ih B{z nkfrnk ehsh fe s[;hA fBZfsnk B{z ;wMkU, fJj f;Zy j[D
s[jkv/ c?bkJ/ ikb ftu BjhA cZ;D bZr/.
GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih B/ fJZe efpZs dh ftnkfynk ;kfonK
;Bw[Zy oZyh^ gzfvs ih. fit/A fJZe ehVh o[y s/ bZr/ cb sZe gZ[iD tk;s/
pj[s j"bh N[odh, d/o ftu gj[zudh j?, go gzSh T[vkoh wko e/ MZN cb
bkr/ ik p?mdk j?. fJZe p?b rZvh bhjK ftu w;hA s[odh j?, x'V/ s/ n;tko
wBZ[y s/Ih Bkb fes/ dh fes/ fBeb iKdk j?. ;oho eoe/ g?db ubDk
(110)
nsh emB j?, nkswk eoe/ fJB;kB nZy gbeko/ ftu d[Bhnk x[zw b?Adk
j?. pZ; fJ;/ soK ;kv/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ feogk eoe/ ;kB{z pj[s nZr/ gj[zuk
fdZsk j?. j[D s[jkv/ ro[V g[okD ns/ j'o T[gd/P ;kvh s;Zbh BjhA eotk
;ed/. s[;hA ikT[ feT[A ;wK nikJhA r[nkT[Ad/ j'. efpZs fJT[A j?^
i?;/ uhANh eqw eqw e? fpoy uV?, gzSh T[fv ikfJ p?;/ fBeN jh cb e?..
i?;/ rkvh ubh iks bheB w?A Xhoi ;?, x'o/ dT[o/ ikfJ pkfJ dkjB/ ;pb e?..
i?;/ e'; Go ub ;ehn? B gkfJfB e/ nkswk us[o ez[N XkfJ nkt? gb e?..
s?;' b'e p/d G/d frnkB T[BwkB gS, rzw r[ouoB ;oB n;Eb e?..404
rzrk d/ shoE s/ i[V/ tZv/ fJeZm ;kjt/A ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih
dk y/sK tZb gkDh ;[ZNDk, s/ tZv/ Gowikb B{z s'V d/D dh xNBk irs
fpfynks j?. ;koh n;bhns Bk ;wM b'eK d/ nZr/ gorN eo fdZsh. n?
G'b/ fJB;kB'. T[Zgo dZf;nk ik fojk ;[or Boe fes/ BjhA j?, Bk jh fe;/
yk; Ekt/A s[jkv/ tv/o/ p?m/ j'J/ jB. Bk jh Xosh s'A G/fink e'Jh gdkoE
T[Zgo ik fojk j?.
fJj ftjbV, ukbke g[ikoh, pjkfBnK Bkb s[jkB{z b[ZN e/ yk oj/
jB, pu'. ” jo r[o{ xo ftu fiZE/ Gh nk;k eh tko rkfJB ehsh iKdh
j?, T[;/ ftu fJj ;b'e doi j?^
i' w'jkek xo[ w[j? xo[ w[fj fgsoh d/fJ..
nr? t;s[ f;RkDhn? fgsoh u'o eo/fJ..
tYhnfj jE dbkb e/ w[;ch J/ eo/fJ..
BkBe nr? ;' fwb? fi yN/ xkb/ d/fJ..
fJ; ;b'e d[nkok ;fsr[o{ T[; gkyzv B{z BPo eo oj/ jB, fi;
okjhA p/nzs b'eK B{z bZ[fNnk ik fojk j?. i/ wzB bJhJ/ fe fJZe u'o ngD/
fgsoK Bfws PokX eotk fojk j?. T[; B/ j'o e'Jh ezw sK eoBk BjhA.
pi[orK gqsh u'oh ehs/ ;kwkB ftu'A jh dkB g[zB eo/rk. u'oh d/ wkb ftu'A
pqkjwD B{z d/t/rk, y[nkt/rk. fi; xo ftu'A gdkoE u'oh ehs/ rJ/ ;B,
T[; xo dk tZvk pI[or Gh (ebgBk) ;[or ftu p?mk j't/rk. u'o dk
tv/ok Gh fJZE/ jh j?. i/ pqkjwD okjhA G/fink ;kwkB T[Zgo gZ[idk wzB
(111)
bJhJ/ sK T[FZE/ ofj oj/ pI[or B/ nkgD/ xo'A u'oh j'fJnk ;kwkB, MZN
gSkD fbnk. T[; u'o fto[X Xowoki e'b fPekfJs ik ehsh. ;koh
rZbpks ;[D e/ Xowoki B/ fJB;kc fJj ehsk, gJh fi; ftu'b/ B/ u'oh
dk wkb T[Zgo g[ukD ftu w[Zy o'b ndk ehsk ;h, T[;d/ d't/A jZE tZY fdZs/
ikD. feT[Afe fJZE/ p?m/ pI[or dk e'Jh e;{o BjhA ;h, T[;B{z n?t/A gq/PkB
j'Dk fgnk. go ;fsr[o{ ih gowkD d[nkok dZ; e/, nyho ftu ngDh
f;Zfynk d/ oj/ jB. j/ GkJh nZr/ s[jkvhnK G/ihnK e'Jh t;sK BjhA
ikDhnK. s[jkv/ tZb'A ehs/ B/e ezw, ns/ tkfjr[o{ dh ;dk fjod/ ftu
:kd, fJjh Bkb fBG/rh.
eJh jIko ;kb gfjbK gZSwh J/Phnk d/ fe;/ fyZs/ ftu'A gbkfJB
eoe/, nkohnB b'e Gkos s/ jwbkto j'J/. i/s{ nkohnBK B/, w{b
tk;hnK B{z pVh p/^ofjwh Bkb esb ehsk. ;?AeV/ ;kbK sZe y[{z o/ih j[zdh
ojh, Gkosh ;ZfGnsk g{oh soQK BPN eo fdZsh rJh. fJ; g[okDh (nsh
;[zdo) ;ZfGnsk d/ pj[s ;ko/ fBPkB jVZgk wfjzi'dV' ns/ T[Zuk fgzv ;zx'b
s'A gqkgs j'J/ jB. i/s{ b'eK ;G e[M nkgDk bkr{ eotk fdZsk. d/th d/ts/
ohsh fotkI, g{ik nouBk s/ Boe ;[or Gh, fjZe d/ skD wzB b?D s/
wip{o eo fdZsk frnk.
pqkjwDK tZb'A gqukfonk frnk Boe ;[or fJokB d/P ftu nZi
sZe w"i{d j?. g[okD/ ;fwnK ftu fJj g{oph go;hnk dk fJZe G{ yzv ;h.
fJ;/ EK B{z nZieb fJokBhnB g?okvkJhI (;[or) fejk iKdk j?. fJj
irQk d/wKpzd n?bp[oi gops f;zybk ftu j?. ePwho tKr fJj EK nsh
;[zdo owDhe ns/ w";w gZy'A ;dk fyZu dk e/Ado ojh j?. tZv/ nwhoIkd/
ns/ XBkY b'e rowhnK fpskT[D fJZE/ jh ikfJnk eod/ ;B. nwhoK d/
wB goukt/ bJh T[FZE/ ;kohnK fBjwsK gqkgs ;B. nkohnk jwbkto
fJ;/ fJbke/ ftu'A TZ[me/ Gkos tZb tX/ ;B. fJ; ;[or pko/ T[jBK B{z uzrh
soK gsk ;h. fJ;/ ekoB Gkos ftu id'A e'Jh rqzE fby/ rJ/ sd'A T[;/
fJokBh ;[or dh soi d/ ;[or dk fuZso, Gkosh g"okfDe rzqEK ftu fuso
fdZsk frnk. fJokBh ;[or ftu i' wBgoukt/ d/ ;kXB ;B, brGr T[j
(112)
;ko/, fJXob/ rqzEK ftu'A gqrN j' oj/ jB. T[jh Pokp d/ d"o, T[jh Bku
;zrhs, T[jh rdokJ/ i[nkB nZX eZi/ w'jDhnK d/ ;ohoHHHHHHH. E'V/Q c/o
pdb Bkb fJokBh ;[or ns/ Gkosh g"okDe eEktK dk ;[or fJZe d{i/ s'A
ftZSV/, fBeb/, iK Beb ehsh, goshs j[zd/ jB. Gkt fiZE/ n;hw ;z;koh
y[PhnK j'D T[jh ;[or wzfBnk frnk. fJ;/ dk Bkw ;[or, pfjPs p?e[zm
iK g?okvkJhI j?.
fJokB ftu jh d'iy iK Boe Bkw dk n;EkB Gh j?. toswkB
fJokB ftu fJ; dk Bkw n:tos j? (d'iy) fJE/ ;oho b{j d/D tkbh X[Zg
toQdh j?. d{o sZe ghD tkbk gkDh fes/ BjhA fwbdk. jfonkbh dk fBPkB
sZe BjhA. T[ikV phnkpkB uko/ pzB/. ;w/A d/ ikpoK tZb'A ngD/ fto'XhnK
B{z ;pe f;ykT[D tk;s/ ;zrbK ftu BoV e/, bzwk, ;wK efjo Ykj[D
tk;s/, fJZE/ ;[ZfNnk iKdk ;h. u"Aj pzB/ wIp{s T[ZuhnK ezXK, d[nkb/
jfEnkopzd iotkD/ gfjo/dko. e?dhnK B{z sVgkT[D bJh, ;oho d/ nzr
row s/b ftu gkJ/ iKd/. ;oho T[Zs/ T[Zpbdk s/b T[bZd d/Dk, jZE g?o eZN
d/D/, nZyK eZY d/DhnK, ihG eZN d/Dh, ykDk sK fes/ fojk gkDh sZe ghD
bJh Bk d/DkHHHH. fco ftbe oj/ eokj oj/, dw s'V oj/ b'eK B{z t/y e/
jkew N'fbnK B/ fyZbh T[vkDh, sVc oj/ b'eK e'b PokpK gh e/ y[PhnK
wBkT[DhnK. nfij/ y"cBke s;hj/ MZbfdnK e[M fdBK iK wjhfBnK ftu
e?dh dh w"s j' ikDh. Xosh T[Zgo fJ; s'A fGnkBe j'o e'Jh Boe BjhA
;h. fJjh ;h e[zGh Boe, d'iy iK e[M j'o. nkw fJB;kB fJ; dk Bkw
;[De/ jh ezp TZ[mdk ;h. fJj d'iy Gh nkohnB b'eK dk t/fynk ;[fDnk
;h. fJ;/ Boe B{z pdbt/A o{g ftu pqkjwDh g"okDe rqzEK okjhA Gkosh
;ZfGnsk nzdo m'; fdZsk frnk j?. fJ; dh gfoGkPk iK g/Pekoh ftu
Bkwkso nzso j' ;edk j?. fJ; dk w{b ;'wK iK fgS'eV fJZe' j?.
fco j[D ftukoBk gt/rk fe r[opkDh ftu ;[or iK Boe fe;
soQK dk j?. ;[or T[j ;EkB j? fiZE/ B/e fJB;kB fBtk; eod/ jB.
r[ow[fy iB tkfjr[o{ d/ Bkw ftu ;dk bhB ofjzd/ jB. c[owkB j?^
(113)
p?e[zm Bro[ ijK ;zs tk;k..
gqG uoD ewb fod wkfj fBtk;k.. 742
w[efs G[rfs i[rfs s/oh ;/tk fi;[ s{z nkfg eokfJfj..
sjK p?e[zm ijK ehosB (johi;) s/ok s{z nkg/ ;oXk bkfJfj..749
gktB r[opkDh g[eko e/ nky ojh j?, fe n? GkJh. Boe dk G?
ns/ ;[or dh bkb;k w[esh dh fJZSk, wB ftu'A fsnkr fdU. eh s[jkB{z
gow/Po d/ gftZso fJB;kc s/ Go';k BjhA fojk< i/ Go';k j? sK fco
sob/ eoB dh eh Io{os j?< T[; ;Zu/ dopko ftu T[FZuh iks p/wkfjBh
j?. Bk e'Jh foPts iK f;ckoP wzBh ikDh j?. nwho j'Dk Gh fe;/ b/y/
ftu BjhA g?Dk. r[o c[owkB j?^
nr? ikfs B i'o[ j? nr? ihT[ Bt/..
fiB eh b/y? gfs gt? uzr/ ;/Jh e/fJ.. 469
f;Zy bJh r[o{ c[owkD j? fe ihtB B{z B/eh d/ okj N'o b?Dk.
gowkswk B{z ;dk fjod/ ftu t;k e/ oZyDk, oik ftu okih ofjDk, fJjh
w[esh iK p?e[zm j?. tke j?^
r[o eh ;kyh (f;fynk) nzfwqs pkDh ghts jh gotkD[ GfJnk..
do do;B ek gqhsw[ j't? w[efs p?e[zm eo? fenk.. 360
r[o{ f;Zfynk ftu'A rfjokJh Bkb fJekro fuZs j' e/ e/Adoh Gkt
bZGD dk isB eohJ/, sK gsk bZrdk j? fe nekb g[oy B{z ft;ko d/Dk jh
o'rK f;o o'r j?. nkswe w"s Gh Bkw Bkb'A N[ZN ikD B{z jh nkfynk j?.
GNeDk ftu g? e/ nB/e ePN G'rD dk w{b ekoB Gh gqw/Po B{z G[bk d/Dk
jh dZf;nk j?. e[M r[o tke fJT[A jB^
1H gzEk gq/w B ikDJh G{bh fco? rtkfo..
BkBe jfo fp;okfJe? gkT[d/ Bofe nzXknko.. 1426
2H Bkw[ ft;kfo d'y d[y ;jhn?.. j[ew GfJnk ubDk feT[A ojhn?..
Boe e{g wfj r's/ ykt? fiT[ ib s/ pkjfo whB/ o/.. 1028
3H ip br[ wfB p?e[zm eh nk;.. sp br[ j'fJ Bjh uoB fBtk;[..
ej[ epho fJj eohn? ekfj.. ;kX ;zrfs p?e[zm? nkfj.. 326
(114)
;fsr[o{ ih d/ T[gekoh f;Zfynk s/ T[gd/P w[skpe ihtB pshs
eoB tkb/ g[oyK B{z cVB nkT[Dk sK fes/ fojk, T[bNk id'A Xow oki (<)
B/ T[jBK B{z j[ew d/ e/ r[ow[y iB B{z geV fbnkT[D tk;s/ fejk sK
iwd{sK Ifjo yk e/ nksw jZfsnk eo bJh. gktB puB fJT[A jB^
;fsr[o nkr? nodkf; efo ;kiB (tkfjr[o{) d/fJ fwbkfJ..
;kiB fwfbn? ;[y[ gkfJnk. iwd[s w{J/ fpy[ ykJ/.. 55
Pkso g[ikohnK tZb'A BoeK d/ vokt/ s/ ;[orK d/ M{m/ bko/ bk e/
fjzd{ rqzEK dk ;jkok b? e/, G'b/ b'eK B{z ;dhnK s/ p/ofjwh Bkb b[ZfNnk ik
fojk j?. r[otke^
1H g[zB gkg[ ;G[ p/fd fdqVkfJnk r[ow[fy nzfwqs ghi? j/.. 1050
2H ;k;sq p/d gkg g[zB thuko.. Bofe ;[ofr fcfo fcfo nT[sko..385
fjzd{ wZs d/ ;G s'A tZv/ shoE gqkr oki (fJbkjkpkd) s/ ik e/ wkx
wjhB/ dh ;zeoKs d/ gftZso fdB fJPBkB eo/. o[gJ/ ;'B/ uKdh dkB eo/.
IwhB ns/ j'o ;G e[M i' gZb/ j?, dkB eo d/t/. fco g[ikohnK tZb'A wzso
gVQB T[gqzs okwBkw igdk j'fJnk wB[Zy (Xow rqzEK w[skpe) nkgDk
;oho nko/ Bkb r/bh tKr d'ckV eotk bt/. sK Gh e'Jh gqkgsh BjhA j'
;e/rh, fJj okj jh bZ[N/fonK B/ N'fonk j?. r[otke^
weo gqkfr dkB[ pj[ ehnk ;oho[ dhT[ nX ekfN..
fpB[ jfoBkw e' w[efs B gkt? pj[ ezuB[ dhi? efN efN..986
f;Zy gzE e'b frnkB dk ;{oi Pqh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp nrtkJh tk;s/
;dk nzr ;zr j?. fIzdrh fiT[D dk ;jh Yzr, ftfrnkBe sohe/, ;kv/
;Bw[Zy gorN j?. iBw s'A b? e/ woB sZe nsh ;[ykbk okj ;fsr[o{ ih
B/ pyfPP ehsk j?. nc;'; fe ykb;k gzE fJZehthA ;dh d/ ezfgT[Noh
:[Zr ftu Gh nfrnkBsk d/ jB/o/ ftu GNe fojk j?. feogk d/ dks/
;fsr[o{ ih B/ ftekoK s'A ofjs, r[DK Bkb Gog{o ihtB pDkT[D bJh j[ew
ehsk j?. id'A ihtB r[opkDh gokfJD j' frnk sK Boe dk vo BjhA
oj/rk, ;[or dh fJZSk ysw j' ikt/rh. r[otke^
;{oi feofD fwb/ ib ek ib[ j{nk okw..
i'sh i'fs obh ;zg{oB Ehnk okw.. 846
(115)
;wki B{z bZrhnK nB/e goeko dhnK i'eK B/, G'b/ b'eK dk ;dhnK
s'A y{B ghsk j?. fJjBK nkgDh fJZSk d/ GrtkBK (<) dh f;oiDk ehsh.
ebgs gow/Po B{z gqkgs eoB dhnK bZyK ftXhnK dh xkVs xV e/
gouZbs ehsh. fJ; ;q/Dh d/ wjK BkfJe pqkjwD B/ nkgD/ nkg B{z ;op
PeshwkB, s/ ;opT[u x'fPs ehsk. i/ ukj/ sK go; okw pqkjwD,
yZsohnK dhnK fJZeh eZ[bK dk Bk; eo ;edk j?. i/ ukj/ sK ;[dkw/ d/ o{g
ftu ik e/ Gh feqPB dk oki b? ;edk j?. i/ ukj/ sK johP uzdo oki/ dk
oki dkB ftu b? e/, T[; B{z gotko ;w/s ykbh jZE wfjbK ftu'A XZek d/ e/
eZY ;edk j?. do do dh Ghy wzrD s/ wId{oh eoB bJh wip{o eo
;edk j?. i/ pqkjwD ukj/ sK Xowh oki/ pfb s'A ;kok oki goskg y'j e/
T[; B{z eZy'A j"bk eo ;edk j?. i/ nkgDh s/ nk ikt/ sK fGqr{ pqkjwD d/
o{g ftu GrtkB (<) ftPB{z d/, fpBK ekoB f;zxk;D s/ p?mk t/y e/, Sksh
ftu bZs wko ;edk j?. nZr'A GrtkB ftPB{z B{z Pokg d/ e/ d[y G'rD, okw
uzdo d/ o{g ftu, iBw fdtk ;edk j?. fGqr{ tZb'A wkoh bZs ekoB okw
uzdo dh Sksh s/ iBw ;w/A jh g?o dk fBPkB T[Zefonk j'fJnk ;h. i'
pqkjwD GrtkBK B{z g?dk eo ;edk j?, (<) T[jBK B{z Pokg d/ ;edk j?.
Gbk nkw iBsk iBkodB T[;dh ;[go Pesh nZr/ fe; pkr dh w{bh j?<
fJ; Bk:kp j;sh pqkjwD tZb'A ;dhnK s'A nB/e ftXhnK Bkb wB[ysk B{z
r[wokj ehsk frnk j? s/ b[ZN e/ ykXk Gh frnk j?. fJj i/ ukj/ sK p[ZX wZs
tor/ wjkB Xow dk ;op BkP eo ;edk j?. fJZe jIko ;kb sZe d/P
B{z r[bkwh dhnK izihoK ftu e?d eotk ;edk j?. iksgks dhnK tzvhnK
g[nk e/ wB[ysk ftu Bcos g?dk eo ;edk j?. fIzdrh dk ;'jDk s/ e'wb
nZX n"os B{z tkPBk g{osh bJh fyv"Dk, ekwDh, d/tdk;h, i'rDh, BkrDh
s/ t/Ptk pDk ;edk j?. rT{ B{z wK nky e/ g[{ik dk Y'Ar Gh eodk j? s/ T[;
dk wk; Gh ;[nkd bk bk e/ yKdk fojk j?HHHHHH.
wB[Zysk B{z p/nzs fe;w d/ pzXBK s'A nkIkd eotk e/, f;ZX/ fBozeko
Bkb i'VB nkJ/ goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ ih B/, f;o/ dk neZN c?;bk ;[Dk
fdZsk. n? G'b/ b'e', ws e'Jh fJ; y[P cfjwh ftu ;G eZ[M rtk bt/ fe
(116)
w?A dkB d/ e/, shoEh fJPBkB eoe/, iK nfij/ c'e/ eoweKv eoe/, so
iktKrk. gow/Po d/ do s/ ;w{bu/ ihtB dh goy j'Dh j?. e/tb goy dh
e;tZNh s/ yo/ T[soB tkb/ gotkB ehs/ ikDr/. y'fNnK B{z yo/ pDkT[D
tk;s/ d[pkok d[pkok GZmh ftu skfJnk iKdk oj/rk. nB/e soQK d/ d[yK
ftu'A r[ioBk g? ;edk j?. gktB r[otke jB^
1H ij eoDh sj g{oh wfs.. eoDh pkMj[ xN/ xfN.. 25
2H w[{b[ wfs gotkDk J/j' BkBe nkfy ;[DkJ/..
eoDh T[gfo j'fJ sgkt;[ i/ e' ej? ejkJ/.. 1238
Xow d/ T[FZsw ns/ gftZso Bkw B{z, ebzes eo oj/ b[N/ok Pq/Dh d/
b'eK bJh, ;fsr[o{ fJZe tZvk u?fbzi b? e/ ;z;ko s/ nkJ/ ;B. fit/A fit/A
T[jBK dh ftukoXkok dk c?bkn j't/rk, M{m s/ gkyzv dhnK d[ekBK B{z izdo/
tZi ikDr/. fJjBK b'eK B{z Gh nkw fJB;kBK tKr fwjBs wid{oh eoe/,
o'Nh ykDh gt/rh. r[opkDh dh nkyoh gzesh ns/ ;kozP fby e/ ;ze'ud/
jK.
n? gkgh gkyzvh M{m/ r[o{ pD p?m/ fJB;kB ` s/oh wK dh r[Zs (f;o
d/ e/;) feT[A Bk w[zB fdZsh ikt/ < (rbs f;fynk d/D tkb/ wK tor/ r[o{
s'A Gkt j? ) fi; dh f;Zfynk GowK s'A w[es BjhA eo ;edh. j/ w{V wB[Zy
s{z y[d sK u"Aj p/dK dh rbs f;Zfynk eoe/ o[fVQnk jh ;h, nkgD/ ;/teK
B{z Gh b? v[Zfpnk. T[jBK dk e;{o fJjh ;h fe T[j egNh ns/ y[droI pzd/
B{z nkgDk ofjpo wzB p?m/. tke jB^ epho wkfJ w{zvT[ fsj r[o{ Gh ik
s/ GowB ikfJ..
nkg v[p/ uj[ p/d wfj u/b/ dhJ/ pjkfJ.. 1369
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B{z nBzs tko Bw;eko j?, fiBQK dh
feogk ;dek wB[Zysk B{z BthA o"PBh gqkgs j'Jh. nfrnkBsk Go/ jB/Qo/
okjK ftu GNefdnK B{z rkvh okj/ N'o fdZsk. popkd jz[fdnK B{z ihtB
dkB pyP fdZsk. XzB r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih.
[[[[
(117)
r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/
frnkB d/ ukBD s'A fpBK wB[Zysk gP{nK tKr i{B G'r e/ (ykfJnk
w?b[ tXkfJnk, g?X? xo eh jkfD.. pfe pfe pkd[ ubkfJnk fpB[ Bkt?
fpy[ ikfD.. (1331) ;z;ko s'A ftdk j' iKdh j?. c\o i'r wknoe/ wkoB/
sK pj[s d{o dh rZb j?, nkw wB[Zy B{z sK e/tb, ykDk, ghDk, g?BDk s/ mhe
soQK p'bDk Gh BjhA nkT[Adk. gP{ fJsBk rzd BjhA fybkodk, fisBk wB[Zy
nytkT[D tkbk fybkodk j?. rzdrh e{Vk gqd{PD nB/e soQK dk ipkB dk,
fbysK dk, X'yk co/p s/ j'o eJh sohfenK dk. ;dhnK fgZS'A e[dos
fwjopkB j' e/ fe;/ g?rzpo B{z Xosh s/, ftP/P ekoiK bJh xZbdh j?.
nfij/ o"PB fdwkr, G{s GftZy dh ;'u oZyD tkb/, goT[geko d/ w[iZ;w/,
wjKg[oy “w{oy w[rX” b'eK B{z, fiT[Dk woBk f;ykT[Ad/ jB. ;fsr[o{
BkBe ;kfjp ih B/, i' bk;kBh g{oB/ gkJ/, i' Bt/A okjK dh fBPkB d/jh
ehsh, wB[Zy B{z feosw g{ik tZb'A j'V e/, fJZe d/ g[ikoh pDkfJnk,
ekfJosk Gfonk Boeh ihtB fiT[D tkfbnK gP{nK tofrnK B{z L^
“P{eo ;[nkB roXp wzikok.. gP{ wb/S Bhu uzvkbk..
r[o s/ w[j[ c/o/ fsB i'fB GtkJhn?..pzXfB pkfXnk nkJhn? ikJhn?..”(832)
B{z ;fsr[o{ ih B/, “ fiB wkD; s/ d/ts/ ehJ/ ” tork nfs fpyVk go
pj[s io{oh ekoi nkozG eo fdZsk. j'o nB/e goT[geko jB ;fsr[o{ ih
d/, go jEb/ b/y ftu e/tb, “ eK fuZN/ j'J/ iK eKtK s'A jz; pD rJ/, iK
fco fgzrb/ (e'jVh ) dk o'r jZfNnk, szd[o;s pfDnk” pko/ r[opkDh dh
nkyoh e;"Nh s/, ;Zu M{m dh goy ehsh ikt/rh.
;Zu dk ;{oi r[opkDh gVQ ftuko e/, nkw wB[Zy frnkB d/ ukBD
Bkb, nkgD/ fdwkr d/ jB/o/ e'B/ o"PB eo fojk ;h. d[BhnK ijkB d/ gkJ/
(118)
pzXB, tfjw Gow, Boe ;[or, dkB g[zB shoE fJPBkB nkfd d/ r[opkDh
o{gh s/r okjhA goyu/ T[FZvd/ ik oj/ ;B. ;dhnK s'A feoshnK dh ewkJh
s/ gbD tkb/ “goihth”, Xow dk u'bk gfjBh p?m/ fPekoh, nkgD/ jbt/
wzv/ B{z S/sh ehs/ fet/A fsnkr d/Ad/< fJjBK ftjbV b[ZN/fonK dhnK XkVK
B/, ebgs ejkDhnK dk ;jkok b? e/, “ebo[ y/s[ b? e{V[ iwkfJnk, ;G
e{V? e/ ybtko/ ” (981) wjKtke w[skpe, r[o{ xoK ftu fBsk gqsh, ;t/o/
Pkw, pVh fBbZisk Bkb, fJjBK w[cs y'fonK B/ M{m ejkDhnK dk gquko
nkozG fdZsk. frnkB d/ ;kro B{z (r[opkDh) X{cK X[yk, NZbhnK tik fuwN/
Y'behnK yVek, i'sK irk, G'r brtk e/ j{pj{ w{osh dh fBnkJh g{ik
i'rk pDk e/ oZy fdZsk. nkw f;Zy B{z r[opkDh s'A s'fVnk frnk. ;{oi
gqekP, r[ofpbk; gksPkjh S/thA (;G s'A BfyZX) s/ ebgs pkb/ tkbh
;kyh Bkb i'VB dk pZio gkg ehsk frnk. fiBQK feskpK ftu, ;fsr[o{
;kfjpkB, GrsK ns/ ihtB tkb/ f;ZyK dh, p/Powh Bkb p/fJZIsh ehsh
rJh ;h, T[jBK feskpK dh gq;z;k j'Jh, r[odtkfonK ftu eEk nkozG
eotkJh rJh. fi; rzdrh Goh ykJh ftu'A, ;fsr[o{ ih B/ wB[Zysk B{z
pkjo eZfYnk ;h, fJjBK gzE d'yh g[ikohnK B/, w[V T[;/ rzdh dbdb ftu
;[ZN fdZsk. fJfsjk;e ns/ tZv/ Bkwh r[odtko/, fJjBK gzE d'yh s/
r[opkDh fto'Xh wBw[Zysk d/ f;o eZYt/A nZv/ pD e/ T[FZGo/ jB.
;fsr[o{ ih dh gktB pkDh d/ j[zfdnK j'o fe;/ ;p{s dh b'V BjhA
j[zdh. ;koh d[BhnK d/ b'e fJZe gk;/ j'D, r[o{ dh pkDh d{i/ gk;/ j't/, sK
;Zuk f;Zy, fpBK d/oh ;fseko ;fjs r[o{ ih d/ fgZS/ j't/rk. go rIp
d/y', fdB fdjkV/ r[opkDh d/ j[ewK dh T[bzxDk eoB tkb/, d[PN eow,
tZv/ r[odtkfonK ftu'A, tZv/ bhvoK s/ iZE/dkoK tZb'A ehs/ eokJ/ ik oj/
jB. jEb/ b/y B{z f;oc dopko ;kfjp d/ ;o'to ftu'A “ ekb/ eK fuZN/ j'
e/ fBeb/” sZe ;hws oZyD dh e'fPP ehsh ikt/rh. fpBK fe;/ gqwkfDe
;p{s ns/ jtkb/ s'A, fJj gqukfonk frnk fe fJZE/ fJZe SZgVh j'fJnk
eodh ;h. T[E/ okw uzdo ns/ ;hsk pDtk; ;w/A nkJ/ dk e[co s'fbnk
frnk. e[M fJZe B/ j'o eJh ;ko/ ghoK cehoK dk nkT[Dk Gh fby
(119)
Xfonk. fco gZNh d/ oki/ (gZNh fJbke/ ftu gVskb eoB s/ nfij/ fe;/
oki/ d/ j'D pko/ ;p{s BjhA fwb/) dhnK ;Zs bVehnK i[nkB j'JhnK. T[;
B/ ;kohnK B{z tkoh tkoh g[ZfSnk^“s[;hA fe; dh fe;ws Bkb o'Nh yKdhnK
j'< ” tZvhnK S/ bVehnK nkfynk, fgsk ih` s[jkvh fe;ws Bkb. S'Nh
B/ rbs itkp d/ fdZsk, ‘ ny/ w?A nkgDh fe;ws dk yk ojh jK. ” okik
;ys BkokI j' frnk. MZNgZN fJZe e'jVh (fgzrbk) bVek bZG e/ nkgDh
bVeh dk ftnkj T[; Bkb eo fdZsk. “t/yK j[D s{z nkgDh fe;ws dh
o'Nh fet/A ykt/rhA < j?A ` jB/o ;kJhA dk.. fJZe wk;{w bVeh tZb'A ;Zu
p'bD s'A, eo'X ftu Go e/, n?vh fGnkBe ;Ik fdZsh < e'Jh fgsk nkgDh
p/Nh dh fizdrh fJ; soQK popkd eo ;edk j?< y?o ` bVek N[o BjhA
;edk ;h, bVeh oiBh B/, fJ; B{z N'eoh ftu gke/, f;o s/ u[Ze fbnk,
s/ Ghy wzr e/ o'Nh ykD bZrh. oki/ dh p/Nh ;[zdo itkB, iwkB/ d/
bczfrnK s/ ;oekoh r[zfvnK, T[jB{z p/fJIs BK ehsk< fco T[j N[odh
j'Jh, nzfwqs;o (sd'A uZe okwdk;) SZgVh d/ feBko/, fgzrb/ tkbh N'eoh
oZy e/, y[d o'Nh wzrD ubh rJh. fgzrb/ B/ t/fynk fe SZgVh ftu ekb/
eK u[ZGh bkT[Ad/ jB, fJPBkB eod/ jB, s/ ;c?d j' e/ pkjo fBebd/ jB.
eJh EkJhA jz; pD e/ T[FZvd/ rJ/ Gh fbfynk fwbdk j?. fJ; s'A gq/os j'
e/ fgzrbk foVdk j'fJnk, SZgVh ftu ik fvZrk. p; fco eh ;h, s[ozs
;oho e[zdB (;'Bk) tork pD frnk szdo[;s. g{oh vhb v"b tkbk ;[DZyk
B"itkB. oiBh B{z N'eoh bkr/ p?mk fwfbnk.
oiBh B/ g[ZfSnk s{z e"D j?A < w/ok gsh (fgzrbk ) feZE/ j?<
“s/ok gsh w?A jh jK, fJ; SZgVh ftu'A, eKtK B{z fuZN/ j[zd/ t/y e/ w?A
Gh u[ZGh wko bJh, s/ B"Apo B"A s/o/ ;kjwD/ yVk jK ”.
BjhA s{z M{m p'bdk j?A, oiBh eVeh. B"itkB B/ nkgD/ jZE dk fJZe
nzr{mk, jkbh gfjbK tkbh jkbs ftu oZfynk j'fJnk ;h. T[j gkDh ftu
v'p fdZsk, nZy d/ c'o ftu szdo[;s j' frnk. oiBh s/ B"itkB B/, r[o{
okwdk; ih d/ uoBK s/ wZEk N/fenk. nPhotko b? e/ ub/ rJ/, ;[yh
ihtB pshs eoB bZr/. r[o{ okwdk; ih B/ T[;/ EK s/ ;o'to pDtkfJnk.
(120)
e'jV/ mhe j'D dk todkB fdZsk. sd'A s'A ;kX ;zrs ih, fJE/ nB/eK b'eK
d/ o'r eZN/ ik oj/ jB. feT[Afe wjkoki ih B/, r[opkDh ftu fbfynk
j'fJnk j?, rbs fet/A j' ;edk j?^ “nzfwqs;o[ ;fsr[o[ ;fstkdh fis[
Bks? eT{nk jz;[ j'j?.” fJ; r[o{ gzesh B{z ;[De/ jo f;Zy dh I[pkB o[e
iKdh j?. nkgD/ ;fsr[o{ ih B{z rbs fet/A nky/< dk; bzw/ ;w/A sZe fJ;
d[fpXk ns/ gq/PkBh ftu GNedk fojk. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ nkg jh ofjws
eoe/, r[opkDh B{z noEK ;w/s gVQB bJh gq/fonk. “eK, eT{nk tkb/, ns/
;o'to tkb/” Ppd B'N eodk frnk. ;ko/ PzfenK dk ;op BkP j'
frnk. fJZe fJZe ;tkb dk i[nkp fwb frnk. nkU nZr/ bVh B{z ubdh
oZyhJ/^
1H gfjbh rZb sK fJj fe nzfwqs;o ;o'to, ;fsr[o{ ih ekoB
;fseko dk gkso pfDnk j? iK fe okw uzdo ;hsk ekoB < iK r[ofpbk;
gkL S/thA g[;se w[skpe ftPB{z ekoB< feT[Afe joh Bkw ftPB{z dk j?,
fJ; soK fJj ftPB{z wzdo j?^ ;ktXkB, j'fPnko. fco wjkBsk fJZE/
gftZso pkDh dh j? iK ;o'to dh < fco gqpzXeK g[ikohnK g?AsVk pdb
fbnk. BjhA ih ;'Gk sK r[opkDh dh jh j?, go d/y' BK brksko pkDh dk
ehosB j'D eoe/, ;o'to wjkB j' frnk. fco r[opkDh dk ehosB gkm
eEk sK j'o Gh nB/e EkJhA j' fojk j?, T[E'A d/ SZgV feT[A gftZso BjhA pD/ <
fJ; B{z ih ;fsr[o{ ih dk todkB i[ fwfbnk j'fJnk j?. nfijhnK jIko
:pbhnK g[ikohnK e'b'A ;[DB B{z fwbdhnK jB. dbhb s/ yok T[soB
fJZe Gh itkp BjhA fwbdk.
okth dfonk dk gkDh, ykb( jz;bh) pDk e/, r[o{ xo d/ gq/wh, ;zs'y
dk; s/ gqhsw dk; B/ ;o'to sZe g[Zidk ehsk ;h. g[oksB ;fwnK ftu
BfjoK BK wkso jh ;B. tkNo toe; (N{NhnK) dk ;tkb jh BjhA ;h.
Bbe/ iK p'o bkT[D/ jkb/ ;'u/ Gh BjhA rJ/ ;B. fJZe' fJZe ;"yk ;kXB ;h
gkDh dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB dkl po;ks dk gkDh Bht/A EK (SZgV
;o'to) fJeZmk eoe/ oZy fbnk ikt/. fJPBkB, ghD, eZgV/ X'D s/ gP{nK
bJh fJZE'A jh gkDh tofsnk iKdk ;h. ni/ sZe Gkos d/ eJh wko{Ebh
(121)
fJbkfenK ftu, fJ;/ soQK ehsk iKdk j?. e[M jZd sZe iksgks B{z mZb
gkT[D tk;s/, ;o'toK ezw ehsk. y{j d{ih soihj ;h, feT[Afe fJZNK
gekT[DhnK, b'j/ dhnK fNzvK ns/ y{j r/VB tkbhnK rokohnK pDkT[DhnK,
pj[s n"yk ;h. nZi Gh t/fynk ik ;edk j?, dopko ;kfjp dhnK
goeowK tkbk fjZ;k, pkeh ;EkB Bkb'A BhtK j?. fJj fBotkDsk dk gqshe
BjhA j?, ;r'A Bht/A EK gkDh fJZemk eoB bJh ;h. e/;rVQ (nBzdg[o)
pj[s T[Zuh gjkVh s/ pfDnk j'fJnk j?, fco T[;B{z eh jzeko ftu nkcfonk
wzfBnk ikt/rk< dwdwk (sbtzvh ;kp') T[FZu/ EK r[odtkok ;[GkfJwkB j?.
cfsjrVQ ;kfjp, d[yfBtkoB, gfNnkbk, PhP rzi pzrbk ;kfjp s/ oekp
rzi, fdZbh ;ko/ r[odtko/ T[ZuhnK EktK s/ pD/ j'J/ jB, eh fJj ;ko/ rbs
pD rJ/< fco nzfwqs;o dopko ;kfjp dh fBwosk B{z fet/A mhe f;ZX
ehsk ik ;e/rk. eh fJ; fBwosk d/ gqshe n;EkB ftu ekpi b'e
fBwosk Bkb Gog{o jB< fJ; n;EkB d/ BIdhe s/ik f;zx ;w[zdoh
jkb nzdo ;kb ftu d' tkoh emg[sbhnK dk fxBkT[Dk swkPk j[zdk j?.
fJZe ew/Nh d/ gqXkB dh “bckc/ tkbh u'D. ew/Nh w?Apo gfjbK jh ;ko/
nfXeko ‘ekbh db d/ gqXkB B{z ;"Ag e/, uoBK s/ PhP M[ek e/, tckdkoh
dk neZN ;p{s g/P eo fdzd/ jB.” jkew XVk nb'uBk ;[BD dk nkdh
BjhA j[zdk. r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dh ji{oh dopko ;kfjp d/ n?B B/V/, “ekrj[
jz; eo/” tkb/ ;o'to d/ ;whg fJj wkB:'r gziK “f;zx ;kfjpkB” d/
;Bw[Zy, fJZe d{i/ dhnK gZrK bkj[zd/, dkVhnK e/; g[ZNd/, Xh^G?D g[Dd/,
;kb ftu d' tkoh t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. Btzpo ftu gqXkBrh s/ wkou ftu
pZiN fJeZm. fJjBK dh fposh jz; BjhA pDh fJjBK d/ wB dk e'jV BjhA
jZfNnk. fJj nZi eb eK BjhA oj/, ftukok eK pVk vog'e j[zdk j?. fJj
b'e “jZe gokfJnk” (r[o{ eh r'be) yk yk e/, fBohnK jkpVhnK j'JhnK
froMK dk o{g XkoB eo u[Ze/ jB. ;o'to d/ fJPBkB B/, fJjBK dk okJh
wkso e[M BjhA ;ztkfonk.
Gkos Go ftu nzdkIB gzdoK bZy dhox (e'jV) o'r tkb/ gqkDh
w"i{d jB. o/vhU, NhHthH s/ nypkoK okjhA, T[jBK sZe ypo feT[A BjhA
(122)
g[ukJh iKdh fe nkU tho', G?D' fJ; gftZso ;o'to ftu fJPBkB eo',
s[jkvk o'r jZN ikD dh gZeh rozNh j?. ypo ezBh g?AfdnK jh fJj b'e
XkJh eod/ j'J/, nzfwqs;o g[ZiDr/. g{oh PoXk Bkb fJPBkB eoBr/.
szd[o;s j' ikD dh ;{os ftu, ;dk bJh r[o{ uoBK d/ G"o/ pD ikDr/.
f;Zy gzE dk Bo'nk nzr pD ikDr/. ;z;ko d/ b'eK B{z e{e e{e e/ dZ;Dr/,
n;hA fJ; eokwksh ;o'to ftu fJPBkB eoe/ B"Apo B"A j' rJ/ jK, pVk
wjkB j? fJj r[o{ do. nkT[A s[;hA Gh fJE'A y[PhnK dhnK M'bhnK Go b?
ikU. ” nrbh wI/dko rZb fJj fe P'wDh ew/Nh tkfbnK, u"E/ gkfsPkj
ih d/ Bkw s/ “r[o{ okw dk; j;gskb s/ ekbi” nzfwqs;o ftu jh eJh
;kbK s'A ubkfJnk j'fJnk j?. i/ e'jV tor/ wko{ o'r ;o'to fJPBkB
Bkb ock j' ;ed/ jB sK pkeh o'r fejV/ pkr dh w{bh jB < j;gskbK
s/ eo'VK o[fgnk feT[A ‘popkd’ ehsk ik fojk j?. fJjh gquko Y'b tik
e/ feT[A BjhA eo fdZsk iKdk fe “;op o'r e nT[yd, ;q'to fJPBkB”.
fJ; fj;kp sK ;ko/ j;gskb pzd j' ikDr/, vkeNo ftuko/ p/o[Irko HHHHH<
fco fJZe fx;h fgNh p'dh fijh rZb nkyDr/, fJE'A d/ nzB/Q gqpzXe
“ gfjb/ ;w/A ftu e'jVh dk e'jV jZN frnk ;h. nZi eZb sK ed/ edkJhA
e'Jh “uwseko” tkgo iKdk j?. go BjhA fJ; dk wsbp nZieZbQ ;'qto
dh skes xN rJh j? < fco e[co s'bDr/, “T[jBK tesK ftu ekb/ eK
fuZN/ j' rJ/ ;B, e[M e[ jz; Gh pD rJ/ ;B, go j[D BjhA pDd/, iwkBk
i' p[ok nk frnk j?.” feogk eoe/ dZ;' T[jBK fuZN/ eKtK dh T[bkd fuZNh
jh izwh ;h fe ekbh < i/ pZu/ ekb/ izw/ sk feT[A < i/ fuZN/ jh izwd/ ;B,
sd nZi eb T[jBK fuZN/ eKtK d/ doPB feT[A B;hp BjhA j[zd/ < jz; dh
e'Jh B;b nZi sZe feX/o t/yD ftu BjhA nkJh. jK tZvh ;c/d pZsy B{z
jz; (SWAN) wzB fbnk ikt/ sK e'Jh nc;'; BjhA. go fJj gZeh pks
j? fe jz; B[wk pZsy, eK d/ ;q'to fJPBkB s'A gqrN BjhA j'Jh. T[jBK dh
nZi Gh nkgDh fJZe nbZr B;b j?. fJ; ;q'to d/ gkDh B{z PoXk t;,
nzfwqs nky fbnk iKdk j?. eh nzfwqs Bkw eoD Bkb gkDh nzfwqs pD
iKdk j?< ;ko/ Pfjo dk Bkw Gh sK nzfwqs;o jh j?, eh Pfjo ftu'A
(123)
p[okJhnK dk G'r g? fgnk < nkw PfjoK tKr jh u'ohnK, mZrhnK, esb,
foPtsK, pbkseko BP/HHHHHHH. eh j? fJE/ i' tyok j?< dopko ;kfjp
ftu r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp B{z wZEk N/eD ;ko, nZr/ N[oBk g?Adk j?, feT[Afe ;zrs
ftu p?m e/ ehosB ;[BD bJh irk pVh ;hws j?. fgSb/ gk;/ ikJhJ/ sK
fJZE/ cZNh s/ fbfynk fwb/rk ^ “ nzfwqs dk u{bk fgZS/ jZNe/ bt' ih
”. g[ZSD s/ ;/tkdko B/ fJoPkd c[owkfJnk ^ “w{zj ftu'A i{mk j'
u[fenk nzfwqs tkg; Bk fvZr/, toBk ;'qto d/ nzfwqs B{z i{mk eo
d/t/rk ”. g[ZfSnk frnk gJh n"j ;kjwD/ fJ;/ ;q'to ftu i' ;?AeV/
b'e Bjk oj/ jB, T[j nkgD/ i{m/ w{zj, pkjo iwQK eotk nkJ/ jB<
T[j sK nkgD/ g?o Gh ftu v'p oj/ jB. j'o sK j'o iZE/dko ih `
nkgDh “jrDh w[{sDh ” Gh ewb/ b'e nzfwqs ftu v'p oj/ jB, fJj
nzfwqs sd'A GfoPN gbhs BjhA j' iKdk < r[o{ c[owkB j?^
nzX/ nebh pkjo/, w{oy nzX[ frnkB[..
BkBe Bdoh pkjo/, epfj B gktfj wkB[.. (790)
T[J/ GfbU g[oy' ` i' fdwkr tkfjr[o{ ih B/ pyfPnk j?, T[; dh
edh :'r tos'A Gh eo'r/ fe e'ok (nD tofsnk) jh tkg; G/i fdUr/<
okth dfonk pkeh nkw dfonktK tKr, gjkVK ftu'A fBZeb e/, gmkDe'N
s'A T[gob/ gk;/, y[bQ/ w?dkBh fJbke/ ftu nk T[sodk j?. fgZS/ gjkVK ftu
sK iB ihtB BKj d/ pokpo j?, eZuh fwZNh Gh BjhA j?, fJ; bJh gkDh
;tZS ofjzdk j?. fJ; s'A nZr/ ihtB gotkj pj[sk, gP{ gzSh, nkgDhnK
b'VK g{ohnK eod/ jB. dfonk d/ B/V/ t;/ PfjoK, BroK e;fpnK dk
;kok rzdk gkDh, wb w{so, BkbhnK d[nkok dfonktK ftu g?Adk eo fdZsk
iKdk j?. B/V/ bZrhnK c?eNohnK dk wbpk s/ d{fPs gkDh Gh, dfonktK
ftu tjk fdZsk iKdk j?. feBkfonK s/ gP{ uod/ jB, wZMK rktK u[ZGhnK
bkT[AdhnK jB. pj[s ;ko/ gP{ s/ wB[Zy woB s/ ftu o'jV fdZs/ iKd/ jB.
gkDh nzdob/ iht vZv wZS eZS{e[w/, wrowZS nkfd nDfrDs S'N/ tZv/
iht, dfonktK ftu jh iBw b?Ad/ jB, ihtB fefonktK eod/ jB, ftu/
wo iKd/ jB. po;ks ftu T[FZuhnK EktK dk ;kok rzd, e{Vk, euok gkDh
(124)
Bkb o[V e/ dfonk ftu nk g?Adk j?. fJ; dfonkJh gkDh ftu'A dopko
;kfjp bJh gkDh gqkgs ehsk iKdk j?. iok mzY/ fdwkr fco ;kok BePk
nZyK nZr/ fbnkT[ fe fJj gkDh fezBk okjK fezBK jkbksK okjhA nzfwqs;o
gj[zfunk j?. fco fJE/ g[ZifdnK jh fJj “nzfwqs” fet/A pD frnk<
nzfwqs dk nZyoh noE j? “ fi; ib d/ ghD Bkb w"s Bk nkt/”. fJE'A
bZyK b'eK gkDh ghsk j?, eh T[j nwo j' rJ/< ih BjhA T[j ;ko/ Gh w"s
dk rqk; pD/ jB. nZi d/ b'N{ g[ikoh Gh nwo BjhA jB, fe;/ t/b/ Gh c{e
fBeb ;edh j?. fgZS/ fJfsjk; tZb Mksh wko bU. ;q'to dh rZb SZv',
yzv/ eh gkj[b b?D tkb/ Gh ;oho eoe/ nwo BjhA j'J/. gktB r[opkDh
gVQB ftukoB tkb/ Gh, ;dht BjhA iht/. fiBQK ;fseko :'r ;fsg[oyK B/
gktB r[opkDh T[ukoD ehsh ;h, ;oho eoe/ T[j Gh ftdk j' rJ/. T[jBK
y[d jh ;theko ehsk j? pkDh ftu fe GkJh ;oho ;dk BjhA oj/rk ^
epho fJj[ sB[ ikfJrk ;ej[ s b/j[ pj'fo..
BKr/ gktj[ s/ rJ/ fiB e/ bky eo'fo.. (1365)
id'A fJ; ;ZukJh B{z fe;/ Sb co/p Bkb M{mbkfJnk jh BjhA ik
;edk, fe ;oho B/ ;dk fEo BjhA ofjDk, i' iBfwnk j? T[; ;ogo jh
woDk j?. fco okth dfonk dk ;kXkoD gkDh, pk^ok;sk dopko ;kfjp
j' e/ shU ekb nzfwqs BjhA pD iKdk. fJ; tZv/ “nzfwqs e[zv” dh oh;
eofdnK pkDh dk gkm eoB t/b/, B/V/ e?Bh, xVk, b'Nk, p'sbK nkfde
gkDh gk e/ fNek fdZshnK iKdhnK jB. Bkb jh fJZe ;qhcb (Bkohnb) ;qh
rD/P ih dh g{ik tkbk oZy fbnk iKdk j?. fJ; nk; Bkb fe fJ; ftu
r[opkDh gqt/P eo ikt/rh. gkm ;wkgsh s/ gftZso “nzfwqs” Se btKr/.
Bkohnb dh froh yk btKr/. p/Vk gko, b'e gqb'e d/ ;[y, pkDh dk “cb”
fpBK ;[D/ fpBK ;wM/ fe;/ r?ph Pesh Bkb nzdo dkyb j'D dk Gow gkb
b?Ad/ jB , fJj nkfrnkBh PoXkb{. uoB gkj[b d/D tkb/ wjKg[oy,
(n;b ftu wjK w{oy) ;ko/ fco feT[A trdh rzrk ftu u[ZGh Bk bkT[D <
T[j c{eK wko e/, wzso gVQe/, gkDh, sths, nkN/ d/ g/V/ d/ e/ rktK wZMK
s/ PoXktkB phphnK B{z d[ZX g[Zs dhnK dksK dhnK MVhnK bk fdzd/ jB.
(125)
ekP fJj pkp/ P'qwDh ew/Nh d/ ;skJh ;kb oj/ gqXkB r[uoB f;zx N"jVk
B{z fJZe d' g[Zso pyP fdzd/ fi; d/ e'Jh T[bkd BjhA j? ;h. r[o{ BkBe ih
dh tZvh G?D p/p/ BkBeh d/ xo nT[bkd BjhA iBwh, fe;/ ib iK wzso
g[so gqkgsh BjhA j'Jh.
nkU fJj t/yD dh e'fPP eohJ/ fe gktB r[opkDh ftu “nzfwqs”
feBK noEK ftu nkfJnk j?. (r[o{ rqzE e'Pekoh noE ^ ;zgkde vkL
r[ouoB f;zx, gqekPe gzikph :{BhL gfNnkbk, ftu'A)
1H Bkw^ nzfwqs Bkw[ wzfB t;kJ/.. 118
2H r[opkDh ^ ‘nzfwqs’ pkDh ;dk ;bkj/ nzfwqfs nzfwqs[ gktfDnk.. 118
3H p'bDk ‘nzfwqs’ p'b? ;dk w[fy t?Dh.. nzfwqs t/y? goy? ;dk B?Dh.. 118
4H ;fsr[o{ ^ ;fsr[o ftfu ‘nzfwqs’ Bkw[ j? nzfwqs[ ej? ejkJ/.. 1423
5H j[ew^ nwodkf; ‘nzwos’ Ssq r[o okwfj dhnT[.. 1408
6H fdqPNh ^ ‘nzfwqs’ fdqPfN ;zfu ihtkJ/.. 191
7H wZyD ^ o;Bk Bkw igj[ sp wEhn? fJB fpfX ‘nzfwqs’ gktj[.. 728
8H d[ZX^ ;'fJB eN'oh ‘nzfwqs’ Goh.. b/ Bkw/ jfo nkr? Xoh.. 1163
9H ;oho^ ‘nzfwqs’ ekfJnk oj? ;[ykbh pkih fJj[ ;z;ko'.. 154
10H nkfpj:ks^ fMw fMw to;? ‘nzfwqs Xkok’.. 102
11H feogk^ nzdo[ bZGk okw Bkfw ‘nzfwqs’ Bdfo fBjkb[.. 48
12H T{u/ ^ fijt/, ‘nzfwqs‘ jfo r[D rkT[.. 1219
13H fwm/ puB ^ fij gq;kfd p'bfj ‘nzfwqs’ o;Bk.. 269
14H G'iB ^ fij gq;kfd Sshj ‘nzfwqs’ ykfj.. 269
15H ftek; ^ fpy[ ;/ ‘nzfwqs’ GJ/ r[owfs p[fX gkJh..
nej[ gowb[ GJ/ nzsfo tk;Bk t;kJh.. 565
fiBK wB[Zysk d/ d[PwDK B{z p/ohnK (d[y GziBh< ) ;o'toK, o[wkfbnK,
ghjfVnK, eVkj gqPkfd tr?ok s'A uzrh u'yh ewkJh j' iKdh j't/, T[jBK B{z
eh b'V j?, v{zxh y'i eoB bJh, y'gVh B{z tkX{ ePN d/D dh< fe;/ v/o/
ftu wZMK B{z gZm/ gkU, r'jk e{Vk u[Ze', v//o/dko dhnK bZsK pkjtK dh wkfbP
eo', gqPkd/ pDkU s/ ykU. fJ; soQK rVtJh pDe/ ftukofdnK e[M eZuh
(126)
gZeh pkDh f;Zy bT[. tes nkT[D s/ iK s/ v/o/ d/ w[Zyh pD ikT[. iK BtK
v/ok fe;/ ftjbh gJh Pkwbks iwhB t/y e/, j'o BjhA sK ;Ve$Bfjo d/
feBko/, SZgV N'G/ bkr/, Mzvk rZv fdU.
pkpk (r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih) ih dh ykw'Ph dk Gog{o ckfJdk
T[mkT[fdnK, gqekP fbnk eo'. i/ ezw uZb frnk sK ;koh T[wo bJh
jbtk wzvk tkX{, p/nzs u/b/ u/bhnK d/ tjho ub/ nkT[Dr/. i/ fes/ fe;/
oki;h pzd/ Bkb ;KM g? rJh sK dopko ;kfjp dk rqzEh, j?v rqzEh, iZE/dko
s/ f;zx ;kfjph tkbk pN/ok Gh g?o EZb/ nk ;edk j?. w"iK jh w"iK ;/teK
B{z, e[okj/ gkU, s[jkvh woih. i/ e'Jh f;o fcfonk fsV fcV eo/
“j[ewBkwk” dkr d/ gzE ftu'A eZY wkoB tork ‘T[geko’ eo d/Dk.
fi; gktB Ppd d/ nBoE eoB dk r[Bkj ehsk frnk j?, T[; d/
doPB eo', gJh fet/A eK s'A jz; pfDnk ;h ^
d[owfs GkrjhB wfs che/, Bkw ;[Bs nkt? wfB o'j?..
eT{nk ekr eT[ nzfwqs o;[ gkJhn?, fsqgs? ft;Nk ykfJ w[fy r'j?..
nzfwqs;o[ ;fsr[o[ ;fstkdh, fis[ Bks? eT{nk jz;[ j'j?.
BkBe XB[ XzB[ tZv/ tvGkrh, fiBQ r[owfs Bkw[ fod? wb[ X'j?.. 492
;zy/g ;ko ^ G?Vh ws tkb/, fcek p'bD tkb/, B/eh T[geko dh uzrh
rZb ;[De/ r[Z;/ ftu nk iKd/ jB.
fJj eK fposh tkb/ fJB;kB jB, fit/A eK uzr/ gdkoE SZve/, r'j/
s/ rzdrh yk e/ y[P j[zdk j?. nzfwqs tor/ frnkB, r[DK Bkb Gog{o,
;ZukJh d/ wkor s/ ubD tkb/, ;fsr[o{ ih d/ frnkB ;o'to ftu, eT{nk
fposh wB[Zy i/ nk ikt/ sK eK fposh s'A jz; (Gbh ws) fposh pD ;edh
j?. j/ BkBe` XzBsk :'r jB T[j wB[Zy tZv/ GkrPkbh jB, fiBQK G?Vh wZs
fsnkr e/, ;fsr[o{ ih dh uzrh (nzfwqs torh) ws gqkgs eo bJh. fszBK
B/ r[o{ d/ T[gd/P d[nkok fjod/ nzdo'A ftekoK dh w?b X' e/ pkjo eZY
;[ZNh. fJ; g{o/ Ppd ftu'A fJZe gzesh u[Ze e/ r[ows s'A T[bN noE
eoe/, gquko/ rJ/ jB. ;fsr[o{ ih e'Jh G[[b/yk BjhA ofjD d/ oj/, go ;kv/
mZr bkD/ B/ nfij/ M{m p'b e/, G'bhnK ;zrsK B{z y{p b[ZfNnk j? s/ r[wokj
(127)
ehsk j?. feZE/ fj;kp j't/rk fJjBK gzE d'yhnK dk < r[opkDh ftu rZb
;wMkT[D bJh nB/e gP{ gzShnK, ehV/ we"fVnK dk fIeo nkfJnk j?.
go nfijk eK s'A jz; dh eg'b ebgBk fes/ BjhA fwb/rh. nrb/ gzfBnK
s/ r[opkDh ftu eK dk ufoZso tZy' tZy o{gK ftu t/y'.
1H M{m/ eT[ Bkjh gfs BkT[.. epj{ B ;{uk ekbk ekT[A..(839)
M{m/ ftnesh dh ekjdh fJZis < fit/A eK BjhA ;[Xodk ekb/ wB
tkbk Gh nkdsK s'A pkI BjhA nkT[Adk.
2H ir[ eT{nk w[fy u[zu frnkB[.. nzsfo b'G[ M{m[ nfGwkB[..
;z;ko d/ b'e e/tb eK tKr e?A e?A sK eod/ jB, go v{zxk frnkB
e'Jh BjhA j?. nfij/ tkX{ dk p'bD tkb/ nzdo'A b'Gh M{m/ s/ jzekoh jB.
3H fenk jz;[ fenk pr[bk ik eT[ Bdfo eo/fJ..
i' fs;[ Gkt? BkBek ekrT[A jz;[ eo/fJ (91)
gow/;[o fi; s/ fwjotkB j' ikt/ T[j T[FZsw j' iKdk j?. tkfjr{o
feogk eoe/ pr[bk fposh tkb/ s/ eK fposh tkb/ iht B{z jz; fposh tkb/
pDk ;edk j?, (r[o{ dh f;Zfynk gqkgs eoe/)
4H pr[bk ekr Bhu eh ;zrfs ikfJ e[ozr fpy{ w[fy bkJhn?..
BkBe w/fb w/fb gqG ;zrfs fwfb ;zrfs jz;[ eokJhn?..(881)
Bhu fJB;kB fej' fij/ jB< pr[bk fposh tkb/, eK d/ ;[Gk tkb/.
nfij/ Bhu b'eK d/ w/b Bkb, fJjBK tork jh ;[G pD ikt/rk. j/
tkfjr[o{ ih w?B{z gqG{ d/ fgnkfonK dh ;zrs pyP d/thA sK fe T[FZsw g[oyK
dh ;zrs ;dek w?A Gh T[uh p[ZXh tkbk jz; tork pDk iktK.
5H pr[bk ekr B ojJh ;ofto i/ j't? nfs f;nkDk..
UBk foie[ B gkfJU UE? UBk j'o'' ykDk.. (956)
fit/A pr[bk s/ eK ;kc ib tkb/ ;o'toK s/ BjhA ofjzd/, feT[Afe T[j
rzdrh ns/ ehV/ ykD d/ nkdh jB i' fe ;o'toK s/ BjhA SZgVhnK s/ fwbd/
jB. fJ; soQK BhthA neb tkb/ b'e, ;fsr[o{ ih dh ns/ Gb/ r[of;ZyK dh
;zrs BjhA eod/. p[fonK e'b jh ik jkio j[zd/ jB.
6H ebo e/oh SgVh eT{nk wfb wfb BkfJ..
(128)
sB[ wB[ w?bk ntr[Dh fuzi[ Goh rzXh nkfJ..
;oto[ jzf; B ikfDnk ekr e[gzyh ;zfr..
;kes f;T[ n?;h gqhfs j? p[Mj[ frnkBh ozfr.. (1411)
fit/A eZbo ftubh rzd/ gkDh tkbh SgVh j't/, eK tork rzdk gzSh
rzd/ gkDh ftu ;kc j'D dh e'fPP eo fojk j't/. fJ; eK dh jkbs fJj
j? fe sB Gh bp/V fbnk, wB' nZr/ jh y'Nk j?. fJjB/ sK wkB' j'o pdp{
gqkgs eo bJh. ;wM' wBw[y fJB;kB, wBw[yK s'A B/eh ns/ r[DtkB pDB
dk Gow gkb fojk j't/. wBw[y B/ jz; tKr fposh Bk pDkJh, ;fsr[o{ d/
frnkB o{g ;o'to dk bkG Bk fbnk. j/ frnkBtkB b'e'` p[o/ wB[ZyK dk
;kE ehfsnK fteko jh gZb/ g?Dr/. fJjBK s'A B/eh BjhA fwbDh.
7H e'fN fpxB fs;[ bkrs/ fi; B' fp;o? BkT[A..
BkBe nBfdB[ fpbgs/ fiT[A ;[zt? xfo ekT[A.. (522)
T[; wB[Zy B{z nDfrDs fteko nk dp'ud/ jB, fi; B{z oZph :kd
ft;o ikt/. j/ BkBe fco jo o'I fJT[A ftobkg eod/ jB, fit/A eK B{z
ykbh xo'A N[Zeo Bk bZG/, pB/o/ p?mk ftbedk j?.
8H Xofs ;[jktVh nkek; ;j[zdk igfdnk jfo BkT[A..
BkBe Bkw ftj{fDnk fsB sB yktfj ekT[A..
gqG{ B{z :kd oZyD tkb/ Gb/ fJB;kBK bJh e'Jh p[ok BjhA j?, T[j
;kfonK B{z fgnko eod/ jB. T[jBK dk ;'u wzvb y[Zbk nkekP tork,
;/tk bJh ;koh Xosh j?. Bkw ns/ r[DK s'A ;ZyD/ wB[ZyK B{z e'Jh fgnko
BjhA eodk. T[jBK B{z nzsw ;w/A e'Jh b/y/ bkT[D tkbk Gh BjhA fwbdk.
fiE/ wo/ d/jh ;Vdh rJh. eKtK nkfd ihtK B/ yk bJh. Gkt nzdo'A
fteko yk iKd/ jB.
9H fcfo fcfo ckjh ck;? eT{nk.. fcfo gS[skBk np fenk j{nk..(935)
ckEk u'r u[r? BjhA p{M?.. ;fsr[o fwb? s nkyh ;{M?..
eK fposh tkbk wB[Zy pko pko rbsh eodk j?. ;wM BjhA j[zdh
go nebwzd j'D dk M{mk Gow gkb b?Adk j?. p; fJ; bJh cf;nk
gSskT[Adk Gh ofjzdk j?, ftekoK B{z SZv Gh BjhA ;edk. ftekoK ftu
(129)
roe j' u[Zfenk j[zdk j?, ni/ Gh wB Gfonk BjhA, ;wM BjhA nkJh.
nro fes/ ;fsr[o{ dh T{uh ws XkoB eo bt/, sK uzrk wzdk ;keko
;gZPN BIo nk ikt/ s/ ftekoK s'A pu ikt/rk.
10H ekrT[A j'fJ B T{ibk b'j/ Bkt B gkfo..
fgow gdkoE[ wzfB b? XzB[ ;ztkoD jko[.. (1090)
j/ GkJh eK ed/ ;c/d BjhA j[zdk, fJ;/ soK eJh tkoh y'Nh p[ZXh tkbk
B/e ;bkj wzBD s'A fJBekoh j' iKdk j?. tkfjr[o{ dk Bkw wzBD Bkb, r[o{
dh ws b?D Bkb pdb ;ehdk j?, T[j ;tkoD tkbk XzB j?.
11H f;y jz; ;otfo fJem/ j'J/, ;fsr[o e? j[ewkt?..
osB gdkoE wkDe ;otfo Gog{o/,ykfJ yofu oj/ s'fN B nkt?..
;fsr[o{ ih dh f;Zfynk b? e/ uZbD tkb/ jz; ;[Gk tkb/ r[of;Zy ;zrs
ftu i[Vd/ jB. r[o{ dk frnkB o{gh osB gdkoE w'sh, gqkgs eoe/
fjod/ ftu t;kT[Ad/ jB. fJj ;fsr[o{ ih d/ frnkB dh g{zih ed/ w[Zedh
BjhA. bZyK b'eh fJ; gftZso T[gd/P Bkb so rJ/ jB.
12H r[o[ ;oto[ jw jz; fgnko/.. ;kro wfj osB bkb pj[ ;ko/..
w'sh wkDe jhok jfo i;[ rkts wB[ sB[ GhBk j/..(1027)
j/ GkJh ` n;bh ;o'to ^ frnkB dk ;kro ^ ;fsr[o{ j?. fJ;
frnkB B{z gqkgs eoB tkb/ f;Zy jh n;b ftu jz; jB. ‘r[o{ ;kro‘ ftu
pV/ r[D jB, fBwosk Bkb fizB/ ih ukj/, fjod/ o{gh GKv/ ftu gkT[Ad/
ofjDk. w'sh jho/ n;b ftu eh jB< r[o{ dh fdZsh ws T[FZsw ihtB
iku. fJjBK r[DK B{z rkT[AfdnK w/ok nkgDk nkgk B/eh uzfrnkJh tkb/
T[FZsw fJB;kBh r[DK Bkb Gog{o j' iKdk j?. fJ;/ soQK rbs noEK ekoB
nzfwqs;o, ;q'L ew/Nh d/ f;Zy nikfJp xo ftu fJZe ebgs pkpk cohd
ih dk woD feBko/ gJ/ dk fuZso pfDnk t/fynk ik ;edk j?. ;kjwD/ eK
p?mkfJnk j?, pkpk ih fit/A nky oj/ j'D ^ “ eKtK B/ w/ok ;kok wk; yk
fbnk, e/tb jZvhnK ofj rJhnK. j/ ektK w/ohnK d't/A nZyK BK ykthA,
ni/ w?B{z y[dk t/yD dh nk; j? ”.
ekrk eozr Yzv'fbnk,;rbk ykfJnk wk;[..
(130)
fJj d[fJ B?Bk ws S{jT[ fgo d/yD dh nk;.. (1382)
rZb wB[Zy B{z ;wMkT[Dh ;h, jtkb/ nB/e ihtK, gP{nK gzShnK, e[ZfsnK
eKtK, o[ZyK fpoyK, g[oksB GrsK, d/th d/tfsnK d/ fwb ikDr/. ss;ko
fJj fe f;Zy e/tb fJZe nekb g[oy dk g[ikoh j?. i' r[opkDh ftu
fbfynk j?, f;Zy bJh T[jh ;Zu j?. d[BhnK s/ g[ikoh eh efjzd/ jB, fJ;
dh gqtkj BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh.
wfB w?b? ;G[ feS[ w?bk sfB X's/ wB[ jSk B j'fJ..
fJj[ irs[ Gow G[bkfJnk ftobk p{M? e'fJ.. (558)
shoE[ jwok jfo e' Bkw[.. r[fo T[gd/f;nk ss[ frnkB[.. (1142)
ekPh dh Xosh B{z ;dhnK s'A gftZso Xosh j'D dk Y'b
tikfJnk frnk ;h. j'o s/ j'o i/ e'Jh fJB;kB ekPh ftu wo/ sK f;ZXk
;tor b'e ftu dkyb j't/rk. wB w'jDhnK gohnK T[; dk ;[nkrs
eoBrhnK. ;dk Bku rkD/ s/ y[Pp{dko Pokp Bkb wd w;s j'J/ j[;hB
ngZSoktK Bkb ozr obhnK wBkT[Ad/ oj'r/. i/ ;tor dk fNeN S/sh
gqkgs eoBk ukj[zd/ j' sK nkgDk ;kok wkb n;tkp g[Zsoh gsBh, ;G
g[ikoh d/ jtkb/ eo fdT[. g[ikoh ih “gftso wzso” gVQBr/, d' wId{o
eotZso (nkok) fyZuDr/. ;oho d' ckV uhfonk ikt/rk. s[ozs gqkD
gzy/o{ ;tor Xkw g[Zi ikt/rk. p'b G'b/ BkE eh i?.. ;dhnK s'A jh rzrk
d/ gkDh B{z gftZso j'D dh v"Avh fgZNh rJh. iBw b?D tes pZu/ d/ w{zj
ftu rzrk ib gkT[Dk, gftZso eow. ihtB pshs eofdnK eJh gkg
T[skoB bJh rzrk s/ fJPBkB eoBk. pqkjwDK B[z{ w{zj wzfrnk dkB d/Dk,
g?;k ;'Bk p;so, rT{nK, x'V/ s/ i/ j' ;e/ sK itkB gsBh p/Nh Gh dkB
ehsh ik ;edh j?. T[sBk jh tZX cb fwb/rk. fco gqkDh d/ wo/ s'A
T[;dhnK jZvhnK rzrk xkN ftu gkT[DhnK, pj[s ;kok dkB eoBk.
wfonk ftnesh ;tor ftu g[Zi ikt/rk. nzB/ PoXkb{ rzrk feBko/ ik e/
pZfunK, tZfvnK d/ e/; eNtk e/ dkB eoe/ fJPBkB eoBk, gftZso ekoi
;wMd/ ;B. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp B{z g[ZShJ/ eh j[ew eod/ jB^
w{zfv w[zvkfJn? i/ r[o{ gkJhn? jw r[o{ ehBh rzrksk..
fsqGtD skoDjko[ ;[nkwh J/e B u/sf; nzXksk. (wHñ^155)
(131)
n? w{oy b'e' i/ e/; w[Bk d/D Bkb, gow/Po fwbdk j't/ sK w?A rzrk
d/ xkN s/ ik e/ e/; eNtk fdnK. go sob'eh B{z skoD tkbk tkfjr[o{ j?
Bk fe rzrk dk gkDh. s[;hA nfrnkBsk ftu nzB/ b'e e[okj/ g? u[Ze/ j'.
fJzB fpzB fJjh rZb nZi dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o ns/ ;o'to Bkb BZEh
eo fdZsh rJh j?. ny/ r[opkDh d[nkok ;o'to dk gkDh gftZso pD
frnk. fJ;/ bJh fco gkm j' oj/ tes, Bkohnb xVk bzro gq;kfd ;ko/
jh gftZso pD rJ/< sK dZ;' wB[Zy feT[A gftZso BjhA j' oj/, T[jBK d/
nzdo'A fteko feT[A BjhA ysw j' oj/< r[opkDh sK ;gheoK dhnK ezB
gkVthnK nktkiK okjhA jo o'I ;ko/ fgzvK PfjoK ftu ;[DkJh iKdh j?, eh
;[DB tkb/ ;ko/ gftZso j' rJ/< o/vhU sozrK okjhA r[opkDh jtk ftu c?b
iKdh j?, ;?N/bkJhN okjhA NhH thH okjhA d[BhnK Go ftu ;[DkJh d/ ojh
j?. eh ;koh jtk ;koh d[BhnK gftZso j' rJh< ;G p[okJhnK dh iVQ
g[ZNh rJh< gzikp dk f;Zy nytkT[D tkbk spek 90% e/; eNtk uZ[fenk
j?. fJsBk e[ bkDk BfPnK dh y[Zbh tos'A eo fojk j?. tfjw Gow gkyzv
fJjBK “r[o{ fgnko” tkfbnK nzdo Bek BZe Go/ gJ/ jB. nyzv gkmK
;gheoK nkfd B/ b'eK d/ wBK B[z{ gftZso feT[A BjhA ehsk< jK pj[s ;ko/
b'eK dk s'oh c[bek r[opkDh dh nkV ftu y{p ubdk nk fojk j?.
Pq'wDh ew/Nh d/ ;kpek ;eZso r[opuB f;zx puB B/ gzikph fNqfpT{B
fwsh 18H11H03 ftu wbth i[pkB okjhA ;theko ehsk j? fe “;o'to dk
gkDh rzdk j'D eoe/ gfjbK 1980 ftu fcbNo brtkJ/ ;B. god{PD tX
ikD ekoB okth dfonk ftu pj[s ;kohnK c?eNohnK dk wbpk s/ d{fPs
gkDh ;[ZfNnk ik fojk j?. nkpkdh pj[s tX rJh, wPhBoh pj[s nk
rJh. fJ; bJh fcbNo bZr/ j'D d/ pkti{d gkDh ;kc BjhA j' ;fenk.
wkfjo ftneshnK B/ f;ckoP ehsh j? fe j'o uzr/ fcbNo bkJ/ ikD
toBk wjKwkoh c?b ;edh j?. nwohek d/ NqK;g'No GoktK B/ tXhnk
fcbNo yohd e/ fdZs/ jB i' bkJ/ ik oj/ jB.
fJj fcbNo gkDh ;kc eoB bZr gJ/, go ektK s'A jz; pBD dh
co/ph ejkDh dk j[D eh ehsk ikt/rk< BthBheoB< wPhBK fcbNo bkJ/
;o'to dh ;ckJh Gh eokJh. fJ; ;o'to ;ckJh d/ BkNe ftu okiBhsh
(132)
y/bh rJh. n?B u'DK dh sohe B/V/ nkT[D s/ ;kok co/p ehsk frnk sK fe
f;ZyK dhnK GktBktK B[z{ t'N ftu pdfbnk ik ;e/. fJjBK jh fdBK ftu
tkigkJh s/ nvtkBh ih Gh nk “;/tk” ftu Pkwb j'J/. feT[Afe gfjbK
jh fJjBK s'A g[ZS e/ fJj soheK fB;fus ehshnK rJhnK ;B. XzB f;Zyh
XzB ;/tk s/ XzB ;kvk *ekbh bhvo.
rohph ekoB gzikp dk B"itkB do do GNe fojk j?, r[ows s'A
;ZyDk j?, fe;kB y[de[PhnK eo oj/ jB. tkj w/oh e"w d/ wbkj' pfbjko`
s[;hA ;'B/ uKdh d/ s;b/, ejhnK Bkb “eko ;/tk” eo oj/ j'< dopko
;kfjp B{z ;'B/ ftu wVQ oj/ j'< d; eo'V f;ebh fro s/ tDikok f;Zy o'Nh
s'A nks[o j?, sB' Bzrk j?, gkDh f;js ;j{bsK, ykDk, gVQkJh, r[ows dh
ikDekoh, T[jBK sZe e[M Gh ed/ BjhA gj[zfunk s/ s[;hA r[odtkfonK s/
wkopb brtk oj/ j'< “J/H ;hH fcN eotk oj/ j'< o'w ;V fojk j? Bho'
pz;oh tik fojk j?”, fJ;/ B{z BjhA nkyKr/< f;ZyK dh wkBf;e froktN
fJE'A sZe g[Zi rJh j? gfjb'A rzrk dk gkDh xoK ftu ;KG e/ oZfynk iKdk
;h. fco dopko ;kfjp ;o'to dk ib ;KfGnk ikD bZrk s/ j[D eko ;/tk
okjhA ;o'to ftu'A fBebh fwZNh rko B{z xoK ftu ;KG e/ oZfynk ikt/rk.
pj[s ;ko/ PoXkb{ fwZNh xoK B{z fbiKd/ t/y/ rJ/ jB. e[M fJZe fInkdk
PoXktkB fJ; fwZNh B{z gq;kfd ;wM e/ yKd/ Gh j'Dr/. PhP/ d/ wospkBK
ftu fwZNh gk e/ ;?bcK s/ ;ikJh ikt/rh. i/ gftZso r[opkDh B/, r[o{ dh
nkswe ntki B/, X[o eh pkDh B/, s[jkvk e[M BjhA ;ztkfonk sK fwZNh eh
;ztko d/t/rh< fwZNh s/ uoBX{V iK ;o'to ib, fJjh T[FZsw j' frnk< r[o{
fgnko tkfbU ;'u', ftuko' r[opkDh jh wjkB j?. fJ;/ s'A nrtkJh bT[.
ftekoK B{z fsnkr' B/eh tkbk ;[Zuk ihtB pshs eo'. fJj' r[opkDh dk
j[ew j?. r[opkDh B{z noEK ;w/s gVQB dh y/ub eo'.
nkgBVk wB[ t/uhn? f;o[ dhi? Bkb/..
r[ow[fy t;s[ gSkDhn? ngBk xo[ Gkb/.. (420)
r[o eh ;/tk ;' eo/ fi;[ nkfg eokJ/..
BkBe f;o[ d/ S{Nhn? dorj gfs gkJ/.. (421)
[[[[
(133)
*wzrb fe wzso<wzrb fe wzso<wzrb fe wzso<wzrb fe wzso<wzrb fe wzso<
fiBQK :'oghB d/PK ftu n;hA ofj oj/ jK, fJjBK d/PK ftu fbyD
p'bD, ftuko gqrN eoB dh w[ezwb nIkdh j?. poskBhnK dh gkobhw?AN
ftu ;Gk d/ ;gheo dh e[o;h s'A T[FZgo fJj nZyo fby' j'J/ jB^ “Gkt/A
w?A s[jkv/ ftukoK Bkb ;fjws Bk Gh j'tK, go w?A s[jkB{z p'bD, ftuko
gqrN eoB dh g{oh nIkdh fdnKrk”. fJZe ;wK ;h pqkjwD B/ Xow d/
Bkw s/ oZi e/ M{m p'fbnk, ekbgfBe eEktK tkb/ rqzEK s/ Xow dk b/pb
bk fdZsk. Xow d/ Bkw s/ b'eK B{z ;dhnK s'A b[ZN e/ ykXk s/ e[okj/ Gh
gkfJnk. iks gksh tzvhnK Xow d/ Bkw s/ gkJhnK. n"os B{z ;ko/ jZeK
s'A tKMh eo fdZsk frnk, Xow d/ Bkw s/. fJ;soh B{z gsh d/ woB s/,
T[; B/ Bkb fuyk ftu ;VB s/ wip{o ehsk frnk, wB[yK dh pbh fdZsh
rJh HHHH;G Xow d/ Bkw s/. T[go'A f;sw iohch fJj gJh fJ; fJB;kBhns
s'A fro/ j'J/ gkg eow d/ fto[ZX fe;/ B{z ipkB y'jbD dh Gh nkfrnk BjhA
;h. prkts eoB tkb/ B{z, e'j e'j e/ esb eo fdZsk iKdk ;h, Xow d/
Bkw s/. pqkjwD dhnK fJjBK wzd fposhnK ekoB Gkos ;'B fuVh,
d[BhnK d/ jwbktoK B/ g?oK ftu o'b fdZsh. fJE/ ijkbs nkT[D dk ekoB
;h fe ftek; d/ ;ko/ okj g[ikoh B/ ngDh fBZih n?P gq;sh tk;s/ okyt/A
oZy bJ/.
Gkt/A pqkjwDh ftukoK dh ofjzd y{zjd ni/ pE/oh pkeh j?, go fJj
Gh ;Zu j? fe nZi y[ZbQ e/ pqkjwDh eo{osk fto[ZX ntkI T[mkJh ik ;edh
! fJj b/y fJzrb?Av d"o/ tes fby e/ T[E'A d/ nypkoK bJh G/fink frnk ;h i'
Skfgnk BjhA frnk. ^ b/ye
(134)
j?. fJXo ykb;k gzE d/ pkBh ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ jo/e fe;w d/
gkyzv fto[ZX i'odko nktki p[bzd ehsh. ihtB e"seK d[nkok, s/ nkgD/
r[opkDh o{gh nw[Zb/ T[gd/PK okjhA, EK EK gkyzv eow d/ goyu/ T[vkJ/.
jkbks dk d[ydkJh gZy fJj j? fe f;Zyh ;o{g XkoB eoe/ nDfrDs
pqkjwDh ;'u tkb/ ftnesh, r[od[nkfonK s/ ekpi j' u[e/ j'J/ jB. fiBQK
B[{z r[opkDh dh e'Jh ;'Mh BjhA, fJfsjk; dh tkech BjhA, f;Zy ofjs
wfonkdk pko/ gsk BjhA, nodk; sZe eoBh nkT[Adh BjhA, T[j b'e
r[odtkfonK d/ (;ko/ fJZe' fij/ BjhA jB) “wkbe” iK eosk Xosk jB.
ofjzdh e;o g{oh eo fdZsh v/o/dkoh, f;;Nw ftu gb/, nXgVQ/, gqukoeK
B/. jo pqkjwDh eow eKv, fpBk fe;/ dbhb s'A, fjZe d/ skD, r[ows dk
b/pb fugek e/, f;Zy ;wki ftu gquZbs eokT[D bJh nZvh u'Nh dk I'o
bkfJnk j'fJnk j?. nZi d/ b/y ftu e/tb “w{b wzso” pko/ dbhbK s/
;p{sK ;fjs ftuko ehsh ikt/rh.
gfjbh rZb fJj fe fJ; dk Bkw fe;/ Gh g[oksB rqzE ftu iK GkJh
;kfjp r[odk; ih dh ouBk ftu “w{b wzso BjhA j?”. fJ; B{z “wzrb”
iK wzrbk eoB” nkfynk frnk j?. fJj r[opkDh d/ T[gd/P s'A gfjbK,
;zy/g o{g ftu gqwkswk dk nsh ;ze'utK Ppd fuZso j?. fJ; ftu
T[gd/P BjhA fdZsk frnk, f;oc nekb g[oy dh j;sh pko/ Gktg{os
;zy/g ikDekoh fdZsh rJh j?. fJ; dk w{b gkm fJj j? ^
Å ;fsBkw eosk g[oy[ fBoGT[ fBot?o[ nekb w{ofs ni{Bh ;?Gz
r[o gq;kfd.. fJ; s'A nZr/ f;ob/y j?.. ig[.. T[; s'A nZr/ j? ig[ih
;kfjp d/ nkozG dk fJZe ;b'e ^ “nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[.. j? Gh ;u[
BkBe j';h Gh ;u[..ñ.. j[D fJZe fJZe B[es/ B{z r"o Bkb ftukoBk.
T[go tofDs “wzrb” r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftu 33 (s/sh) tkoh nkfJnk
j?. fe;/ fJZe Ekt/A Gh Bkb “nkfd ;u[ ”HHHHtkbk ;b'e BjhA j?. gktB
pkDh ftu j'o ;zy/g o{g ftu fJjh “wzrb” nZm tkoh nkfJnk j?, go
fes/ Gh nkfd ;u[ HHHtkbk ;b'e Bkb BjhA j?. fJj wzrb pkeh gktB
pkDh ftu gzi ;" SZph (526) tkoh tofsnk frnk j?, go fe;/ fJZe Ekt/A
(135)
Gh Bkb nkfd ;u[ HHHtkbk ;b'e BjhA j?. r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih ftu wzrbK
dh tos'A nbZr nbZr o{gK ftu, gzi ;" ;skjm tkoh j'Jh j?. fe;/ EK Gh
Bkb nkfd ;u[ HHHHHtkbk ;b'e fbfynk BjhA fwbdk. fiZE'A fJZe tkoh
fbfynk t/y e/, fjZe d/ skD Bkb, BZEh eoB dh e[u/PNk ehsh rJh j?,
T[E'A dh fbysh pDso t/y' ^ (wzrb s'A pkd) .. ig[..
fJj “ig[” eh ;ze/s eodk j?< fe nr'A ig[ pkDh P[o{ j' ojh j?.
fJj ig[ pkDh dk f;ob/y j?, BjhA sK ig[ pkDh dk f;ob/y jh BjhA
bG/rk. fet/A gsk bZr/rk fe fJ; pkDh dk Bkw eh j?<
nZr'A nkfd ;u[ HHHtkbk Pb'e fby e/ BkBe j';h Gh ;u[ s'A pkd
“..ñ.. d't/A pzB/ d' d' vzvhnK s/ ftueko “J/ek” gkfJnk j'fJnk j?.
wsbp fe fJj fJZe “.. ñ..” ;b'e j?. fJ; s'A nZr/ gT[Vhtko ig[
pkDh P[o{ j[zdh j?^ ;'u? ;'fu B j'tJh HHHHHgT[Vh dh ;zg{oDsk “BkBe
fbfynk Bkfb” s/ j[zdh j?. gT[Vh d/ ;zg{oD j[zfdnK jh frDsh
nze.. ñ.. gkfJnk frnk j?. fJ; s'A ;kc gqrN j? gfjbK “.. ñ..”
frDsh nkJh ;h fJZe ;b'e tk;s/. d{ih tkoh “.. ñ..” fJZe frDsh
nkJh Bzpo fJZe gT[Vh tk;s/. wzrb tk;s/ ;ko/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu fes/
frDsh BjhA j?. nZr'A gT[VhnK dh frDsh (38) nmZsh sZe ubdh j?.
nyho ftu fco “e/sh S[Nh Bkfb” s'A pkd “.. ñ..” fJZe frDsh gkJh
rJh j?, fe fJj fJZe ;b'e j?. e[b gzi ;" ;skjm tkoh wzrb dh tos'A
eofdnK, ;fsr[o{ Bkb “nkfd ;u[ HHHfbyDk GZ[bd/ rJ/< eh T[jBK e'b
fbyD dh ftjb BjhA ;h< iK eh T[jBK e'b'A f;nkjh ekrI dh ewh nk
rJh ;h< iK eh T[j f;Zy gzE B{z d[fpXk ftu gkT[Dk ukj[zd/ ;B< ih BjhA
` w/o/ ;fsr[o{ gke ihtB tkb/, d{o nzd/P jo soQK dhnK ewhnK s'A
ofjs, oZph r[DK Bkb Gog{o ;B. i' T[jBK fbfynk j? T[; B{z fJzB fpzB
;theko eoBk jh r[ows j?, nkgDh nbg p[ZXh ;fsr[o{ ih s/ E'gDh
wBw[yskJh j?. gzi ;" fSnkjm tkoh wzrb dk i' ;o{g r[od/t ih B/
fsnko ehsk j?, fJj “pj[sh neb tkb/” gqtkB BjhA eod/. go fJZe
tkoh ig[ih dh P[o{nks t/b/ fbfynk ;b'e, fpBK fe;/ soe wzrb Bkb
(136)
BZEh eo oj/ jB. “;fsr[o{ ih Bkb'A fInkdk f;nkD/ HHH”< ;'u'`
eh nkfd ;u[ HHHtkbk ;b'e j'D pko/, e'Jh r[opkDh ftu'A gqwkD
fwbd/ jB< ih jK` ;[ywBh ;kfjp ih dh ;skothA nPNgdh s'A gfjbK,
fJjh ;b'e fbfynk j'fJnk j?, jo e'Jh nkgDhnK nZyK Bkb t/y ;edk
j?. fJpkos j? ;b'e[.. nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[.. j? fG ;u[ BkBe j';h
fG ;u[.. GZp/ (G) nZyo B{z ig[ih Bkb ;pzXs ;b'e ftu fpjkoh (h) bZrh
j'Jh j?. id'A fe ;[ywBh ;kfjp ftu GZp/ (G) nZyo B{z f;jkoh (f) bZrh
j'Jh j?. pkeh fbysh nZyoK brK ftu e'Jh coe BjhA j?. fJ; d/ noEK
ftu Gh e'Jh nzso BjhA j?. fJ; soQK sK ;'do[ HHHtkbh gT[Vh, ig[ pkDh
ftu tyo/ sohe/ fbyh j?, fJjh gT[Vh ;'do[ ofjok; ftu j'o Yzr Bkb
fbyh j?. go fJ; gT[Vh dh w{b GktBk, noE ftukoK ftu e'Jh nzso
BjhA j?. go fJE/ sK gzuw r[od/t ih B/ G[b/yk ofjD jh BjhA fdZsk, ;kc
fby fdZsk “^;b'e[.. nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[ ”..HHHj[D i/ e'Jh nZyK s/
gZNh pzB e/ nkyh ikt/ s[;hA ;ko/ rbs j', i/ w?B{z ;{oi BjhA fdZ;dk sK
s[jkB{z Gh BjhA fd;Dk ukjhdk. go ;koh d[BhnK B{z nZyK s/ gZNh pzBD dh
e'Jh wip{oh BjhA j?. fJ; bJh i' fd;Dk ukjhdk j? T[j uzrh soQK fdZ;
fojk j?. nfij/ b'eK d/ fgZS/ edh “nZyK tkb/” BjhA N[fonk eod/.
e[M ftneshnK$iE/pzdhnK tZb'A jbe/ w/b dh dbhb fdZsh iKdh j?
fe pkpk dhg f;zx d/ uZeo T[go wzrb d/ Bkb “nkfd ;u[ HHHH” Gh
fbfynk fwbdk j?, fJ; bJh “j';h Gh ;u[” sZe jh wzrb j?. go :kd
oZyDk, ;kvk r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp j?, pkpk dhg f;zx dk ueo r[o{ BjhA j?.
pkpk dhg f;zx fJZe f;Zy ;h r[o[{ BjhA ;h. Bkb/ T[; ueo T[go sK ig[ih
dhnK e/tb fJZeh (21) gT[VhnK T[FZeohnK$fbyhnK j'JhnK jB. eh
ig[ih dhnK nmZsh (38) gT[VhnK Bk wzB e/ fJZeh gT[VhnK jh wzB
bJhJ/< r[o{ eh gftZso ouBk r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih Bkb'A pkpk ih dk ueo
fInkdk ftPtkP :'r j'fJnk< fJ;/ soQK dopko ;kfjp ftu dkyb j'D
tes, wzrb s'A pkd Bkb “nkfd ;u[”HHH tkbk ;b'e Gh fbfynk j'fJnk
fwbdk j?. fJ; dh dbhb Gh ftnesh$iE/pzdhnK fdzdhnK jB. go tho'
(137)
dopko ;kfjp dhnK ezXK s/ j'o pj[s e[M fbfynk j'fJnk j?. fesA' e'Jh
Ppd fes'A e'Jh gT[Vh HHH. gzShnK gP{nK dhnK s;thoK Gh tkjhnK
j'JhnK jB, T[jBK pko/ eh ftuko j?< ezXK s/ fbfynk r[o{ gdth B{z gqkgs
BjhA j?.
;qh nekb sys ;kfjp d/ nzdo, ezXK s/ gZe/ ozrK d[nkok wjKGkos
s/ okwkfJD dhnK ejkDhnK B{z do;kT[D tkb/, nB/e fuZso pD/ j'J/ ;B.
i' fe ;kek Bhbk skok t/b/ nekb sys ;kfjp Yfj ikD s/ ysw j' rJ/.
;zB 1906 sZe dopko ;kfjp dhnK gqeowk ftu, fjzd{ d/thnK d/tfsnK
dhnK gZZEo w[{oshnK dh Po/nkw g{ik j[zdh ;h. ;fsekos j;sh GkJh
ekjB f;zx ih BkGk B/, nzfwqs;o d/ fvgNh efwPBo s'A nkfrnk b? e/,
g[fb; c'o; fbnk e/ fJj p[Zs pkjo ;[NtkJ/ ;B. i/ e'Jh b'VhAdk ;p{s
fe;/ ekoB r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu'A Bk fwb/ sK GkJh r[odk; ih s'A gZ[ShJ/,
GkJh Bzd bkb ih s'A g[ZShJ/, fJj gzE gqtkfDs ftdtkB jB. fJjBK s'A
pkd “f;Zy ofjs wfonkdk, i' gzE gqtkfDs, nekb sys ;kfjp tZb'A
gqtkfDs j?, T[; s'A g[ZShJ/. fco e'Jh Pzek BjhA oj/rh. t?;/ r[o{ rzqE
;kfjp ftu'A ;G e[M gqkgs j?, fco pkjo feT[A GNehJ/< r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp
w[skpe wzrb dk ;jh ;o{g fJj j?^
Æ;fsBkw[ eosk g[oy[ fBoGT[ fBot?o[ nekb w{ofs,
ni{Bh ;?Gz r[o gq;kfd..
nZr/ ig[ih dk f;ob/y j?...ig[.. nZr/ ;b'e j?^
nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[.. j? Gh ;u[ BkBe j';h Gh ;u[..ñ..
i' ftnesh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z r[o[{ ;theko eodk j? T[; tk;s/ fJj
r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp tkbh ftXh jh wzBD:'r j?. i' fe;/ ftnesh iK v/o/dko
B[{z r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp Bkb'A tZvk wzBh p?mk j?, iK e'Jh iE/pzdh nkgD/ nkg B{z
gzE s/ r[o{ rzqE Bkb'A ;[gohw ;wM ojh j?, T[; pko/ c?;bk ;{MtkB f;ZyK
B/ eoBk j? fe nZr'A jkbks Bkb fet/A BfiZfmnk ikt/< nfij/ b'eK B{z fet/A
BZE gkJh ikt/< wzso pko/ sK j'o pj[s EkJhA eJh o{gK ftu r[opkDh ftu'A
gqkgs j?. gVQ' nZr/ fdZs/ rJ/ gqwkD
(138)
(1) r[o ek puB[ ifg wzs[.. J/jk Grfs ;ko ss[.. 895
(2) wB wfj ikfg Grtzs[.. r[o g{o? fJj[ dhB' wzs[.. 896
(3) r[o eh ;[ofs fBefN efo ikB[.. r[o ek ;pfd ;fs efo wkB[.. 897
(4) r[o ek T[gd/;[ ;[Bhi?.. BkBe ;[fy ;jfi ;whi?.. 896
(5) ;u fpB[ ;s[ ;zs'y[ gkt?.. fpB[ r[o w[es B, nkt? ikt?..
w{b wzsq jfo Bkw[ o;kfJD[ ej[ BkBe g{ok gkfJnk.. 1040
(6) phi wzsq ;op e' frnkB[.. uj[ toBk wfj ig? e'T{ Bkw[.. ;[ywBh
(7) wjK wzsq r[o fjod? pf;U nuoi Bkw[ ;[fBT[ oh.. 384
(8) phi wz[sq jfo ehosB[ rkT[.. nkr? fwGh fBEkt? EkT[.. 891
(9) ;u fpB[ ;s[ ;zs'y B gkt?.. fpB[ r[o w[efs B nkt? ikt?..
w{b wzsq[ jfo Bkw[ o;kfJD[ ej[ BkBe g{ok gkfJnk.. 1040
(10) ;[Bs igs jfoBkw i;[ skeh d{fo pbkJh..
wjk wzsq BkBe eE? jfo e/ r[D rkJh.. 814
;koz;L n;b ftu r[o{ dk T[gd/;a iK j[ew ;koh r[opkDh jh w{b wzso,
wjK wzso, r[owzso s/ phi wzso j?. tZy' tZyo/ ;apd wkbk c/oB
bJh iK igD bJh u[DB/ w{oysk j?. fJj w{oysk Ne;kbK s/
v/fonK B/ pj[s c?bkJh j?. r[of;Zy wkJh GkJh ;ktXkB j't',
toBk b[ZN/ ik oj/ j'.
[[[[
(139)
“f;Zy nodk;f;Zy nodk;f;Zy nodk;f;Zy nodk;f;Zy nodk;” ^ ni'e/ gq;zr ftuni'e/ gq;zr ftuni'e/ gq;zr ftuni'e/ gq;zr ftuni'e/ gq;zr ftu
f;Zy ;wki ftu ‘nodk;’ gqsh pVh Xkofwe PoXk j?. r[o{ ekb
s'A jh nodk; fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftu j[zdh nkJh j?. f;Zy ftukotkBk B/
‘r[opkDh’ ns/ ‘fJfsjk;’ ƒ tkue/ ‘nodk;’ dk fJe ;o{g fBPfus eo
fdZsk j?, i' fe ;opZs \kb;k tZb'A gqtkfBs ‘f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk’ ftu
nzfes j?. gzEe fJe;kosk ƒ wZd/ BIo oZyfdnK, T[jh nodk; ;kƒ
;kfonK ƒ ;dk eoBh ukjhdh j?. T[AR ;z;ko d/ ;ko/ jh b'e, fe;/ Bk
fe;/ o{g ftu nodk; eod/ jB. fJj jo/e Xow dk nzr ;theko eo
bJh j'Jh j?. jo fJB;kB n"y/ tes nodk; s'A ;jkok b'Vdk j?.
;op^PeshwkB oZp ih nZr/ fBwosk ;fjs, wZdd eoB bJh sobk
eodk j?. nodk; dh b|Ih noE j? L noiOdk;s. fBwosk ;fjs
p/Bsh. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ nkgD/ w[ykofpzd s'A T[ukoB ehsh pkDh d[nkok Gh,
;kƒ nodk; eoB dh ftXh ;wMkJh j?. fJE/ thukoB:'r rzGho w;bk
fJj j? fe fit/A jo o'I ;w;s f;Zy ;wki tZb'A p/nzs YzrK, ftXhnK Bkb
nodk; ehsh iKdh j?. go eh fJj ehsh rJh nodk; g{oh Gh j[zdh j? <
nyzv^gkm, ;fji gkmK d/ nDfrDs G'r gkJ/ iKd/ jB. gfotko dh
uVQdh ebk bJh, fgzv dh ;[y^PKsh bJh, t'NK ftu ekw:kph jk;b eoB
bJh, bVeh^bVe/ bJh, nzB^XzB bJhHHH. ns/ j'o nB/e ekwBktK dh
g{osh bJh gkm ehs/ eokJ/ iKd/ jB. fpBk PZe, nodk;K Gh eJh^eJh
tkoh d[jokJhnK iKdhnK jB. eh fJ; soQK wB fJZSs gqkgshnK j'
iKdhnK jB< ;ko/ ftrV/ ekoi ok; j' iKd/ jB< eh r[opkDh e'Jh wzsq
ikg j?< ;dhnK s'A pqkjwDK tZb'A do;kJ/, gquko/, wzsoK, ikgK B/ wB[Zy
wkso dk edh e[M ;ztkfonk Gh j?< d[BhnK ftu tZ;D tkbhnK nB/e
(140)
IkshnK, ephb/ ;wki dk i' ;o{g n;hA nZi t/y oj/ jK, fJj eKfJnk
ebg eh wzsoK, gkmK B/ ehsk j?< fijV/ d/P nZi ftek; dhnK p[bzdhnK
S'j oj/ jB, fiBQK nkgD/ BkrfoeK bJh ;kohnK ;[y ;j{bsK w[jZJhnk
eotk fdZshnK jB. eh T[j wzso^ikgK, gkmK iK nodk;K Bkb ;cbsk
dh f;yo s/ g[Zi/ jB, fe f;nkDg ns/ w/jBs Bkb ekw:kp j'J/ jB< f;Zy
gzE ftu bZyK dh frDsh ftu jo o'I gkm, nodk;K ehshnK$eokJhnK
ik ojhnK jB< f;ZyK dh ni'eh dPk fe;/ ftnkfynk dh w[jski BjhA j?.
T[go tofDs w;fbnK ƒ nzBh PoXk dh tbrD ftu'A fBeb/, frnkB
(r[opkDh) d/ ukBD ftu yb' e/, rzGhosk Bkb ftukoB dh b'V j?.
nfrnkBsk dh fi; x[zwDx/oh ftu'A ;fsr[o{ ih B/, wB[Zysk ƒ
w[es eoB dk T[geko ehsk ;h, f;ZyK` edh T[; pko/ ;'uD dk ePN Gh
ehsk j?< gkm ns/ nodk;K “ftXh g{ote” eotk e/ f;Zy, wBpKSs
gdkoEK s'A tKM/ feT[A ofj iKd/ jB < ekw:kph feT[A jZE BjhA nkT[Adh <
eh r[opkDh ftu e'Jh ewh j? iK nodk; ftu fes/ xkN j?< fes/ fJj sK
BjhA fe f;ZyK B/ okj jh rbs u[D fbnk j't/. feT[Afe fJj sK g{oB Go';k
j? fe gktB r[opkDh ftu e'Jh ewh BjhA j?. nkU` iok mzv/ fdb, fJBQK
ekoBk dh gVu'b eoB dk T[gokbk eohJ/.
wB[Zy wkso dh fJj e[dosh fcsos j? fe T[j fpBK ;oho ƒ
ePN fdZs/, ;w;s gdkoE gqkgs eoBk b'udk j?. ykD^ghD s/ gfjBD s'A
b? e/ fIzdrh dhnK ;ZG' \[PhnK sK G'rDhnK jB, go T[jBK tk;s/ ;oho
ƒ skn BjhA d/Dk ukj[zd/. T[Zdw eoB dh EK nkb; dk fPeko j' iKd/
jB. nkb/^d[nkb/ rj[ Bkb gVu'b eohJ/. ;z;ko d/ pj[ frDsh b'e,
;oho ƒ ePN d/D s'A ;ze'u jh eod/ jB. nfij/ nkb;h pzd/, id'A e[ZM
fjzwsh b'eK ƒ ;[y^;j{bsK wkDd/ t/yd/ jB, ;wki ftu T[BQk dk ;fseko
j[zdk sZed/ jB, sd'A nkgD/ bJh th, fpBk jZE fjbkfJnK ;G/ fBjwsK dh
e{Vh nk; sZed/ jB. fJj nkb;h b'e eJh tkoh ;z;koh frnkB ns/
Xow d/ T[usw n;{bK s'A Gh e'o/ jh t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. nfijh wkBf;e
d[fpXk ftu, y[adroi, b[N/o/ g[ikoh s'A, id'A nrtkJh b'ud/ jB, sd'A
(141)
g[ikoh b'e, fJBQK nBikD, G'b/ PoXkb{nK ƒ g{ik eoB, wzso oND, pkDh
gkm eoB iK nodk; eokT[D dh “B/e ;bkj” fdzd/ jB. ftPtkP
fdtkfJnk iKdk j? fe ;zs ih, pkpk ih tZb'A ehsk frnk ftXh^g{ote
gkm, ikg[ s[jkv/ ;ko/ ePNK ƒ B/;s'^Bkp{d eo d/t/rk. fJ; iBw ftu
jh ;ko/ ;[y BjhA fwbDr/, ;r'A gob'e ftu th ;ko/ ;[y G'rd/ oj'r/. jZv
GzBthA ;\s fwjBs Bkb'A fJj okj ;[ykbk ns/ PkNeZN BIo nkT[Adk j?.
g[ikohnk tZb'A (fJ; g[Ikoh Pq/Dh ftu r[zwokj eoB tkb/ fjzd{, f;Zy,
Jh;kJh, w[;bwkB ;ko/ jh Pkwb jB) “ftXh^g{ote gkm$wzso ikg s/
nodk;” eokT[D dh ;bkj fdZsh iKdh j?. nkgD/ tZb'A ehsh rJh fJ;
“;/tk” dh uzrh w'Nh ch; t;{b bJh iKdh j?. b'Vtzd nBikD PoXkb{
ftnesh, dZ;/ rJ/ ;ko/ \ou/ s/ j'o y/ub, fJ; ftPtkP Bkb MZbdk j? fe
\ou s'A jIkoK r[DK tZX gqkgsh j' ikt/rh. fit/A d[ekBK s'A jo soQK dhnK
t;sK o[gJ/ \ou e/, s[ozs yohdhnK ik ;edhnK jB. fJ;/ soQK gkm,
wzso, ikg, nodk; dk cb Gh yqhd b?D dk e{Vk Gow gkb fbnk iKdk
j?. pkpk ih tZb'A dZ;hnK rJhnK o;wK g{ohnk eoB s/ Gh i/ wB fJZSs
gqkgsh BjhA j'Jh, sK ;pzXs gqkDh$gfotko T[;/ g[ikoh s'A n;cbsk dk
ekoB g[Sdk j?. fco fJj dZf;nk iKdk j? fe s[;hA d;hnK rJhnK
;kohnK o;wK mhe Yzr Bkb BjhA fBGkJhnK. fes/ e'Jh ewh ofj rJh
j?, ub' s[jkv/ tk;s/ d[pkok fJjh ekoi fBGkT[Ad/ jK. \ouk ns/ ;oXk
GktBk ftu e'Jh ewh BjhA ofjDh ukjhdh. iK fco nBikD gfotko fe;/
j'o v/o/ s/, j'o pkp/ d/ uoBK s/, ik ;h; M[ekT[Adk j?, wB'ekwBktK dh
S/sh g{osh dh nk; Bkb. T[; v/o/ s/ Gh fJe pVk ukbke fPekoh u'r
fybko e/, fPeko ƒ ckj[D bJh xks bkJh T[vhe fojk j[zdk j?. fJjh
toskok fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftu ;dhnK s'A s[fonk nk fojk j?.
phs/ jIko e[ ;kb ftu Gkosh izsk iBkodB Bkb i' phsh T[j
e'Jh ebw fpnkB BjhA eo ;edh. fJ; d/P ƒ pVh p/ofjwh Bkb b[ZfNnk
frnk, p/gZs ehsk frnk. ;w{j esbkwk ehshnK rJhnK, d'^d' g?;/ w[b
ftu, fJE'A Ipoh u[Ze e/ b? ikJhnK rJhnK ;[zdohnK, riBh d/ pIkoK
(142)
ftu Bhbkw j[zdhnK ojhnK. wzdo Ykj/ rJ/ “GrtkBK” dhnK w{oshnK
s'VhnK rJhnK. d/P^tk;hnK e'b'A ;G e[M y'j e/, G[Zy/ woB bJh wIp{o
eo fdZsk frnk. d[BhnK d/ fizB/ d/P }[bkw oj/ jB, PkfJd Gkos fJe'
fJZe nfijk d/P j't/rk, fi;B/ ;G s'A bzwk ;wK }[bkwh dk dod jzvkfJnk
j?. nro j'o fgSKj Mksh wkohJ/ sK nkohnB (ftd/PK ftu'A nk e/ tZ;/
b'e) jwbktoK B/ Gkosh w{b ;ZfGnsk ƒ g{oh soQk fwZNh ftu fwbk fdZsk
;h. nkohnk g[ZsoK dk fbfynk “Xow rqzE fort/d” ;p{s tk;s/ g/P
ehsk ik ;edk j?. fi; ftu w{b GkoshnK dk ;otBk; eoB dhnK
rkEktK ft;Eko ;fjs fbyhnk fwbdhnk jB. T[gozs :{BkB s'A nkfJnk
:'Xk, f;ezdo Gh ;G ƒ :kd j't/rk. fJj fXnkB ftu oj/ fe fJ;
d/tfsnK, ntskoK, foPhnK^w[BhnK, ;zsK^GrsK d/ d/P ftu, E'e ftu
Grsh ehsh ik ojh ;h. ubhj/ eZN/ ik oj/ ;B. wzso ikg s/ j'w iZr
pj[s ehs/ ik oj/ ;B. Xow yks/ ftu gP{nK dk jh BjhA, wB[ZyK dk Gh
“pbhdkB” ehsk ik fojk ;h. nB/e sohe/ gZsohnK tku e/, P[G wj{os
eZY/ ik oj/ ;B. i'fsP ns/ N/t/ bkJ/ ik oj/ ;B. wkbktK c/ohnK ik
ojhnK ;B. w{oshnK tkb/ GrtkBK ƒ ;[nkdb/ gdkoEK d/ G'r brtkJ/
ik oj/ ;B. wzdo ftu NZb$;zy r{zIK gk oj/ ;B. fszB ;" nmkjm shoEK
s/ fJPBkB eoe/, gftZsosk gqkgs ehsh ik ojh ;h. g[ikoh b'e fto'XhnK
ƒ ekp{ ftu oZyD tk;s/ ;okg d/ e/ “G;w eo d/D” dk nrBpkD, ;dk
fsnko oZyd/ ;B. PoXk fjs nzB^XB s/ XhnK, nogD eoB tkb/
PoXkb{nK ƒ “todkBk” dhnK SfjpoK bk fdnk eod/ ;BHHH. “wro,
woi pVsk frnk fiT[A^fiT[A dtk eh.”
wjkB goT[gekoh, fJBebkph ;{ow/, tkfjr[o{ ih tZb'A to';kJ/,
T[; dk \k; o{g, ;fsr[o{ BkBe fBozekoh ih Xosh s/ nk gqrN/. T[BQK
;w[Zuh wB[Zysk d/ efbnkD fjZs, v{zxh ;'u ftuko ehsh. ;dhnK dh
}[bkwh rb'A bkT[D tk;s/, nfrnkBsk dh BhAdo ftu'A irkT[D tk;s/,
ewo eZ;/ eo bJ/. }[bkwh oki;h, }[bkwh Xkofwe, }[bkwh ;wkie,
}[bkwh n"os dh. }[bkwh s/sh eq'V d/th^d/tfsnk dh. fiE/ ;fsr[o{ ih
(143)
B/ d/P^ftd/PK ftu ik e/ nkgD/ gftZso puBK okjhA b'eK ƒ jb{fDnk,
Bkb'^Bkb nkgD/ ftukoK ƒ fbysh o{g Gh fdzd/ rJ/. ;fsr[o{ ih Gbh
gqeko ikDd/ ;B, fe nDfrDs p[okJhnK s/ }[bkwhnK dk \kswk wzsoK,
gkmK iK e/tb nodk;K okjhA \sw BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. i/ fe;/ wzso iK
gkm Bkb wB[Zysk dk Gbk j' ;edk j[zdk sK T[j sK ;woZE r[o{ ;B, fJe'
tkoh nzso^fXnkB j' e/, e'Jh wzso gVQ SZvd/. T[gozs fJekro fuZs,
nekb g[oy d/ uoBK ftu, ;opZs d/ Gb/ tkbh tXhnk fijh nodk; eo
d/Ad/. fpBK PZe T[j nZi d/ f;ZyK^;kXK iK ;zsK Bkb'A eq'V doI/ tXhnk
nodk; eoB dh ;woZEk oZyd/ ;B. nZi gVQ/ ik oj/ wzsoK Bkb'A fes/
T[Zsw wzso Gh T[j ikDd/ ;B. T[BQK tZb'A ehsh rJh p/Bsh, nekb g[oy
d/ do s/, S/sh jh gqtkB j' ikDh ;h. fJZe' tkoh r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ;Zu/
gksPkj tZb'A ehsh nodk; d[nkok, ;w;s ;z;ko d/ d[ZyK, eb/PK, ftekoK,
}ohph, }[bkwh nkfd dk ykswk j' ikDk ;h. ;ko/ ;z;ko d/ Bk ;jhA
nkgD/ jw tsBh Gkos G{wh d/ t;BheK d/ d[Zy sK d{o eo fdzd/. T[jBK
ƒ nkgD/ f;ZyK ;/teK Bkb pj[s fgnko ;h, fJBQK d/ ePN Bftsoh tk;s/
jh e'Jh wzso gVQ iKd/, nodk; eo fdzd/HHH.
go BjhA` ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp uzrh soQK ikDd/ ;B fe I[pkBh
iwQK \ou Bkb fJ; G'bh b'ekJh dk e[ZM BjhA ;ztoBk. ;r'A T[BQK bZyK
w[PebK MZb e/ bzw/ g?v/ s?j eoe/ ny"sh eokwksh ;kX{nK ƒ Mzi'V e/
irkfJnk. d/P ftu tkgo ojh d[odPk, spkjh, G[ywoh, I[bw'^f;sw
pko/ ft;Eko Bkb ikDekoh fdZsh. gkyzv eow d[nkok G'b/ b'eK ƒ Bk
b[ZND dh ;'Mh fdZsh. nkgD/ f;ZX/^;kd/ rkvhA^okj pko/, ukBDk gkfJnk.
\[d ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[gd/P jh BjhA ehsk ;r'A b'e GbkJh bJh m'; nwbh
T[dw nkozG eo fdZs/. gksPkj T[wo Go wB[Zysk d/ ePN fBtkoD fjs
fdB^oks i[N/ oj/. fJ;/ goT[gekoh ekoi ƒ fBozso uZbdk oZyD bJh,
nkgDh EK r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ih ƒ fIzw/tkoh ;"Ag rJ/. T[BQK B/ Gh wzso
ikg gkm iK e/tb nodk; d[nkok b'ekJh dk Gbk j'Dk ;theko BjhA
ehsk. ;r'A brksko ;zxoP;hb oj/ *s/ f;Zy bfjo ƒ pj[gZyh frnkB
(144)
p\Pe/ j'o gquzv ehsk. i/ fJe fwzN tk;s/ ;theko eo bJhJ/ fe PKsh
d/ fdBK ftu Gkt/A wzsoK^izsoK dh Io{os BjhA gJh, go r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp nkgD/ gzit/A ;o{g ftu id'A ikpo j[ewokBk dh JhB Bk wzBfdnK,
nB/eK ePN ;oho s/ MZb oj/ ;B. fJe jcsk brksko fdb ezpkT{ s;hj/
d/D s'A pknd Pjhd eo fdZs/ rJ/. T[; n"y/ tes sK e'Jh wzso T[jBK ƒ
gVQ jh d/Dk ukjhdk ;h. eh ;ko/ jhb/ w[Ze ikD s/, nkyoh jfEnko d/ s"o
s/ fe;/ wzso ƒ tofsnk ikDk rbs ;h < eh x'o ;zeN d/ ;w/A, fBozeko
d/ do nodk; okjhA ;jkfJsk wzrDh, fe;/ r[owfs d/ f;XKs dh T[bzxDk
;h< nkyoh nw'x pkD d/ s"o s/ wzso gVQe/ d[PwD dh skes ƒ BPN
BjhA eoBk ukjhdk ;h < S/t/A BkBe (r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp) ih tZb'A d'
sbtkoK XkoB eoBhnK, c"iK, febQ/, x'V/ s'gK nekb s\s ;kfjpHHHH.
eh nodk; iK fe;/ wzso ikg Bkb d[PwD dk wbhnk^w/N BjhA ehsk ik
;edk ;h < fco feT[A < fJsB/ tZv/ I'\w Go/ gqpzX eoB/ fezB/ n"y/, s/
wzso ikg iK nodk; tkbk ekoi nsh ;[y?B. ;"yk okj fsnkr e/,
fpyV/ g?Av/ uZbDk, f;Zy ;/te Pjhd eotkT[D/, nkgDk \k; fNekDk,
nzfwqs;o SZve/, ehosg[o tk; eoBk, fJBQK w[PebK s'A ;fji/ jh pfunk
ik ;edk ;h, wzsoK d[nkok. nkg' nkgD/ tes, wB[Zysk dk Gbk eofdnK,
;ko/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ wzsoK d[nkok iK fe;/ }?ph Pesh okjhA, d[Zy d{o
eoB dk edh ftPtkP BjhA fdtkfJnk. d;t/A ;fsr[o{ ih B/ nB/eK
w[PebK dk Nkeok ehsk. eohp u"dK \{Bh izrK bVhnK. p/nzs f;Zy
Pjhd j'J/, uko/ ;'jD/ bkb Xow :[ZX ftu e[opkB j'J/. nzs ;w/A nkgDk
nkgk Gh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ b/y/ bk fdZsk. fGnkBe w[;hpsK, d[Zy, G[Zy,
nDfrDs PjhdhnK eh P"Ae g{oB tk;s/ jh ;B< wzso, to, ;okg, ikg
iK nodk; j'o fe; tk;s/ ;KG e/ oZyh j'Jh ;h. w[;hpsK MZbD dh Ekt/A,
eokwksh PeshnK dh tos'A jh eo b?Ad/. go BjhA, nfijk ;fsr[o{ ih B/
e[ZM Bk ehsk. Bk jh f;ZyK ƒ eokwksh PeshnK iK }?ph skesK s/
ftPtkP oZyD dk j[ew ehsk. BKjh fJj j' ;edhnK jB. feT[Afe T[;
;w/A Gh bZyK gkyzvh ;kX eokwksh j'D dk Y'b pj[s T[Zuh tik oj/ ;B.
(145)
go wB[Zy wkso d/ okJh wkso ;zeN ƒ d{o Bk eo ;e/. fJzB^fpzB w"I{dk
;w/A ftu, nfij/ nB/e pfjo{ghJ/ ;kX^;zs, nkgD/ eokwksh j'D dhnK
y{p vhrK wkod/ jB. wB[Zysk dk Gbk eoB s'A fJj ;ko/ jh n;woE
jB. jK i'eK tKr izsk dk \{B ghD' osh Go fMie BjhA eod/.
d;w gksPkj jI{o s'A pkd, BZp/ ;kb sZe, brksko pjkdo f;Zy
;{ofwnK B/ I[bw dk \kswk eoB tk;s/ s/} tkjh, ;h; eNtkJ/, pzd^pzd
i[dk eotkJ/, uoyVhnK s/ uVQ/, f;oK d/ w[Zb gJ/, xo^pko T[iV/, izrbhA
tk; ehsk. nf;j s/ nefj ePN ;jko/. eh fJBQK ;ko/ ehwsh ikBk
e[opkB eoB tkb/, ;h; sbh s/ Xo, w?dkB ftu i{MD tkb/, r[o{ e/ bkbK
ftu'A e'Jh Gh wzso ikg, eokwksh PeshnK iK nodk; okjhA, ekoi
f;ZXh eoBh BjhA ikDdk ;h < i/ w{zj I[pkBh wzso ikg Bkb ekoi ok; j'
;ed/ ;B, fco \{B d/ dfonk soB dh eh Io{os ;h < ;fsr[o{ dh py;h
ofjB[wkJh ftu uZbfdnK, w[rbK dh }[bkwh rb'A T[skoh, sK r'fonK nk
GkoshnK ƒ }[bkw pDk Xfonk. r'oh ;oeko B/ fjzd[;skB ƒ T[AR sK
400 ;kb b[ZfNnk, go f;ZX/ Yzr 200 ;kb uzrh frZdV e[N ehsh. fJBQK
s'A nkIkdh gqkgs eoB bJh Bt/A f;foUA fco d/P gq/wh woihtV/, f;oK d/
eZcD pzB e/, xo'A fBeb gJ/. p/nzs s;hj/ MZb/, ekb e'mVhnK ftu
i[nkBhnK rb rJhnK. ekb/ gkDhnK dh ;Ik eZN e/ e'Jh ftobk jh
tkg; nkfJnk j't/rk. \{B dhnK BdhnK tjk e/, bkPK d/ ;ZEo T[;ko e/,
fco fes/ nkIkdh^okDh d/ doPB B;hp j'J/ ;B. ;ko/ fjzd';skB ftu
;kX{nK, ;zfBnk;hnK, i'rhnK, pqkjwDK, sgZ;thnK dk e'Jh gkoktko
BjhA ;h. go fe;/ wjkswk B/ e'Jh ikd{^wzso Bk SZfvnk, ikg, j'w iZr
Bk ehsk. sK fe fpBK ikB^wkb d/ xkD s'A, fpBk bzwh wko{ izr s'A,
nkokw Bkb nkIkdh^d/th nk Gkr bkT[Adh. f;ZyK ftu Gh pj[s ;ko/
dwri/ wkoB tkb/ ;kX ;zs ;B. nfrnkBh PoXkb{nK ƒ E'e ftu
poesK tzv oj/ ;B. wzsoK^sthsK, XkfrnK, gkmK, nodk;K d[nkok
;zeN w'uB eo oj/ ;B. fJj ;ko/ ‘wjKg[oP’ nkIkdh dh izr ftu fjZ;k
gkT[Ad/ fes/ fuokr b? e/ Gh Y{zfvnK BjhA fwbd/. eohp nmtzik ;kb j'
(146)
rJ/ jB, d/P nkIkd j'J/ ƒ, go ;ko/ w;b/ T[;/ soQK |Bhno Bkr tKr,
w{zj nZvh fGnkBe o{g ftu yV/ jB. }ohph, fpwkoh, nBgVQsk,
foPtsy'oh, ;zgodkfJesk nkfd nB/e w[;hpsK fteokb o{g Xkoh yVhnK
jB. Gkos ftu gzikj bZy ny"sh ;kX wzso ikg, sgZf;nk iK :'r
f;ZXhnK okjhA, nkgD/ gk; n;hw PeshnK j'D dhnK vhrK wkod/ BjhA
EZed/. izsk ƒ r[wokj Gh eod/ jB. s/ T[BQK rohpK dk \{B pVh p/^ofjwh
Bkb Xow dk b/pb bke/ vekod/ jB. fJBQK ;kXK^;zsK B/ fJe Gh w;bk
jZb BjhA ehsk eokfJnk. ;oekoh Ipo d/ fto[ZX edh I[pkB sZe BjhA
y'bQh. b'eK d/ d[Zy xND dh Ekt/A tZXd/ jh ik oj/ jB.
f;Zy ;wki d/ ;Bw[Zy e[ZM ;tkb rzGho u[D"sh tKr dog/P jB.
nro wzso ikg gkm d[nkok, ;kXK ;zsK tZb'A ehshnK nodk;K d[nkok
nZi sZe (fteb'so/ e/; ƒ SZv e/) f;ZyK dk iK wB[Zysk dk e[ZM ;ztfonk
BjhA, (ftrfVnk pj[s j?) fco gqzgoktK iK wfonkdktK dk eh ehsk ikt/
< i/ r[opkDh dk “cb gqkgs” BjhA j[zdk, i/ ftXh g{ote ehsh “nodk;”
;[Dh BjhA iKdh, fco ehsh jh feT[A ikt/ < gkme iB' xpok Bk ikDk,
pj[s seV/ j' e/, fdb s/ gZEo oZye/ rzGhosk Bkb fJBQK ;tkbK d/ i[nkp
bZGD/ g?Dr/. gktB r[opkDh ;fsr[o{ ;kfjp tZb'A ngozgo, gko pqjw
gow/Po ih dk T[usw ;zd/P ;z;ko d/ Gb/ bJh nkt/; j'fJnk j?.
r[opkDh f;Zy d/ ihtB dk ;jkok j?. Ezwh j?, ihtB iku j?, i/ f;Zy
r[opkDh BjhA gVQ/^;wM/rk sK fJ; dh nkswe w"s j' ikt/rh. j'o Gkt/A
i' woih pfDnk fco/, pkDh s'A fpBk f;Zyh nzdo BjhA fNe/rh. Pos fJjh
j? fe i' T[Zsw T[gd/P, ;fsr[o{ ih B/ pyfPP ehs/ jB, T[BQK ƒ gVQBk,
;wMDk f;o^wZE/ ;theko eoBk j?, fpBk fezs{^gqzs{ s'A r[opkDh w[skpe
ihtB Ykb b?Dk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih dk gftso c[owkB j? L^
r[o[ g{ok fi;[ G/fNnk sk e/ ;[fy got/P ]
wB eh wfs fsnkrhn? ;[Dhn? T[gd/;[ ] (gzBk^814)
;fsr[o{ ih c[owkB eod/ jB, j/ GkJh` fi; gqkDh ƒ g{ok ;woZE
r[o{ fwb g?Adk j?, T[j ;[yh fIzdrh pshs eodk j?. T[;d/ fjod/ xo ftu
(147)
g{oB nBzd j[zdk j?. pPos/ T[j nkgDh S'Nh wZs fsnkr d/t/. fJekro
fus r[o{ dk nkfynk ;[D/, fdZs/ rJ/ j[ew w[skpe ekoi nkozG eo d/t/.
nZr/ ;fsr[o{ ih j'o ;wMkT[Ad/ jB L^
n;fEo ojj[, v'bj[ ws epj{, r[o e? pufB nXkfo]
i? i? eko ;rb G{ wzvb, w[y T{ib dopkfo](gzBk^678)
fJ; gktB gzesh ftu ;fsr[o{ ih ;gZPN sohe/ ;wMk oj/ jB
fe nv'b ofj e/, nZr/ tX'. r[o{ d/ frnkB (T[gd/P) ƒ jh fIzdrh dk
nkXko ;theko eo'. fco ;koh Xosh T[Zs/ s[jkvh P'Gk j't/rh. fBozeko
d/ dopko ftu Gh wkD gqkgs eo'r/. nZr/ j'o ;[D' L^
i/s/ ihn fbyh f;oeko] eoDh T[gfo j'tfr ;ko]
j[ew eofj w{oy rtko] (gzBk^1169)
j/ GkJh` ;GBK ihtK d/ f;o tkfjr[o{ ih B/ nkgDk fB:w o{gh
j[ew fby G/fink j?. jo iht d/ ehs/ uzr/^wzd/ ezwK dk b/yk^i'yk
j't/rk. w{oy b'e fBozeko d/ nNZb ekƒB ƒ pdbDk ukj[zd/ jB, go pdb
BjhA ;eDr/. wBwkBhnK eod/ gSskT[Dr/.
;fBwo p/Bsh j? fe fi; sohe/, nZi gkm j' oj/ jB, fJBQK okjhA
e[ZM b'eK ƒ o[Irko fwfbnk sK nkfynk ik ;edk j?, j'o e'Jh nkswk dk
efbnkD j[zdk j't/ iK gzE dh uVQdh ebk j' ojh j't/, nfijk BjhA j?.
g[ikohnK, ;kX{nK^;zsK dhnK e'mhnK, v/o/, ekoK, mkm, u/b/^u/bhnK,
r'rVK, y{p T[;o ojhnK jB. PoXkb{ XB eoe/ Gh, frnkB eoe/ Gh,
ezrkb dk ezrkb jh j?. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ nEkj Gzvko ftu'A fJe Ppd
s/ T[;d/ ;zy/g noE gkmeK d/ ;Bw[y jB L^
s? Bo fenk g[okB[ ;[fB ehBk]
nBgktBh Grfs Bjh T[gih G{y? dkB[ B dhBk ]1] ojkT[]
ekw[ B fp;foU eq'X[ B fp;foU b'G[ B S{fNU d/tk]
go fBzdk w[y s/ Bjh S{Nh fBcb GJh ;G ;/tk]1]
pkN gkfo xo[ w{f; fpokB' g/N[ Go? ngqkXh]
fifj gob'e ikfJ ngehofs ;'Jh nfpfdnk ;kXh]2]
(148)
fjz;k sT[ wB s/ Bjh S{Nh ihn dfJnk Bjh gkbh]
gowkBzd ;kX;zrfs fwfb eEk g[Bhs B ukbh]3](gzBk^1253)
j/ wB[Zy` Xkofwe g[;seK gVQ e/ s{z eh ehsk < s/o/ fjod/ ftu
T[sw r[D g?dk j'D/ ukjhd/ ;B i' BjhA j'J/. e/tb Xkofwe rqzE gVQ^;[D
b?D/, e[ZM fwEhnK o;wK g{ohnK eo b?DhnK jh Xow BjhA j'fJnk eodk.
s/o/ nzdo tkfjr[o{ s/ g{oB Go';/ tkbh PoXk g?dk BjhA j'Jh. G[Zy/ nks[o
b'VtzdK Bkb tzv e/ G'iB Bk Sfenk. ekw tkPBk s/ s{z ezNo'b Bk eo
;fenk. s/o/ nzdo eq'X dh nrBh sK bNkbN pbdh BIo nkT[Adh j?.
b'G tkbh G?Vh fposh s'A s{z S[Nekok BjhA gk ;fenk. jo ;w/A s{z gokJh
fBzdk eodk ofjzdk j?A. fJ; soQK s/o/ ftykt/ tkb/ Xow eowK tkbh ihtB
fefonk p/noE ik ojh j?. s{z okjrhoK ns/ xoK ƒ b[ZND s'A Gh r[o/I
BjhA eodk. fJ; soQK gkg dh ewkJh d[nkok s{z gfotko dh g/N g{osh
eodk j'fJnk tZvk ngokXh pD frnk j?A. s/o/ tZb'A ehs/ rJ/ fJBQK gkg
eowk ekoB, oZph dorko ftu s?ƒ Y'Jh BjhA fwb/rh. G?V/ ezwK s'A pki
nk ikj, s{z sK p/d'fPnK ƒ esb sZe eo fojk j?A. s{z nkgD/ p'bK s/
nkdsK d[nkok d{i/ wB[ZyK ƒ pj[s d[Zy gj[zukT[Adk j?A. ihtK s/ dfJnk iK
fgnko tkbh Gbh ohs s{z ngDkJh BjhA. gowkBzd ih T[sw puBk
d[nkok fIzdrh dk ;jh Yzr ;wMkT[Ad/ jB. j/ GkJh` s{z B/e g[oPK dh
;zrs BjhA eodk, fiZE'A ihtB ;ekoEk eoB tkbh f;Zfynk jk;b j' ;e/.
tkfjr[o{ ih d/ r[DK ƒ ihtB ftu Ykbe/, Bkw ig e/, B/e ezw eofdnK,
ftekoK ƒ fsnkr e/ jh s{z gow/Po d/ do s/ gqtkB j' ;edk j?A. ;z;ko
ftu ;Zuk ;Z[y wkD ;edk j?A. (1253)
nw'be yIkB/, gktB r[opkDh ftu'A fJj j? e/tb fJe Ppd dk
;konz;. fJ; GktBk d/ p/nzs Ppd, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftu w"I{d jB.
fJBQK ƒ fJe ;" tkoh gVQ', iK fJe jIko tkoh. e/tb s'sk oNDh^gVQB
wkso^Bkb ekoi BjhA f;X j'Dk. ;r'A n;bhns fJj j? fe fJBQk puBk
d[nkok fdZs/ rJ/ T[gd/P j[ew ƒ fJB^fpB wzB e/, dZ;/ rJ/ ftekoK ƒ
fsnkr e/, gqtkB j'fJnk ik ;edk j?. ihtB ƒ r[DK Bkb Gog{o eoBk
(149)
j?. fJjh j? r[opkDh dk sZs;ko, wBw[ZyK ƒ r[ow[y, ftekohnK ƒ
goT[gekoh, gkyzvhnK ƒ ;Zu/ Xowh pDk e/, ;zs f;gkjh dk fJe' EK ;[w/b
eotk e/, ;'jD/ ;wki dh f;oiDk eoBh.
nZr/ n;hA ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ r[opkDh ftu'A e[ZM j'o b'VhAd/ wZ;fbnK
pko/ fBwosk ;fjs ;tkb g[ZSKr/. feT[Afe ;kvh ws E'Vqh j?, ftfdnk xZN
j?, fIzdrh dk sIopk wkw{bh j?, fIzdrh fiT{D pko/ n;hA BjhA ikDd/. sK
s/ ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ g[ShJ/, ;tkb^g[ZSK eo b?D dk jZe, ;kƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/
p\fPP ehsk j'fJnk j?. c[owkB j? L^
r[o g{Sj[ s[w eoj[ phuko[] sK gqG ;ku/ br? fgnko[] (gzBk^1173)
r[fo g{o/ ;u[ efjnk] ;' ;[y[ ;kuk bfjnk] (gzBk^621)
jo gfjb{ pko/ ;[uZih nrtkJh f;Zy B/ ;fsr[o[ rqzE ;kfjp ih s'A
gqkgs eoBh ;h. pV/ nc;'; Bkb fbyDk g? fojk j? fe pj[^frDsh
f;Zy^;wki, r[opkDh d/ ;opd/;h, ;opekbh, ;w[Zuh wkBtsk ƒ rZbtZeVh
ftu b?D tkb/ T[sw T[gd/PK s'A nBikD j?. ;kXK^;zsK s'A, wzsoK, ikgK
d[nkok ekoi f;ZX eotkT[D dh d"V ftu j?. c'eN g{ik^gkmK d/ Bkw j/m,
nkgDk ehwsh ;wK ns/ p/fj;kpk XB, Gzr d/ GkV/ popkd eoh ik fojk
j?. epoK, wVQhnK, c'N'nK iK ny"sh pkfpnK nZr/ fBZs bzwhnK eskoK
BwPekoK eodhnK t/yhnK ik ;edhnK jB. id'A e'Jh d[Zy^;[Zy nk Y[Ze/,
ftykt/ wkso o;w g{osh, r[o{ :kd eo fbnk iKdk j?. toBK BfPnK,
eoweKvK ns/ j'o o[M/ftnK s'A ftjb jh feE/ j? < eJh tkoh sK ;kok
ekoi e/tb nodk; eoe/ g{ok j' frnk wzB fbnk iKdk j?. iok nkgD/
nzdo T[soB dh y/ub eo', fgSb/ ;w/A ƒ nZyK nZr/ fbnkT[. ;tk gzi ;"
;kb ftu i' e[ZM f;Zy gzE B/ gqkgshnK ehshnK jB, xkbDk^xkbhnK jB,
;fsr[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ wknoe/ tkb/ ekoi ehs/ jB, eh T[j ;ko/ nodk;
eofdnK jh nZy^c'o ftu fpBK ;oho ƒ y/ub fdZfsnK g{o/ j' rJ/ ;B<
fJe gk;/ nodk; dh eokwksh Pesh d[nkok, ekoi f;Xh dk, ft;tkP
d[nkfJnk ik fojk j?. d{i/ pzB/ ;w[Zuk f;Zy fJfsjk;, xZb{xkfonK, fBZs
dhnK esbkwk, jkoK^fiZsK Bkb bpo/I j?. d'tk rZbK ftu'A ;Zu eh j?,
(150)
eowksh nodk;K iK ;fsr[o{ ih dh pyPh T[Zsw nrtkJh s/ f;zxK^f;zxDhnK
dhnK ;{owrshnK< iok ;'u'` fco gzEe d[PtkohnK ƒ d{o eoB tk;s/,
;zeN joB tk;s/, nZi nodk;K feT[A Pesh jhD j' rJhnK jB< f;Zy
gZE ftu nkg{z pD/ pqjwfrnkBh, g{oB ;zs, foZXhnK^f;ZXhnK d/ wkbe,
jIkoK gkmK dhnK bVhnK ubkT[D tkb/, s/ wzso wkbk ikg eoB tkb/,
;zsK^;kXK dh frDsh eoBh n"yh j?. fJBQK dhnK PeshnK p/eko feT[A ik
ojhnK jB, e[M ;ztoB dh Ekt/A, f;Zy gzE o;ksb tZb fBxodk ik fojk
j? < w"s f;o s/ e{e ojh j? s/ f;Zy ƒ fpZbh t/ye/ ep{so tKr nZyK whN
b?D dk spkj e[B T[gd/P fdZsk ik fojk j?. f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? fe
id'A G/v^pZeo/ ƒ esbrkj tZb fbikfJnk iKdk j?, sK T[j g?o nVkT[Adk
j?, ftbedk^uhydk j?. w"s s'A puD dh g{oh tkj bkT[Adk j?. go t/y'
tZvk f;sw, f;Zy i?eko/ rikT[Adk, ekcb/ pzB e/, iK sK p/JhwkB oki;h
bhvoK tZb'A fsnko ehsh esbrkj tZb ik fojk j?. iK wzso ikg s/
nodk; eotke/ ck;hA uVQB bJh ;kXK d/ v/fonK tZb jI{w pDk e/
d"fVnk ik fojk j?. nfijh fGnkBe nt;Ek ftu'A, gowkswk dh e'Jh
eokwks jh puk bt/ s/ puk bt/, toBk ;kj;s^jhD j'J/, gzE dk wk;
B'uD bJh G[ZyhnK froMK, M[owN gkJh uko/ pzB/ x/ok xZs u[ZehnK jB.
d[BhnK d/ fiBQK b'eK B/ ;\s xkbDk^xkbhnK B/, ;[Zy nokw s'A
p/^gqtkj j'J/ B/, iE/pzde o{g ftu nZr/ tXD bJh ;koh skes M'e fdZsh
rJh j?, ekw:kphnK T[BQK d/ edwK ftu j[zdhnK B/. pkdPkjs d/ ;'jD/
ski T[BQK d/ ;h; s/ P'Gd/ B/. d[BhnK M[Ze^M[Ze e/ ;bkwK, T[jBK ƒ jh
eodh j?. fJ;kJh b'eK B/ i/ nZXh d[BhnK s/ oki ehsk j?, wZbK wkohnK
jB, e/tb wzso ikg eoe/ BjhA, f;oV^f;de Bkb, izr ftu ;dk i{Md/
oj/. w[;bwkBK B/ jfEnkopzd j' e/ g{o/ j"A;b/ Bkb, fiXo XkJh ehsh,
fiZs d/ Mzv/ rZv fdZs/. d[BhnK dh p/^P[wko d"bs s/ j[;B b[ZNd/ oj/, b'ehA
bzw/ g?^g? vzv'T[sK eod/ oj/. eh fJj ;kohnK ekw:kphnK, wzso ikgK
Bkb M'bh gkJhnK ;B< j[D Gkosh okfInK, ;kXK^;zsK s/ fJE'A d/ b'eK dh
ekor[Ikoh t/y'. fJE/ pV/ wzso ikg, gkm, iZr ehs/ iKd/ ;B. go
(151)
;dhnK sZe }[bkwh d/ ;zrb, rb gJ/ oj/. fe;/ wzso gkm B/ Pesh Bk
ftykJh. fJ; purkBh joes s'A ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/, pj[s
gfjbK d/P tk;hnK ƒ ntrs eotkfJnk ;h. fsnkoh eoB, fjzwsh
pDB, J/esk d/ ;{so ftu go'J/ ikD, tfjwK^GowK s'A puD dh sk}hd
ehsh ;h. go n;hA nZi se fJBQK T[sw T[gd/PK ƒ ;[fDnk^nB;[fDnk
jh eod/ nk oj/ jK. ;fsr[o{ ih dk gktB puB j? L^
e'Nh j{ gho tofi ojkJ/ ik who[ ;[fDnk XkfJnk]
EkB w[ekw ib/ fpi wzdo w[fS w[fS e[fJo o[bkfJnk]
e'Jh w[rb[ B j'nk nzXk feB? B gouk bkfJnk](gzBk^417)
;fsr[o{ ih pVh p/pkeh Bkb ;w/A dk ;Zu/ b'eK d/ ;Bw[y oZy oj/
jB. gJh id'A pkpo Gkos s/ jwbk eoB bJh uVQ fgnk, ;{j/ B/ ;w/A d/
jkewK ƒ jwb/ pko/ \po fdZsh. pikfJ fJ; d/ fe g{oh fdqVsk Bkb, c"ih
fsnkoh ehsh iKdh, Gkosh w[ekwh jkewK, okfinK B/ ghoK^cehoK,
;kX{nK, pqkjwDk ƒ p[bk e/, wkor doPB bJh p/Bsh ehsh. pkpo d/
w[ekpb/ bJh eh Yzr ngDkJ/ ikD, g[ZfSnk. cehoK B/ sths pDk e/
c"ihnK ƒ tzv fdZs/. ftP/P fe;w d/ wzsoK dk ikg eoB bJh fejk. Bkb
jh fejk fe n;hA Gh fJBQK wzsoK dk ikg^gkm eoKr/. ;kvh ;kfonK dh
fJ; wzso Pesh Bkb pkpo dh ;koh c"i, ;kv/ d/P ftu g?o oZyfdnK jh
nzBh j' ikt/rh. s[;hA p; ;kvh eokwksh wzso Pesh s/ Go';k oZy'.
;fsr[o{ ;gZPN g[eko oj/ jB, fe fJBQK wzsoK^ikgK, sthsK Bkb, pkpo
dh c"i dk fJZe Gh f;gkjh nzBk BjhA j'fJnk, fe;/ dk tkb ftzrk BjhA
j'fJnk. ;r'A jwbkto w[rb c"i nZrK bkT[Adh, s'gK, pzd{eK d/ r'b/
toQkT[Adh spkjh wukT[Adh, nZr/ jh nZr/ tXdh ubh nk ojh ;h. fJBQK
fBezw/ Gkosh b'eK d/, fBezw/ ;kXB s/ f;gkjh, bV jh Bk ;e/. nZr/
c[owkB j? L^
w[rb gmkDk GJh bVkJh oD wfj s/r trkJh]
UBh s[ge skfD ubkJh UBh j;fs fuVkJh] (gzBk^417)
nkgD/ coI fBGkT[D dh EK, oki/^tIho, nwho, u"Xoh,
(152)
;kX{^ceho, eh eo oj/ ;B, ;fsr[o{ ih dh I[pkBh ;[D' L^
nr' d/ i/ u/shn? sK ekfJs[ fwb? ;ikfJ]
;kjK ;[ofs rtkJhnk ozfr swk;? ukfJ] (gzBk^417)
nZr'A izrh fsnkoh e'Jh Bk ehsh. oki wfjbK nzdo jh ;dk
ozr^obhnK ftu wdj'P ofjzd/ ;B. wzsoK d/ ;jko/ izr fisDh e{VhnK
nk;K bkJh p?m/ ;B. N[eV/^N[eV/ j' rJ/, g?oK j/m fbskV fdZs/ rJ/. ;kok
d/P popkd eotk fdZsk. fi; d/P ƒ nkIkd eotkT[D tk;s/ eJh
;dhnK sZe nEkj ePN MZbD/ gJ/. bZyK ikBK b/y/ bZr rJhnK, nB/e
;kXB i[NkT[D/ gJ/, wzsoK s/ Go';k oZyD tkfbnK dh w{oysk ekoB fJj
;G d[Zy G'rD/ gJ/.
nZr/ ;fsr[o{ ih s'A g[ZShJ/, ih` feogk eoe/ ;kƒ Bk^;wMK ƒ
fJj Gh dZ; fdT[ fe fjzws eoBh ukjhdh j? fe BjhA< i' b'e gdkoEK
Bkb wkbwkb fd; oj/ jB, fJj wzso ikgK Bkb nwho j'J/ jB fe T[dw
f;nkDg Bkb< i/ fe;/ ftnesh ƒ T[dw eoB d/ pkti{d ekw:kph Bk
fwbD dk fPetk j? sK fJj Gh ;'uDk gt/rk T[;dk ehsk frnk T[gokbk,
r[owfs i[rs nB[;koh ;h, iK nkgDh j'Sh wZs w[skpe < i' nodk;
okjhA wzfrnk frnk ;h, T[; ftu nzsqht GktBk eh ;h, fej' fijh ;h<
nekb g[oy dh G? GktBh ftu ofjzfdnK, ;fsr[o{ dh py;h ftXh w[skpe,
f;Zy B/ ;dk fefonkPhb ofjDk j?. nkU` T[dw fjzws eoB pko/ gktB
r[opkDh s'A ;/X bJhJ/ L^
T[dw[ eoj[ tvGkrhj' f;woj[ jfo jfo okfJ]
BkBe fi;[ f;wos ;G ;[y j'tfj d{y[ dod[ Gqw[ ikfJ] (gzBk^456)
j/ GkJh` fjzws eo' tZv/ GkrK tkb/ pD', r[opkDh d[nkok gow/Po
dh :kd ftu i[V'. j/ BkBe fi; tkfjr[o{ d/ :kd ehfsnK, ;ko/ ;[yK dh
gqkgsh j[zdh j?, d[ZyK dk \kswk j' iKdk j?, T[;ƒ edh Bk ft;ko'.
T[dw[ eos ;hsb wB GJ/] wkofr ubs ;rb d[y rJ/] (gzBk^201)
j/ GkJh` fjzws eoe/ r[o{ do;kJ/ okj s/ ub gT[. fJ; soQK
eofdnK wB ;hsb j' iKdk j?. ;ko/ d[yK eb/PK dk ykswk j' iKdk j?.
(153)
T[dw[ ehnk eokfJnk nkozG[ oukfJnk]
Bkw[ ig/ ifg ihtDk r[fo wzsq[ fdqVkfJnk] (gzBk^399)
j/ GkJh` i' T[dw ehsk frnk j?, tkfjr[o{ B/ feogk eoe/ nkg
eotk fbnk j?. gow/Po s/ Go';k oZy e/ ekoi nkozG eo fdZsk j?. nZr'A
w?A ekoi Gh eodk iktKrk ns/ ;dk gowkswk ƒ fjod/ ftu t;k e/
oyKrk.
T[dw[ eo/fdnk ihT[ s{z ewktfdnk ;[y G[zu[]
fXnkfJfdnk s{z gqG{ fwb[ BkBe T[soh fuzs] (gzBk^522)
j/ GkJh` ;dk T[dw eodk ojhA, fjzws eoe/ XB gdkoE ewk
bJhA, ;ohoe b'VK tk;s/ nzB^XB Io{o ewkJhA. nkswk d/ efbnkD
fjs ;fsr[o{ ih dk pyfPnk T[sw frnkB, gqG{ d/ r[D fjod/ ftu t;k
bthA. fJzi eofdnK fuzsktK s'A ybk;h fwb/rh s/ ;[yK dh d"bs Bkb
M'bhnK Go ikDrhnK.
T[dw[ efo jfo ikgDk tvGkrh XB[ ykfN]
;zs;zfr jfo f;woDk wb[ iBw iBw eh ekfN] (gzBk^48)
j/ GkJh` fjzws eoe/ gow/Po dh :kd ftu ;dk i[fVnk oj[. ;G
soQK dhnK fuzsktK s'A S[Nekok fwb ikt/rk. Bkw XB dh yZNh yNdk
othA. ;sr[o{ dh nrtkJh ftu s[ofdnK iBwK^iBwK d/ ftekoK dh w?b
bZE ikt/rh. ihtB gftZso pD ikt/rk. ft;Eko G? ekoD r[opkDh d/ j'o
gowkD d/D s'A ;ze'u ehsk frnk j?. fJ; ftP/ Bkb ;pzXs Ppd pj[s
jB. y[d t/yD dh y/ub eoBh. e[ZM gzB/ fiBQK s/ nfij/ Ppd jB L 99,
137, 305, 381, 705, 798, 927, 1219 ns/ j'o pj[s.
nkU` j[D nodk; pko/ e[ZM uouk eo bJhJ/. fJ; ftu e'Jh PZe
BjhA fe ;kv/ ftdtkB pI[orK B/ nodk; okjhA ;zg{oB f;Zy fJfsjk;
;zGkbD dk gq;z;k:'r isB ehsk j?. nodk; dh P[o{nks ftu tkfjr[o{
ih dh i?eko ehsh rJh j?. n;hA T[;dh nz;^pzP jK fJ; bJh nkgD/
fgsk s/ gkbe dh gq;z;k eoBh, nsh Io{oh j?. i/ tkfjr[o{ ƒ G[Zb rJ/ sK
fco, gP{^gzSh o[Zy pB;gsh iK ftneshnK gZEoK dh g{ik jh eoKr/, i'
(154)
fBjkfJs tofis j?. fJ; s'A pknd d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB ih B/, nkgD/ d;
;o{gK okjhA, brgr 239 ;kb ;ys xkbBktK xkb e/, ;opZs d/ Gb/ fjs
i' rkvh okj T[bhe/, bk;kBh g{oB/ gkJ/, T[BQK ƒ ;wMDk j?. T[BQK gd fuzBQK
s/ s[ofdnK, fIzdrh ƒ ekw:kp pBkT[D bJh ihn ikB Bkb T[dw eoBk
j?. fJ; s'A pknd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ƒ BwPeko ehsh rJh j?. nZyo
jB L^ d;K gksPkjhnK dh i's, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ “gkm dhdko” dk
fXnkB Xo e/ p'b' ih` tkfjr[o{. fJ;dk f;Xk fijk Gkt j?, r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp d/ doPB dhdko, gkm d[nkok j'Dk ;thekfonk frnk j?. r[opkDh
ftu i' nBw'b ftuko ;[GkfJwkB jB, T[BQK ƒ gVQBk^;[DBk, PoXk Bkb
fJzB^fpzB ;theko eoBk j?. iBw s'A nkozG eoe/ nzsb/ ;[nk; sZe,
nkgDh ;w[Zuh ihtB fefonk, r[opkDh nB[;ko xVBh^sok;Dh j?. nZr'A
gziK fgnkfonK dk ;fsr[o{ ih s/ f;de, nkgk e[opkB eo d/D dh
;fgoN, fszBK dk uwe"o dh izr ftu ;{owrsh dh f;yo S'j e/ Pjhd
j'dk. gziK ftu'A d' dk ;dk ;fsr[o{ ih d/ nzr^;zr ;/tk ftu ofjDk.
fJBQK bk;kBh :'fXnK tKr T[jh ;fgoN ns/ f;de g?dk eoBk j?, nkgD/
nzdo. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ u"Aj ;kfjpIkfdnK ƒ pkozpko BwPeko, fiBQK S'Nh
T[wo/, tZv/ e"se eo ftykJ/. Gkt/A w?dkB/ izr ftu d[PwD d/ nkj{
bkj[zfdnK Pjhdh gkJh, Gkt/A PkswJh ofjzfdnK ;ojzd ftu, Ikbw d/
f;o j' e/ Pjhdh gkJh. fJBQK fBZehnK fizdK s'A T[sPkj gqkgs eoBk j?.
sK fe ;kv/ nzdo Gh T[BQK torh r?os ns/ ;{owrsh g?dk j' ikt/. fiBQK
ihtB tkb/ f;zxK^f;zxDhnK B/ tkfjr[o{ ih dk Bkw ifgnk, o[yh^fwZ;h
E'VQh ftu'A Gh tzv e/ Sfenk. “ukbh w[es/” fiBQK bZyK ikpoK dk p/y"c
w[ekpbk eofdnK, nkj{ bkj[zfdnK ikBk b/y/ bk fdZshnK. fJBQK ;GBK d/
gkJ/ g{ofBnK s/ uZbD dk T[gokbk eoBk j?. nrb/ g?oQ/ ftu fIeo j'o
iKpki i'fXnK dkl fiBQK f;zxk^f;zxDhnk B/ Xow j/s ;h; fdZs/, pzd^pzd
eNtkJ/, y'gohnK T[sotkJhnK, uoyhnK s/ uVQ/HHH Xow BjhA jkfonk,
f;Zyh f;de e/;K ;[nk;K ;zr fBGkfJnk.” nfij/ pjkdoh d/ T[sw
ekoBkw/ nodk; ftu'A gVQ^;[D e/, nzdo MoBkNk fSV g?D. T[jBK tork
(155)
pjkdoh dk gftZso iIpk wB nzdo eotNk b?D bZr/. bZyK w[;hpsK okj
o'e b?D, d[Zy j't/ ;[y j't/, pkdPkjs dh rZdh s/ p?mhJ/, Gkt/A wkw{bh
fJB;kB j'JhJ/. j/ ;fsr[o{ ihU` s[jkvh pyPh j'Jh f;Zyh dh dks
e/;K^;[nk;K Bkb fBGtKr/. pZ; fwjo Gfonk jZE f;o s/ oZyDk ih, fes/
n;hA v'b BK ikJhJ/.
nrb/ pzd ftu oki;h mkm tkbk, ;opZs d/ Gb/ tkbk, fpBk
fteso/ s'A fJB;kc bJh fdqV ;zebg, gziK s\sK d/ ikj' ibkb ƒ ;h;
M[ek e/ gqDkw ehsh rJh j?. fJBQK gzeshnK ftu ykb;/ ƒ X[o dorkj'A
pkdPkjs dk wkbe j'Dk do;kfJnk frnk j?. ykb;k wB eoe/ Gh
pkdPkj j't/ s/ ;z;koh s"o s/ Gh gqG{ ;Zsk ;zg{oD j't/. n;hA gfjb'A fe;/
;w/A oki d/ wkbe ;K, nZr'A oki/ pDB tk;s/ ;dk u/szB ofjDk j? fjzws
eoBh j?. nZr/^gqEw/ ;opZs ykb;k ih eh nodk; j? ih, ;opZs \kb;k
ih e' tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ fus nkt/, fuZs nktB ek ;dek ;op
;[y j't/HHH. fJj T[sw ftuko nodk; eofdnK T[wV gt/, fe gowkswk
s'A f;oc Bkw dh dks wzrDh j?. d[y ftu, ;[y ftu, ;GBk dk Gbk
wzfrnk frnk j?. d/r s/ s/r ;dk tosD bJh fsnko oj/. Gkt G[Zy/
ifrnk;{ bJh bzro ;dk ubdk oj/. uVQe/ nkT[D tkb/ iotkD/ bJh,
eokok i[nkp d/D tk;s/ s/r j't/ (feogkB) d/ w[m/ s/ jZE j't/. s/o/ ;ki/
fJ; ;'jD/ gzE dh ;dk i? i?eko j't/. s[;hA ;kvh ;jkfJsk eoBh, n;hA
nkgD/ tZb'A e'Jh e;o pkeh BjhA SZvKr/, sB^wB^XB ;G Xow d/ tkoB/
eo fdnKr/. ;fsr[o{ ih fwjo eoBh, sKfe ykb;/ d/ ;dk jh p'b^pkb/
pD/ ofjD.
nrb/ pzd ftu wzr ehsh rJh j? fe f;Zy ƒ f;Zyh ftu j'o
gqgZesk gqkgs j't/. f;Zy :kd oZyD fe e/; r[o{ eh w'jo jB p/w[Zbk s'jck
jB. fJ; ehwsh s'jc/ dh ;dk fjckIs eoBh j?. f;Zyh e/;K^;[nk;K
;zr fBGkT[Dh j?. nZr/ f;Zyh ofjs wzrh rJh j?. ftt/e p[ZX dh :kuBk
ehsh j?, fJe d{i/ s/ ft;tkP eo b?D dh gq/oBk. ;ko/ dkBk s'A ehwsh
dkB, Bkw dkB bJh i'dVh ehsh rJh j?. id'A Ikbw je{wsK tZb'A dopko
(156)
;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/, f;ZyK d/ fJPBkB s/ gkpzdh bk fdZsh rJh ;h, sd'A
fJj nZyo Gh nodk; ftu Pkwb eo bJ/ rJ/ “;qh nzfwqs;o ih d/
fJPBkB”. gzE tZb'A ;w/A^;w/A gotkB ehshnK u"ehnK, ykb;kJh PkB d/
gqshe fBPkB ;kfjp, gzEe w[yhnK (iE/dkoK) d/ fojkfJPK ns/ dcso,
nkfd i[r'^i[r nNZb ofjD. fJBQK ;G dh uVQdh ebk tk;s/ n;hA gzE dk
nfByVtK nzr pD e/ ojKr/, g{oh f;defdbh Bkb, gzEe ;/tk ;dk eod/
ojKr/.
nodk; d/ nkyoh g?oQ/ ftu f;ZyK ƒ, jzeko ofjs j'D dh :kuBk
ehsh rJh j?. T[u wZs dh wzr ehsh rJh j?. ;qh BBekDk ;kfjp s/ j'o
r[o{ xo, i' gzE s'A ftSV rJ/ jB, fsBQk d/ y[bQ/ dhdko s/ ;/tk ;zGkb gzE
ƒ gqkgs j't/. fJBQk wzrK ƒ ;zg{oB eotkT[D bJh n;hA jo ;zGt isB
eoKr/. jZeK dh gqkgsh bJh i/ b'V gJh sK ;h; sZe Gh tko fdnKr/.
fJe nfijk r[ow[yh i[rs tkbk gqpzX T[;koB dh e'fPP eoKr/ fi;
okjhA, d/P^ftd/P ftub/ ;ko/ r[oXkw, r[DtkB, ftdtkB, r[ow[yh ihtB
tkb/, Gb/ r[of;ZyK dh ;/tk ;zGkb ftu nk ;eD. fJ; ekoi dh ;cbsk
tk;s/ ;dk T[dw;hb ojKr/. j/ fBwkfDnK d/ wkD, fBskfDnK d/ skD,
fBUfNnK dh UN, ;Zu/ fgsk tkfjr[o{ ih, feogk eo' n;hA wkD ofjs jK
s[jkv/ s'A f;tkJ/ e'Jh UN nk;ok BjhA j?. ;koh skes rtk u[Ze/ jK.
wBwsK dh fibD ftu roe j'J/ gJ/ jK. p; s[jkv/ uoBk ftu d'fJ jZE
i'V e/, fBwosk ;fjs p/Bsh j? fe pj[Vh eo', ;kvh v[pfdnK dh pKj
cV'. ;kvhnK G[ZbK pyP b?DhnK, nZr'A okj gkT[Dk ih. BkBe, Bkw uVQdh
ebk, s/o/ GkD/ ;ops dk Gbk. j/ ;fsr[o{ ihU` n;hA ukj[zd/ jK s[jkvh
f;ykJh ftXh, Bkw dh poes d[nkok ;GBk dk Gbk j't/. n;hA Gbk eoB
ftu e'Jh e;o BjhA SZvKr/. p[ok fe;/ dk Gh BjhA eoKr/. s[;hA r[opkDh
d[nkok ;kƒ w{oyK ƒ nrtkJh pyPd/ ofjDk ihT[.
tho'$G?D'` PkBkwZsh nodk; ƒ d[pkok ftuko ;fjs gVQ', f;X/
noE GktK ƒ fJekro fuZs j' e/ ;wMD dh e'fPP eo'. ;koh nodk;
ftu s[jkƒ fJe nZyo Gh nfijk BjhA fwb/rk, fi; ftu ifrnk;{ ƒ fJj
(157)
ft;tkP d[nkfJnk frnk j't/ fe e'Jh nkekP ftu'A }?ph PeshnK gqrN
j' e/, s[jkv/ ;ko/ ekoi, fpBk jZE fjbkJ/ ok; eo d/DrhnK. nfijk e'Jh
bkok BjhA bkfJnk frnk. n;b rZb fJj j? fe :kd ehs/ rJ/ d; r[o{
;kfjpkB ns/ j'o ihtB tkb/ B/e iB, r[ow[y fgnko/, fsBK dh ihtB
P?bh s'A, T{u gkJ/ dh ;{owrsh s'A, T[sPkj s/ gq/oBk b?Dh j?. T[BQK tork
bk;kBh ihtB fiT[D dh e'fPP eod/ ofjDk j?. goT[geko tkbk ihtB
pBkT[D s/ nkgDk fBi dk sK Gbk j'Dk jh j?, ;r'A gzE dh uVQdh ebk ftu
Gh ;kvk :'rdkB nkgD/ nkg g? ikt/rk. ;?eV/ ;kbK s'A nodk;K j'
ojhnK jB. j[D sZe sK ;ko/ ;zeNk dh Bftosh j' ikDh ukjhdh ;h. go
nfijk BjhA j'fJnk. ehs/ rJ/ wzso gkm^ikg gqtkB BjhA j'J/. i/ gqtkB
j'J/ j[zd/ sK, f;zxK d/ p'bpkb/, oki;h ;'Gk, uVQdh ebk, B/e ihtB, j'
ikDk ;h. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dk gqekP n;EkB jo o'I BBekDk
;t/o/^Pkw bZyK jh r[o{ xoK ftu j' ojhnK nodk;K d[nkok wzrfdnK ƒ
58 ;kb j' rJ/ jB, jkbh sZe ;/tk^;zGkb BjhA fwbh. gzikp nkw eoe/
*s/ f;Zy gzE yk; eoe/ nB/e ;kfiPK Bkb T[ikfVnk ik fojk j?. eJh
fGnkBe esbkwK B;be[;h dh jZd sZe, tkgo u[ehnK jB. nekb s\s
;kfjp dk Yfj^Y/oh eoBk, f;XKsK ƒ wbhnk w/N eoB tk;s/, nB/eK
r[ZM/ tko eoB/, nkw toskok j?. fe; soQK dh nodk; ehfsnK mZb
gt/rh< bZrd/ jZE fJj e"Vk^x[ZN ;kƒ Go jh b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe ;w{j f;Zy
gzE ftu e'Jh ;kX^;zs, pqjw frnkBh, ;qhwkB 108 iK ;qhwkB 1008 fJe
Gh BjhA j?” feT[Afe g{oB wjKg[oy tZb'A ehsh rJh nodk; Io{o g{oh
j[zdh j?” fJjh gquko ehsk frnk j?. i/ nodk;K g{ohnK BjhA j'JhnK, sK
e'Jh wjKg[oy Gh BjhA j?. BjhA sK bzw/ ;w/A s'A fJj GZdo^g[oP b'eK ftu
e{Vk s/ r[wokje[zB gquko eod/ nk oj/ jB fe ihtB tkb/, Bkw o;hJ/,
pqjw frnkBh, g{oB ;zs tZb'A ehsh rJh nodk; ntZP g{oh j[zdh j?,
fBozeko d/ dopko ftu bkIwh ;[Dh iKdh j?. s[ozs jh ;ko/ ftrV/ ekoi
ok; nk iKd/ jB. i/ fes/ wzso gkm ikg, nodk;, nwe/, v/o/ fty/
eotkJ/ ikD sK ;ko/ ftrV/ ezw ok; nk ikD dh gZeh rozNh.
(158)
fgSb/ bzw/ no;/ s'A f;Zy gzE T[Zs/, wBws dh ekbhp'bh jB/oh tr
ojh j?. B"itkB, GftZy nzXeko wJh j'D eoe/, BfPnK ftu roed/ ik
oj/ jB. eoweKvK dk p'bpkbk j?. p/^o[Irkoh f;yoK S'j ojh j?.
gzikp dhnK ;kohnK ikfJI wzrK, fiT[A dhnK fsT[A bNe ojhnK jB.
e/Ado ;oeko f;ZyK dh rZb ;[DB ƒ fsnko BjhA. nekbh oki;h B/sk
GNe u[Ze/ jB. ftekT{ wkb tKr fBih roiK pdb/ ;;s/ fteD bJh
ssgo jB. dopko ;kfjp 84 ftu toskJ/ rJ/ efjo ftu, Btzpo
84 ƒ fdZbh ns/ j'o EktK s/ Ykj/ rJ/ I[bwK ekoB, f;Zy e"w
tb{zXoh rJh j?. fe;/ eksb ƒ ;Ik d/Dh sK d{o dh rZb, gkghnK
tZb'A gSskt/ dk fJe nZyo Gh w{j'A BjhA eZfYnk frnk. T[; s'A
pknd I[bw dh ekbh p'bh oks f;ZyK bJh w[eh BjhA ;h. p/^ofjwh
tkbk \{b dk dfonk 1995 se trdk fojk. e'j^e'j d/ f;Zy B"itkBK
ƒ wkfonk frnk, fPeko ehsk frnk. xo T[ikV/ rJ/, pI[orK dhnK
fJZIsK Po/nkw o'bhnK rJhnK. :shw j' ftbe oj/ pZu/, f;o'A
BzrhnK p/gZs j' u[ZehnK phphnK d/ dodK ftzB/ t?D, tr oj/ jzM{,
gZEo j' rJ/ fdbHHH ;kvhnK w[odk o{jK ƒ Gh b{j oj/ jB. fJBQK
;GBK d[ZyK dh Bftosh tk;s/ e'Jh “g{oB ;zs^wjzs f;Zy ;wki dk
Gbk BjhA eoBk ukj[zd/ < fJ; dk wsbp fe fJj gzE gq;s BjhA jB<
iK fco fJj e"Vk ;u fBo;ze'u ;G ƒ gqtkB eo b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe
fJj ;zs^;kX, gkyzvh jB, gzE dk \{B ghD tkbhnK i'eK jB, wbe
Gkr' iK ;ZiD mZr jB. r[opkDh ftu fpnkB ehs/ ;o{g tkb/ ;zs sK
T[ek jh BjhA jB.
fJj ;zs pkp/ wZM rT{ Bk fwbD s/ gkDh ftu wzso gk ;ed/ jB.
eZNk tZSk fpwko j't/ sK T[;d/ f;o ;[nkj dh g[Vh gk ;ed/ jB. pZuk
fpwko j't/, jZE j"bk eo ;ed/ jB. Poshnk bVek g?dk eoB bJh
gkm^nodk; eo ;ed/ jB. w[eZdfwnK ftu fiZs fdtkT[D d/ bko/ bk
;ed/ jB. fpwkoK ƒ szdo[;sh d/D dk BkNe eo ;ed/ jB. b'eK ƒ
;torK ftu G/iD d/ fNeN tzv, t/u ;ed/ jB. fiT[Ad/ iK wo/ ƒ w[esh
(159)
fdtkT[D dk Y'Ar ou e/, oewK pN'o ;ed/ jB. ;" jZE oZ;k f;o/ s/ rzY,
n;bhns fJj fe fJj gkyzvh b[N/o/ b'e, G'b/ PoXkb{nK ƒ e/tb b[ZN
;ed/ jB, T[BQK dh \{B g;hB/ dh ewkJh jVZg eo ;ed/ jB, T[jBK ƒ
r[wokj eo ;ed/ jB. d{finK dh feos s/ gbD tkb/ goihth jB fJj.
i/ e'Jh }?ph skes fJBQK d/ jZE ftu j[zdh sK pj[s d/o gfjbK f;Zy gzE dh
sedho pdb u[Zeh j[zdh. iK fJT[A efj bJhJ/ fe gzE dh nfijh dodBke
dPk edh j[zdh jh Bk.
i/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB ƒ wB[Zysk d/ Gb/ fjs, fJe soshp (gbkB) pDk
e/ ftXh g{ote ezw eoBk fgnk j?. i/ f;ZyK ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih dh Sso
SkfJnk j/m uZbfdnK ;dk ;zxoPPhb s/ T[dw eoe/, ihn ikB Bkb ezw
eoBk fgnk j?. ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB s'A pknd pkpk pzdk f;zx s/ fw;bK d/
fGnkBe d"o ftu Gh f;ZyK B/ ;{owrsh dhnK f;yoK S'jhnK. n"eVK
w[;hpsK dk, fjZe skDe/ Nkeok ehsk. nBfrDs PjhdhnK gkJhnK. nzs
;cbsk fwbD sZe bVd/ rJ/, nZr/ tZXd/ rJ/. d/P tzv 47 ftu d; bZy
f;Zy, wkJh^GkJh T[ifVnk, d' bZy f;Zy w"s d/ w{zj ftu ik fgnk.
nopK^yopK dh ikfJdkd spkj j'Jh. fJBQK ny"sh eokwksh ;kXK B/,
fJj d[yKs feT[A tkgoB fdZs/ < eh T[BQK ƒ wB[Zysk Bkb, f;Zy gzE Bkb
e'Jh jwdodh BjhA ;h < eh fJBQK d/ wzso gkm, ikg, nodk;K, PeshjhD
j' rJ/ ;B< eh fJBQK dhnk eokwksh PeshnK dh sohe g[Zr u[Zeh ;h< ih
BjhA` Bhw^jehw \sok^J/^ikB. n;hA gkyzvhnK d/ ikb ftu c; e/, Bk
;wM gkyzvh Gh pD/, xo Gh b[NkfJnk, ;ztfonk Gh e[ZM Bk. jK` eokwksK
dh e{Vh nk; oZye/, B[e;kB pj[s eotk fbnk.
j'o t/y', oZph ebkw, ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ gftZso fjod/
ftu'A gqrN j'J/ puBk ƒ ;[D e/ wzBD dh irQk, nZi dk pj[ frDsh f;Zy
nytkT[D tkbk bkDk, edh dopko ;kfjp (nzfwqs;o) d/ ;o'to ƒ nzfwqs
iK w[eshdksk ;wMh p?mk j?. “ekb/ eK fuZN/ j'J/ ;B” gqukfonk ik fojk
j?. i/ sd'A e'jVh dk e'jV o'r d{o j' frnk, sK nZi fjzd';skB d/ bZyK
e'jfVnK dk fJPBkB eotk e/, o'r d{o feT[A BjhA ehsk iKdk. fJ;
(160)
T[geko pdb/ f;Zyh ftu nEkj tkXk j't/rk. ekb/ eK sd'A ;c/d j' rJ/
wzB bJhJ/, sK nZiebQ T[; ;o'to ftu fuZN/ feT[A BjhA j[zd/< iK g[okD/
;w/A ;c?d j' u[Ze/ ektK dh B;b feE/ nb'g j' rJh< fywK eoBK, i/
fjzd{nK d/ shoEK Bkb Sb^egN tkbk eokwksh gquko i'V e/, pqjkwDK
tZb'A ;dhnK sZe b'eK ƒ b[fNnk frnk j?. f;Zy Gh U;/ mZrh dk fPeko j'
u[Ze/ jB. fszB ;" ;Zm shoEK tkb/ d/P Gkos ftu uko/ pzB/ p/JhwkBh,
b[ZNwko, GfoPNkuko, fJB;kB dh fJB;kB s'A Bcos, fcoe{ nZrKHHHH.
rohph nBgVQsk, G[Zywoh fpwkohnKHHH. fJ;/ soQK r[o{ xoK Bkb, ;o'toK
Bkb gokG"fse ejkDhnK i'Ve/, nBikD PoXkb{nK ƒ p/ofjwh Bkb
b[ZfNnk ik fojk j?. gkDh ;ohfoe b'VK tk;s/ j?, wB gkDh Bkb BjhA X'sk
ik ;edk. wB dh w?b r[opkDh ƒ thuko ;fjs gVQ e/, wzB e/ T[soBh
j?. eK fposh tkb/ p[o/ wB[Zy, r[opkDh d[nkok do;kJ/ r[DK ƒ fjod/ ftu
t;k e/ jz; ;[Gkn tkb/, Gb/ fJB;kB pDd/ jB. fJ;d/ Bkb jh j'o
wBw[ysk t/y'` dopko ;kfjp dhnK goeowk ftu fJe p/oh d/ Bkb s\sh
Nzrh j'Jh BIo nkt/rh, “d[y GziBh ;kfjp” eh fJe p/oh tork ;kXkoB
o[Zy, d[ZyK dh fBtosh eo ;edk j?< i/ o[Zy fJsB/ ;woE jB, fco
r[opkDh gVQB dh fejVh Io{os j?< eh wjkB r[o{ ih B/ ;kƒ o[ZyK,
gkDhnK, x'fVnK, w{oshnK, wB[ZyK dk g[ikoh pDkfJnk ;h< i/ fJ;/ soQK
ubdk fojk sK T[j fdB d{o BjhA, id'A r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ƒ tkX{ ;wM
e/ r[odtkfonK ftu'A gk;/ eo fdZsk ikt/rk.
f;Zyh f;XKsK dhnK iVQK eZND tkb/, nB/e ezw s/i jZEhA, pVh
us[okJh Bkb ehs/ ik oj/ jB. gzEe w[yh, s\sK d/ iE/dko g[ikoh,
Pq'wDh ew/Nh d/ nj[d/dko fit/A e[zG eoDh BhAd ;[Zs/ j'J/ jB. yzv/ pkN/ dh
gkj[b Se e/ gzEe iE/pzdh dk w?Apo pDhdk ;h. gzEe vf;gbB ftu
ihtB pshs eoBk jo f;Zy dk w[ZYbk coi j?. fJE/ sK nzfwqs SeDk Gh
eokwksh gokG"fse pDk fdZsk frnk j?. gzE ftu dk\bk ftXh tkbh,
GktBk nb'g j' rJh j?. id'A nzfwqs Se e/ dZ;hnK rJhnK poesK
ifrnk;{ ƒ BjhA fwbdhnK sK wk:{;h Sk iKdh j?. nzfwqs gqsh wB ftu
(161)
Pze/ s"yb/ T[m yb"Ad/ jB. i' ftPtk; d[nkfJnk frnk ;h T[j g{ok BjhA
j'fJnk. fco pzXBk ftu pZM/ ofjD dh eh Io{os j? < jo/e ;kyh ƒ,
gzEe wfo:kdk ƒ, r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ T[gd/PK ƒ, r[opkDh ƒ, eokwksh
dbdb ftu roe eo fdZsk frnk j?. n;b nzfwqs ;h r[opkDh, T[;s'A
gqkgs ehsh ihtB iku, r[ow[yh ihtB Gh nzfwqs ;h. r[opkDh s'A ;/X
gqkgs eoB dh Ekt/A, f;Zy p[oh soQK GNeDk ftu g? frnk j?. r[opkDh s'A
Gh eokwksh PeshnK okjhA wZ;b/ jZb eotkT[D d/ rbs okj/ g? frnk.
fJ;/ gktB r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu s[ofdnK fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu f;Zy
;cbsktK jk;b eod/ oj/. fiE/ r[o{ dh thukoXkok s'A p/w[y j'J/, w{X/
w{zj ik fvZr/. id'A tkg; gos/ r[opkDh ƒ ihtB dk nk;ok pDkfJnk,
ekw:kphnK M'bh ftu nkD gJhnK. wzsoK ikgK Bkb e[ZM BjhA ;ztoBk
fJj rb ;dk :kd oZyDk.
f;odko eg{o f;zx ih B/ nkgDh pj[ uofus g[;se “;kuh
;kyh” d/ gzBk 88 s'A 91 sZe efwT{Bb ntkov, fJzvhnk n?eN 1935,
pko/ ft;Eko Bkb fIeo ehsk j?. fJ;dk f;ZyK Bkb f;ZXk ;zpzX j'D
eoe/, nodk; torh gftZso e;w s'A oki;h nekbh bhvoK dk ;fsr[o{
s'A p/w[y j' ikD eoe/ ftP/P wjZst j?. i[bkJh 1936 ftu f;ZyK B/ fjzd{
iK w[;bwkBK d/ d[p/b pDk d/D tkb/ ekƒB (efwT{Bb ntkov) fto[ZX
;op ;zwsh Bkb wsk gk; ehsk, fe “f;Zy eN e/ wo ikDr/, go
efwT{Bb ntkov ƒ gzikp ftu bkr{ BjhA j'D d/Dr/.” T[BQk fdBK ftu
wk;No skok f;zx ih Pkjdo/ BIopzd ;B. fpBK nkfrnk s'A bkj"o
dk\b j'D dh ;Ik S/ wjhB/ se e?d j' ;edh ;h. fJ; bJh nkgD/
“f;zxkT{g[D/” d/ fpod ƒ gkbd/ j'J/, wk;No ih nkg fJ; wjkokik
oDihs f;zx dh ;wkX tkbh whfNzr s/ bkj"o Bk nkJ/. frnkBh eosko
f;zx d/ jZE fJj fbysh ;[B/jk G/i fdZsk^ “n;hA f;Zy p'Nh^p'Nh eNtk e/
wo iktKr/, go fiT[Ad/ ihn gzikp ftu, efwT{Bb ntkov bkr{ BjhA j'D
fdnKr/.” j/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx` (nodk; ftu ej/ rJ/ Ppd) s{z gzE dk
tkbh nytkT[Adk j?A, i/ n;hA efwT{Bb ntkov ƒ o'eD bJh tZvh s'A tZvh
(162)
e[opkBh eoB'A fgSKj jNhJ/, n;hA s/o/ f;Zy BjhA. go i/ s{z ;kvhnK
e[opkBhnK ƒ ;cbsk Bk pyP/, sK s{z gzE dk tkbh BjhA j?A.
f;ZyK B/ nZr/ Gh n"eVK tes r[o{ ;kfjpkB ƒ jkIo^BkIo ikDe/
eJh tko nodk; ehsh ;h. s/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/, :'r ftXh Bkb gzE dh
pj[Vh Gh ehsh ;h. fJ;dh T[xVthA fw;kb gzi cotoh 1762 ƒ e[Zg
o[jhV/ (wb/o e'Nb/ d/ B/V/) bkr/ d/ fGnkBe \{Bh izr s'A pknd, fiE/
brgr shj jIko wkJh^GkJh, f;Zy Pjhd j' rJ/ ;B. EZe/^G[Zy/ s/ i\wh
f;ZyK B/ nodk; ehsh ;h. j/ ;fsr[o{ ihU` ;kvh oZfynk eo', sK fe
n;hA s[jkv/ gktB ;o{g r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh oZfynk eo ;ehJ/. ;kƒ
ikB fgnkoh BjhA j?, ;r'A s[jkv/ T[gd/P o{gh r[opkDh fgnkoh j?, fJ;
bJh S/sh pj[Vh eo'” nZm wjhfBnK d/ E'V/ fij/ ;w/A ftu f;zxk B/ r[o{ s/
Go';k oZye/, w[V skes fJeZmh ehsh s/ 27 nes{po 1762 ƒ d[pkok
nfjwdPkj npdkbh ƒ ik tzrkfonk. nzfwqs;o s'A bkj"o ikD tkb/ okjK
d/ nk;^gk; fJj wko{ izr j'Jh. npdkbh dhnK c"IK p/nzs ikBh^wkbh
B[e;kB eotk e/, w?dkB SZv e/ BZ; T[ZmhnK. GkJh osB f;zx ih Gzr{,
gquhB gzE gqek; ftu fbyd/ jB ^
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx jkE i'V^i'V ej{z,
nkg e/ puB eh gqshs e"D wkB?r'.
oki eo/ ykb;k s' nkeh B oj/rk e'Jh,
y[nko j'fJ fwb?A pu/ PoB i' gSkB?r'.
;' s' ;G mhe j? Bihe np nkJh pks,
fuVhU[A ;/ pki w?A s[VT[A ;ku mkB?r'.
gzE eh iT[ okyh, sT[ rqzE eh oj?rh BkE,
okyh iT[ B gzE eh, rqzE e"D wkB?r'.
fJe tkoh j'o 1764 ftu d;zpo wjhB/ id'A npdkbh f;ZyK s'A
pdbk b?D dh wB;k oZy e/, pj[s tZvk b" bPeo b? e/, f;zxK Bkb d' jZE
eoB tk;s/ gzikp nkfJnk sK ;G s'A gfjbK jwbk T[;B/ dopko ;kfjp
s/ ehsk. pkpk r[op\P f;zx dh ewkB j/m, e/tb 30 e[ f;zx dopko
(163)
;kfjp ih dh ;/tk tk;s/ mfjo/ j'J/ ;B. npdkbh dk spkje[B jZbk
t/ye/, pkpk r[op\P f;zx B/ nodk; eofdnk fJj puB ej/ ^
j? e'T{ f;zx fJ; gzE wMko< bkJ/ ;h; eo/ dorkj g[eko.
jfowzdo e/ phu w/A fJw ehBh nodk;.
f;yh s'V fBGkjhn? ;h; e/;B ;zr ;tk;. (osB f;zx Gzr{)
fJBQK i'dVh ehsh ;h fe ;kvh f;Zyh e/;K ;[nk;K ;zr fBG ikt/.
;fsr[o{ ƒ e'Jh T[bkGk BjhA fdZsk Bk e'Jh tzrko gkJh. ;ko/ f;Zy :'X/
PjhdhnK gk rJ/, f;Zyh e/;K ;[nk;K ;zr fBGk rJ/. w[es;o d/ n;EkB
s/ GkJh rzvk f;zx, GkJh Gkr f;zx, GkJh okJ/ f;zx, GkJh wjK f;zx nkfd
B/ ;fsr[o{ d;w gksPkj ƒ fby fdsk ;h fe “s[jkvh f;Zyh ;kE'A fBGdh
BjhA” go tIho \kB tb'A nukBe j'J/ jwb/ ƒ t/ye/ \{B B/ T[pkbk ykXk,
oD sZs/ ftu jfEnko ;{s e/ i?eko/ rikT[Ad/ e[Zd gJ/. bZrGr ;ko/ jh
d[PwD d/ nkj{^bkT[Ad/, PjhdhnK gk rJ/. nkyoh ;kjK s/ gJ/ i\wh
f;zxK ƒ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ pyfPP d/ xo nke/ nkyoh fJZSk g[ZSh sK
f;ZyK B/ fBwosk ;fjs p/dktk gkV d/D dh p/Bsh ehsh. j'o e'Jh wzr
BjhA wzrh, p; f;Zyh e/;K ;[nk;K ;zr fBG/.
fJfsjk; d/ gzfBnK s/ fJ; soQK dhnK j'o xNBktK d/ t/ot/ Gh
BIohA g?Ad/ jB. fiE/ f;ZyK fBwosk ;fjs nkfynk “;fsr[o{ ihU` f;Zyh
wkor, nsh fpyVk j?, n;hA fBwkD/ ;z;koh iht f;Zyh fBGkT[D' n;woE
jK. go fJj edh BjhA fejk, ;fsr[o{ ih s[;hA rbs j'. i[bkJh 1936
ftu gfjbh tkoh nfijh tzrko (T[go'es nk u[e/ nB[;ko) f;ZyK d/
tkfjd bhvoK tZb'A, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ƒ gkJh rJh. fi; tzrko ftu
;fsr[o{ ih d/ ;otPeshwkB j'D pko/, PoXk dk nGkt ;h. oZph fB:wK
d/ T[bN nodk;, r[o{ ep{b BjhA eodk, fJj r[owfs dk gqwkfDe f;XKs
j?. go rohp fBtki ;fsr[o{ ih B/, f;Zy nkr{nK dh fJj nihp fe;w
dh nodk; ;[Dh. nkgD/ fpod dh bki oZyD fjZs, ;fsr[o{ ih B/ nkgD/
nkg ƒ fJBQK bhvoK d/ ;Bw[y oZfynk. go nc;'; nPoXk rq;s \[d
roi nkr{, ;fsr[o{ ih s'A nkgDhnK oki;h }[bkwh dhnK p/VhnK, Bk
(164)
eNtk ;e/.
rZb fJ; soQK j'Jh fe f;ZyK tZb'A ehsh nodk; ns/ gk; ehs/ rJ/
ws/ dhnK \poK gzikp$Gkos d/ r'o/ rtoBoK okjhA, poskBth gkobhw?AN
sZe g[ihnK sK T[E/ vkYh fuzsk j'Jh. dhox ;'u^ftuko fgZS' ;szpo
1936 ftu, fJj c?;bk ehsk frnk, i/ f;Zy ;Zuh^w[uh efwT{Bb ntkov
fto[X o'; ti'A woB^wkoB s/ nk ikD s/ wko{ dzfrnK ftu e/tb thj pzd/
wko/ ikD sk gzikp ftu'A efwT{Bb ntkov tkg; b? fbnk ikt/. BftUA
f;foUA d[pkok e/tb gzikp d/ f;ZyK, w[;bwkBK, fjzd{nK dh okT[Av N/pb
ekBcoz; fJ; fcoekdkoh ƒ BfiZmD tk;s/, p[bkJh ikt/. fJ; nkd/; ƒ
wZd/ BIo oyfdnK, nes{po 1936 ƒ rtoBo gzikp tZb'A, ;{p/ d/ ;ko/
efwPoK d/ Bkw, r[gs gZso ikoh ehs/ rJ/.” fe nro f;Zy efwT{Bb
ntkov d/ fto[ZX woB wkoB s/ T[so nkT[D sK poskBth ;oeko tZb'A
j[ew tkg; b? fbnk ikt/. “Btzpo 1936 ftu fJj ;koh \po r[gs
sohe/, f;Zy bhvoK sZe gj[zuk fdZsh rJh. go nc;';` f;Zy bhvo,fJ;
t/b/ sZe efwT{Bb ntkov fto[ZX ehsh rJh nodk; G[Zb u[Ze/ ;B. r[o{
tZb'A w[y w'V u[Ze/ ;B. MrVk f;oc fJj ofj frnk ;h, fe gzikp e";b
bJh wk;No skok f;zx d/ pzd/ pj[s u[D/ ikD iK ;z[do f;zx wihmhJ/ d/.
id'A wk;No skok f;zx ƒ ehsh rJh nodk; pko/ ns/ e;wK dk u/sk
eokfJnk frnk, sK wk;No ih dk i[nkp ;h “fJj e;w w?A fJeZb/ B/
BjhA ;h ykXh, ;z[do f;zx wihmhnk Gh Bkb jh ;h”. XzB f;Zyh` fJT[A
f;Zy nkr{nK tZb'A, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ƒ gkJh tzrko dk, fBskok j'fJnk.
dzGh s/ ekfJo f;Zy nkr{ d' ijkB d/ tkbh ;fsr[o{ e'b, M{mhnK GpeK
wko e/, pyPPK eotkT[Dk ukjz[d/ ;B”
ufV e? x'VV? e[zd/ geVfj y{zvh dh y/vkoh]
jz;k ;/sh fus[ T[bk;fj e[eV dh T[vkoh] (322)
eh nZi Gh ehshnK eokJhnK ik ojhnK nodk;K pko/ fJjh e"Vk
;Zu bkr{ BjhA j[zdk< feT[Afe f;Zy nodk; eotk e/ rcbs dh BhAd ftu
x{e ;" iKdk j?. iK fco ;woZE r[o{ Bkb e{VhnK PosK bkT[Adk j?. nro
(165)
;fsr[o{ ih w/ok nwek ezw ;ztko d/D sK tZN/ ftu nweh G/N fdnKrk.
i/eo ezw Bk ehsk sK s[jkƒ ;woE r[o{ jh BjhA wzBkrk. w?A s[jkv/ Bkb'A
Bksk s'Ve/, fe;/ j'o v/o/dko dk uoB ;/te pD iktKrk. fJj fbyD bJh
w?A wIp{o jK fe nodk; ns/ r[opkDh gkm dh w{b GktBk ed/ dh nkb'g
j' u[Zeh j?. nkswk d/ ihtB dks/, Bkw nzfwqs pkM'A f;Zy ihtB bZrGr
w[odk bkP dh fBnkJhA j' u[Zfenk j?. fJfsjk; ftu doI cyo:'r f;Zy
feodko phs/ dh ejkDh tKr ft;ko fdZsk frnk j?. fJ;/ bJh pj[s tZvh
frDsh f;Zy spek, fe;/ eokwks dh T[vhe ftu, fe;/ }?ph Pesh dh
nk; ftu, ;kj;s^jhD j'fJnk, yko/ ;w[zdo ftu roe j'D d/ B/V/ j?.
wB eoe/ r[owfs frnkB s'A ;ZyDk sB eoe/ yhD ewI'o j?. Bhw^jehw
v/o/dkoK s'A M[Zrk b[Ntk fojk j?. r[opkDh f;XKsK s'A e'o/, w{VQ, p/JhwkB
oki;h bhvoK tZb'A popkdh dh jB/oh yZv ftu XZfenk ik fojk j?.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ Bkw nzfwqs r[opkDh okjhA f;Zy ƒ pyf;nk ;h, sK fe
fJ;dk ;w[Zuk ihtB nzfwqs^wJh pD ikt/. go pj[frDsh f;ZyK, fJ;
gktB r[opkDh dk T[gd/P nzfwqs ns/ nodk; dh nzsqht wjZssk G[bk e/
w{Vsk dk jh ;p{s fdZsk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih dk fJ; goEkJ/ puB j? L^
eo wfj nzfwqs[ nkfD fB;kfoU] fy;fo rfjU G{w gfo vkfoU](gzBk 389)
gftZso r[opkDh ftu fIzdrh d/ ;otgZyh gfjb{nK pko/ nfwDtk
frnkB w"i{d j?. go f;Zy nfrnkBsk dh r{VQh BhAdo ftu'A ikr/ sK jh
e[ZM ;[DkJh d/t/. ;fsr[o{ ih nkgDk nkgk ;ztkoB dh, r[Dk Bkb Gog{o
eo b?D dh f;Zfynk d/ oj/ jB L^
nkg[ ;tkofj w? fwbfj w? fwfbnk ;[y[ j'fJ]
cohdk i/ s{ w/ok j'fJ ojfj ;G ir[ s/ok j'fJ] (gzBk^1382)
nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A pko/, ;kv/ w[yhnK ed/ e'Jh ;ehw fsnko BjhA
ehsh. f;nkD/ nkr{ ;?eV/ ;kbK tk;s/, bzw/ gbkB fsnko eod/ jB. id'A
f;o g?Adh j? sK e[ZM M[DMDh fijh nkT[Adh j?, pknd ftu fco T[jh
jkbs. r[opkDh dk c[owkD j? L^
o/ w{V/ nB ekj/ esikJh]
;zfr wB'jo nzfwqs s?o/ G{fb G{fb fpy[ ykJh] (1212)
(166)
whAj to;D s'A gfjbK, BdhnK dfonktK ftu p/P[wko gkDh tr
g?D s'A gfjbK, f;nkDk wB[Zy y/s d[nkb/ wIp{s tZNk uVkT[Adk j?. ;wMdko
gfotko xo dh w[ozws ;zGkb eodk j?. i/ b'V g? ikt/ sK p/Vh nkfde dk
gqpzX Gh gfjbK jh eodk j?. id'A gkDh f;o'A bzx ikt/, sd'A e[M BjhA
pDBk. fJE/ Gh fynkb oj/, \sok t/ye/, gfjbK g{oh fsnkoh eoBh j?,
fes/ wzso gkm, ikg, nodk; eoe/ bk^gqtkj j' e/ Bk p?m ikDk.
y/fs fwnkbk T[uhnk xo[ T[uk fBoDkT[]
wjb Grsh xfo ;o? ;iD gkj[fDnkT[] (gzBk^517)
p/Vk pzfX B ;feU pzXB eh t/bk]
Gfo ;oto[ ip T{Sb? sp soD[ d[j/bk] (gzBk^794)
;fsr[o{ fwjo d/ xo nk e/ ;kfonK ƒ nekbh pkDh d/ (r[opkDh)
j[ew ƒ ;wM e/ fJ; nB[;ko nkgDk ihtB Ykb b?D dh ;woEk d/t/.
Bkb jh nodk; eoB dh ftXh ;wMkJ/. d[BhnK f;nkDg Bkb, fwjBs
Bkb, iE/pzd j' e/, d{o^nzd/P w[yhnK dh ofjB[wkJh ftu, pj[s nZr/
fBebdh ik ojh j?. f;Zy gzE, \[droi oki;h B/sktK d/ ekoB, oki d/
;BwkB s'A tkMk j?. gkyzvh Xow d/ u'b/ tkfbnK ekoB Xow tZb'A ykbh j?,
f;Zy e"w. wkbk c/o' wzso gVQ', gkm^ikg eo', nodk;K eotkU, ;ko/
ekoi nkgD/^nkg ok; nk ikDr/.” fJjh gqukfonk ik fojk j?. ;w/A
f;o u"^ezB/ j'D dh b'V j?. toBk pj[s gSV u[Ze/ j'tKr/. ;fsr[o{ ih d/
uoBk ftu i'dVh j?, f;Zy e"w ;BwkB tkbh, frnkB tkbh, fXnkb tkbh,
;zg{oD r[ow[yskJh tkbh, fIzdrh pshs eo ;e/. nkgDh j'Dh frnkB
ns/ fwjBs Bkb ;ztko ;e/.
e'Jh rkt? e' ;[D? e'Jh eo? phuko[]
e' T[gd/;? e' fdqV? fs; ek j'fJnk T[Xko[] (gzBk^300)
d/y" GkJh rQkB eh nkJh nKXh]
;G? T[vkBh Gqw eh NkNh oj? B wkfJnk pKXh] (331)
ekP` f;Zy ;wki r[opkDh ƒ ;wM e/ ihtB ftu Ykb bt/. nzso
nksw/ frnkB dh jB/oh tr gt/. fco tfjwK^GowK s/ ftykt/ tkb/
eoweKvK dk ;ckfJnk j' ikt/.
[[[[
(167)
.....HHHs/ ;zs Gb/ r[of;y j?s/ ;zs Gb/ r[of;y j?s/ ;zs Gb/ r[of;y j?s/ ;zs Gb/ r[of;y j?s/ ;zs Gb/ r[of;y j?
;z;ko ftu Xkowe P\;hnsK, ;kX{ ;zsK dk, nkw b'eK d/ wBK s/
pVk goGkt pfDnk j'fJnk j[zdk j?. nkw ifrnk;{ d[fBnkth XzfdnK
ftu T[bfMnk j'D eoe/, gqtkfoe ;wkie fIzw/tkohnK fBGkT[D eoe/,
ngD/ nkg B{z cf;nk fijk wfj;{; eodk j?. Xow rqzEK dk v{zxk w[skfbnk
eoBk, ftdtkBK d/ ftuko ;[DB/, iK uzrk ;kfjs gVQBk Gh nkw ftnesh
bJh ;zGt BjhA j?. Gkos dk oki;h szso J/BK fBZxo u[Zfenk j?, T[FZgob/
rfbnkfonK s'A b? e/, j/mb/ wkw{bh w[bkIw sZe (ftob/ B{z Sv e/) jo
e'Jh fGq;Nkuko dh rzrk ftu v[pehnK bk fojk j?. j[D sK fJB;kc dk
wzdo Gkosh ndkbsK Gh fJ; “jwkw” ftu, “ihtB ;cbk” eodhnK
gosZy fd; ojhnK jB. oki;h b[N/fonK tZb'A, ;oekoh w[bkiwK$nc;oK
tZb'A, tehbK ndkbsK tZb'A, g[bh; ns/ vkeNoK tZb'A, fdB fdjkV/ d'jhA
jZEhA ;wki B{z b[ZfNnk ik fojk j?. p/JhwkBhnK eoB tkb/ b[N/o/ Gh
“PKsh” dh Gkb ftu jB, b[ZN dk fPeko j'J/ nkw b'ehA Gh gq/PkB jB.
d't/A fXoK c"oh ;Ksh dh fJZSk Bkb, Xkowe u'fbnK tkb/ b'eK d/ uoBK s/,
ik f;o fNekT[AdhnK jB. nZr/ bzwK u'bk, rZb ftu wkbk, fJZe tZyo/
nzdkI Bkb pzBh d;sko, p?mD bJh ftP/P fe;w d/ nk;D u"ehnK, yk;
r[gs J/H ;hH bZr/ “Grsh n;EkB” ftu, niroh e[zvb wkoh p?m/
“;Jhnkd”, nfij/ fPeko dh p/;poh Bkb T[vhe eofdnK “wzso ikg”
eo oj/ j[zd/ jB.
wB fposh eoe/ e'Jh fJB;kB Xkowe j't/ sK T[;B{z Yzv'ok fgZND
dh b'V BjhA j[zdh. nfijk B/e g[oP, ngD/ fBZs d/ feodko, s/ tos'A
ftjko okjh, Xowh j'D dk ;p{s fdzdk ofjzdk j?. fJj Gbk g[oy ;zgoe
(168)
ftu nkJ/ jo wB[Zy B{z, fteko fsnkr e/, r[DK Bkb Gog{o ihtB fiT{D
dh f;Zfynk d/t/rk. ;wki d/ jo gqkDh wkso dh ;/tk eoe/, dhBK
fBwkfDnK, d[fynkfonK dh ;/tk eoBk, Xow dk ftP/P nzr j'Dk fdqV
eotkJ/rk. go nZi dk “wZmkXh;” (ny"sh ;kX ;zs) xo/b{ jkbks
ekoB, iK wB p[ZXh dh ewI'oh ekoB, ;e{b ftu dkyb Bk j' ;fenk. s/
PkfJd ekbi d/ fe;/ pkjob/ r/N nZr'A Gh BK bzfxnk j't/. fco feZsk
e'Jh f;Zfynk BjhA, g/N g{osh fet/A ehsh ikt/< gqtko d/ w?Apo fByZN{
ftnesh B{z fesBh e[ d/o sZe ;zGkb ;ed/ jB< nDgVQ, p/o[Irko, iwhB
ikfJdks s'A ykbh bVe/ B{z, ngDh p/Nh e'Jh fet/A d/ ;edk j?< ;' nfij/
pj[s/ “;zs ;kX” ne;o SV/ jh ofj iKd/ jB. ftnkj dh T[wo ftjk
u[ZeD s'A pkd “pkb pqjwukoh” j'D dk Y'b tik fdzd/ jB. fJ; woI d/
nB/eK wohi v/fonK, Ne;kbK, fBjzr S"fDnK, ns/ j'o Xow ;EkBK s/
E'e ftu gqkgs j' ;ed/ jB. nkw gqkDh e'b Xow dh ;{M Bjh j[zdh, ikD/
nDikD/ ftu, pj[s ;ko/ BikfJI ezw ehs/, wB s/ pVk tiB nk fgnk.
fizdrh ftu i' ukfjnk ;h, T[j gqkgs Bk j'fJnk, eJh nDfenk;hnK
d[ydkJh xNBktK B/ nkD dp'funk. fco Xowh j'D dk ;oNhfce/N gqkgs
eoB bJh, fJj gq/PkB ftnesh, ;zsK ;kXK d/ uoBK ftu jkio j' e/,
fpBK d/oh s'A ;Ksh$Bkw dh ikuBk eod/ jB. pdb/ ftu ;woZEk w[skpe,
uzrh u'yh wkfJnk, G/N g{ik nogD eod/ jB. fJ; soQK Xow d/ Bkw s/,
Xkowe gfjokt/ ftu, Xow n;EkBK nzdo, Xow rzqEK dh, ngDh roi
bJh, s/ ifrnk;{nK B{z b[ZND bJh Po/nkw tos'A dk pZio gkg eod/ jB.
j? e'Jh nfijk f;obZE ;{owk i' fJ; nXowh tosko/ B{z mZbD bJh, i?
ekok rik e/ w?dkB ftu fBZso ;e/< nc;';, fe nfijk Bk j'D dk w[Zy
ekoB j?, gktB r[opkDh tZb'A nfrnkBsk. g[;seK Bk gVQB dh spkje[B
fposh. fJ;/ bJh pj[ frDsh f;Zy nytkT[D tkb/, epoK, wZmK, wVQhnK,
w{oshnK, Xkr/ sthsK ikd{ wzsoK, MkV c{eK, jE"fbnK G{sK gq/sK tor/
nDfrDs GowK ftu v[Zp/ b'eK dhnK, GhVK do GhVK jo EK t/yhnK ik
;edhnK jB. b[N/o/ Bt/A o{gK s/ Bt/A Yzr sohfenK Bkb b?; j' e/, G'b/
(169)
Gkb/ b'eK B{z b[ZND tk;s/ nkw nZv/ pDkJh p?m/ fd; oj/ jB.
id'A fJZe tkoh wB[y fizdrh d/ okj s'A GNe ikt/, ;w/A f;o T[; B{z
n;bh okj s/ fbnkT[D tkbk, pkpk BkBe ih tZb'A to';kfJnk, goT[gekoh
r[of;y Gh Bk fwb/, fco T[;dk tkg; gosDk Bkw[wfeB fijk j' iKdk
j?. ;r'A fJ; d/ T[bN, T[j e[okj/ fgnk iht, ngD/ T[;/ fes/ ftu, f;o/
dh w[jkos jk;b eoB bJh isB;hb ofjzdk j?. TFZ[go'A x'o fBok;sk dh
rZb fJj fe f;Zy gzE dhnK Pq'wDh nytkT[D tkbhnK iE/pzdhnK, ns/
iE/dko, x{e rcbs dh jB/o e'mh ftu tV, x[okV/ wko oj/ jB. id'A
uko/ gk;/ e'Jh ysok iK o'e N'e Bk j't/, G'bhnK ;zrsK “;[y PKsh” dh
yqhd eoB bJh, fJZe d{i/ s'A nZr/ fBeb ikD bJh ewoe;h fcoB, sd'A
“c;h B{z cNeD eh ”< v/fonK ftu p?m/ pj[frDsh b'eK B/ ngD/ gfjokt/
nkw f;ZyK Bkb'A nbZr fe;w d/ XkoB eo bJ/ jB. ngD/ v/fonK dh
wfonkdk, nkg' ngDh wBwoIh dh j?. fJjBK EKtK s/ r[opkDh d/ noE
ngDh fBih P'Gk tkb/ “x;hN e/” ehs/ iKd/ jB. r[opkDh ouDjko/
wjKg[oyK, d; r[o{ ;fjpkB, iK wjkB ;{ow/ f;ZyK dk fJfsjk;, fJjBK
EktK s/ BjhA ;[DkfJnk iKdk, ngD/ s'A gfjbK j' r[io/ “;zs ih ” d/
“goT[geko” jh ;zrsK B{z ;otD eotkJ/ iKd/ jB. r[opkDh ftu'A e[M
u'DthnK s[eK b? e/, u/fbnK tZb'A ;zs ih dh P'Gk eotkJh iKdh j?. “d/y'
ih` r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih B/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp ftu ;kX ;zs dh pj[s
T[;ss ehsh j?. j'o pj[s EkJhA r[opkDh ftu “;zs” dh tfvnkJh t/yh
ik ;edh j?. T[j pkDh fJjBK g[oyK tk;s/ jh sK T[ukoh rJh j?”. “uko
gdkoE i/ e' wkr?..“;kX” iBk eh ;/tk bkr?..” (;[ywBh)
uoB ;kX e/ X'fJ X'fJ ghT[.. nog ;kX eT[ ngBk ihT[..
;kX eh X{fo eoj[ fJ;BkB.. ;kX T[{gfo ikJhn? e[opkB.. (;[ywBh)
T[FZgo tofDs gzeshnK ns/ fJjBK GktK Bkb fwbdhnK pj[s
;kohnK s[eK (Ppd) r[opkDh ftu'A, tZvh frDsh ftu fwb iKdhnK jB.
j[D ftukoB tkbh rZb fJj j? fe ;fseko:'r ;fsr[o{ ih, ngD/ ;/teK B[z{
;fsr[o{ ik tkfjr[o{ dk gZbk cVB dh Ekt/A, fJjBK ny"sh ;zsK d/ fgZS/ bk
(170)
rJ/ jB< f;ZyK ;/teK dk gko fB;skok eoB bJh, T[jBK e'b :'rsk BjhA
;h< ;fsr[o{ ih f;yK B[z{ fJZe' ;{so (fJZe ftukoXkok) ftu go'Dk uj[zd/
;B, iK jikoK v/o/dkoK d/ g?ohA gkT[Dk ukj[zd/ ;B< fJ; rZb dk fJjBK
;kXK e'b eh ;p{s j?, fe “;kX ;zs ” Ppd nZi tkb/ bkD/ bJh jh
T[ukoB ehsk j'fJnk j?. eh fJjBK ftneshnK dh r[opkDh ftu Bkw
fbye/ tfvnkJh ehsh rJh j?< id'A fJjBK dk Bkw r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu,
Y{zfvnK BjhA fwbdk, id'A pkDh dh ouBk ehsh rJh j?, sd'A fJjBK dk
Bkw' fBPkB fes/ Bjh ;h. fco wB[ysk iK gzE d/ tv/o/ fjZsK tkbk, fJjBK
fieo:'r ekoi e'Jh BjhA ehsk sK “ngD/ w{zj nkg/ whnK fwZm{” pDB s'A
f;tkJ/ j'o e[M Bio BjhA nkT[Adk. “;zs” Ppd r[opkDh ftu brgr
uko noEK ftu nkfJnk j?. gfjbk nekb g[oy tk;s/, d{ik ;fsr[o{
bJh, shik pkDh ou?sk GrsK wjkg[oyK bJh, u"Ek nkfJnk j?, ;kX ;zrs
iK f;ZyK ;/teK bJh. nkT[ j[D fJZe fJZe B[es/ dh ftuko eohJ/ BzL 1L
“jwo' Gosk pv' fpp/eh, nkg/ ;zs ejkt?.
Uj[ jwko? wkE? ekfJw[ nT[o[ jwo? fBefN B nkt?.. (476)
fJ; Ppd ftu gftZso T[gd/; j? fe ;kvk wkbe (gsh Gosk)
pj[s ;wM tkbk j?, T[j nkg/ jh tZvk “;zs” efjnk ikD :'r j?. id'A
sZe T[j tkfjr[o{ ;zs ;kv/ wZE/ (fjod/) ftu w"i{d j? j'o e'Jh ;kv/ B/V/
BjhA Y[Ze ;edk.
sB[ ‘;zsB’ ek XB[ ‘;zsB’ ek wB[ ‘;zsB’ ek ehnk..
‘;zs’ gq;kfd jfo Bkw[ fXnkfJnk ;op e[;b sp Ehnk.. (610)
fJj ;oho gqwkswk dh pyfPP j?, ;oho dhnK b'VK tk;s/ ;ko/
gdkoE Gh oZp dh d/D jB. fJj wB Gh T[;/ ;zs (tkfjr[o{) B/ pDkfJnk
j?. T[;/ ;zs op dh feogk Bkb T[;dk “Bkw” fXnkfJnk sK ;G ;[Zy
PKsh gqkgs j'Jh. sB wB XB, oZph fgnkfonK dh ;/tk ftu jkIo j?.
2H (;fsr[o{ bJh) frnkB nziB[ r[o dhnk nfrnkB nzX/o fpBk;[..
jfo feogk s/ ‘;zs’ G/fNnk BkBe wfB gork;[.. (;[ywBh 293)
fJ; gktB gzesh ftu c[owkB j? fe frnkB o{gh ;[owk, r[o{ B/
(171)
py; fdZsk, nfrnkBsk dk jB/ok fwN frnk. gow/;o dh feogk Bkb
;zs s/ r[o{ fwb frnk, s/ nzdo frnkB d/ ukBD Bkb Gog{o j' frnk.
fJZe' gzesh ftu ;zs ns/ ;fsr[o{ fJeZmk tofsnk frnk j?.
uoB GJ/ ;zs p'fjEk s/o/ ;kro i/s..
wkor gkJ/ T[fdnkB wfj r[o d;/ G/s.. (910)
fJ; puB okjhA ;fsr[o{ ;wMk oj/ jB fe (;zs) r[o{ d/ uoB
(Bkw) w//o/ bJh p/Vh dh fBnkJh jB, fi; okjhA ;z;ko ;w[zdo sohdk j?.
izrb ftu GNe oj/ B{z ;fsr[o{ B/ okj dZ; fdZsk, wkB' fizdrh dk G/s w?B{z
;wMk fdZsk.
efo feogk ‘;zs’ fwb/ w'fj fsB s/ Xhoi[ gkfJnk..
‘;zsh’ wzs[ dhU w'fj fBoGT[ r[o ek ;pd ewkfJnk.. (205)
w?B{z feogk eoe/ ;zs ns/ r[o{ fwb frnk, T[; B/ w?B{z wkBf;e
fNekT[ fdZsk. ;zs ns/ r[o{ B/ w?B{z Bkw wzso py; fdZsk, w? fBoGT[ j'
frnk, r[o{ d/ Ppd w[skpe ihtB ubD pDk fbnk..
;fsr[fo ;zs[ fwbkfJnk w;sfe Xo e? jE[.. tvk ;kfjp[ r[o{
fwbkfJnk fifB skfonk ;rb irs[.. (958) ;fsr[o{ ih B/ tkfjr[o{
(;zs) B{z fwbtk fdZsk. tvk ;kfjp nekb g[oy r[o{ B/ fwbk fdZsk, i'
;kfonK B{z skoB i'r j?.
3 (pkDh ou?sk GrsK pko/)
Gb' epho dk; dk;B e', T[sw ;?B iB BkJh..
T{u s/ T{u Bkw d/T[ ;wdo;h, oftdk; mke[o pD nkJh..
ihT[ fgzv[ sB XB ‘;kXB’ ek, fJj[ wB ‘;zs’ o/BkJh..
;zs gqskfg Gow ;G Bk;/ BkBe fwb/ r[';kJh.. (1207)
wBw'je puBK okjhA ;fsr[o{ ih feogk eo oj/ jB fe epho pj[s
B/e j?, p/nzs T[Zu/ ihtB d/ pkti{d, ;GBK dk ;/te pD e/ fpuodk j?.
iks dk BkJh, ;?B Grs pj[s T[u/ ihtB tkbk j?, go pVk fBowkD j?.
T[FZfunK s'A Gh T[uk Bkwd/t j?, ;kfonK B{z fJZe' BIo t/ydk j?. oftdk;
pj[s B/e j?, T[FZsw r[DK eoe/ gqw/Po dk fgnkok j?. w/ok ihtB, ;oho,
(172)
XB, ;G e[M fJjBK Gb/ ;zsK s'A e[opkB j?, w/ok wB fJjBK ;zsK d/ uoBK
dh X{Vh j?. fJjBK wjKg[oyK (;zsK) d/ T[Zsw frnkB ;dek wB[ysk GowK
ftu'A fBeb ojh j?. ;[uZih ihtB iku ;dek gqG{ B[z{ gqkgs eo bJhdk j?,
T[; ftu bhB j' ikJhdk j?.
r[o{ okwdk; ih bJh ;zs PpdL^
fij fgys nfs j'fJ oj; wfB,
;'Jh ;zs ;jko[ r[o{ okwdk;[.. (1406)
fiBQK d/ do;B ehfsnk (r[opkDh T[gd/P okjhA) wB fNe iKdk j?,
T[jh j? ;zsK dk ;jkok tZvk ;zs, ;fsr[o{ okw dk; ih.
BzL 4 (;kX ;zrs s/ f;ZyK bJh)
nzso ikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/..
BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w'eT[ efo ‘;zsB’ eh X[{o?.. (13)
j/ nzsoikwh tkfjr[o{ w/o/ wB dh PoXk ;fseko, ;zg{oD ngD/ uoDK
Bkb i'Vh oyDh.
w? fBwkDk ;/te fJjh dks wzrdk jK, w?B{z ;kX ;zrs d/ uoBK dh X{Vh
(fBwosk Gkt) pDkJh oZyhA.
fiBh “r[o e/ pufB” nkokfXnk fsB ft;fo rJ/ ;fG d[yk..
s/ ‘;zs’ Gb/ ‘r[of;y’ j? fiB Bkjh fuzs gokJh u[yk.. (588)
fiBQK Gb/ ihtK B/ ;fsr[o{ d/ T[gd/P d[nkok, gqG{ B{z f;wfonk (ihtB
pshs ehsk) T[jBK d/ ;ko/ d[y ysw j' rJ/. T[j ‘;zs’ s/ ‘f;Zy’ (Gkt
f;Zy jh ;zs j?) B/e ihtB tkb/ pD iKd/ jB, ;fsr[o{ ih d/ T[gd/P Bkb,
oZsh wk;k Gh fuzsk nkfde BjhA ofjzdh.
‘;fsr[o ;zs[’ fwb? ;Kfs gkJhn? febfpy ekN/ ;fG d{fo..
nm;fm shoE wiB[ ehnk ‘;s ;zrfs’ gr BkJ/ X[{fo..(1198)
;fsr[o{ ;zs fwb/ s'A, wkBf;e PKsh gqkgs j[zdh j?, ;ko/ dZ[y eb/P eZN/
iKd/ jB. wkB' nmkjm shoEK dk fJ;BkB j' frnk, id'A ;/tk eofdnK
;zrsK dh uoB X{Vh ;oho TFZ[go g? rJh.
(173)
BzL 5 (;KMk T[gd/P)
XzB[ XzB[ Gkr fsBk ‘Grs’ iBk,
i' jfo Bkwk jfo w[fy ejfsnk..
XzB[ XzB[ Gkr fsBK ‘;zs’ iBk, i' jfo i;[ ;qtDh ;[Dfsnk..
XzB[ XzB[ Gkr fsBK ‘r[ow[yK’, i' r[of;y b? wB fiDfsnk..
;G d{z tv/ Gkr “r[of;yK” e/, i' r[o uoDh f;y gVfsnk..(649)
fJ; gktB Ppd ftu ;fsr[o{, ;zs, ;kX, r[ow[y, Grs, nkfde ;kfonK
dk ;fseko eod/ jB, go sK, i/ eo fJj ;ko/ r[o{ dh f;Zfynk, wB puB
s/ eow eoe/ gotkD eo b?D. b/feB ;kfonK s'A tZv/ Gkr r[of;yK d/
jB, fiBQK B/ nkgk Gkt rtk e/, r[o{ dh PoD ftu (r[o{ nkfrnk ftu)
N[oDk gotkD eo fbnk j?.
;fsr[o{ ih d/ to';kJ/, r[opkDh d/ ftnkfynkeko, GkJh r[odk;
ih, pj[s ;z[do puBK okjhA c[owkB eod/ jB^
gzu pko rzr ikJ/, pko gzu gqkr BkJ/, s?;k g[zB J/e r[of;y e' BtkJ/ ek..
f;y e' fgbkJ/ gkBh, GkT[ efo e[by/s, n;w/X ir cb f;y e' fitkJ/ ek..
i?;/ ;s wzdo ezuB e/ T[;ko dhB/ s?;k g[zB f;y eT[ fJZe ;pd f;ykJ/ ek..
i?;/ ph; pko, doPB ehnk ;kX{ ekj{, s?;k g[zB f;y eT[, ukg gr ;[nkJ/ ek..(Gkr L 673)
GkJh r[odk; ih ;wMk oj/ jB, eJh tkoh rzrk, eJh tkoh gokr
fJPBkB s'A r[of;Zy B{z BtQK d/Dk pj[s T[FZsw j?. e[o{eP/so fty/ nPt w/t
:Zr dk cb ns/ fJPBkB Bkb'A, r[of;Zy B{z ib SekT[Dk s/ gqPkdk Sek
d/Dk, fes/ tX cbdkfJe j?. i/eo ;Zs wfjb ;'B/ Bkb wVQe/ dkB eo
fdZs/ ikD, fJjBK s'A tX cb f;Zy B{z r[ows dh ;'Mh d/D ftu j?. fit/A
nB/e tkoh, ;kXK ;zsK d/ doPB s/ ;/tk ehsh T[FZsw wzBh iKdh j?, fJ;
s'A Gh finkdk g[zB cb, f;Zy dh ;/tk eoBh, w[Zmh ukgh s/ ;/tk eoBh
nkokw eoB bJh wzik fp;sok d/Dk pj[s uzrk j?. ;' fJ; efpZs okjhA
GkJh r[odk; ih B/, r[of;Zy B{z nfsnzs T{uk wkD fdZsk j?, ;kXK ;zsK B{z
pj[s wkw{bh doik fdZsk j?.
j[D iok e[ fJfsjk; tZb gVu'bthA BIo wko bJhJ/. ;fsr[o{ ;Zu/
(174)
gkfsPkj ih B/, f;Zy gzE iK ykb;k gzE pDkfJnk j?, ;kX gzE iK ;zs gzE
feXo/ BjhA fbfynk fwb/rk. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih s'A t/yhJ/ sK ;G s'A
gfjb/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/, nfBzB ;kEh f;Zy “GkJh” wodkBk ih ;B. T[jBK
gzikj ;kb s'A tZX ;wK, ;fsr[o{ BkBe fBozekoh ih dh gktB pkDh
rkT[AfdnK, ftuko uouk eofdnK, ;[DfdnK pshs ehsk. t/y', Bk ;zs
pD/ Bk pqjw frnkBh s/ Bk Pqh 108 iK 1008 ;zs pD/. e/tb “GkJh..
GkJh wodkBk ih``` r[o{ ih d/ ;kfjpIkfdnK B{z ;fseko Bkb ‘pkpk’
nkfd jh fejk iKdk j?. ;qh uzd ih B/ Gkt/A nkgDk tZyok fcoek yVk eo
fbnk ;h go T[j Gh ;koh T[wo ‘pkpk’ jh nytkJ/, ‘;zs’ iK ‘pqjw’
frnkBh BjhA. GkJh r[odk; ih i' r[o{pkDh d/ Pq'wDh ftnkfynkeko ;B,
T[jBK edh ‘;zs’ nkfd p/b'V/ PpdK dh tos'A BjhA ehsh. p[ZYk ih e/tb
‘pkpk’ nytkJ/ ‘;zs’ BjhA. GkJh fpXh uzd, GkJh bkb', GkJh fGykoh,
GkJh wshdk;, GkJh ;shdk;, GkJh wBh f;zx HHHHHHHHH. fJj frDsh
nBzs bzwh j?. id'A d;w gksPkj B/ ykb;k ;kiD dk ekoi ehsk, sK gzi/
nkgk tkoB tkb/, GkJh s/ fgnko/, Gkt “fgnko/ GkJh” nytkJ/. ;op
b'j rzqE ftu nzfes j?^ ykb;k w/o' o{g j? yk;.. ykb;/ wfj jT[A eoT[
fBtk;.. ykb;k w/o' w[y j? nzrk.. ykb;/ e/ jT[A;d;d ;zrk. HHHHHHH
sks goi fJj gJh fJj feXo/ fbfynk BjhA fwb/rk gJh “;kX ;zs” w/o'
o{g j? yk;HHHHHHHHH. d;w gkfsPkj jI{o B/ ;oho ;ze'uD tes fco fJjh
j[ew ehsk l “g{ik nekb eh, gouk Ppd ek, dhdko ykb;/ ek”. fes/
BjhA fbfynk dhdko “;zs” dk. pzdk f;zx, ‘;zs’ iK r[o{ pD u[Ze/ fJB;kB
B{z d;w gkfsPkj B/, f;Zy pDkfJnk “pjkdo” pDkfJnk. izrh ioB?b
pDkfJnk, ;zs g[Dk ;kok X' e/ pkjo eZY wkfonk. fw;bK tes “f;zxk
f;zxDhnK B/ Xow j/s ;h; fds/, pzd pzd eNtkJ/, y'gohnK T[sotkJhnK,
uoyhnK s/ uV/, f;Zyh e/;K ;[nk;K ;zr fBGkJh”. fJZe Gh ;kX ;zs
feXo/ fuokr b? e/ Y{zfvnk BjhA bZGdk ;ko/ fw;bK d/ n"y/ d"o ftu.
nodk; d/ fJZe nrb/ pzd ftu fJj puB nzfes jB^ “gqEw/ ;opZs
“ykb;k” ih eh nodk; j? ihHHHHHHHHHH”. nZr/ j'o gV'^ “f;ZyK B{z f;Zyh
(175)
dkB, e/; dkBHHHHHH”. ;" jZE oZ;k f;o/ s/ rzY fe ‘;kXK ;zsK dk’ nodk;
ftu feXo/ fieo BjhA fwbdk. feT[Afe fJj ‘;zs’ o{g gdkoE fGnkBe
d"o ftu g?dk j'D dh i[nZos jh BjhA eo ;fenk. wkB' fJ; soQK GkDk
tkgo frnk fe “ykD ghD B{z pKdoh vzv/ ykD B{z foZS”. iK fJT[A efj
bJhJ/ fe “ykD ghD B{z ;kX bkDk, s/ bVB woB bJh f;Zy”.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ f;ZyK B{z jh d{jok nj[dk pyfPnk j?,“;zs ns/
f;gkjh”. nro f;Zy, d' nj[fdnK ekoB gfjb'A jh T[FZu/ o[sp/ s/ fpokiwkB
j?, sK fJefjo/ gd tkb/ ftnesh nZr/ feT[A M[e/< S'N/ nc;o tZfvnK
nc;oK B[z{ ;b{N wkod/ jB tZv/ S'fNnK B{z BjhA. fJ; fBoD/ w[skpe ;kX
;zs Bkb'A f;Zy dk doik T[FZsw j?, T[j feT[A ;kXK nZr/ M[e/, ;bkwK eo/<
nkw f;Zy ihtB dks py;D tkbh, gftZso r[opkDh B{z ft;ko u[Zfenk j?.
fit/A ehws ndk eoe/ pIko ftu'A ;kohnK b'VhAdhnK t;sK fwb iKdhnK
jB, fst/A jh e[M G/NK g{ik nogD eoe/ “Xow” yqhdD dh fposh g?dk j'
rJh j?. Xow yqhfdnk BjhA ik ;edk, fJj sK ihtB Go ewkfJnk iKdk
j?. ;tZS gftZso ftekoK s'A ofjs fizdrh fiT[Dh j[zdh j?. fgSb/ bzw/
no;/ s'A g[ikoh b'e, fJjh gqukod/ nk oj/ jB, “i/ s[jkv/ s'A e'Jh gkg
r[Bkj j' frnk j?, sK e[M u'Dt/A wzsoK dk ikg eoe/, s/ e[M g[ikoh (;kX
;zs e'Jh Gh j't/) nZr/ G/Nk nogD eoB s'A, s[jkv/ r[Bkj pyP/ ik ;ed/
jB”. fizBh d/o sZe dkB okjhA, gkg w[nkc ehs/ ik ;eD dk ;zebg,
;wki ftu oj/rk, T[d'A sZe brksko gkg io{o j[zd/ ofjDr/. nkw s"o s/
t/yD ftu nkfJnk j? fe ;kXK d/ u/b/ u/bhnK, pj[s eoe/ nwho gqtkoK
ftu'A j[zd/ B/. nwhoh fet/A nkJh< p/pjk g?;k fet/A ewkfJnk fesB/
wk;{wK dk y{B Bu'fVnK, e'Jh ;kX BjhA g[ZS/rk. T[;/ gkg dh yZNh ftu'A
G/Nk b? e/ “eko'pko” tXD dhnK nodk;K, n;h;K fdZshnK iKdhnK jB.
T[;/ d' Bzpo dh ewkJh ftu'A G/NK uVktk gqkgs eoe/ ;zs ih “;[Zy PKsh”
tkbh fizdrh pshs eo oj/ jB. irs skoe pkpk ih sK, GkJh bkb' ih
dh o[Zyh ;[Zyh o'Nh Se ;ed/ jB. wbe Gkr' B{z b'eK d/ tZv/ fJZem ;kjt/,
roithA nktkI ftu nky ;ed/ jB^ “s/o/ fJjBK wkjb g{fVnK ftu,
(176)
SZsh gqeko d/ ;'jD/ gdkoEK ftu w?B{z fJjBK rohpK dk y{B gqsZy fgnk
fd;dk j?. i[bw okjhA wkfJnk fJZeso eoe/, T[; ftu'A e[M fjZ;k ;kXK
B[{z y[nk e/, gkg w[nkc BjhA j' ikD/. fJoPkd j?^
je[ gokfJnk BkBek T[;[ ;{no T[;[ rkfJ..
r[o[ gho[ jkwk sK Go/ ik w[odko[ Bk ykfJ..
rbh fG;fs B ikJhn? S[N? ;u[ ewkfJ..
wkoD gkfj jokw wfj j'fJ jbkb[ B ikfJ.. (141)
BkBe rbh e{VhJh e{V' gb? gkfJ..
;fsr[o{ ih c[owkB eo oj/ jB, j/ wB[Zy (goEkJ/ wbe Gkr')
gokfJnk jZe fjzd{ bJh rT{ d/ wk; s[b j?, w[;bwkB bJh ;{o d/ wk;
tKr (tofis) j?. r[o{ gho Xkowe nkr{ sK s[jkvh ;jkfJsk eoBr/ i/
foPts nkfd (w[odko) dk fsnkr eo'r/. e/tb rZbh pkshA ;tor ftu
BjhA ikfJnk ik ;edk, ;ukJh d/ wkor s/ N[oBk nsh io{oh j?. gokJ/
wkb B{z i' jokw j?, w;kb/ gk e/ fsnko eoB s/ T[j nkgDk jZe (jbkb)
BjhA pD iKdk. go ni d/ pj[s/ ;zs (ftofbnK B[{z SZv e/) y[d jh jokw
dh ewkJh s/ BjhA gb oj/< o'Ih o'Nh bJh e'Jh feos eod/ jB< d{finK
dh ewkJh s/ gbD tkb/, i/ okiBhse b'e pV/ xNhnk jB, ;oekoh
fvT{Nh T[go bZr/ nc;o$ w[bkIw nro foPts y'oh ekoB ewhD/ jB,
sK eh Xow dk u'bk gfjB e/, Xow n;EkB ftu p?m e/, Xow rqzE ftu'A
e[M Ppd$ wzso gVQ e/, G'b/ PoXkb{nK B{z GowK ftu gk e/ y{B ghD tkb/
ny"sh Xowh b'e fet/A uzr/ j'J/<
“Ikjogho irs r[o pkpk” ih B/ f;Zyh dh goy e;tZNh jh fJj
oZyh ;h, “Bkw igDk, Xow dh feos eoBh, tzv e/ SeDk. Bkw dk
wsbp j? r[o{ j[ewK w[skpe fIzdrh j'Dh. jZe jbkb dh feos ewkJh
eoBh, s/ T[; ftu'A b'VtzdK Bkb tzv e/ SeDk. T[gqzs frq;sh j'Dk, fJZe
nekb g[oy B{z wzBDk, e[b wBZ[ysk B{z fJZe' fijk fgnko eoBk, r[o{ s/
Go';k oyDk. pj[frDsh ;kX bkDk, frq;sh ihtB s'A Gr"Vk j' uZ[fenk j?.
gqtko dhnK fizw/tkohnK fBGkT[D s'A n;woE j?. uzrk ykDk, uzrk gfjBDk,
(177)
;ohoe ezw e'Jh eoBk BjhA, fco ekw Pesh f;o B[{z uV/rh. ikfJI
sohe/ ekw fsqgsh Bk j't/, sK BikfJI Yzr tos/ ikDr/. ;z;ko dk e'Jh
gqkDh fJ; s/ ekp{ BjhA gk ;fenk. fJ; goEkJ/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ nBw'b
puB jB ^
isB eo? fpzd[ fet? B ojkJh.. wB{nk v'b? Boe/ gkJh..
iwg[o pkX' bj? ;ikJh.. 906
fpzd[ B okyfj ish ejktfj.. wkJh wKrs sq? b' Gktfj.. 903
fJ;/ bJh pj[s/ “pkb pqjwukoh” ;zsK d/ v/fonK s'A B"itkB “phphnK”
d/ M[owN ;dk t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. nB/e gqeko d/ “todkB” d/ e/ pkpk ih
PoXkb{nK B{z sko oj/ j[zd/ jB. i/ edh nekb g[oy fJjBK ;kXK d/ nky/
bre/, rbsh eo p?m/, ;GBK B{z g[Zso jh d/D bZr gt/, iok ;'u'. f;q;Nh
dk ;zs[bB ftrV BjhA ikt/rk< T[jBK g[ZsoK dk ftnkj ehjd/ Bkb eo'r/<
fJ; soQK ;wki ftu ftGuko BjhA g;o ikt/rk< nkgD/ fdb B{z j";bk
fdU` pj[s ;ys ns/ eo{o ;Zu ;[BD bJh fsnko j't'`` ;fsr[o{ BkBe
;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko:'r g{oB r[of;Zy tZvh G?D, p/p/ BkBe ih dh “e[Zy
joh” BjhA j'Jh. T[jBK dh r'd Xh g[Zso s'A ;ZyDh ofj rJh. T[j y[d
T[sw ihtB tkb/ ;B, irs skoe, oZph B{o, pkpk BkBe T[jBK dk wK
ikfJnk ;ek tho. fco nkgD/ xo g[Zso gqkgsh tk;s/, T[jBK ;fsr[o{ ih
nZr/ g[eko feT[A Bk ehsh< ;fsr[o{ ih p/p/ BkBeh tk;s/, X[o dorkj'A
g[Zso feT[A Bk b? e/ nkJ/< g[ZsoK dh fJZSk eoB tkfbU` eh s[;hA ;wMd/
j' fe e'Jh ftnesh gqw/Po dh fJZSk B[{z pdb d/D dh ;woZEk oZydk j?<
fco jVQ, jB/ohnK, G{ukb, wjKwkohnK, izr :[ZX nkfde ;kXK ;zsK B{z
p/Bsh eoe/ feT[A BjhA o[etk bJ/ iKd/< t?;/ sK b'eh Pow d/ wko/
pj[shnK fPekfJsK doi jh BjhA eokT[Ad/, fizBhnK e[ (10%) doi
j[zdhnK jB T[jBK ekoB d/; ftub/ pj[s ;ko/ ;kX ;zsK fto[ZX w[eZdw/ ub
oj/ jB, eJh ;ko/ i/b dhnK ;bkyK fgS/ pzd nZvhnK orV oj/ jB.
fJ;kJh gkdohnK (gqukoeK) B{z ftnkj eokT[D dh nkfrnk BjhA j?.
tk;BK ftu nzB/ j' e/ i' i' e[eow T[jBK “pkb pqjwukoh” gkdohnK B/
(178)
ehs/, T[jBK B{z gVQ ;[De/ ;[zB j' ikJhdk j?. j'o sK j'o T[jBK S'Nh T[wo
d/ pZu/ pZuhnK Bkb th d[PNeow ehs/. pj[s ;ko/ gkdohnK fto[ZX
ndkbsK ftu w[edw/ uZb/, ;iktk j'JhnK. fgSb/ fdBhA fJ;kJh Xow d/
w[yh (g'g) B/ ;z;ko e'b'A fJjBK gkg eowK bJh w[nkch wzrh j?.
frnkBh fdZs f;zx ih fJZe pV/ ftdtkB g[oy j'J/ ;B. T[j fJZe EK
fbyd/ jB^“w?A ;GBK B{z vze/ eh u'N r?b (g[nkXh p'bh) dZ;Dk ukj[zdk jK
fe ;kv/ xo e/ Bidhe fJZe e[Zsh, jo S/ wjhB/ wro'A gzi S/ pZfunK B{z
iBw d/ fdnk eodh j?. w?A nkw t/fynk j? fe jo S/ wjhB/ pkd ;{ohnK
d; d; pZfunK B{z iBw fdnk eodhnK jB. e[eVhnK jo o'i nKv/ d/Jh
iKdhnK jB. go edh t/fynk j? e'Jh e[Zsh, ;{oh, e[ZeVh, fe;/ ;kX e/
v/o/ g[Zso (pZuk) gqkgs eoB rJh j't/< edh fe;/ B/ Xkrk sths jE"bk
eokfJnk j't/< e[dos e/ fB:wK nB[;ko pZu/ B/ iBw b?Dk j?. go fJj
w/ohnK G?DK p/NhnK fesBhnK Bk ;wM jB, fe v/o/dkoK e/ nZr/ fgZS/
BZudhnK fco ojhnK B/. feZE/ rJh fJjBK eh neb< i/ e'Jh ewi'oh j?
sK vkeNoh fJbki eo'. fJj ;kX e"D j[zd/ j? wz[v/ d/D tkb/< fJjBK e/ sK
nkgD/ e'Jh pZuk BjhA j?. r[o{ d/ f;Zy nytkD tkfbU. i/ r[o{ BkBe d/
uoBK ftu ehsh nodk; gqtkB BjhA j'Jh, i/ d;K gkfsPkjhnK dh i',
g?Ash wjKg[oyK dh gftZso pkDh s'A w[okd g{oh BjhA j'Jh, i/ nekb g[oy
B/ s[jkvh M'bh BjhA Goh, fco d[BhnK ftu'A s[jkB{z fes/ Gh y?o BjhA
gt/rh. fJj v/o/dko r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp Bkb'A nekb g[oy Bkb'A, r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp ih Bkb'A tZv/ BjhA jB. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ftueko e'Jh ftu'bk Gh BjhA
ofjD fdZsk, ;kB{z f;ZX/ tkfjr[o{ uoBK Bkb i'fVnk j?. r[otke jB^
;fsr[o[ dksk okwBkw ek, j'o dksk e'Jh Bkjh..
ihn dkB[ d/fj fsqgsk;/, ;u? Bkfw ;wkjh.. (1258)
nkT[ Iok fJZe j'o B[es/ s/ ftuko eohJ/` p/nzs gktB gzeshnK
ns/ Ppd w"i{d jB, fiBQK ftu fJ; soQK d/ Gkt fby/ j'J/ jBl w/o/ T[go
feogk eo', ;zsK d/ uoBK s/ w/ok f;o fNfenk j't/ B/soK Bkb ;zsK d/
doPB eoK, ;oho s/ ;zsK dh uoB X{V g?Adh j?. j/ gqG{ ih` w/o/ (gzitA/
(179)
BkBe) s[;hA dks/ j', ;zsK dh ;zrs ;dek w/ok T[Xko eo fdT[. r[otke
fJT[A jB^
n?;h feogk w'fj eoj[.. ;zsj uoB jwko' wkEk B?B do; sB X{fo goj[..
BkBe e/ gqG s[w jh dks/ ;zs ;zfr b/ w'fj T[Xoj[.. (828)
Iok ;fsr[o{ ih dh wjkB ;yPhns, goT[geko, frnkB, e[opkBh
tZb fBrkj wko'. T[jBK d/ w[ekpb/ s/ bZyK eo'VK dhnK GhVK Gh BjAhA yb'
;edhnK. r[o{ fgnko tkbk f;Zy, ;" ;" tko ;fsr[o{ nZr/ ;h; M[ekT[[Adk
j?. go jT[w? jzeko ns/ w{oysk dh f;yo t/y'. T[go tofDs gzeshnK
d/ nro nZyoh noE eohJ/ sK ;fsr[o{ ih Bkb x'o nfBnkfJ j't/rk.
s/ ny"sh ‘;zs’ ;fsr[o{ ih B{z nkgD/ g?ohA g?D bJh nky fojk j't/rk.
nfijk gkgh wB[Zy ‘;zs’ sK fes/ fojk, f;Zy Gh BjhA j?. ;r'A r[o{ d'yh j?,
nkgD/ nkg B{z r[o{ Bkb'A tZvk f;ZX eo fojk j?. osk wk;k Gh nfijk
ftnesh ;fseko dk jedko BjhA j?. j'o t/y' ^
jw ;zsB eh o/B[ fgnko/, jw ;zsB eh ;oDk..
;zs jwkoh UN ;skDh ;zs jwkok rfjDk..HHHHHHHH
;zsB f;T[ w/oh b/tk d/th, ;zsB f;T[ fpT[jkok..
;zsB f;T[ jw bkjk ykfNnk jfo Grfs Go/ Gzvkok.. (614)
eh ;fsr[o{ ih ;kX ;zsK dh PoD ftu ofjDk ukj[zd/ jB< ni'e/
;kX fJsB/ T[FZu/ jB fe ;fsr[o{ ih B{z s[ZS ikBD tork, pZio gkg eoe/,
BoeK d/ Gkrhdko pD oj/ jB< gVQ' tke^
;cb w{ofs go;T[ ;zsB eh fJj? fXnkBk XoBk..
GfJU feogkb[ mke[o[ BkBe eT[ gfoU ;kX eh ;oBk.. (531)
fJjBK T[gobhnK gzeshnK ftu ‘;kX ;zs’ Ppd ;fsr[o{ tk;s/ nkfJnk
j?, fe;/ n?o/ r?o/ ;kX tk;s/ BjhA. nkU nZr/ r[o{ ns/ ;kX{ Ppd fJZe'
Ekt/A ‘r[o{’ tk;s/ tos/ t/yhJ/^
! gkopqjw ip GJ/ feqgkb.. sp G/N/ r[o ;kX dfJnkb..(863)
! Gkr[ j'nk r[fo ;zs[ fwbkfJnk.. gqG nfpBk;h xo wfj gkfJnk.. (97)
! fBor[D[ okfy bhnk ;zsB ek ;dek..
(180)
;fsr[fo Ykfe bhnk w'fj gkgh gVdk.. (1117)
! ;zs X{fV gkJhn? tvGkrh.. BkBe r[o G/Ns jfo f;T[ fbt bkrh..(194)
! ‘r[o ek puB ;dk nfpBk;h.. r[o e? puB eNh iw ck;h..
i' ‘r[fo’ dhnk ;' wB e? ekw.. ‘;zs’ ek ehnk ;s efo wkB..(177)
! ‘;kX{ eh wB UN rj[ T[efs f;nkBg fsnkr[..
r[o dhfynk fij wfB p;? BkBe w;sfe Gkr[.. (260)
! “r[o{ ;kX{” nzfwqs, frnkB ;fo BkfJD[..
;fG febfty gkg rJ/ rktkfJD[.. (1134)
! ;pfd B Ghi? ;kesk d[owfs nktB ikB[..
“;kX{ ;fsr[o{” i/ fwb?, sK gkJhn? r[Dh fBXkB[.. (21)
T[go tofDs ;ko/ gowkDK ftu ;kX{ ns/ ;fsr[o{, fJZe' Ekt/A fJZe'
noE ftu nkJ/ jB. Gkt r[o{ jh ;kX{ j?, p; Ppdktbh dk jh nzso j?.
f;Zy gzE B{z i' nekb g[oy pko/ ;'Mh pyf;; ehsh sK ;fsr[o{ B/,
;dhtekb tk;s/ nrtkJh dk ;'wk, P[ZX o{g ftu r[opkDh dh pyfPP
ehsh sK ;fsr[o{ B/, d[y^;[y ftu, nwB s/ izr ftu, Bkw f;woB s/
;/tk ftu, fizdrh d/ jo gfjb{ s/ ihtB fiT[ e/ ftykfJnk sK ;fsr[o{ B/.
pV/ d[y dh pks j? fe nZiebQ eZu/ ihtB tkb/, eZuh ftZfdnk tkb/, eZu/
fgZb/ fdwkr tkb/, eZu/ fgb fgb eodhnK r'rVK tkb/, ;zsrhoh dk b/pb
fugek e/ Pqh 1008 pDe/, nihp' rohp gfjokftnK tkb/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh
wjkB gftZso ;y;hns dh pokpoh eoB dk x'o gkg eo oj/ jB.
f;sw fJj fe nkw PoXkb{, fpBK ;'u/ ;wM/, fJjBK d/ uoBh Y?j fgnk
j?. d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB tes e'Jh ;zs BjhA T[FZfrnk, fi; i[bw fto[ZX
nktkI p[bzd ehsh j't/. fw;bK d/ fGnkBe d"o ftu, ;" ;kb sZe e'Jh
;zs BjhA izw ;fenk. id'A f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ w[Zb g? u[Ze/ ;B. fPeko ehsk
ik fojk ;h, pzd pzd eZN/ ik oj/ ;B, y'gohnK T[FZso ojhnK ;B, pZfunK
d/ N[eV/ eo, rbK ftu nKdok d/ jko gfjBkJ/ ik oj/ ;B HHHHHHH sd'A e'Jh
;zs BjhA bZGdk. nwB d/ fdB gos/, f;ZyK dk p'b pkbk j'fJnk, ysok
Nb frnk sK ;kX{ ;fBnk;h fBowb/ ;qhuzdhJ/, wjzs, nkde EK EK f;o
(181)
eZYD bZr gJ/. ;zB 1901 s'A gfjbK fBozekoh, BkwXkoh (e{e/) okXk
;[nkwh sK fes/ fes/ fJfsjk; ftu'A bG iKd/ jB, go ;zs e'Jh BjhA.
thjthA ;dh d/ P[o{ j[zfdnk e[M fJZe ‘;zs’ BIo nkJ/, s'oh c[bek fJ;
Yetzi Bkb uzrk ubdk t/y e/ uko/ pzB/, ;zsrhoh d/ nZv/ v/o/, y[zpK tKr
T[ZrD/ P[o{ j' rJ/. j[D sK “;zsK d/ tr fcod/”HHHHHHHH. r[odtkfonK ftu'A
fJ; wjzsg[D/ B{z eZYD tk;s/, r[o{ eh r'be dh d[otos'A o'eD bJh,
wBwsK B{z pkjo yd/VB bJh, r[of;ZyK B/ f;o s/ eZcD pzB e/, p/nzs
e[opkBhnK ehshnK. fJjBK ;{ofwnK d/ nZr/ r'oh ;oeko sK M[e rJh,
go wjzsrhoh f;zxK dk ;kE d/Dk sK dofeBko vNe/ fto'Xh eodh ojh.
d/P dh nkIkdh dh bzwh bVkJh bVh rJh. i/jbK d/ s;hj/, IwhBK dhnK
e[oehnK, Gkoh i[owkB/, nDfrDs PjhdhnK, r[o{ to';kJ/ f;zxK d/ fjZ;/
nkJhnK. ;zsK wjzsK dk feXo/ Bkw' fBPkB BjhA bGdk. ;q'wDh r[odtkok
gqpzXe ew/Nh, r[ows d/ gouko tZb'A w[iowkBk jZd sZe, nt/;bh j'
rJh. e[M ;w/A s'A pkd Xow B{z rzdh okiBhsh B/ nkgDk d[p/b pDk fbnk
j?. f;ZyK B[{z ikrqs eoB tk;s/ e'Jh gkfJdko f;Zy nypko, o;kbk,
fbNo/uo nkfd f;Zy ;zrsK sZe Bk g[ukfJnk frnk. nfrnkBsk t; w[V
w[V T[jBK jh T[iZv bhvoK d/ fgZS/ f;Zy bZr/ oj/. fiBQK B{z f;Zy okiBhsh
tZb'A Bcos j' rJh, Xow r[bkw pfDnk, goshs j'fJnk, r[opkDh dh
;wM Bk nkJh, T[jBK ftu'A e[M okXk ;[nkwhJ/ pD rJ/. e[M fBozekoh
dopkoK dh o"De tXkT[D bZr/. (;w/s tZv/ f;Zy bhvoK d/) e[M ;kXK ;zsK
d/ v/fonK ftu PKsh dh Gkb eoB bZr/. id'A nwho tIho nc;o nkfd,
fJj v/fonK ftu pkfpnK nZr/ ;h; M[ekT[D, fco nkw f;Zy sK fJjBK
nZr/ wkB' bzwk jh g? ikt/rk. p; fco eh ;h, fJjBK v/fonK dh Ekt/A
nkbhPkB pj[wzibhnK e'mhnK T[;oBhnK P[o{ j' rJhnK. bzwhnK wfjzrhnK
ekoK x{eD bZrhnK. u/fbnK dhnK eskoK nZr/ fgS/ ;/tk ftu jkio j'D
bZrhnK. pkfpnK d/ “ftPokw frqj” ns/ “Bkw igD tkbk ;EkB” J/H;hH
dh mzve g[ukT[D bZfrnk. frohnK, pdkw, eki{, fg;sk, ;/p, nzr{o,
pkpk ih d/ ;kd/ fij/ G'iB dk nzr pD rJ/. o/Pwh u'fbnK nzdo E[Zb E[Zb
(182)
eodhnK r'rVK, tZvh nwhoh d/ doPB eotk ojhnK fdZ;D bZrhnK. j'o
Bt/A ;zs, j'o Bt/A v/o/, r[odtko/, fBZs T[;oB bZr gJ/. nkw f;Zy j'o
rohp, tfjwh, eoweKvh BPZJh s/ j'o gfssg[D/ ftu roedk ubk
frnk.
’84 d/ xb{xko/ tes pkpofenK B/ fJjBK ;soK d/ b/ye B{z d/P
Xo'jh e/; gk e/, gzdoK fdBK d/ nDwB[Zyh s;hj/ d/D s'A pkd, nX w'fJnk
eoe/ i/jb dh e'mVh ftu pzd eo fdZsk. fJ;/ soQK d/ BkikfJI e/;K
nXhB j'o Gh pj[s ;ko/ f;Zy wkJh GkJh pzd ehs/ rJ/ ;B. wjhB/ e[ sZe
f;js tZb j' rJh, nzdob/ jkbks pko/ G/s nk frnk, gfjbK tkbk e[M e[
;fjw Gh xN frnk. fwPBoh ;fgoN B/ T[Skbk ykXk, i/jb ;[gov?AN s'A
fJikis b? e/ i/jb nzdob/ S'N/ fij/ r[odtko/ ftu, eEk P[o{ eo fdZsh
rJh. w?A fJj dkjtk sK BjhA eo fojk fe w/oh ehsh rJh r[opkDh eEk
pj[s tXhnk ;h. i/jb ftu sK e?dh g[okD/ g[okD/ oZdh nypko B{z Gh ukn
Bkb gVd/ jB. Bt/A nkJ/ jtkbksh s'A iK w[bkekshnK s'A, pkjo dhnK
ypoK gZpK Gko j' e/ ;[Dd/ jB. fJE/ r[opkDh dh eEk i/jb ftu< s'pk
s'pk, w;hA ;[BDh gqkgs j'Jh ;h. jtkbksh, gZe/ e?dh, ns/ ;kv/ tkb/
“nZstkdh Gok” ;ko/ jh j[zw j[wk e/ nkT[D bZr/. jkb ftu p?mD i'rh EK
Bk ojh, pkjo dohnK ftSD brhnK. gzdoK e[ fdB fJj r[ows dk
;'jDk ozr fyfVnk. fdB/ dk; e'b wfjcb i[VB brh, ;tkb itkp,
r[opkDh P[ZX gkm eoB dhnK ebk;K, ;zrsh fBsB/w nkfd.
fsnkr dh ;kyPks w{os, g{oB pqjw frnkBh Pqh wkB HHHHHHHH ;zs
ih Gh i/jb ftu fJE/ jh pzd ;B. T[jBK d/ u/fbnK B/ ypodko ehsk l
pkpk ih` i/ fJj wBw[y pzdk fJ;/ soQK ;zrsK B{z e[okj/ gkT[Adk fojk, sK
nkgK B{z e"D Bw;ekoK eo{< pkpk ih B/ gfjbk sho dkfrnk, ;[govzN
okjhA, eEk pzd eokT[Dh ukjh. ;cbsk Bk fwbD s/, fJZe fJZe fdB tzv
e/ eEk eoB dh fJikis b? bJh. ;qhwkB ;zs HHHHHHH ih B/ fsnkr dk
ftPk u[De/, r[opkDh ftu'A gqwkD d/ e/, fJj f;ZX ehsk, “fJj wkfJnk,
ekoK e'mhnK g[Zso gsBh, nkfd ;G w'j wkfJnk j?, Sbktk j?, oph okj
(183)
ftu o'e j?”HHHHHHHH. nrb/ fdB dk; B/ gzuw r[od/t ih dk fJZe Ppd
;Bw[y oZy e/ (wKrBk wKrB[ Bhek, jfo i;[ r[o s/ wKrBk^1018) eEk
ftuko ehsh. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ xo iwhB n"bkd gsBh g?;k nkfd fsnkrD
dk e'Jh j[ew BjhA fdZsk. ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB y[d gqtkfoe fizw/tkohnK
pky{ph fBGkT[Ad/ oj/ jB. T[jBK w'j dk fsnkr ehsk ;h, fizw/tkohnK dk
fsnkr BjhA ehsk. f;ZyK B{z “fsnkrBk fsnkrB[ Bhek ekw[ eq'X[ fsnkrBk”
1018 nkfynk j?. fJj pkpk ih fJE/ i/jb ftu Gh fsnkr dh gZNh gVQk
oj/ jB, id'A fe fJZE/ ipoh ;G t;sK dk ;w/s gqtko d/ fsnkr eotk
fdZsk iKdk j?. fijBK ;/teK B{z nzdo pkjo “;zs ih” fsnkr dk T[FZsw
T[gd/P” fdqV eotk oj/ jB, nkU iok T[jBK d/ xo ftu T[vdh fijh
Mksh wko bJhJ/.
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp s/ PoXk oZyD tkb/ pj[ frDsh ;/teK e'b ;e{No
eko BjhA j?, go ;zs ih e'b tZvh eko j?. ;kJhebK s/ ;co eoB tkb/
nkgDk ;kJheb Gh fsnkr d/D s/ pkpk ih nkgDh wfjzrh eko s/ jtk
ftu T[vd/ fcoBk< nkw xoK ftu SZs tkbk gZyK iK w/i s/ oZfynk (N/pb
c?B) gZyk jh w[Peb Bkb B;hp j[zdk j?, pkpk ih d/ “sg n;EkB” iK
ft;okw frqj” fty/ J/H;hH bZr/, fPwb/ torhnK mzYhnK jtktK MZb oj/
j[zd/ jB. nkw b'eK d/ xo fJZe d' ewo/, coP s'A fpBK, r'j/ fbZg/, SZs
ftu'A fwZNh feodh, po;ks ftu nzdo SZgV pD/ j'J/, o;'Jh NkNek X[Zg
ftu wzik N/Yk eoe/, ;ikJh rJh. pkEo{w b?NohB Bkw dh uhi xo ftu'A
Y{zfvnk BjhA fwb/rh. d{i/ pzB/ pkpk ih dk nkbhPkB wfjb, eJh ewo/,
eJh r[;bykB/, vokfJzr o{w s/ j'o gsk BjhA eh eh. ;kXkoB f;Zy nkgD/
SZgoB[wk xo B{z fsnkr d/t/, iK pkpk nkgD/ wfjb B{z fsnkr/< j'o t/y'`
nkw f;Zy, ;kdh fijh dkb ;pih, uZNDh fgnki nkuko Bkb o'Nh yk e/
r[Ikok eo fojk j?. ;zs ih tk;s/ wZyD, gBho, frohnK, eki{, ;/p,
nzr{oHHHHH d[BhnK Go d/ ehwsh ykd gdkoE. nkw f;Zy nkgDk ;[Zek
fNZeV Gh fsnkr d/t/ s/ wjKg[oy ih ehwsh cb s/ w/t/ Gh Bk fsnkrD.
wjKg[oy ih d/ sB s/ PP'Gs jB nkbhPkB o/Pwh p;so, fiBQK dh
(184)
frDsh eoBh Gh ;zGt BjhA j?. nkw g/Av{ f;Zy ;kd/ fij/ e[os/ gikw/ Bkb
sB YefdnK ihtB pshs eo b?Adk j?. fsnkr e[os/ gikw/ tkbk eo/ iK
ehwsh p;soK d/ Y/oK tkbk eo/< nkw ftnesh dk n";s ;ohoe tiB,
;Zm e[ feb' j[zdk j?. eJh tkoh ezw dh p[jsks, y[oke dh ewh ekoD fJj
tiB ysoBke jd sZe xfNnk j[zdk j?. p; pzd/ s'A w;hA fJZe “eK oidk
j?”. fYZv ;[Ze e/ fgSKj ohV dh jZvh B{z ik brdk j?. tkj` tko/ tko/
ikJhJ/ oZp d/ fJB;kc s'A, fJjBK pkfpnK dhnK r'rVK fJZe e[fJzNb s'A b?
e/ v/Y d' e[fJzNb sZe dhnK c[ZbhnK t/yhnK ik ;edhnK jB. e'fPP
eoB s/ Gh ;oho ftu'A e'Jh jZvh BjhA bZG/rh, wk; s/ uoph d/ b/g uVQ/ jh
fd;Dr/. fJZe gk;/ jZvhnK dh w[Zm fJB;kB, y{B uoph BKj d/ pokpo.
fJZe gk;/ y{B uoph, tiB fJzBk fInkdk fe fe;/ tes Gh d"ok g? ;edk
j?. fsnkr fJjBK Gkoh Goew jkEh B[wk r'rVK dk j't/ fe wkw{bh ;ohoK
ftub/ jZv uzw dk< p; nkyoh rb` j[D fpBK d/oh s'A fJE/ rzB/ ghVB
tkbk t/bDk (xbkVh) rZv fbnk ikt/. ;kB{z nkw pzfdnK B{z T[; ftu ghV
$ fBu'V fbnk ikt/. ;kv/ e'b fsnkrD tk;s/ j'o e[M BjhA pfunk. j[D
;kvk y{B eZY e/, fJjBK ;ZiD mZrK B{z pkN/ Go e/ fgnk fdZsk ikt/ sKfe
fJjBK d/ fujo/ s/ j'o bkbh uV ikt/, fJjBK dh s'Ad (r'rV) j'o cZ[b
ikt/. ;kv/ pkb pZu/, gsBh, G?D s/ wK Gh fJjBK d/ jtkb/ eo d/DhnK.
j'o sK ;kv/ e'b fsnkrD bJh pfunk jh e[M BjhA HHHHHHHHHHH”. ;kX
;zrs` i/bQ nzdo p?m/ v/Y v/Y e[fJzNb dhnK r'rVK tkb/ nkg{z pD/ pqjw
frnkBhnK B[z pkjo'A ;zrsK d[ZX, cb, p;so, djhA, wZyD wDk w{jh d/
iKdhnK jB. XzB j? ;/teK dh ;aoXk` go T[j eh ikBD fe fJjBK dhnK
E[Zb E[Zb eodhnK d/jK ftu fJsBk gdkoE ;wk BjhA ;e/rk. wkb;K eoB
tkb/ d' uko u/fbnK s'A fpBK fJj gdkoE fe;/ B[z BjhA toskJ/ iKd/ ;B.
i/jb ftu e'Jh rZb b[ekfJnK BjhA b[edh. fJjBK ‘;zsK’ tZb'A tkX{ cb
d[ZX s/ djhA BkbhnK ftu o[VQdk i/jb ;[govzN ns/ j'o ;ko/ b'eK B{z
ftykfJnk frnk. ;kX nkyD ih djh Bkb e/;h fJ;BkB ehsk ;h. s/
d[X` fJj yokp j' frnk ;h. s/ cb< fJj rZb rJ/ ;B. fJjBK gkghnK
(185)
B/ ;zrsK dh G/N nkw e?dhnK sZe Bk g[ukJh. popkd eo fdZsh. tkj
;Zu/ gkfs;akj s{z n?j' fij/ ;zs pDkJ/ ;B <
fJj gqtuB p'b e/ dk; r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu'A jkbh yVQk
jh j'fJnk ;h fe PKsh ;o{g, fBwosk d/ w[iZ;w/A, fsnkr dh w{osh, g{oB
pqjw frnkBh, ;zs ih d/ B/soK ftu'A bkNK fBebhnK. p'bK B/ nrB pkD
SZv/. ;zs ih d/ gkbs{ ukNV/ w/o/ s/ N[ZN e/ g? rJ/. XZek w[Zeh rkbh rb'u
j'fJnk. w?B{z e[M e[ nfj;k; ;h fe x[;o w[;o j' ojh j? e'Jh GkDk tos
;edk j?. fJsB/ ftu i/jb d/ Bzpodko ftu g? rJ/, d' uko i/jb tkovB
nkJ/, ;kB{z tZy' tZy eo fdZsk frnk. bfjok p/rk fgzv d/ r[of;Zy GkJh
fBowb f;zx s/ wZyD f;zx B/ ns/ e[M j'o B"itkB w/oh jwkfJs s/ nk
vN/. BjhnK tkb/ s'A GkJh rfizdo gkb f;zx s/ gqwihs f;zx B/ pj[s
w[Zds ehsh. i/jb ;[govzN nk gZ[fink, ;w/s tZvh rkod d/. T[;B/ ;wMk
p[Mk e/, nZv' nZv fJwkosK ftu pzd eo fdZsk. id'A ;kvh gkbNh r[odtko/
wZEk N/eD iKdh, sK T[j fXo pzd j[zdh, id'A T[j wZEk N/eD iKd/, sK n;hA
pzd j[zd/. ofjzdk ;wK fJ;/ soQK pshs j'fJnk. fJZe j'o sho dkfrnk ;h
;zsK B/, i/jb tkfbnK e'b u[rbhnK bk e/ ns/ uzrh seVh foPts d/ e/,
w/ok d[pkok g[fb; ohwKv dk tkozN nk frnk. gzdoK e[ fdBK sZe d[pkok
;hH nkJhH J/H ;Nkc ftu s;hj/ MZb/. fJ; EK tkfjr[o{ B/ jZE d/ e/ oZy
fbnk BjhA sK “g[fb; w[ekpbk” sK tZN s/ fgnk ;h. rZb fJ; soK j'Jh
fe fi; g[fb; nc;o B/ w/o/ s/ i/jb ftu jh M{mk e/; gkfJnk ;h.
;[govzN d/ ewo/$dcso ftu jh g[ZSfrZS ehsh ;h. fco eJh tkoh ;hH
nkJhH J/H ;Nkc ftu ik e/ dZ[y fdzdk fojk ;h, e[M jh fdBK d/ nzdo,
ykVe{ :'fXnK B/ T[; gkgh B{z BoeK ftu g[uk fdZsk. fJ; s'A pkd w?B{z
fe;/ e[M BK nkfynk, ;r'A g[fb; tkb/ pj[s jh ;bhe/ Bkb rZb eoB bZr
gJ/. fJ; spdhbh dk w?B{z ekch d/o pkd gsk bZrk. tkg; i/jb ftu
gos e/ Gh w?A wfj;{; ehsk fe i/jb w[bkIwK ns/ nc;oK d/ otJhJ/
ftu Bowh ;h. fJj sK tkfjr[o{ B/ jZE d/ e/ puk fbnk, toBK ;zsK B/ sK
w/o/ s/ goT[geko eoe/ T[go G/iD dk g{ok gqpzX eo fdZsk ;h. f;ZXk
(186)
;Zuyzv dk fNeN.
fJjBK ;zs pkfpnK dh ;oeko/ dopko/ uzrh gj[zu j?, fJjBK okjhA
b'eK d/ ;oekoh r?o ;oekoh ezw ehs/ eokJ/ iKd/ jB. T[gokfbnK B{z
ezw j'D s'A pkd iK gfjbK, i' bZSwh G/ih iKdh j?, T[; ftu'A pkpk ih
ngDk “d;tzX”, gftZso eo ewbK Bkb, wjkoki d/ uoBK B{z S[jk e/ oZy
b?Ad/ jB. uzvhrVQ T[j Pfjo j? fiE/ ekB{zB dh ;ysh Bkb gkbDk jzz[dh
dZ;h iKdh j?. fJ;/ ;fjo ftu wzdo r[odtko/, v/o/, fpBk IwhB yohdD
s'A, fwb fwbk e/ pDkJ/ j'J/ jB. fco j'o t/y' ` r[o{ ;fjpkB Bkb ;pzXs
fJfsjk;e fBPkBhnK$t;sK, fJjBK fwZNh ftu fwbk fdZshnK jB. jo
r[odtkok fJZe' fe;w dk. fJZe r[odtkok t/yD s'A pkd j'o t/yD dh b'V
BjhA ofjzdh. feT[Afe ;ko/ jh fJZe' soK d/ pD/ j'J/ jB fuZNk gZEo,
wkopb, s/ p;. T[iV u[Ze/ gzikp B{z pukT[D tk;s/, fgSb/ xb{xkfonK
ftu wko fdZs/ rJ/ B"itkBK d/ gqtko, pZu/ do do dhnK m'jeoK yKd/ oj/,
d[y G'rd/ oj/, xo Ykj fdZs/ rJ/, IwhBK pzio pD rJhnK, eJh G?DK
gkrb j' rJhnK, pj[s ;ko/ f;Zy B"itkB nZi Gh BikfJi sohe/ ekb
e'mVhnK ftu pzd ehs/ j'J/ jB. edh t/fynk gfVQnk j? fe;/ pqjwfrnkBh
dh gbe fGZih j't/. fe;/ d/ eb/i/ B{z y'j gJh j't/, fe;/ B{z oksh BhAd Bk
nkT[Adh j't/. fJj sK p; Xow T[gd/P eo oj/ jB. wzso ikg eo oj/
jB, ehosB dopko iK gkmK dh bVhnK ubk oj/ jB, iK ubhj/ eZN e/
f;ZyK d/ frqj eZND dh wjkB ;/tk eo oj/ jB. pj[s o[M/t/A jB pkfpnK
B{z. gzikp ftu ;zsK d/ tZr N[o/ fcod/ jB, gzikp d[BhnK dk Bzpo fJZe
;okph ;{pk pD u[fenk j?. ;zsK d/ N'b/ fuwN/ Y'behnK b? e/ fgzv fgzv
fco oj/ jB f;ZyK d/ e/; e/tb 10% pkeh ofj rJ/. nZi f;ZyK dhnK
GhVK tvGkr f;zx d/ v/o/ s/, epoK s/, wVhnK s/, wzdoK ftu, nkw
t/yhnK ik ;edhnK jB. j? e'Jh ;zs nfijk i' frnkB yVr okjhA f;Zy
;zrsK B{z ;s wkor, r[ows rkvh okj tZb w'V e/ fbnk ;e/< p/JhwkB
f;Zy bhvoK dhnK eos{sK BzrhnK eo ;e/. gzikp d/, yk;eo f;ZyK d/
nB/e fprV/ ekoi ok; eotk ;e/<
(187)
fJj ;kXrhoh dh d[ekB pj[s ;ko/ ;kXK B/ e[M nfijh ftXh Bkb
ubkJh j? fe j[D e'Jh ;kX bZygsh BjhA fwb/rk, pj[s/ eo'Vgsh ns/ eJh
fJZe nopK gsh ;zs ;kX fwbDr/. ;zrsK s'A fsnkr eotke/, ngD/ nZr/
wkfJnk d/ nzpko eZm/ eo oj/ jB. fgZS/ fij/ fJZe pkp/ B/ (wkou 2000
ftu) pkpk dfJnk f;zx ;[o f;zx (nzfwqs;o) fpXh uzdhJ/ d/ g[Zso dk
ftnkj. ngD/ bkvb/ g[Zso dk nBzd ekoi “g{oB r[owfonkdk nB[;ko”
eofdnK rohph dkt/ ftu f;oc gzdoK eo'V o[fgnk yofunk ;h. i/
ukj[zd/ sK pkpk ih j'o Gh you eo ;ed/ ;B, go T[j r[o{ wjkoki dh
d;h ;kdrh tkbh jZd gko BjhA eoBh ukj[zd/ ;B. XzB pkpk fpXh uzdhJ/,
pVh feogk j? s[jkv/ s/ bSwh d/th dh. e[M fJZe ;zs ih ngD/ Bkb jh
rZvh ftu dohnK ukdoK, s/ c[Zb jko nkfd Bkb jh b? e/ iKd/ jB. ;zrsK
e'b g[Zi e/ u/b/ ;G e[M ;wMk fdzd/ jB. MNgN, rZvhnK ftu'A eY e/
ukdoK ftSk fdshnK iKdhnK jB, fco pkpk ih nr/ edw oyd/ jB.
Bkb b? e/ nKd/ c[ZbK dh toyk Gh pkpk ih s/ j'D bZr iKdh j?. i?eko/
r{zid/ jB Bkjo/ brd/ jB, ;kok ekoi “g{oB G? GktBh ftu, r[owfonkdk
w[skpe” f;o/ uVkfJnk iKdk j?. nkT[ iok r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih s'A gkyzvh
;zsK pko/ g[ZShJ/^
ofjU ;zs jT[ N'fb ;kX pj[ s/o/ fvm/..
;zfBnk;h sg;hnj w[yj[ J/ gzfvs fwm//..
po;[ J/e[ jT[ fcfoT[ feB? Bj[ gouk bk:T[..
ejfsnj ejsh ;[Dh ojs e' y[;h B nk:T[.. (1396)
noE pV/ ;gPN jB fe bzw/ no;/ s'A n;hA wB[Zysk d/ jwdod,
goT[gekoh ;{ow/ ;zs dh Gkb ftu ;K. pV/ v/o/dko, soK soK dhnK wZsK
s/ wfonkdktK tkb/, nB/e goeko d/ G/yK tkb/ ;zs n;ha goy e/ t/y/.
p; fJZe' rZb jo EK T[xV e/ ;kjwD/ nkJh fe ipkBh ebkwh ;ko/ pV/
“whnK fwZm{ ” pDd/ jB, ngDh B/eh d/ g[b pzBd/ jB. nc;'; fe nwbh
ihtB tZb'A y'yb/ ykbh BIo nkJ/. epho ih pVh eokoh u'N eod/ j'J/
cowkT[Ad/ jB^
(188)
ri ;kY/ s? s? X'shnK fsjo/ gkfJfB sr..
rbh fiBQk igwkbhnK b'N/ jfE fBpr..
T[J/ jfo e/ ;zs B nkyhnfj pBkof; e/ mr..
n?;/ ;zs B w'eT[ Gktfj.. vkbk f;T[ g/vk rNektfj..(476)
;kY/ fszB fszB ri dhnK X'shnK (;[zdo p;so) Xow dk fuzB izi{
rZb gkfJnk j'fJnk, rZbK ftu ehwsh wkbk gk bJh, jZEK ftu uwed/
j'J/ b'N/ (rVtk s/ rVtJh) cV bJ/. eh fJ; soQK dk G/y XkoB eo b?D
Bkb e'Jh ;zs pD iKdk j?< T[j gkyzvh jB oZp ih d/ ;/te Xowh g[oy
BjhA jB. G'b/ b'eK B[z{ b[ZN e/ ykD tkb/ mZr jB. nfij/ X'y/pkiK B[z{ w?A
g;zd BjhA eodk. fijV/ fBs fdB b'eK dh feos ewkJh co/p okjhA b[ZN
e/ yk oj/ jB. fJj p/;po/ e/tb o[Zy Bkb'A s'V e/ cb jh BjhA yKd/, ;r'A
;p{s/ o[ZyK B[z{ fBrb oj/ jB. ;fsr[o{ nwodk; ih dk c[owkB ^
fjod? fiB e? egN j? pkjo' ;zs ejkfj..
fsq;Bk w{fb B u{eJh nzfs rJ/ gS[skfj.. (391)
T[FZgo'A Xowh j'D dk Y"Ar eoB tkb/ nzdo'A egN Bkb Go/ b'e ;zs
nytk oj/ jB. fJj fsq;Bk nrBh ftu roe j'J/ b'e, nzs B[z{ ftbed/ j'fJ
ihtB dh pkih ;z;ko s'A jko e/ ikDr/. fJZe g[oksB fbykoh GkJh e'fJo
f;zx ngDh g[;se d/ uoB 87 okjhA, tk;BK ftu v[p/ ;zsK pko/ fbyd/ jB^
frqj frqj g'Eh rzqE fbykoh. g{ik Gys GiB Bfj rqkjh.
jfo f;woB fpB ekw ftekoh. ;zs ejkt? fus go Bkjh.
fJjBK gkyzvh ;kXK B/ nkg' ngD/ v/fonK ftu r[opkDh dhnK
g'EhnK iK ;zg{oD r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp fNekJ/ j'J/ jB. r[opkDh nZr/ nkJh
G/Nk g{ik ;koh veko yKd/ jB oZp d/ Bkw Bkb fJjBK dk e'Jh ;o'eko
Bjh. fdB oks ftekoK ftu roe/ j'J/ jB fJj b'e. ngD/ nkg B{z tZv/
;zs nytk oj/ jB, gokJhnK n"osK fgZS/ bzgN j'J/ t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB.
GkJh r[odk; ih rZb B[z{ j'o ;gZPN eo oj/ jB^
;kXB d[jkfJ e? n;kX ngokX eo?,
T[bNhn? ukb ebh ekb Gqw Gkyhn? (532)
(189)
GkJh r[odk; ih ;wMk oj/ jB fe ;ko/ Yzr sohe/ gfjoktk p'b
ukb ;kXK tkbh eo b?Ad/ jB. b'eh T[go/gD B[z{ gSkD BjhA ;ed/. fco
nfijk ;kX pkDk Xkoe/, fJj n;kX (gkgh) e[eow ewKT[d/ jB. ;koh
ukb jh fJjBK dh T[bNh j' rJh j?. tkfo;Pkj pj[s gs/ dh rZb fbydk
j?, id'A oKM/ dk ;kX pDBk fpnkB eodk j?. oKMk fgzvK ftu j'ek (T[uh
nktki) fdzdk x[zw fojk j?. nkT[ tho' ` w/o/ Bkb nkT[, nkgK ceho
pDhJ/. pVk tXhnk ezw j? fJj, p; b'eK d/ xoK ftu o'NhnK wzr e/
ykDhnK, e'Jh ezw Bk eoBk, Bk jh wZMK ukoBhnK Bk T[jBK dk dZ[X u'Dk.
p; ezB gVtk e/ fgzv/ B[z{ ;[nkj wb b?Dh j?, fco ;ko/ ;z;ko dk r[o{ j'D
dk n?bkB eo d/Jhdk j?. Bk fe;/ xo y/s ftu fdjkVh eoBh, Bk y[d
e'Jh ezw eoBk, Bk o[Irko dk e'Jh fceo eoBk. jK ;kfonK s'A g{ik
eokT[Dh tZv/ BkY{ Pkj tKr nkeV ftu jzeko ftu ihtB pshs eo'. fJj
sK ezw jh pVk tXhnk j?. eftsk fJT[A j? ^
j'ek fco/ d/Adk fgzvK ftu ;ko/ nkT[ fe;/ ceho Gh j'tDk i/.
wzr yktDk ezw Bk w{b eoBk, s/ Bk e[M ukoBk Bk e[M u'tDk i/.
iok ezB gVk ;tkj wbDh, r[o{ ;koV/ irs dk j'tDk i/.
Bk fdjkVh Bk e;p o[irko eoBk,
BkY{ Pkj fco w[cs dk j'tDk i/. (tkfoP Pkj)
r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih ftu fJ; soK dhnK gzeshnK Ppd jB fiE/
;fsr[o{ ih ngD/ e/;K dk u"o eoe/, ;kX{nK ;zsK f;ZyK d/ uoB MkVB
pko/ fbyd/ jB. eh fJj :'r j? fe ;fsr[o{ ih wjkB T[FZuh gdth tkb/,
ngD/ ;/teK d/ uoB ;h; d/ e/;K Bkb ;kc eoB< eh fJ; soK ;zGt Gh
j?< itkp j't/rk BjhA.
e/; ;zfr dk; gr MkoT[ fJj? wB'oE w'o.. (500)
nrbh s[e ftu ;fsr[o{ ih nsh fBwosk dk ;p{s d/ oj/ jB, fe
w?A ngD/ e/;K dk gZyk fsnko eo btK ;zs B{z jtk MZbK. fco ;zs d/ uoB
ngD/ e/;K Bkb ;kc eoK, ;h; uoBk s/ oZyfdnK, ;zs d/ uoBK dh X{Vh
fujo/ s/ wb btK HHH. T[j fejVk wjkB ;zs j? fi; nZr/ gzuw r[od/t
(190)
;h; M[ek oj/ jB< T[j j? ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp, ns/ gqG{ gqwkswk. tke jB^
e/;k ek efo phiBk ;zs uT[o[ Y[bktT[..
;h; fBjkoT[ uoD sfb X{fo w[fy bktT[..(745)
nZr/ ;fsr[o{ ih j'o c[owkB eod/ jB j/ tkfjr[o{ w?A s/o/ ;/teK
s'A ;de/ iktK. T[jBK dh ;/tk w?A ngD/ e/;K dk uT[o pDk e/ uoB
MkVfdnK eoK. T[jBk dh uoB X{Vh wZE/ (w[fy) B{z bKtK.
w/o/ okw ` jfo iB e? jT[ pfb ikJh..
e/;K ek efo uto[ Y[bktk uoDX{fV w[fy bkJh.. (749)
j'o t/y' ^ Njb eoT[ s/o/ dk; eh grMkoT[ pkb..
w;se[ ngBk G/N d/T[ r[B ;[BT[ o;kb..(810)
j/ GkJh ` w?A gqwkswk d/ ;/teK dh ;/tk eodk ojK, fsBK d/ uoB
ngD/ e/;K Bkb ;kc eoK. w?A ngDk f;o T[jBK B{z G/Nk ftu uVk fdnK,
fco T[jBK s'A op d/ Bkw dh wfjwk ;[Dk. r[opkDh ftu fJZe' ftuko B{z
eJh eJh Yzr sohfenK Bkb fpnkB ehsk frnk j?, sK fe rZb o'ue Gh
pDh oj/, jo fJZe d/ ;wM r'uoh Gh oj/.
fJ;/ soK goT[gekoh ;\Phns oZph B{o irs skoe ;fsr[o{
;fjpkB B{z nDfrDs YzrK Bkb wkD fdZsk frnk j?. T[; ftu'A e[M
tzBrhnK r[opkDh ftu'A jkio jB ^
r[o dksk, r[o[ fjt? xo[, r[o[ dhge, fsj b'fJ.. (137)
r[o{ e[zih gkj{ fBtb[ wB[ e'mk sB[ Sfs..
BkBe r[o fpB[ wB ek ske B T[xV? nto[ B e{zih jfE.. (1237)
r[o p'fjE sko/ Gtgkfo.. r[o ;/tk iw s/ S[Nekfo.. (864)
r[o{ r'fpzd, r'fpzd[ r[o{ j?, BkBe G/d[ Bk GkJh.. (442)
r[o{ gT[Vh, p/Vh r[o{, r[o{ s[bjk, jfo BkT[..
r[o[ ;o[ ;kro[ p'fjE', r[o{ shoE[ dohnkT[.. (17)
r[o dohnkT[ ;dk ib[ fBowb[ ,fwfbnk d[owfs w?b jo?.. (1329)
r[od/t shoE[, nzfwqs[ ;'qto, r[o frnkB[ wiB[ ngozgok.. (250)
r[o ;kro[ nzfwqs;o[ i' fJS/ i' cb[ gkJ/.. (1012)
(191)
j'o ft;Eko BK fdzfdnK ;w/ND dh e'fPP eo fojk jK. ;fsr[o{ ih
B{z jh ;kiB, fwZso, fgnkok, ;yk pzXg, gsh, fgsk, Gok, o[y, gkoiks,
ekwX/B, gko;, gops, ;{oi, uzdowk nkfd nB/e ftP/PDk d[nkok
tfvnkJh fdZsh rJh j?. fJ;/ soQK pj[shnK EktK s/ ;zs ;kX Ppd Gh
;fsr[o[ ih bJh jh tofsnk frnk j?. r[o{ B{z “iB” Gh nkfynk j?,
tzBrh t/y' ^
iBw woD d[jj{ wfj Bkjh “iB” goT[gekoh nkJ/.. (749)
XzB[ XzB[ XzB[ “iB[” nkfJnk.. fi;[ gq;kfd ;G[ irs[ sokfJnk..
“iB” nktB ek fJj? ;[nkT[.. “iB” e/ ;zfr fufs nkt? BkT[..
“nkg” w[es[, w[es[ eo? ;z;ko[..
BkBe fs;[ “iB” eT[ ;dk Bw;eko[.. (295)
;koh ftuko dk f;ZNk fJj fe f;Zy tk;s/, e/tb ;fsr[o{ ;fjpkB
f;o dk ski jB. fjod/ o{gh sys d/ pkdPkj jB, pkeh ;ko/ f;ZyK d/
Gok G?DK jB. ;zs ;kX e'Jh ftP/P j;sh fJ; gzE ftu ;theko BjhA
ehsh rJh. id'A ;kok gzE pqkpo j?, fco feT[ e'Jh T{uk j'D dk gkg eo/<
feT[A ngD/ GoktK G?DK s'A g?ohA jZE b[nkt/< feT[A ngDh g{ik eokt/<
gktB r[opkDh g?Ash wjKg[oyK B/ T[ukoD ehsh j?, fsBK B{z pko pko
Bw;eko j?. T[j fejVk ;kX j? fi; B/ pkDh T[ukoB ehsh j?< T[j Gh
wjkB ;fsr[o{ ;kX jh j?. gktB tke jB ^
T[E? nzfwqs tzvhn? ;[yhnk jfo eoD/..
iw e? gzfE B gkJhnfj fcfo Bkjh woD/..
fi; B' nkfJnk gq/w o; fs;? jh ioD/..
“pkDh T[u ofj ;kX iB” nfwT[ ubfj MoD/..
g/fy do;B[ BkBe[ ihftnk wB nzdfo XoD/.. (320)
fJZe tyok tor (;kX ;zs tor) f;ZyK ftu g?dk j' e/ ysoBke
jZd sZe gqc{Zbs j' u[Zfenk j?. i' ;fsr[o{ dh pokpoh eoB dk gkg eow
eodk gqsZy fd; fojk j?. fJjBK B[z{ ;fsr[o{ dh jo fJZe wfonkdk,
ftZ;o u[Zeh j?, nkg' ngDh v/o/dkoh dh nbZr nbZr wfonkdk j?.
(192)
tkfjr[o{ ih eh cfsj dk G'r gk fdZsk frnk j?, r'v/ frZN/ g{iD dh fgos
;[o[ eotk fdZsh rJh j?. i/ ;zrsK B{z r[opkDh dk frnkB t;hj g?wkB/ s/
BK fdZsk frnk sK pj[s B[e;kB j' uZ[fenk j't/rk. fi; dh g{osh j'Dh Bk
w[wfeB j' ikt/rh. fezBk uzrk j't/ fJj ;ko/ gqukoe (;kX bkDk) e/tb
f;Zy pDe/ r[o{ dh pkDh ns/ fJfsjk; dk gquko eoB. nkg' ngD/ v/fonK
ftub/ gfjbK j' r[io/ pkfpnK dhnK eEk ejkDhnK, gkT[D s'A ngD/ nkg
B{z toi b?D. j? e'Jh gzE fgnko tkbk nkr{, i' fJ; fGnkBe dPk sZe
ftrV/ jkbks B{z ;[XkoB tk;s/, ;koEe jzGbk wko/< ;fsr[o{ pj[Vh
eoB.
;fseko :'r r[of;Zy (;uyzvtk;h) ;qH Grs f;zx B/ fJZe pVh
;[zdo eftsk fbyh ;h, i' ;zs f;gkjh gou/ ftu Sgh ;h. T[; eftsk B{z
w[V XzBtkd ;fjs Skg e/ ;kXK ;zsK dhnK tzBrhnK, fe;wK f;Zy ;wki
;Bw[Zy oZy fojk jK ^
;zsK dhnK tzBrhnK
nkj ;zs B/ eb/oK tkb/, T[j ;zs B/ Mzv/oK tkb/
nkj ;zs B/ i"Vk tkb/, T[j ;zs B/ w'VK tkb/
fJe ;zs itdh tkb/, d{i/ ;zs xtdh tkb/
fJe ;zs B/ BkBe;ohJ/, d{i/ ;zs B/ nzp;ohJ/
fJe ;zs B/ i'r/ tkb/, n"j ;zs B/ w'r/ tkb/
fJe ;zs B/ i"jbK tkb/, d{i/ ;zs B/ X"jbK tkb/
fJe ;zs B/ p'jVK tkb/, fJe ;zs B/ M"jVK tkb/
fJe ;zs B/ d[XkXkoh, d{i/ ;zs B/ fJfSnk Xkoh
fJe ;zs B/ shoK tkb/, T[j ;zs B/ ghoK tkb/
pkrK tkb/, fJj ukj tkb/, Skj tkb/, wyDh tkb/, :wDh tkb/,
wB;{oK tkb/, j{oK tkb/, fJj pkpk pB yzv J/, n"j pkpk u"yzvh J/
fJj ;zs ;oktK tkb/, T{B/ tkb/, wBktK tkb/, u{B/ tkb/
fJe pkp/ f;nkV tkb/, d{i/ pkp/ wBtkV tkb/
fJe ;zs B/ ezpbh tkb/, d{i/ ;zs B/ ;zrbh tkb/,
(193)
izvK tkb/, MzvK tkb/, bhoK tkb/, shoK tkb/, g"Dkjkoh, d[XkXkoh,
X{DhnK tkb/, gohnK tkb/, iohnK tkb/, wzsoK tkb/, izsoK tkb/, fJe
pkp/ jE j"bk eod/, fJe pkp/ B/ MkVk eod/,
fJe pkp/ B/ w[zv/ fdzd/, bkbK tkb/, ikbK tkb/, w"shnK tkb/,
i'shnK tkb/, e;'fNnK tkb/, M'fNnK tkb/, vzv/ tkb/, czv/ tkb/, nykV/ tkb/,
p[bko/ tkb/, ekoK tkb/, o'v/ tkb/, e'v/ tkb/. fJe ;zs fBozekoh B/, n;b'
T[j BoeXkoh B/. sgVh tkb/ SgVh tkb/, okXk ;[nkwh, nzsoikwh,
ejkoK tkb/, gjkVK tkb/, joy'tkbhJ/, ;[oy'tkbhJ/, wkbk tkb/, itkbk
tkb/, fezroh tkb/, f;zroh tkb/, ekbK tkb/, SkbK tkb/, fwnkDh tkb/,
bfbnkDh tkb/, NkNK tkb/, SKNk tkb/, c{eK tkb/, Xkr/ eod/, ikr/ eod/
e'Jh ;zs feq;aB Grs j?. e'Jh ;zs okw Grs j?
e'Jh ;zs G{sB/ eY/, e'Jh ;zs gq/s B Sv/
e'Jh ;zs to ;ko/ d/t/, e'Jh gsh^G{sB/ t; eo d/t/
e'Jh ;zs fBoh c{e jh wko/, e'Jh Bkb gkm eokt/
e'Jh foXhnK f;XhnK d/t/, eJh ;kX{ B/ bkT[Ad/ N/t/
eJh ezBK ftu wzso fdzd/, ezBK wbk e[oZo eo/d/A
nyo' fJe frnkB Bk nkt/, fco th g{oB ;zs ejkt/
eJh op Bz{ ezB/ cV b?Ad/, w{zj'A wzvhnK w[okdK d/Ad/
to^;okg uZeoK ftu gk e/, nfBQnK B{z o;sk BtK fdyk e/
nB/e soQK d/ Bkw igk e/, ubhj/ ;zgN gkm eok e/
izso wzso, szsoK d/ Gow ’u gk e/, f;yh B{z ob rv eotk e/,
nfBnK s'A g{ik eot e/, wo:kdk dhnK tzvhnK gk e/
M'b u[eK d/ nZv/ pDk e/, fBZih goG{sK B{z n;wkB uVk e/
op s'A f;Zyh f;de v[bk e/, nkgDh g{ik dk vzek tik e/
nKjd/ f;Zyh ofjD bJhA d/Dh, fJe Ekt/A fJj pfjD BjhA d/Dh
nB/e wsK d/ ;zs B/ ;ko/, v/o/ T[u/ fBnko/ fBnko/
op d/ Bkw s/ wzrD ;ko/, mZrh ’u c;d/ fe;ws wko/
jZE s'A ;o'A iwkT[Ad/ ;ko/, XB d/ j[zd/ tko/ fBnko/
(194)
ebi[rh ;zsK d/ d/y' eko/, nkyD f;Zyh ofjD BjhA d/Dh
i' e'Jh f;Zy fJjBK B{z N'e/, nfrT[A g?Ad/ n"y/ j' e/
;[ywBh ftu'A gVQ ;[DkT[Ad/, ‘;zs’ fBzfdnk s'A r[o{ jNkT[Ad/
p[X{nK B{z Gow ikb ’u gkT[Ad/, gkyzv tkd dh g{i eokT[Ad/
r[o{ d/ Bkw s'A ;aow Bk eod/, ‘;[ywBh’ tos e/ mZrh eod/
g[m/ noE pkDh d/ eo e/, nkyD f;yh ofjD BjhA d/Dh
;u/ o;s/ g?D BjhA d/Dh.
[[[[
(195)
fjod? egN[ w[fy frnkBhfjod? egN[ w[fy frnkBhfjod? egN[ w[fy frnkBhfjod? egN[ w[fy frnkBhfjod? egN[ w[fy frnkBh
yk; B'N r[o{ xo Bkb ;pzXs jo t;s{ w//o/ bJh yk; nfjwhns
oZydh j?. go r[o{ xoK B{z e{V gquko dk e/Ado pDB s'A o'eD bJh fe;/ Gh
jZd sZe ikD bJh fsnko jK. pj[s gfjbK fJZe S'Nh g[;se PqL wB'jo
f;zx “wkoe'” B/ fbyh ;h, “fuZmhnK fby ;fsr[o tZb gkJhnK”. fJ;
okjhA ftdtkB b/ye B/ f;ZyK ftu nkJh froktN B{z, ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp
nZr/, iIpksh oT[A ftu g/P ehsk ;h. fJ; feskp dh G{fwek ftu fJj
nZyo Gh nzfes ;B^ “fJj fuZmhnK w/ok wB goukt/ dk ;kXB BjhA jB,
w/o/ fdb dk nD tfrnk y{B j?. w/o/ dod ekoB nzdo'A T[FZm/ s{ckB d/,
rb/ ftu nNe/ jT[e/ jB`` w/o/ nzdo dk dod, nZyK d/ okjhA tfj ikDk
ukj[zdk j?, p; fJj jB w/ohnK nZyK ftub/, nDtr/ nZEo{ ``` pj[s ;wK
gfjbK, wjkB eth fJepkb B/ fbfynk ;h^ “;ko/ ijK ;/ nZSk fjzd';sK
jwkok”HHH. T[jh fJepkb fJj fbyD bJh id'A wip{o j'fJnk sK e"D
ikD/ fe T[;d/ wB s/ fezBk Gko ;h< T[;B/ y{B d/ jzM{ e/ofdnK id'A fJj
fbfynk^
“w[Zds/A r[ioh fJsBh, ozi' rw ;fjs/ j{J/.
np s'A Pow ;h nksh j?, fJ; tsB e' tsB efjs/ j{J/”.
pZ;` fJ;/ soQK w/oh wkBf;e dPk j?. nkU rZb B{z nZr/ N'ohJ/.
rZb P[o{ eo oj/ jK “nekb sys ;kfjp” s'A. gqwkswk d/ nB/e
BktK dh ebgBk ehsh rJh j?. d[Bhnk d/ Xow w[yhnK B/, nkg' nkgDh
;j{bs bJh, oZp d/ feosw Bkw ns/ ftP/Psk tkb/ Bkw oZy bJ/. Gkt
feos t/y e/ ns/ r[D t/ye/. go oZp dk T[AM e'Jh Bkw BjhA j?. f;ZyK B/
nkgDh Io{os tk;s/ tkfjr[o{, ;fsBkw ns/ nekb g[oy Bkw oZy fbnk.
(196)
oZp fBoneko j?, iBw BjhA b?Adk, edh ;oho BjhA Xkodk. fco eh T[j
“nekb sys” s/ nk e/ edh fpokiwkB j[zdk j?< eh ;koh ekfJBks dk
wkbe oZp, fJZE/ p?m e/ f;qPNh B{z ubkT[Adk j?< id'A fe fJ;/ Xosh T[FZgo
ftuoB tkb/ b'e, oZp B{z nkg' nkgD/ Xow n;EkBK ftu p?mk j'D dk
n?bkB eo oj/ jB. X[o eh pkDh sys pko/ e[ZM j'o dZ; gk ojh j?”^
nkg/ sys[ oukfJT[B[ nkek; gskbk..
j[ew/ Xosh ;kihnB ;uh XowPkbk”.. (785)
nkekP s'A b? e/ gkskb sZe T[;/ ekdo dk wjkB sys j?. fJj ;koh
Xosh T[;dh ;kih, ;Zuh XowPkbk j?. nZr/ ;fsr[o{ ih dZ; oj/ jB, T[j
sys dk wkbe pkdPkj fej' fijk j?<
okiB wfj s{z okik ejhnfj G{wB wfj G{wk..
mke[o wfj s/oh me[okJh e'wB f;fo e'wk.. (507)
j'o t/y'^ tvk s/ok dopko[ ;uk s[X[ sys[..
f;fo ;kjk gkfs;kj[ fBjub[ uT[[o[ Ss[..HHHH
;jh s/ok c[owkB[ feB? B c/ohn?..
ekoD eoD eohw e[dofs s/ohn?.. (964)
d[Bhnk ftu BktK EktK dk e'Jh nzs BjhA, fJB;kBK d/ Bkw jh
nDfrDs jB. jo e'Jh nkgD/ pZu/ dk Bkw oZyD bZfrnk, uzr/ fij/ Bkw
dh u'D eodk j?. eh uzr/ BktK tkb/ fJB;kB, r[DK eoe/ B/e g[oy pD
iKd/ jB< r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih s'A b? e/ d;w gkfsPkj sZe, T[jBK tZb'A i'
roK (Bro) t;kJ/ rJ/, T[jBK dk Bkw eoD goGktPkbh oZfynk frnk.
t?;/ T[j e[M ;w/A pkd, nkw fgzvK tor/ fgzv, nkw ;o'toK tor/ ;o'to,
nkw wB[ZyK tor/ wB[Zy pD rJ/. fw;kb bJh t/y'^ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih
B/ pVh d{o nzd/Ph Bkb eoskog[o (gkfe;skB) t;kfJnk, eh T[j eosko,
oZp dk fgzv ;h$ j?< eh gqwkswk fJZe' fgzv ftu t;dk j?< fJ; s'A pknd
r'fJzdtkb shi/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ t;kfJnk. eh ;uw[Zu T[j n;EkB r'fpzd
(oZp) dk fBtk; j?< sh;o/ gksPkj ih s'A nkfrnk gk e/, r[o{ okwdk; ih
B/ “uZe okw dk;” t;kT[Dk P[o{ ehsk. fJZE/ tkgohnK nB/e fJfsjk;e
(197)
xNBktK ekoB, fJ; ;EkB dh nfjwhns pj[s tX rJh. ;wK gk e/
fJ; dk Bkw “;[Xk;o” Gh gquZbs j'fJnk. nzs ftu nZi eZb ‘nzfwqs;o’
eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?. fJj nzfwqs;o Pfjo eh ;uw[Zu “nzfwqs dk e[zv”
j?< eh fJZE/ t;D tkb/ b'e (ekPh d/ gKfvnK tKr) p[okJhnK s'A gke jB<
fJZE/ dzr/, esb, vke/, ftGuko, foPts, rzdrh nkfde BjhA j?< fJZE'A d/
t;Bhe “nwo” j' rJ/ jB, nzfwqs;o Pfjo ftu fBtk; oZyD eoe/<
ub' nzfwqs;o ;o'to tZb nkT[Ad/ jB. eh fJ;dk ib ;uw[Zu “nzfwqs”
pD frnk j?< fJZE/ gkDh ghD tkb/ dh iK fJPBkB eoB tkb/ dh edh w"s
BjhA nkT[Adh< fJZE'A d/ ny"sh ;/tkdko, u"th xzN/ goeowk ftu jh
r[ikoB tkb/, n"r[DK s'A ofjs gke dkwB j' rJ/ jB< nzfwqs (yzv/ dh
gkj[b) SeD tkb/ ;ko/ f;Zy nwo j' rJ/, fco T[jBK B{z edh w"s BjhA
nkT[Adh< ykb;k bep d/ XkoBh, ;uw[Zu ykb;k (fwbktN s'A ofjs ns/
f;ZX/ gow/Po Bkb ;pzXs) pD rJ/ jB< nkgD/ BktK d/ Bkb f;zx Ppd
bkT[D tkb/ ;ko/ P/oK tor/ pjkdo pD rJ/ jB, fe ni/ Gh frZdV
(ekfJo) jh jB< ehosg[o t;D tkfbnK pko/ eh ftuko j?< “nBzdg[o
;kfjp” nBzd dh g[oh pD u[Zeh j?, fe ni/ pDBh pkeh j?< fJZE'A d/
t;BheK d/ ihtB ubD ftu pkeh ;z;koh b'eK Bkb'A, fezBk e[ coe j?<
fJ;/ nzfwqs;o Pfjo ftu gkDh dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB fjZs, eZ[M ;o'to
pDkJ/ rJ/ ;B. T[jBK d/ Bkw pj[s ;[zdo jB^ okw;o, ftt/e;o,
eT[b;o, ;zs'y;o. w[Zy ;q'to “nzfwqs;o” d/ feBko/, fi; EK fJZe
g[oksB ;w/A s'A p/oh dk o[Zy w"i{d j?. fJ; EK ;fsr[o[{ noiB ;kfjp
fpokiwkB j' e/, ;/tk eodhnK ;zrsK dh nrtkJh efonk ed/ ;B. fJ;
EK B{z “nm;m shoE” efjzd/ jB, s/ p/oh B{z “d[y GziBh”. j[D fJjBK
;ko/ ;q'toK d/ BktK d/ e/tb nZyoh noE eoe/ t/y'. eh fJj ;'qto s/ p/oh
nkgD/ BktK tkbh ftP/Psk oZyd/ jB< eh r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu “iE/dko ”
ih fJjBK ;q'toK s/ o[ZyK dh g{ik B{z ikfJI mfjok ;eDr/<
nkU j[D n;b w[Zd/ tZb gosd/ jKl ;ko/ g[oksB rqzEK ftu fJ;
fJwkos B{z “nekb p[zrk” eoe/ fbfynk fwbdk j?. “Pqh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
(198)
;kfjp B/ ;zws 1665 ftu Pqh nzfwqs;o jfowzdo d/ ;kjwD/, fJZe T[FZuk
oki f;zxk;B (Pkjh sys) fsnko eoe/ T[;dk BkT[A “nekb p[zrk”
oZfynk. fi; EK ;t/o/ ns/ ;zR B{z dhtkB brk e/, ;zrsK B{z fBjkb eod/
;B. nekb p[zrk gzEe iZE/pzdh dk e/Ado j?. gzE fJZE/ w[ZY s'A r[ows/
;'Xdk nkfJnk j?. fJj r[odtkok f;ZyK dk gfjbk sys j?. nBzdg[o
ftu T[j ;EkB fiZE/ p?m e/ dPw/P ih B/ B"t/A ;fsr[o{ dk ;z;eko ehsk.
gNB/ nkfd r[odtkfonK ftu Gh fJ; BkT[A d/ p[zr/ jB. (wjkB e'P gzBk
36) sys Bkw tkb/ j'o Gh eJh r[odtko/ jB, yk; eo ehosg[o ns/
dwdw/ ftu, ;fsr[o{ ih d/ p?mD dh u"AehA iK EK. (wjkB e'P gzBk 570)
;fseko Bkb fJ;dk Bkw nZi nekb sys gquZbs j?, go ;kv/ ny"sh
iE/dko nekb sys Bkw ekoB, i'o P'o Bkb fJj gqukoh ik oj/ jB fe
fJjh “nekb g[oy” dk sys j?. eh fBozeko tkfjr[o{ fJZE/ p?m e/
pqfjwzv B{z ubkT[Adk j?< ni'Bh oZp, fe; o{g ftu fJZE/ nkT[Adk j?< fejVh
p'bh p'bdk j?< T[;dh ezw eoB dh ftXh eh j?< fJZE/ p?mk ehjB/ t/fynk
j?< iE/dko ih dZ;Dr/< T[; wjkB sys d/ wkbe, tkfjr[o{ dh n;hw
Pesh pko/ r[opkDh dk gktB c[owkB j?^
vog? Xofs nkek; Bysqk f;fo T{gfo nwo[ eokok..
gT[D[ gkDh p?;zso[ vog?, vog? fJzdq[ ftukok.. (998)
ns/ ^
“gT[D T[gkfJ Xoh ;G Xosh ib nrBh ek pzX[ ehnk..
nzX[b/ djf;fo w[z{v[ eNkfJnk oktD wkfo fenk tvk GfJnk..(350)
gfjbK eJh tko Bkdo Pkj, nfjwdPkj npdkbh, ieohnk ykB,
who wzB{ s/ bygs okJ/ tZb'A fJjBK EktK dh p/j[owsh ehsh rJh. eh fJj
pd fwiki gkgh b'e, nekb g[oy Bkb'A tZX skesto ;B< fijBK oZp d/
xo dh p/j[owsh ehsh<
;zB 1984 ftu Gkosh jkewK tZb'A G/ihnK c"ih XkVK B/ fJ; gktB
n;EkB dk p/ofjwh Bkb ngwkB ehsk. N?AeK s'gK Bkb “nekb sys”
B{z Y/oh eo fdZsk frnk. fJ;dk wsbp, fe Gkosh c"i oZp (nekb) Bkb'A
(199)
tZX Pesh oZydh j?, ns/ T[;d/ oki dopko (nekb sys) B{z fwZNh ftu
fwbk ;edh j?. sd'A nekb g[oy fJsBk fBskDk j' frnk ;h fe nkgDk
“xo^f;zxk;B” Y?Ajdk ;Vdk t/y e/, d[PwD B{z ehs/ dh ;Ik Bk d/
;fenk< T[; tes dk “iE/dko’ f;zx ;kfjp” ekfJoK tKr ikB puk e/
d"V frnk. id'A d/P dh gqXkB wzsoh dopko ;kfjp dh popkdh t/yD
nkJh. fco d/P dk okPNogsh wrowZS d/ jzM{ e/oB nkfJnk. wbp/ dk
Y/o pD u[Ze/ nekb sys dk “f;zx ;kfjp” frnkBh feogkb f;zx,
jkewK nZr/ frVrVkT[Ad/ j'J/ pko pko nkyh ik fojk ;h^ “phph ih
(fJzdok rKXh) pj[s gkg j' frnk, s[jkv/ c"ihnK fJZE/ pkjo p{N BjhA
T[sko/. nzdo phVhnK f;roNK ghAd/ oj/, j[D wfonkdk S/sh pjkb
eotkT[HHHHHH”. okPNogsh ih` (i?b f;zx) fJjBK c"ihnK B/ ;q'to ftu'A
wZShnK cV e/ yk bJhnK, tZvk nBoE j' frnk. fJj nzdo Pokp Gh
ghAd/ oj/. feogk eoe/ ,j[D S/sh d/Dh wfonkdk (gkm g{ik ehosB) ukb{
eotk fdUHHHHHH. fJZE/ Ykj/ rJ/ efjo pko/ tfjPh ekfonK pko/, pZu/,
p[ZY/, phphnK s/ ehs/ rJ/ wB[ZysK s'A fro/ j'J/ ekfonK pko/ fJZe nZyo Gh
ipkB s/ Bk fbnk ;e/. fJjh ;B Bk nekb sys s/ ;[P'Gs, oZp dh rZdh
s/ fpokiwkB “f;zx ;kfjp” frnkBh feogkb f;zx ih< nZi d/ iE/dko
sK T[; s'A d' edw nZr/ fBeb/ jh gqshs j' oj/ jB.
eZ[b ekfJBks B{z ouD tkbk, gkbD tkbk, ykswk eoB tkbk, fJZe'
fJZe tkfjd bkPohe gqw/Po j?, T[;dh Pesh n;hw j?. c[owkB j?^
nkg/ ;u ehnk efo i'fV.. nzvi c'fV i'fV ftS'fV..
Xofs nkek;[ ehJ/ p?;D eT[ EkT[.. okfs fdBzs ehJ/ GT[ GkT[..(839)
j/ feogkb{ “ iE/dko” ih` oZp ih dk sys fJZe' j'fJnk eodk j?,
gzi ;Zs BjhA. s[jkv/ nkb/ d[nkb/ j'o uko sys Gh T[;/ “nekb” ih d/
jB< T[jBK sysK s/ rZdhnK wZbh p?m/ Gh T[;/ nekb g[oy d/ Ekg/ j'J/
“f;zx ;kfjp” jB< i' gkyzv toskok r[opkDh s'A T[bN fJjBK EktK s/
g;fonk j'fJnk j?, fco T[j fej' fijk gkyzvh gqwkswk j?< dZ; ;e'r/<
j[ewBkfwnK pko/ Sgh g[;se, “j[ewBkw/ nkd/P ;zd/P” ;zgkde ;qL o{g
(200)
f;zx d/ gzBk 174 j[ewBkwk BzL 103, t/dKsh ihU s[jkvk ikoh ehsk
j'fJnk j?, i' fwsh 29H03H2000 B{z Pqh nekb sys ;kfjp tZb'A “gzE
gqtkfDs gzi f;zx ;kfjpkB ” tZb'A ikoh ehsk frnk T[; dh fbys fJ;
soQK j?L^ (1) ibdh s'A ibdh r[ows ;'u tkb/ wkfjoK dh ew/Nh pDk e/,
sys ;kfjpkB d/ iE/dko ns/ w[Zy rqzEh ;kfjpkB d/ ;/tk fB:w, fB:[esh
bJh :'rsktK, T[jBK dk ekoi y/so, ekoi ftXh, nfXeko ns/
fIzw/tkohnK, ;/tk w[esh nkfd d/ fB:w pDkJ/ ikD. HHHHHHHHH Pqh nekb
sys ;kfjp s'A j[ewBkwk ikoh eoB dh ftXh, ftXkB ;[fBPfus ehsk
ikt/. (2) r[od[nkok n?eN B{z pfDnK g"Dh ;dh j' u[Zeh j?, gzEe b'VK
tk;s/ fJ; ftu ;'X ehsh ikt/. (3) r[od[nkok gqpzX B{z f;nk;s dh
e[Nbsk d/ gqGkt s'A gke oZyD B{z :ehBh pDkfJnk ikt/.” HHHHHHH
gsk BjhA fe; fe;w dh n;hw skes dk wkbe j? nekb g[oy
T[; dh rZdh s/ fGqPN oki;h b'eK tZb'A fpmkfJnk iE/dko. T[go tofDs
“j[ewBkwk” ikoh j'J/ B{z gzi ;kb j' u[Ze/ jB, oZp dk j[ew (f;zx ;kfjp
i' oZp ih dh rZdh s/ ;[GkfJwkB jB) nkgD/ jh xo d/ w?Apo, ;q'wDh
ew/Nh, j?Zv rqzEh, frnkBh g{oB f;zx nkfd wzBD s'A g{oh soQK Bkpo jB.
gzikp'A pkjob/, d't/A sysK d/ iE/dko, nekb sys tZb'A ;dk jh pkrh
jB. ;q'wDh ew/Nh s'A iZE/dko g[ZS fojk j? fe w/o/ nfXeko, ftZfdne
:'rsk bkT[D jNkT[D dk sohek, j[ewBkwk ikoh eoB dk Yzr, ftdtkBK
dh ;bkj Bkb fsnko ehsk ikt/. ;q'wDh ew/Nh d/ nfXekoh ns/ Xow s/
ekpi j' u[Ze/ fGqPN b'e fgSb/ gzi ;kb s'A fJ; j[ew B{z wzBD s'A fJBekoh
jB. “iE/dko” dh fJZis feZE/ ofj rJh< nekb sys tZb'A 1945 ftu
ikoh ehsk j[ewBkwk (f;Zy ofjs wfonkdk) nDfrDs v/o/dko wzBD s'A
fJBekoh jB, y[d dopko ;kfjp ftu ns/ T[;dhnK gqeowk ftu fJj
“j[ewBkwk” BjhA wzfBnk ik fojk. fco fejV/ sys s/ fejV/ iE/dko dh
v"Avh fgZNh ik ojh j?< j[D sK nekb sys ns/ ;q'wDh ew/Nh, ;w/s
dopko ;kfjp nkfd r[odtkfonK d/, e[ZM oki;h b'eK dh ieV ftu j?
fit/A ukj[D tos b?D. T[gobk fposKs pj[s jh d[yh wB Bkb fbfynk
(201)
j?. gzEe dod oZyD tkb/ r[of;Zy', gktB Xow n;EkBK dh d[otos'A
o'e'. ftdtkBK B{z ;BwkB d/Dk P[o{ eo', S/eD d/ j[ewBkw/ tkg; bU.
nkwhB
! fjod? egN[ w[fy frnkBh.. M{m/ ejk fpb'tf; gkBh.. (656)
Xosh T[gfo e'N rV e/sh rJh tikfJ..
! i' n;wkfB wktBh fsB Bfe BEK gkfJ.. (595)
nZieZbQ sK fJj nekbg[oy dh rZdh s/ ;[GkfJwkB wjK;aesh;akbh
“f;zx ;kfjp” f;Zy e"w B[z nkgD/ ekfonK Bkb ngwkBs eotk oj/ jB.
d/; ftd/P ftu fGq;aN sohfenK Bkb p/nzs g?;k fJeZmk eo uZ[e/ jB.
fJj ;w[u/ gzE d/ ;KM/ B[wkfJzd/ Bk j' e/ fJZe XV/ d/, iK fJZe ftnesh d/
, tckdko jB. gzE dh uV dh ebk eoB tk;s/ Bk fJjBK e'b ftZfdnk
s/ frnkB j? BK ;woZEk s/ ;kXB jB. fJ; goEkJ/ GkJh r[odk; ih pVh
;z[do ;/X pyP oj/ jB ^
pkpkD/ xfo ukb j? r[ow[fy rkvh rj[ fBpkjh..
fJZe d'jh Ne;kb fJZe, e[spk sys[ ;uk dorkjh..
r[ow[fy ;[y cb[ dkfd fJbkjh.. gT[Vh^26^31
[[[[
(202)
r[of;yK eh jfo X{fV d/jr[of;yK eh jfo X{fV d/jr[of;yK eh jfo X{fV d/jr[of;yK eh jfo X{fV d/jr[of;yK eh jfo X{fV d/jHHHH
irs efbnkD fjs, ;fsr[o{ ;fjpkB ih B/ gktB pkDh dh ouBk
eftsk d/ nB/e ozrK, tzBrhnK okjhA ehsh j?. eftsk ftu ebgDk
T[vkohnK, iIpksh tbtb/, nbzeko, T[dkjoDK nkfd dh tkose Bkb'A
tX/o/ y[ZbQ j'fJnk eodh j?. i' ekft T[vkohnK eftsk ftu j[zdhnK jB,
T[jBK d/ e/tb nyohA noE BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/. eftsk ftu nkyhnK
nfs eEBhnK ƒ Gh, ;BwkB dh fBrkj Bkb d/yD dh otkfJs j?.
gkfsPkj ih B/ p/P[wko sohe/ tose/, r[opkDh ƒ o"ue Gh pDkfJnk j?,
:kd eoB:'r Gh, ns/ f;Zfynk dkfJe Gh. n;hA nkw wB[Zy, fBZs fdB
nkgDh p'bukb ftu, nbzekoK, T[dkjoDK dh y[ZbQh tos'A eod/ jK. GkJh
ekjB f;zx ih BkGk wjkB e'P d/ gzBk 86 s/, nbzekoK pko/ fJ; soQK
fbyd/ jB^ “;zfrnk^rfjDk, i/to, G{yD (nbzeko fwfb E?bh j'Jh j?
XBkL wL õ) Ppd ns/ noE d/ toBD eoB dh T[j ohs, i' ekt: dh
P'Gk tXkt/. nbzeko nBzs jB, go w[Zy d' jB^Ppd nbzeko, i' PpdK
ƒ G{fPs eoB, i?;/ fe nB[gqk; nkfd. noE nbzeko, i' noEK ƒ ;'Gk
d/D, i?;/ fe T[gwk o{ge nkfd. i/ Ppd ns/ noE nbzeko d't/A fJZe'
EKt/A gkJ/ ikD, sd T[G:kbzeko ;zfr:k j[zdh j?. GkJh ekjB f;zx ih fJ;/
rqzE d/ gzBk 10 s/ fbyd/ jB^ “T[dkjoD^ ;zfr:k^fdqPNks, fw;kb,
Biho”.
nkT[ j[D r[opkDh ftu'A fdqPNKs t/yhJ/` eh f;ZX/ sohe/ nZyohA
noE eoe/, fe;/ ;koEe Bshi/ s/ g[Zfink ik ;e/rk < xZN wkBf;e gZXo
tkfbnK ƒ sK ;kXkoD fijh eftsk Gh ;wM BjhA nkT[Adh, r[opkDh torh
v{zxh ftuko fet/A wB GKv/ ftu gt/rh <
(203)
“;fsr[o{ nkr? ;h;[ G/N d/T[, i/ ;fsr[o{ ;ku/ Gkt?.
nkg/ dfJnk eoj[ gqG[ dks/ BkBe nzfe ;wkt?]” (1114)
T[go'es Ppd ftu, ;h; G/N uVQkT[D dk j[ew j?, go f;Zy
nytkD tkfbnK ngDk ;h; eZNe/ r[o{ nZr/ G/N ehsk< fJE/ noE j't/rk,
nkgDk nkgk r[o{ j[ewK w[skpe ubkT[Dk. nZr/ j'o t/y'^
w?A ekwfD w/ok ezs[ eosko[] i/jk eokJ/ s/jk eoh ;hrko[] (1128)
fJ; gzesh ftu ;fsr[o{ nkgD/ nkg ƒ n"os j'Dk fby oj/ jB.
s/ nky oj/ jB, w?A n"os, (gsBh) gqw/;o gsh ƒ ohMkT[D tk;s/, T[; d/
wB GkT[Adk ;hArko eo ojh jK. go ;fsr[o{ ih sK g[oy ;B, n"os
BjhA. efjD s'A w[okd fe n;zyK nfij/ gowkD r[opkDh ftu'A gqkgs j'
iKd/ jB. nkT[ j[D “uoBX{Vh” pko/ ftuko eohJ/. uoB X{Vh fBwosk
gqrN eoB dk e/tb fJZe Yzr j?. nyohA noEK Bkb rbs noE j'Dr/.
“uoBX{Vh iK ;kX eh X{V” dk p/Etk gquko nkg{z pD/ ;zsK B/ ehsk j?.
f;ZX/ iK nf;ZX/ Yzr sohe/ ftu, T[j nkgD/ nkg ƒ f;Zy ;zrsK Bkb'A T{u/,
s/ bZrGr ;fsr[o{ ih d/ pqkpo j'D dk e[eow eo oj/ jB. T[jBK B/
;zrsK ƒ frnkB BjhA d/Dk, feT[Afe fJj t;s{ (frnkB) T[jBK e'b j? jh
BjhA. jK nkgDh g{ik fB;zr eotkT[Dh j?, s/ f;ZyK dk (i'eK tKr) y{B Gh
ghDk j?. nro fe;/ “r?ph Pesh” Bkb, f;Zy frnkBtkB j' rJ/, sK ;kXK
;zsK dk ckshnk (nzsw fefonk) ntZP gfVQnk ikt/rk.
;ohoe fJPBkB dk, ;ckJh dk, r[opkDh ftu nB/e tko fIeo
rk]” '/ ngBk, wB sB gJ[ “efo fJ;BkBfwbdk j?.
(611) b/feB gkDh gh b?D Bkb, (;w/s uoB X{Vh tkbk gkDh) iK ;oho
dk fJ;BkB eo b?D Bkb, wB s'A ftekoK dh w?b okJh wkso BjhA T[so
;e/rh. Bk jh r[opkDh dk T[sw frnkB w?bk gkDh gh b?D Bkb gqkgs
j't/rk. ;fsr[o{ ih sK c[owkB eo oj/ jB^
wfB i{m?, sfB i{fm j?, fijtk i{mh j'fJ]
w[fy M{m?, M{m p'bDk, feT[A eo ;{uk j'fJ]
fpB[ nG ;pd B wKihn?, ;ku/ s/ ;u[ j'fJ] (55)
[qG f;wfo g no
(204)
ftekoK ekoB wB i{mk j?, sB i{mk j?, ihG Gh i{mh j?. feT[Afe
ihG Bkb, w{zj Bkb M{m i' p'fbnk frnk j?. r[o{ d/ frnkB o{gh (Ppd)
ib Bkb, wB sB ;kc gftZso j't/rk. ;fsr[o{ ih fBwosk d/ ;'w/,
goT[geko dk w[iZ;wk ;B. T[jBK nkgD/ nkg ƒ pj[s EkJh BhtK,
fBwkDk, gkgh, w{oy, Bhu s/ ehN se fbfynk j?. eh ;fsr[o{ ih nfij/
;B < ih BjhA` T[j wjkB ;B, frnkB dk ;kro ;B, nekP rzrk d/ ;{oi
;B. go nkgD/ nkg ƒ ;zrsK d/ ;/te eoe/ ikDd/ ;B. gktB gzesh d/
doPB eo' ^
w?A pXh ;u Xow;kb j?] r[of;yK b?jdk Gkb e?]
g?o X'tK gyk c/odk, fs; fBt fBt brK gkfJ ihT[] (73)
r[of;Zy ;fsr[o{ ih d/ g;hB/ tkbh EKt/A, nkgDk y{B v'jbD bJh
fsnko ofjzd/ ;B$jB. fJj ftuko ;[gB/ ftu Gh BjhA fbnk ;ed/, fe
;fsr[o{ ih ;kv/ (f;ZyK d/) uoBh bZrD T[jBK s'A ;/tk eotkT[D. ;fsr[o{
ih B/ d; ikw/ XkoB eoe/, wB[Zysk dh pj[s ;/tk ehsh, PkBdko ehoshwkB
;Ekgs ehs/. T[sw ihtB dk ;z;koh b'eK nZr/, wkvb g/P ehsk.
wB[Zysk dk gftZso r[opkDh ;dk, w"i{dk ;w/A ftu (ns/ Gfty) fJj okj
o[PBkT[Adh oj/rh. r[opkDh dk frnkB, fizw/tko ;z;EktK tZb'A, ftXh
g{ote tzfvnk BjhA frnk. fJ;/ bJh nkw wkJh GkJh, iB ;w{zj
“uoBX{Vh, uoB gkj[b, e[zG nzfwqs, ;q'to ib, u[pZu/ dk w?bk gkDh
gh e/, “iBw ;cbk” eoB dk e{Vk Gow gkb oj/ jB. fJ; dk wsbp
fe r[opkDh ihtB ;/X BjhA d/ ojh, g?o X'fsnK tkbk w?bk gkDh uzrk
brdk j?. ekoB ;kc j? fe nZi se, dopko ;kfjp d/ ;q'to ƒ “nzfwqs”
eoe/ goukfonk frnk j?. ny"sh jfo eh g"Vh s/ cZNh fby e/ bkJh t/yh
ik ;edh j?. fi; s/ fJj nZyo fby/ jB^ “nzfwqs dk u{bQk fgZS/ jN
e/ bt' ih”. r[opkDh dk fJbkjh c[owkB e[M j'o j?, bT[ ;[D'^
“fiB tfvnkJh s/o/ Bkw eh s/ os/ wB wkfj]
BkBe “nzfwqs[ J/e[ j? d{ik nzfwqs Bkfj”] (1238)
i/eo n;hA ;fsr[o{ ih d/ f;Zy jK, sK s/ c?;bk r[opkDh dk nNZb
(205)
j?, i/eo ftneshnK iE/pzdhnK dh f;Zyh j?, sK r[opkDh fgSKj XZe fdZsh
ikt/rh. j'o n;EkBK dh rZb Bk Gh eohJ/, dopko ;kfjp dhnK gqeowK
ftZu jh, fJZe o[Zy (p/oh) d[Zy d{o eoB dh :'rsk gqkgs eoh p?mk j?.
“d[y GziBh” p/oh j?< fe gktB r[opkDh < fco gqeowK ftu nfijk
feT[A < w[Zy ;q'to ftu'A fJPBkB eoe/ “e'jVh dk o'r jfNnk”, goukfonk
ik fojk j?. eh ;Zuw[Zu fJ; soQK j'fJnk j? < eh r[opkDh gVQB eoe/,
;o'to dk gkDh Pesh tkbk pD frnk j?< go nc;';` T[E'A d/
;/tkdkoK$w[bkiwK ftu fBwosk fwmk; B/V/ s/V/ Gh BjhA. i/ fJPBkB
eoe/ ;oho dk e'jV jN ;edk j?, sK Gkos Go ftu'A ;ko/ e'jVhnK dk
fJPBkB fJE/ BjhA eokT[Dk ukjhdk< Grs g{oB f;zx dk fgzrbtkVk
fgSb/ 60 ;kb s'A nzfwqs;o ftu dopko ;kfjp ;q'to d/ B/V/ ;fEs j?.
T[E'A d/ e'jVh s/ fgzrb/ feT[A szdo[;s BjhA j[zd/< r[opkDh e[M j'o T[gd/P
eo ojh j?^ pr[bk ekr Bhu eh ;zrfs, ikfJ e[ozr fpy{ w[fy bkJhn?.
BkBe w/fb w/fb gqG ;zrfs fwb ;zrfs jz;[ eokJhn?] (881)
;fsr[o[ ih B/, pr[bk eK ns/ jz; fposh dk fIeo ehsk j?. go
nZyoh noE eoB tkfbnK “ftdtkBK pqjw frnkBhnK” B/, ektK s'A jz;
pDk e/ T[vk fdZs/. j[D sK jkbs fJE'A se fBZxo u[eh j?, e[M r[odtkfonk
ftu gbk;fNe dhnK E?bhnK ftu gk e/, PoXktkB ;/teK ƒ “uoBX{Vh
dk gq;kfd” toskfJnk ik fojk j?. ;kXK dk i{mk gkDh, i{m/ N[eV/,
gq;kd ;wMe/ ykX/ ghs/ ik oj/ jB. e[M ny"sh ;kX sK pj[s nZr/ fBeb
u[Ze/ jB. nkgDh i{m ;zrs tkb/ ;KM/ bzro ftu fwbk fdzd/ jB. fJPBkB
ehsk w?bk gkDh, eSfjok X'fJnk gkDh, ;/teK ƒ nzfwqs tKr fgbkfJnk
ik fojk j?. iE/dko, rqzEh, ;eZso ns/ j'o bhvo b'e, nkgD/ ;/te f;ZyK
s'A uoBhA$r'vhA jZE brtkT[Ad/ nkw t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. dopko ;kfjp
ftubk pj[sk bkDk ;kXK d/ v/fonK, Ne;kbK ftu'A fJ;/ soQK dh “gVQkJh”
(<) eoe/ nkT[Adk j?. v/fonK tkbh wfonkdk v/fonK tkbk gquko jh
dopko ;kfjp ftu j[zdk j?. fJE'A “f;zx ;kfjp” id'A pkjo dhnK ;N/iK
s/ “Xow gquko” tk;s/ iKd/ jB, fJjBK d/ “ftdtsk Gog{o gqtuB” p;
(206)
;[Dd/ jh ofj ikJhdk j?. fi; nekbh db dk gqXkB, jtB eokt/,
w[eN brkt/, rb ftu wksk dhnK u[zBhnK g[nkt/, ns/ tv/ fJeZmK
ftu “tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k okw ih eh cs/,” nky e/, fcoe{ fjzd{
bhvoK dk nPhotkd b?Dk ukj/, T[; gzE dk e"D okyk < fi; r[odtkok
ew/Nh dk gqXkB ;skJh ;kb se okiBhsh d/ fuZeV ftu rb se
Xf;nk j't/, jikoK bZyK tkoh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu, pVh
p/j:kJh Bkb M{m p'b/, T[; e"w dk oZp okyk. fi; gftso Xow
n;EkB d/ ;/te nDgVQ$nXgVQ j'D, oki;h b'eK dhnK emg[sbhnK pD
ikD, XVkXV wB woIh d/ “j[ewBkw/” ikoh eod/ ofjD f;ZyK ƒ nekb
g[oy d/ g[Zso XhnK nkyD dh Ekt/A, “bte[P” dh nT[bkd rodkBD,
T[j d{bk gzE v[Zfpnk jh ;wM'. “uoBX{Vh” tkbk w;bk sK wkw{bh fijk
j?, pj[s tZv/ w;b/ niro tKr ykb;k gzE ƒ fBrb oj/ jB, go f;ZyK
d/ w[Zyh “u?B dh pz;oh tik oj/ jB.” “uoBX{Vh” Bkb ;pzXs r[opkDh
c[owkD jkio jB, nkU ;zy/g noE ftuko eohJ/ ^
1H XDh ftj{Dh gkN gNzpo Gkjh ;/sh ikb/]
X{Vh ftu b[vzdVh ;'jK BkBe s? ;fj Bkb/] (1424)
2H r[ow[fy ;yh ;j/bh w/oh, w'eT[ d/tT[ dkB[ jfo gqkB ihtkfJnk..
jw j'tj Bkb/ r'b/ r[of;yK e/, fiBk nBfdB jfo gqG[ g[oy[ fXnkfJnk.. (473)
3H ;fsr[o ;zs[ fwb? ;Kfs gkJhn? febfty d[y ekN/ ;fG d{fo]
nm;fm shoE wiB[ ehnk ;s;zrfs gr BkJ/ X{fo] (1198)
4H ;zs o/B[ fBfs wiB[ eo?] iBw iBw e/ febfpy jo?] (1300)
5H “;zs uoB XoT[A wkE?” uKdBk frqfj j'fJ nzX/o?.. (1301)
6H ;zs X{fo gkJhn? tvGkrh]
BkBe r[o G/Ns jfo f;T[ fbt bkrh] (194)
7H iB gkopqjw ikeh fBowb wfjwk,
iB (r[o{) e/ uoB shoE e'fN rzrk]
iB eh X{fo ehU wiB[ BkBe iBw iBw e/ jo/ ebzrk] (828)
8H w'eT[ Xkfo feqgk irihtB dks/, jfo ;zs grh b/ gkt?]
(207)
jT[ ekNT[ ekfN pkfY f;o okyT[ fis[ BkBe ;zs[ ufV nkt?] (881)
9H ;zs uoD eo ;h;[ Xfo jfo Bkw[ fXnktT[]
;zs iBk eh o/D[ek b? wkE? bktT[] (812)
10H uoB ;kX e/ X'fJ X'fJ ghT[] nog ;kX eT[ ngBk ihT[]
;kX eh X{fo eoj[ fJ;BkB] ;kX T[gfo ikJhn? e[opkB] (;[ywBh)
11H nzso ikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/..
BkBe dk; fJj? ;[y wKr? w'eT[ efo “;zsB eh X{o?”. (;'fjbk)
12H n?;h feogk w'fj eoj[..
“;zsj uoB” jwko' wkEk B?B do; “sB X{fo goj[..” (828)
13H X{fo ;zsB eh w;sfe bkfJ]
iBw iBw eh d[owfs wb[ ikfJ] (897)
14H r[o ek Bkw ifgU fdB[ oksh r[o e/ uoB wfB Xkfonk]
r[o eh X{fo eoT[ fBs wiB[ febfty w?b[ T[skfonk] (1218)
15H “r[o ;kX{ nzfwqs, frnkB ;fo” BkfJD]
;fG feb fty gkg rJ/ rktkfJD] (1134)
16H ;'Jh e[uhb[ e[dofs Bjh ikB?]
bhfgn? EkfJ B ;[fu jfo wkB?]
nzso[ w?bk pkjo[ fBs X't?] ;kuh dorj ngBh gfs y't?] (1151)
17H ;/ iB ;u/ fBowb/, fiB ;fsr[o Bkfb fgnko[..
;fsr[o{ ek GkDk ewKtd/, fpy[ jT[w? sfi fteko (65)
18H fiT[ ;kp[fB ekgo T{ib j's] Bkw igs ;G[ Gow[ GT[ y's] (914)
19H ;fsr[o j? nzfwqs;o ;kuk, “wB[ Bkt? w?b[ u[ektfDnk..” (113)
20H T[xfo rfJnk i?;k y'Nk Yp{nk, Bdfo ;okck nkfJnk]
nzso ikwh ;G[ feS[ ikB? T[; s/ ejk SgkfJnk] (381)
21H r[of;yh GkDk wzfBnk r[o[ g{ok gko bzxkfJ]
r[of;yK eh jfo X{fV d/fj jw gkgh Gh rfs gkfj]
X[fo w;sfe jfo gqG fbfynk r[o Bkbe fwfbnk nkfJ] (1424)
n;b we;d ;h ;fsr[o{ ih d/ gktB T[gd/P B{z, sB wB eoe/
(208)
gotkB eoBk, T[; w[skpe ihtB pDkT[Dk. ftekoK dk w[ezwb fsnkr
eoBk ;h. j' fojk j? fJj fe pkjoh Xkowe gfjoktk, eoweKv, ;[Zu
fGZN, shoE :ksok, nyzv gkm ehosB (ftykt/ wkso), wkbk wzso, ikg
nkfd. ;fsr[o{ ih sK pyfPP eo oj/ jB^
r[o eh f;y e' ftobk b/t?] BkBe fi;[ nkfg tfvnkJh d/t?] (509)
wB eh wfs fsnkrj[ jfo iB, J/jk pks em?Bh]
nBfdB[ jfo jfo Bkw fXnktj[ r[o ;fsr[o eh wfs b?Bh]
(800)
;fsr[o{ ih fJZe f;XKse Ppd okjhA, e[Zb wB[Zysk dh fvT{Nh tzv
eo oj/ jB. fiE/ fes/ e'Jh fJB;kB ezw s/ jkio j't/, T[j gqwkswk ƒ
“;d ;[Ddk ;d t/ydk” ikDe/, nkgDh ;/tk f;de fdbh, fJwkBdkoh
Bkb fBGkt/. fe;kB, d[ekBdko, B"eoh g/;k, Xow T[gd/;e, iZi ns/
d/; dk jkew pkdPkj, ;ko/ jh id'A nkgD/ fizw/ bZrh fvT{Nh oZp ƒ jkIo
BkIo ikDe/ eoBr/ sK fJj ;koh Xosh jh “ Xosh Xow;kb” pD
ikt/rh. uoBX{Vh Bkb sK nZi se e[M BjhA ;ztfonk s/ nZr'A Gh BjhA
;"o/rk.
BkBe u[bhnK ;[uhnK, i/ Gfo ikD? e'fJ]
;[os/ u[bh frnkB eh i'rh ek is[ j'fJ]
pqkjwD u[bh ;zs'y eh, frojh ek ;s[ dkB]
oki/ u[bh fBnkt eh gfVnk ;u[ fXnkB[]
gkDh fus[ B X'gJh, w[fy ghs? fsy ikfJ]
gkDh fgsk irs ek fcfo gkDh ;G[ ykfJ] (1240)
fiBK nzdfo Bkw fBXkB[ j?, r[opkDh thukfo]
fsB e/ w[y ;d T[ib/ fss[ ;u? dopkfo] (1422)
wB w/o/` r[o eh wzfB b? oikfJ]
wB[ sB[ ;hsb[ ;G[ Ehn? Bkfw t;? wfB nkfJ] (37)
uoB X{Vh b?Dh iK u[pZu/ dk w?bk gkDh ghDk, nfrnkBsk dk
;{ue j?. yzv/ eh gj[b gqkgs wkJh GkJh ns/ j'o f;nkD/ wB[Zy, fe;/ dk
(209)
i{mk e[M BjhA yKd/ ghAd/. fco uoB X{Vh iK d[Bhnk Go dh w?b, rzdrh
fuZeV feT[A w{zj ftu gkJhJ/ < w?bk gkDh ghD Bkb fBwosk BjhA nkT[Dh.
fIzdrh dk ukBD, nrtkJh dk ;'wk, d;K gkfsPkjhnK dh i's, i[r' i[r
nNZb, Ppd r[o{, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih jB. jo w;b/ pko/ fJjBK s'A
nrtkJh gqkgs eoBh j?. jo wkJh GkJh f;Zy nytkT[D tkbk, r[opkDh
dk noEK ;w/s gkm Io{o eo/. ;ko/ ;[nkbK d/ i[nkp fwb ikDr/. ;ko/
soQK d/ Pze/, s/ Gow Bk; j' ikDr/. Gkt noEK ftu nky/ rJ/ puB ;wM
nk ikDr/. fco gsk br ikt/rk uoB X{fV feBK noEK ftu nkfJnk j?.
[[[[
(210)
feogkB-rkso/ tkbh <feogkB-rkso/ tkbh <feogkB-rkso/ tkbh <feogkB-rkso/ tkbh <feogkB-rkso/ tkbh <
jkbks dh Bikes ƒ t/yfdnK, ns/ ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/
eoKshekoh ftukoK ƒ gVQfdnK fJfsjk; ftu T[jBK tZb'A ehs/ rJ/ :[Zr
gbNkT[ ekoiK ƒ nzso nksw/ wfj;{; eoe/, pd' pdh ;kfjp ih d/
uoBK ftu ;h; M[e iKdk j?. j/ oZph B{o fBoG? :'X/ s[;hA wjkB j', s[jkvk
;kBh e'Jh BjhA j' ;edk. ;fsr[o{ ih dh P\;hns ƒ ;wMD tkb/
fJfsjk;eko, fJj rb ftPtk; Bkb fby oj/ jB, fe r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp
nkgD/ gk; ;t? oZfynk bJh feogkB ntZP oyd/ ;B. frnkBh frnkB
f;zx B/ gzE gqekP rqzE ftu fIeo ehsk j? fe nk;kw d/ fJZe r[odtko/
ftu, r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp tZb'A pyfPP ehsk :kdrkoh jfEnko, poSk
;zGkb e/ oZfynk j'fJnk j?. fJ; r[od[tko/ dk Bkw Gh ‘poSk ;kfjp’
fNe frnk j?. r[o{ xo d/ ;fseko/ f;Zy GkJh pbtzv ih B/ ;fsr[o{ nzrd
;kfjp ih ƒ, r[orZdh gqkgs j'D dh xNBk dk ;z[do puBK d[nkok toBD
ehsk j?. fJj gktB p'b r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ gzBk 966 s/ ;[GkfJwkB
jB. fi; ftu GkJh ih fbyd/ jB fe r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/,nkgDh
r[orZdh ;"AgD bfrnK, r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ih ƒ PeshPkbh feogkB Gh
nogD ehsh. puB fJT[A jB F
“wfs r[o nksw d/t dh yVfr i'fj goke[fJ ihn d?]”
Gkt/A eJh ;ko/ NhekekoK B/ fJ; gzesh ftu feogk o{gh feogkB,
yVr d/ noE ehs/ jB. go feogk o{gh dh Ekt/A f;X/ jh feogkB noE
eo bJhJ/ sK r[opkDh d/ fe;/ fBnw dh T[bzxDk BjhA j[zdh. fJ; s'A pkd
tkbk fJfsjk; ;kvh, rZb dh I'odko g[PNh eodk j?.
T[j ;wK nfijk ;h fe jfEnkopzd j'Dk wIp{oh pD frnk ;h.
fiE/ iotkD/ wBZ[yK s'A nkgDh oZfynk Io{oh ;h, T[E/ nDfrDs y{zyko
(211)
ikBto Gh B[e;kB g[uk ;ed/ ;B. ;' fJ; ftuko ƒ ;theko eoBk jh
gt/rk, fe gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ftnesh, “yVrXkoh” ;B. Iok ;'u' ` gfjb/
gzi ;fsr[o{ e'Jh jfEnko i/ BjhA oyd/ ;h, sK nuBu/sh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih ƒ fJj eh ;[ZMh, fe fJZe feogkB BjhA, ;r'A d' XkoB eo
bJhnK < ;ko/ f;ZyK ƒ jfEnkopzd j'D dk nkd/P ;[Dk fdZsk. j'o Gh ;ko/
soQK d/ jfEnko ;fsr[o{ ih B/ izr ftu tos/, i' gqkgs j' ;ed/ ;B.
T[jBK s'A pkd Gkt/A f;ZXh izr je{ws Bkb BjhA j'Jh, go r[o{ ;kfjpkB, iK
f;Zy gzE B/ nkgD/ jfEnkoK dk fsnkr BjhA ehsk ;h. d;w gksPkj ih
B/ jo soQK d/ goubs jfEnko nkgD/ ekoykfBnK (febk b'jrVQ
fty/ nBzdg[o) ftu fsnko eotkJ/. y[d tos/ f;ZyK ƒ tosD dh f;Zfynk
s/ j[ew fdZsk. ;fsr[o{ ih dh bkitkp nrtkJh ftu, f;ZyK B/ id'A w"ek
nkfJnk, Xow d'yhnK d/ uzr/ nkj{ bkj/. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ f;yK ƒ j[ew d/
fdZsk fe “PPso dk ft;kj BjhA eoBk.” xZN' xZN feogkB jo tes
“nzr ;zr” oZyDh. Ppd “nzr ;zr” ƒ r"o Bkb gVQ ftukoBk. fe;/
g[oksB rqzE g'Eh ftu “rkso/” tkbh feogkB fbfynk BjhA fwb/rk. nzr
;zr dk wsbp j? nkgD/ e'b oZyDh. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ns/ ;kok
fw;bK dk fGnkBe ;wK, nkgDhnK nZyK nZr/ fbnkU. T[; ;" ;kb d/
fbysh fJfsjk; ftu, fe;/ fJZe EK Gh, gkmeK ƒ “rkso/ tkbh feogkB”
dk fIeo BjhA fwb/rk.
wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ ;w/A pj[s ;ko/ otkfJsh jfEnko tos/
rJ/. f;zxK B/ ekp[b sZe ik i?eko/ rikJ/. brGr gzikj ;kb d/ oDihs
f;zx ekb ftu, rkso/ tkbh feogkB d/ doPB BjhA j' ;eDr/. ;zB 1849
dh wBj{; xVh nkD Y[Zeh, “Pkj w[jzwdk fJZe ;oeko pkM'A c"iK fiZs e/
nzs ƒ jkohnK B/.” bkj"o B/V/ fJZe tZv/ w?dkB ftu, r'ok c"i i/s{ j'D dh
;{os ftu s'gK phV e/ pko{d Go e/, fsnko j' yb'sh. jkohnK j'JhnK
f;Zy c"iK ƒ, nzrq/i ewKvo d/ nZr/ nk e/, nkgD/ PPso iwhB s/ oZyD/
g? oj/ ;h. fJZe nXyV T[wo dk f;Zy c"ih nZr/ tfXnk, nkgDh gqkDk s'A
fgnkoh feogkB ƒ uz[fwnk, ;fseko ;fjs wZE/ ƒ S[jkfJnk s/ feogkB
(212)
IwhB s/ oZyfdnK jh ftnke[b j' e/ i'odko Xkn wkoh. Bkb jh T[FZuh
ftbQedh nktkI ftu nkfynk ^“UJ/ oDihs f;nK, ;Zuw[Zu s{z nZi wo
frnk j?.” s/ fJ; d/ B/soK ftu'A esb j'J/ nowkBk dh Xkok tfj s[oh.
fJ; wro'A GkJh wjkoki f;zx B/ Gkt/A jfEnkopzd prkts eoB
dk tZvk isB ehsk, go T[j ;cb Bk j' ;fenk. T[;d/ ;kEhnK ƒ ;ys
;iktK fdshnK rJhnK s/ GkJh ;kfjp ƒ f;zxkg[o e?d eo fdZsk frnk,
fiZE/ T[j gqkD fsnkr rJ/. fJ; s'A pkd f;ZyK B/ feogkB dh tos'A fisBh
e[ ehsh, T[j d{finK dk oki tXkT[D iK gZek eoB bJh ;h, nkgDh y[d
w[yfsnkoh bJh BjhA ;h. BkwXkoh (e{e/) nzrq/Ih efjo s'A fJzB/ ezp rJ/
fe T[jBK ;c/d p;so (nwB dk gqshe) gfjB bJ/. feogkB e/tb i{V/
ftu b[e'D i'rh ofj rJh. tkfjr[o{ igD dh ftXh “dzd MghN e/” nkyD
bJh P[o{ ehsh rJh. d{i/ gk;/ f;yK w'ou/ pV/ bkJ/, wkoK pVhnK ykXhnK,
go IkbwK ƒ edh ofjw Bk nkfJnk. f;Zy feogkB gqkgsh bJh sVgd/
oj/, fBskD/ j'D eoe/ e'Jh g/P Bk rJh. eJh w'ou/ bZr/, fJZe E'VQ fuok
w?rIhB Gh fBefbnk, fi;dk Bkw jh “feogkB pjkdo” ;h. ;zB 1914
ftu ji{o ;kfjp, r[o{ xo d/ ;/tkdkoK tZb'A, f;Zy ntkw bJh c[owkB
eZfYnk frnk fe, “jo f;Zy wkJh GkJh xZN' xZN fJZe c[ZN bzpkJh tkbh
feogkB Io{o oZy/.” nzfwqs;o tkb/ fJ; tes ykw'P oj/. id'A nes{po
1925 ƒ r[odtkok ekƒB gk; ehsk frnk j?, sd'A gfjbh tko f;Zy tk;s/
“rkso/ tkbh feogkB” gfjBD dh Pos bk fdZsh rJh. i/ e'Jh f;Zy
feogkB rkso/ s'A pkjo oZy/rk sK BikfJi jfEnko oZyD$tosD d/ i[ow
tkbk ekƒB tose/ frqcsko ehsk ik ;e/rk.
;zB 1945 ftu id'A f;Zy ofjs wfonkdk ƒ nzsw gqtkBrh fdZsh
rJh sk T[; ftu Gh ;gPN fby fdZsk frnk fe “f;Zy rkso/ tkbh
feogkB oZy/”, go bzpkJh dh e'Jh jZd fBPfus BjhA. j[D r"o eoBk fe
tZvh feogkB rkso/ gkJh BjhA ik ;edh, s/ S'Nh feogkB fe;/ ezw nk
BjhA ;edh. Bk nkgDh oZfynk Bk fe;/ d{i/ dh oZfynk. f;Zy fJzB/ vo
rJ/ je{ws dhnK o'I o'I dhnK ;yshnK s'A, fe nkw iB ;w{zj, wkJh
(213)
GkJh nkyD bZr fgnk^ “feogkB fwnkB ftu'A pkjo BjhA eZYDh, i/ eZY
bJhJ/ sK y{B wzrdh j?. i/ d[PwD dk Bjh sK nkgDk jh y{B bk e/ fJ;
ƒ tkg; fwnkB ftu gkT[.” fJZe j'o rZb Gh ;[DhAdh j? ^“fwnkB ftu'A
feogkB eZYD Bkb pVk Gkoh gkg brdk j?.”
fJjBK gqubs ftukoK dh n;bhns iK fgS'eV fJj j?, fe f;Zy
;w/A dhnK je{wsK s'A brksko wko yKd/, s;hj/ Mbd/, e?dK eZNd/ XZe rJ/
jzG rJ/. w{oy bhvoK ekoB gqkgsh e'Jh BjhA ehsh, f;ZyK ƒ e[ZN pj[s
g[nk fdZsh. f;Zy w[yhnK feogkB rkso/ ftu fcZN eotk fdZsh. rkso/
ftu fszB c[ZNh feogkB oZyDh ;zGt BjhA j?, fJ; bJh S'Nh, j'o S'Nh j[zdh
rJh. r'oh ;oeko B/ s/ pkd ftu ekbh ;oeko B/, ;zftXkB ftu doi
eo fdZsk fe f;Zy “rkso/ feogkB oZy ;edk j?.” rkso/ ftu'A pkjo
n;bk n?eN dh T[bzxDk frDh ikt/rh. fwnkB s'A pkjo sK i/ feogkB
e'Jh eY/rk sK T[;s/ fJokdk esb dk w[edwk Gh pD ;edk j?. fJ;
;oekoh eo'gh s'A puD bJh, fgzvK ftu fejk ikD bZfrnk, fe fwnkB
ftu'A feogkB eZYD dk “gkg” bZrdk j?. n;b ftu “w[eZdwk pD ;edk
j?.”
id'A f;Zy (;w/s tZv/ bhvoK iE/dkoK d/) fe;/ d/;h pd/;h d{s xo
ftu ikt/ sK feogkB T[skoe/ nzdo ikD dh fJikis j?. d/;h pd/Ph
ijkiK dhnK T[vkDk ;w/A, feogkB gfjB e/ ;co eoB dh wBkjh j?.
fJ; Gkos d/P ftu ;L f;woBihs f;zx ƒ, Gkosh gkobhw?AN jkT{;
ftu, dkyb BjhA j'D fdZsk frnk, Gkt/A T[j u[D/ j'J/ w?Apo gkobhw?AN ;B.
j'o t/y' ` eJh fJZe fBjzr f;zxK dhnK iE/pzdhnK, rkso/ feogkB s/
fInkdk i'o BjhA fdzdhnK, go nkgD/ otkfJsh jfEnko fit/A GZbk,
rzvk;k, Ne{nk, e[jkVh iK nfij/ j'o jfEnko Io{o oZydhnK jB. eh
T[j rkso/ tkbh feogkB s'A nDikD jB < ih BjhA, ;r'A T[j jfEnko
“nzr ;zr” oZyD ftu :ehB oyd/ jB, rkso/ ftu BjhA.
f;ZyK d/ fe;/ iE/ tb'A id'A Gh yzv/ eh gkj[b fsnko ehsh iKdh j?,
sd'A fsnko po fsnko S/ f;zxK e'b, fszB c[ZNhnK tZvhnK feogkBK
(214)
j'DhnK Io{oh ;wMhnK iKdhnK jB,go feT[A < id'A fe gkj[b d/D tkb/
f;zxK B/ gfjb'A jh rkso/ S'NhnK feogkBK XkoB ehshnK j[zdhnK jB.
fJ; dk wsbp j? fe g[oksB s/ ;jh n;{b fJjh fszB c[ZNh feogkB tkbk
j?. id'A fes/ Bro ehosB nkfd d/ ;pzX ftu, “gzi fgnko/” nZr/ ub
oj/ j[zd/ jB, sd'A Gh tZvhnK fszB c[ZNhnK feogkBK jZD ftu cVhnK
j[zdhnK jB. eh T[j e/tb ftyktk wkso j?, fe ;jh wfonkdk jh T[j j?<
;'uDk pDdk j?. f;ZyK d/ ;ko/ bhvo$iE/dko fszB c[NhnK feogkBK feT[A
u[Zeh fcod/ jB < eh fJj e/tb ftyktk wkso sK BjhA < fes/ iE/dkoh dk
tkX{ fuzBQ sK BjhA < n;b ftu fJE'A Gh fJjh fBnw ;gPN j' fojk j?,
fe fszB c[ZN tkbh feogkB jh n;b ftu f;Zyh dk fPzrko j?, s/ T[FZsw
jfEnko j?. id'A fe;/ bhvo dk ;fseko eoB bJh rkov nkc nkBo
ehsk iKdk j? sd'A Gh fszB c[ZNh feogkB j[zdh j?. id'A fe;/ tZvh Py;hns
B{z ;fseko tk;s/ feogkB d/JhJ/ sK fszB c[ZN tkbh jh d/Jhdh j?, S'Nh
BjhA.
f;ZyK dhnK ;N/iK s/ nkw ;[DB ƒ fwbdk j?^“;kX ;zrs ih`
fit/A fjzd{ tk;s/ iB/T{ gfjBDk Io{oh j?, fJ;/ soQK f;ZyK tk;s/ feogkB
gfjBDh Io{oh j?. fit/A iB/T{ Xkowe fuzBQ j?, feogkB Gh ;kvk Xkowe
fuzBQ j?.” fXnkB fdT[ ` id'A f;Zy gqukoe f;Zy ;N/iK s/, p/ j:kJh Bkb
y[d jh e{e oj/ j'D fe feogkB PPso Bk j' e/, e/tb Xkowe fuzBQ fBPkB
j?. fco feogkB fe;/ B/ tZvh feT[A XkoB eoBh$oZyDh j? < fuzBQ sK fij'
fijk woIh j't/, fJzu d' fJzu dk. fgZsb b'j/ ;'B/ gbk;fNe dk, iK bZeVh
ekri dk Gh. f;Zy ;wki feogkBXkoh j? iK fe wB dh M{mh s;Zbh tk;s/
fuzBQXkoh j? < pj[s ;ko/ ;kX pkp/ sK fBZeh feogkB ƒ Gh ed/ d/ fsnkr
u[Ze/ jB. fBPkB (Mzvk) fsnkr fdZsk j? “oki eo/rk ykb;k”, d'fjok SZv
uZ[e/ jB, pkDh ;wM e/ gVQBh Sv u[Ze/ jBHHHH.
gzE d/ wjkB ftdtkB GkJh ekjB f;zx ih BkGk, r[ows wkoszv
d/ gzBk 582 Gkr d{ik s/, feogkB pko/ fJT[A ;/X d/ oj/ jB ^ “T[;
(g[oksB) t/b/ Bkb nZi dk w[ekpbk eoB s/ fuZs ƒ Gkoh y/d j[zdk j?.
(215)
ykb;/ dh T[j sbtko i' t?ohnK d/ c"bkdh etu eZN e/ fgqEth ƒ u[zpB
eodh ;h, nZi dh S'Nh eod dh Peb ftu gbNk yke/, ni/jh y[zYh j'Jh
j?, fe rkio w{bh eND'A Gh w{zj w'Vdh j?. n"o fi; feogkB B/ fgZm ƒ
S{jD' ;"Aj ykXh j'Jh ;h, nZi T[j feogkB fYZbV f;ZyK d/ ezx/ dh fgZm
ftu tV p?mh j?. tkjr[o{ feogk eo/, fe ykb;/ dk fgnkok tke^d/r s/r
cfsj ;G d/ wB ftu tf;nk oj/.”. fJ;/ jh gzB/ s/ c[ZN B'N ftu GkJh
;kfjp ih eftsk fbye/, feogkB dh wfjwk fpnkB eod/ jB. e[M
gzeshnK fJT[ jB^
“pho po ykb;k d[bko/ d;w/; i[e/, eVSh feogkB s/oh ubsh oj/.”
ns/
“d/r s/r ubsh oj?, bkr? Bfj izrkb.”
ykb;k gzE pj[s e[M rtk uZ[fenk j?, nZr/ Gh rtkJh ik fojk j?.
wjkB r[opkDh fjod/ ftu'A rtk bJh, e/; rtk bJ/, ezxk eVk eZS rtk
bJ/, feogkB Gh rtk bJh. gzEe J/esk ysw j' rJh, nkoEe gZy'A gSV
rJ/, ftfdnk s'A ;ZyD/ ofj rJ/. j? e'Jh gzEe w[yh nytkT[D tkbk gzE
dodh, i' fprVh ƒ ;ztko d/t/ < iKdh f;Zyh ƒ w'V fbnkt/ <
f;ZyK d/ feodko s/ feogkB pko/ frL frnkB f;zx d/ ftuko
gVQ'L^
fcZvk i?;k NN{nk n"o i[bV{ ek ekmh gkfJ,
o;Vh brkw ns/ o;V{ oekp i{.
gkfNnk ;k eSV{ s/ BhbVk ;k ukdo{ j?,
v[Y{ i?;k grV{ pDkfJ f;o ski i{.
N[Nk i?;k s/rV{ s/ bhoV{ fwnkB ik e',
rm;m rksok pDkfJnk ;G ;ki i{.
Bkw s' nekbV{ ;' fco? p[o/ jkbV{ ;',
b{N e{N yktD/ e' vkY/ T[;skd i{.
[[[[
(216)
j[ewBkfwnK pko/ sZEj[ewBkfwnK pko/ sZEj[ewBkfwnK pko/ sZEj[ewBkfwnK pko/ sZEj[ewBkfwnK pko/ sZE
r[owfs dh ;'Mh oZyD tkb/, fJfsjk; gVQB tkb/ ;[u/s gkme ikDd/
jB fe ;kv/ syasK d/ iE/dkoK dh e'Jh ftZfdne :'rsk nB[;ko nj[d/
BjhA fdZs/ iKd/. Xow y/so ftu fJBQK dh e'Jh wjZstg{oB gqkgsh Gh
BjhA j[zdh gVQ/^fby/ f;Zy B"eoh, ftT[gko iK d[ekBdkoh nkfde tZb ub/
iKd/ jB. pj[s/ foNkfJo pI[or r[od[nkok ew/NhnK s/ ekpi j' iKd/
jB. ofjzd/ p/o[iarko b'e okiBhsh ftu fe;/ th o;s/ dkyab j'D bJh
e'f;aa;a eod/ jB. ;G s'A nyhobk spek Xow n;EkBK dh ;/tk^;zGkb s/
, gkmh, rqzEh, eEk, ehosB eoe/ fBopkj eoB dh e'f;a;a eodk j?.
Paq'wDh ew/Nh ftu f;acko;ah ns/ ih ji{ohJ/ b'eK dh Gowko j?. fi; dh
tZvh f;acko;a j't/ s/ f;o/ dk ukgb{; j't/ Ujh B"eoh ftu fNfenk ofj
;edk j?, soZeh eo ;edk j?. nB/e gqeko oki;h p/JhwkBh ftu roe
j'J/ bhvo syasK d/ iE/dkoK dh fB:[esh eod/ jB. fJj ftuko/ fco
;oe; d/ ikBtoK tKr f;Zyh dh ;N/i s/ jo o'ia swk;ak eoe/ b'eK dk y{p
wB'oziB eod/ jB. p/nzs ezw r[owfs s'A T[bN j' oj/ jB, iE/dko x{e
;[Zs/ ofjDr/. go id'A e'Jh okiBhshtkB fJ;akok eo/ sK tckdkoh b?D
bJh MZN “j[ewBkw/” ikoh eoB bZr g?Ad/ jB. f;odko r[opya;a f;zx
ekbk ncrkBk s/ f;odko i'frzdo f;zx ;g'e;w?B d/ ;pzX ftu th J/jh
e[ZM j'fJnk j?. gzE ftu tkgo ojhnK wBwsK, e[ohshnK dk ;zy/g ;ko
jkiao j? L^
j/mK e[M e[ tzBrh wkso nkg ;G dh ikDekoh bJh N{eK jkiao jB
1H r[o{ ekb ;w/A fe;/ ftnesh fto[ZX ;fsr[o{ ih B/ j[ewBkwk ikoh
BjhA ehsk. fgqEh uzd, ;qh uzd, Xho wb, okw okJ/, ijKrho, ;akj
ijkB ns/ n"ozria/p fto[ZX th BjhA.
(217)
2H gfjbh tko gq'H r[ow[y f;zx B[z (1887) gzE ftu'A S/fenk, 1995
ftu tkg; fbnk.
3H GkJh s/ik f;x G;"V tkb/ B[z d;w rqzE, nodk; pko/ wsG/dK ekoB
1928 B{z S/fenk frnk.
4H i?s' w'ou/ tes (1923) r[ofdnkb f;zx f;ZyK B[z wotk geVtk
fojk ;h, B[z S/fenk frnk.
5H iks^gks fto'Xh j[eBkwk ikoh ehsk frnk 1936 ftu.
6H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk gzEe GktBk dh soiwkBh eodh j?, ;kohnK
iE/pzdhnK d/ w[yh ;akwb j'J/.
7H fJ; ftu iE/dko w'jD f;zx nekb sys, frH nZSo f;x j?Zv rqzEh
dopko ;kfjp ;akwb j'J/.
8H brgr ;ko/ v/o/dkoK fJ; wo:kdk B{z wzBD s'A fJBeko ehsk. T[BQK
v/o/dkoK B[z ;ik feT[A BjhA fdZsh rJh <
9H nekb syas d/ ;wkBKso nkg' nkgDhnK wfonkdktK pDk bJhnK.
fco th iE/dko ;[Zs/ oj/ e'Jh ekotkJh Bk ehsh feT[A <
10H 1994 ftu i'XK wB;{oK fty/ BthA f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk fsnko
eoe/ ikoh ehsh rJh. ;opi's f;zx p/dh s/ Ne;kb tkb/ w'joh
;B. e'Jh ekotkJh BjhA ehsh. go feT[A iE/dkoK u[Zg tZNh <
(T[;dh ekgh t/yh ik ;edh j?)
11H Ne;kb tkb/ nkgDhnK feskpK ftu e{V gquko eod/ jB, e'Jh
n?e;aB BjhA feT[A< ;p{s w"i{d jB.
12H thj ;kb s'A Ne;kb tkb/ b'eK B[z r[wokj eo oj/ fe pkpk ioB?b
f;zx ihts j? nkye/ feT[A <
13H e/H ghH n?Z;H frZb ns/ T[;d/ ;kEhnK B{z Ne;kb tkfbnK wfjs/
f;o'g/ fdZs/ d[ZX SekfJnk. e/HghHn?Z;H frZb i' f;ZyK dh B;be[Ph
eob tkbk g[fb; nca;o j?. nekb syas ykw';a feT[A<
14H f;ZyK dh spkjh eoB tkb/, p/nzs f;zx w[Zy wzsqh, e/HghHn?Z;H frZb,
nihs f;zx ;zX{ B[z gzE ftu'A ykoi Bk ehsk frnk feT[A<
(218)
15H GkJh r[od/t f;zx ekT[Ae/ d/ eksbK B{z pkdb B/ ;ik Bk j'D fdZsh
fog'oN dpk bJh. iE/dkoK B/ pkdb fto[ZX ekotkJh feT[A Bk ehsh <
16H i;tzs f;x ykbVk d/ e/; B[z pkdb B/ e'Jh nfjwhns Bk fdZsh
eksb pu rJ/. fJ; e/; pko/ syasK d/ iE/dkoK B[z pkdb s/ dpkU
gkT[Dk ukjhdk ;h go e[ZM Bk ehsk frnk feT[A <
17H p/d'f;ank B[z esb eoB tkb/ g[b;hnK B[z pkdb B/ pukfJnk. iZE/
dko ;[Zs/ oj/. feT[A<
18H i;fN; e[bdhg f;zx tZb'A ekfJw ghgb efw;aB pkdb B/ pzd
eotkfJnk feT[A <
19H nekb syas s/ pfDnk nekbh db s'V e/ pkdb B/ gzikph gkoNh
w'r/ pDk fdZsh feT[A< (1996)
20H 1994 ftu nekbh dbK B{z yasw eoe/ fJZe db pDkfJnk frnk, w/
b Bk j'fJnk. ;r'A GkJh wBihs f;zx iE/dko B[z p/fJZias ehsk
frnk feT[A <
21H 1999 ftu gzEe J/esk tk;s/ pkdb B/ fco j[eBkw/ dh T[bzxDk
ehsh. e'Jh n?e;aB Bk fbnk frnk feT[A <
22H pkdb dh ;oeko d/ tiahoK^u/now?BK B/ fo;ats d/ foekov s'V
fdZs/. iZE/dko x{e ;[Zs/ oj/ feT[A <
23H pbpho f;zx gzB{ ;hBhno whs gqXkB n?Z;HihHghH;hH dh rZvh ftu'A
;aokp fwbDh (:{HghH) feT[A <
24H pkdb B/ uzdok ;[nkwh s'A jtB eokJ/ fsbe brtkJ/, g?ohA fgnk,
w{oshnK g{ihnK. ekotkJh feT[A BjhA ehsh<
25H phph ;[fozdo e"o (gsBh pkdb) nkP{s';a B{owfjbhJ/ d/ g?ohA
gJh. feT[A<
26H eJh nekbh bhvo GfBnko/ tkb/ B[z wZEk N/eD rJ/. feT[A<
27H gzi ;kb d"okB gzikp dh e'Jh wzr Bk wBtkJh, ;G G[bk fdZshnK.
feT[A<
28H fGq;aNkuko d/ d';aK ftu c;e/ gzE yaso/ ftu j? dk j'ek d/ fojk j?,
(219)
iZE/dko ;gZ;aN eoB fe pkdb s/ e/; pDB Bkb gzE yaso/ ftu
fet/A j? <
29H pkdb dh 35 nop o[gJ/ dh ikfJdkd fet/A pDh < iZE/dkoK edh
BjhA g[ZfSnk. feT[A<
30H XBtzs f;zx d/ e/; ftu iE/dko t/dKsh B/ (efEs s"o s/) foPts
b? e/ T[; B[z SZv fdZsk go ndkbs tZb'A ;kX B{z pbkseko/ d/ e/;
ftu d; ;kb e?d j'Jh. d; jiako o[g? i[owkBK j'fJnk.
31H g{oB f;zx tZb'A ft;at f;Zy e"A;b dk yakswk ehsk frnk. feT[A<
32H GkJh wBihs f;zx tZb'A nZi sZe ft;at f;Zy e"A;b dk fj;kp BjhA
fdZsk frnk. feT[A<
33H nBzdg[o ;kfjp tkbk wsk nekbh db B/ feT[A SZfvnk <
g[oksB rqzEK pko/
34H g[oksB fJfsjk;e rqzEK ftu pj[s fwbktN j? ;'XD dk e'Jh T[gokbk
BjhA j?. feT[A<
35H fJ;/ ekoB frH g{oB f;zx f;ZyK B[z bte[;a dh n"bkd efj fojk j?.
T[; B[z o'fenk feT[A BjhA <
36H frH g{oB f;zx B/ BkBe;akjh e?bzvo d' ;kb bJh b/N eotk fdZsk,
fco bkr{ fet/A j'fJnk<
37H phph ikrho e"o, frH e/tb f;zx, GkJh wBihs f;zx fto[ZX g{oB
f;zx tkb/ j[ewBkw/ tkg; fet/A j' rJ/ <
38H g{oB f;zx B[z nekb syas s'A s[ozs jNk e/ dopko ;kfjp dk j?Zv
rqzEh fet/A bk fdZsk frnk <
39H frH g{oB f;zx nZi sZe iZE/dkoK dhnK whfNrK ftu ;akwb feT[A
BjhA j[zdk <
40H nekbh db s/ fJ;/ dk fJZe fjZ;k n?;HihHghH;hH nekb syas B[z
nkgD/ fBZih w[ckd bJh tos oj/ jB, feT[A<
41H n?Z;HihHghH;hH dk gqXkB iK w?Apo oki;h nj[d/ b?Ad/ jB< feT[A<
42H oki;h pzd/ Xkowe pzfdnK dh fB:[esh feT[A eod/ jB<
(220)
43H d;w rqzE pko/ fBoDk eoB bJh iZE/dko B/ n?Z;HihHghH;hH B[z j[ew
fdZsk ;h. gzi ;kb gfjbK go T[jBK e'Jh ekotkJh Bk ehsh. iZE/
dko B/ n?e;aB feT[A Bk fbnk<
44H n?Z;HihHghH;hH d/ j[ew fdZs/ ikD d/ pkti{d iZE/dkoK dh fB:[esh
poyk;srh ns/ ftZfdne :'rsk pko/ fB:w feT[A BjhA pDkJ/ <
45H n?Z;HihHghH;hH tZb'A f;Zyh d/ gquko tk;s/ gzikph, fjzdh s/ nzro/iah
nyapko feT[A BjhA eZfYnk iKdk. ;?N/bkJhN u?Bb feT[A BjhA
bkfJnk iKdk<
46H gfssg[D/ ns/ Bf;anK B{z o'eD bJh n?Z;HihHghH;hH B{z nkd/;a feT[A
BjhA fdZsk iKdk<
47H dopko ;kfjp dh wo:kdk f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk w[skpe feT[A BjhA
j? <
48H dopko ;kfjp ftu phphnK B{z ehosB ns/ ;ckJh ;/tk feT[A BjhA
eoB fdZsh iKdh<
49H iZE/dkoK bJh tZy'^tZyo/ ftf;anK d/ wkjo s/ g{ok ftGkr feT[A BjhA
j?<
50H fdZbh dhnK d[fynkohnK f;Zy phphnK Bkb iZE/dko B/ y[d p[ok
;b{e ehsk feT[A<
51H v/odkoK tZb'A Sg/ r[Ne/, g'EhnK ftu p/nzs wBws j?< gkpzdh feT[A
BjhA bkJh iKdh<
52H eZuhnK XkoBktK bk e/ v/o/dko r[opkDh dk fBokdo eo oj/ jB
feT[A<
53H d;w rqzE, r[o{ rqzE d/ pokpo gqek;a eoB tkfbnK ftoZ[X ekotkJh
feT[A BjhA ehsh < (fJj gkg eoB tkb/ dwdwh Ne;kb wfjsk,
dopko ;kfjp gNBk, s/ fdZbh dk ;kX fto;k f;zx ns/ eJh j'o
jB)
54H f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ ;'w/ b/ye ;'jD f;zx ;hsb (5 Gkr, 1981, bkj"o
p[Ze Pkg b[fXnkDk) fJ; feskp ftu r[ofbpk; gks;akjh 6 pko/
(221)
;ys fNZgDhnK eodk j?, T[; fto[ZX e'Jh ekotkJh BjhA j'Jh
feT[A<
55H 1993 ftu vkH fgnko f;zx dh fttkds g[;se^tk;s/ GkJh wBihs
f;zx iE/dko B/ ftdtkBK dh ew/Nh pDkJh ;h. go t/dKsh B/
ftdtkBK dh ew/Nh feT[A BjhA pDkJh <
56H vkH g;a"oK f;zx eB/vk fBtk;h d/ fttkds Eh;; pko/ vkH yVe
f;zx, r[os/i f;zx s/ r[odo;aB f;zx fYZb'A B[z ;Zd e/ ftuko ehsh
iZE/dko B/, go j[D feT[A BjhA fJ; soQK ehsk frnk <
57H nwoihs f;zx ro/tkb d/ fttkds b/y dh gVu'b tk;s/ :{Bhtof;Nh
d/ ftdtkBK dh ew/Nh pDkJh ;h. vkH r[oBkw e"o gzikph :[BhH vkH
do;aB f;zx gzikp :{BhH vkH pbtzs f;zx r[o{ BkBe d/t :{BhH.
fco t/dKsh B/ nfijk feT[A BjhA ehsk <
58H ;H r[opy;a f;zx ekbk ncrkBk dhnK g[;seK dh goy tk;s/
ftdtkBk dh ew/Nh pDkT[D s'A fJBeko fe; nkXko s/ ehsk frnk <
59H n?Z;HihHghH;hH B/ Bkwid ehs/ ;H r[os/i f;zx id'A 10 wJh B[z
nekb syas g[Zi/ sK iE/dkoK B/ T[jBK ns/ ;kEh ftdtkBK B{z fwbD
s'A fJBeko ehsk feT[A <
60H d; g[;seK ftu'A e/tb S/ bkJhBK fJsokI:'r bZGhnK go gkpzdh
;kohnK feskpK s/ feT[A<
61H e?B/vk fty/ thvhU ekBcoz; eoB bJh y[d jh fejk s/ y[d jh w[Zeo
rJ/ fpBK ekoB dZ;/, go feT[A<
62H r[opya;a f;zx dh f;ekfJs eoB tkfbnK d/ Bkw dh fb;N wzrh
rJh go BjhA fdZsh rJh feT[A <
63H 10^6^2003 B[z ;H r[opya;a f;zx dk g'sok fJzdopho f;zx j'o ;wK
wzrD tk;s/ frnk. iE/dko d/ ghHJ/H B/ fuZmh b? e/ iZE/dko B[z fdZsh
go iE/dko B/ e'Jh rZb Bk ;[Dh. feT[A<
64H ;H r[opya;a f;zx dk f;XKse ekoi GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk d/ b?tb
dk j?.ukjhdk sK fJj ;h fe iZE/dko T[BQk Bz{ ;BwkfBs eodk. go
(222)
f;sw Iohch t/y' f;XKseko r[of;Zy B[z fJBkw fwfbnk gzE ftu'A
ykoi. feT[A<
65H iZE/dko t/dKsh dh ;zgkds ehsh g[;se r[ofpbk; gkH6 ftu x'o
ngwkB ;fsr[o{ ih dk. s/ t/dKsh fco Gh ;[Zuk j?. feT[A<
66H ;ko/ iZE/dkoK dh ikfJdkd nro gVskbh ikt/ sK fJXo Gh pj[s
ekby Biao nkt/rh. gVskb feT[A BjhA ehsh iKdh <
67H ;H r[os/i f;zx e'b'A gq'c?;o dh gdth tkg; b?D pko/ fpnkB feT[A
< r[os/i f;zx B/ n?;k e'Jh th p[ok ezw BjhA ehsk, fco T[;
ftdtkB r[of;Zy B[z ngwkBs feT[A ehsk ik fojk j? <
68H iZE/dkoK B[z r[odtkok n?eN e'Jh nfXeko BjhA fdzdk, f;Zy ofjs
wfonkdk w[skpe fJjBK dh e'Jh skes BjhA. gktB r[opkDh fe;/
B[z frnkotK r[o{ BjhA wzBdh. ;fsr[o{ fe;/ ftnesh ft;a/;a B{z
nfij/ tZX nfXeko BjhA d/ e/ rJ/. ;opZs ykb;k tZb'A iE/dkoK
dh u'D BjhA j'Jh. fJj y[d 29H03H2000 ns/ ny"sh j[ewBkw/
ftu ;aq'wDh ew/Nh s'A g[ZS oj/ jB fe ‘;kv/ coia s/ nfXekoK pko/
fB:w pDkJ/ ikD.’ fijV/ y[d jh nDikD jB nkgD/ coiaK s/
nfXeko s'A T[j nfij/ wBwoiah d/ ny"sh j[ewBkw/ fet/A ikoh eo
;ed/ jB< ;q'wDh ew/Nh d/ sBykjdko w[bkIw, nekbh db gqXkB
d/ Gh r[bkw, ;[szso c?;b/ b?D dh I[oZns eo jh BjhA ;ed/. Bk
jh fJjBK e'b r[owfs dh T[FZsw ;{M p{M j?. gzE ;ktXkB j't/, fJj
b'e r[owfs s'A T[bN ekotkJhnK eo oj/ jB, pu'. g[okDh wjzs;akjh
gosZy c[zeko jzeko ojh j?.
! efb eksh oki/ e;kJh Xow[ gzy efo T[vfonk..
e{V[ nwkt; ;u[ uzdowk dh;? Bkjh ej ufVnk..
jT[ Gkfb fte[zBh j'Jh..nzX/o? okj[ Bk e'Jh..
ftfu jT[w? efo d[y[ o'Jh.. ej[ BkBe fefB fpfX rfs j'Jh..(145)
[[[[
(223)
j[ewBkwk - nkX[fBe gq;zr ftuj[ewBkwk - nkX[fBe gq;zr ftuj[ewBkwk - nkX[fBe gq;zr ftuj[ewBkwk - nkX[fBe gq;zr ftuj[ewBkwk - nkX[fBe gq;zr ftu
d[BhnK d/ ;wMdko nkr{nK B/ ;wki B{z ;[ykbk ihtB fpskT[D
tk;s/ b'eK d/ Gb/ fjZs, e[M uzr/ n;{b iK wfonkdktK xVhnK j[zdhnK
jB. ;ko/ b'e fJZe ikps/ ftu pZM/ ihtB pshs eoB, nkg'Xkgh BK c?b
ikt/. fit/A “ ihU s/ fiT[D fdU,” iK “ Bk vo' BK vokU” tor/ ;koEe
Bkjo/ Gh fJ;/ soK dh ;'u ftu'A T[gi/ j'J/ jB. oki eo ojhnK gkoNhnK
iK ;oekoK ekB{zB fsnko eoe/, gkobhw?AN ftu gk; eotkT[AdhnK jB.
T[gqzs fJ; ekB{zB B{z ndkbsK ns/ g[fb; Pesh d[nkok bkr{ eotkT[AdhnK
jB. e'Jh ekB{zB ;w/A dk jkDh Bk oj/, b'eK dhnK T[wzrK s/ yok Bk T[so
fojk j't/, sK ;zftXkB ftu ;'XK Gh ehshnK ik ;edhnK jB. id'A wBZ[yh
;wki xZN fte;s ;B, ;oekoK b'e gZyh Bk j' e/, fgsk g[oyh oki ;B
i' fe fGqPN ns/ ikbw Gh j' ikfJnk eod/ ;B. T[jBK d[ydkJh jkbsK
dk ;koEe pdb g/P ehsk Xowh wjKg[oyK B/. fJjBK w[es nkswktK dh
fgnko Goh gq/oBk, goT[gekoh ihtB, b'G bkbu s'A ofjs ;kdrh tkbk
;[Gk, b'eK B{z ngD/ tZb fyZuD bJh fweBksh; dk ezw eod/ ;B. ngDh
fBrokBh ftu uZbD tkbhnK iZE/pzdhnK tk;s/, Xow r[o{nK B/ Gh e[M
fBnw fsnko ehs/. sK fe nkg j[do/gD B{z o'fenk ik ;e/. i/ oki;h
jkew Ikbw j't/, n"r[D Bkb s{fVnk j't/, sK Xow w[yh b'e Pesh B{z
;[uZih nrtkJh fdzd/ j'J/, i[bw dk fto'X eod/ j'J/ , eJh tko ;Zu jZe
s/ gfjok fdzfdnK, ;oho Gh b/y/ bk iKd/ ;B. b'e d[PwD je{wsK d/
sys/ gbN d/D dk ekoB Gh eJh tkoh Xkowe nkr{ j' fBpVd/ ;B.
f;Zy otkfJsK, fJfsjk; ns/ f;Zy wkBf;esk ftu j[ewBkw/ dh
pVh wjZssk ojh j?. w{b o{g ftu jo f;Zy tk;s/ ;fsr[o{ ;fjpkB tZb'A
(224)
T[ukoh, r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih ftu ;zGkbh, r[o{ dk T[Zsw doik gqkgs
gftZso r[opkDh jh nw'be “j[ewBkwk j?”. fJ; B{z r[of;Zy B/, fpBK
jhb j[Zis s'A fJzB fpzB f;o wZE/ gqtkB eoBk j?. r[opkDh B/eh s/ ubD
dh jdkfJs eodh j?. ftekoK (ekw, e'qX, b'G, w'j, jzeko, Jhoyk, dt?P
nkfd) s'A pu e/ fIzdrh fiT[D dh skVBk eodh j?. tfjwK GowK, eow
eKvK, iksK r'sK s'A r[opkDh ;ysh Bkb toidh j?. fizdrh Go ;ko/ ezw
tkfjr[o{ B{z jkio Bkio ikDe/, fpBK ftseo/ s'A, ;/tk GktBk Bkb eoB dh
gq/oBk pyPdh j?. XzBsk :'r jB T[j Xowh fiT[V/, i' nkgD/ ;fsr[o{ ih
d/ gktB j[ewBkw/, r[opkDh gVQ$;[D, ;wMe/, T[; nB[;koh B/e, ns/
;ziwh ihtB pshs eod/ jB. Bw;eko j? nfij/ r[ow[Zy iBK B{z fiBK
r[opkDh B{z jh ngD/ ihtB dk ukBD w[Bkok, s/ nk;ok pDkfJnk j?. go
id'A nkb/ d[nkb/ f;Zy ;wki dh ihtB P?bh rj[ Bkb t/yhJ/ sK ;fsr[o{ ih
d/ n;b j[ewBkw/ (r[opkDh) s'A T[bN toskok tos fojk gosZy Bio
nk iKdk j?.
;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB, ngDh nBw'b ouBk, r[opkDh B{z P[ZX o{g ftu
b'ekJh B{z T[geko fjs pyP e/, ;oho eoe/ Gkt/A ub/ rJ/, go T[jBK d/
T[FZsw T[gd/P (j[ew) ;[oZfyns o{g ftu wBZ[y wkso bJh,;dht ekb
tk;s/ w"i{d jB. r[o{ ekb ftu fe;/ gzE d'yh fJB;kB fto[ZX ;fsr[o{ ih
tZb'A edh “j[ewBkwk” ikoh BjhA j'fJnk. jK fJfsjk; ftu doi j? fe
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ tZv/ g[Zso pkpk ;qh uzd B/, ;fsr[o{ nzrd
;kfjp nZr/ M[eD s'A, r[o{ wzBD s'A BKj eoe/ fgsk r[o{ d/ j[ew dh
ntZfrnk ehsh ;h. pkpk ;qh uzd B/ r[owfonkdk s'A T[bN ftnkj BjhA
eotkfJnk. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih tZb'A Xow gquko d"fonK (T[dk;hnK)
;w/A XkoB ehsk gfjoktk ;qh uzd B/ gfjB fbnk. nkgDh r[owfs s'A
tZyoh T[dk;h ;zgodk Gh N'o bJh. fJsBk e[M j'D d/ pkti{d r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp ih tZb'A, iK T[jBK s'A pkd ftu r[orZdh s/ fpokiwkB ;fsr[o{nK
tZb'A, ;qh uzd d/ fto[ZX gzE ftu'A S/eD dk j[ewBkwk ikoh BjhA ehsk
frnk. ekch d/o pknd ;s/ pbtzv ih B/, fJj io{o fbfynk, fe r[o{
(225)
g[ZsoK B/ j[ew Bk wzfBnk, fdb d/ y'N/, pkrh j' rJ/. gkgK dk Gko f;o
s/ oZy fbnk. gzeshnK jB^
“g[sqh eT[b[ B gkfbU efo ghoj[ ezBQ w[oNhn?..
fdfb y'N? nkeh fcofB, pzfB Gko[ T[ukfJfB SNhn?.. (967)
dks{ ih ns/ dk;{ ih B/ r[orZdh pkpk nwodk; B{z fwbD s/, pj[s
fto'X ehsk. rzd/ puB p'b/ ns/ ;ohoe B[e;kB g[ukD bJh jZE u[Zfenk.
;fsr[o{ nwodk; ih B/ I[pkB s'A e"Vk puB sZe Bk T[ukfonk. ;r'A e[M
;w/A bJh ngD/ iZdh fgzv pk;oe/ fJeKstk; ftu ik fpoki/. dks{ dk;{
fto[ZX e'Jh gzE ftu'A S/eD dk cstk ikoh Bk ehsk. ;fsr[o{ okwdk; ih
d/ tZv/ p/N/, fgqEh uzd B/ r[o{ fgsk d/ j[ewK dh nB/etko T[bzxDk ehsh.
r[o{ rZdh r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih B{z fwbD s/, T[j nZr pp{bk j' T[FZfmnk.
gzuw r[od/t ih B{z je{ws dh wkocs ysw eotkT[D dk f;os'V :sB
ehsk. ;[bjh ykB ns/ phopb B{z, c"i ;w/s nkT[D dk ;Zdk fdZsk sK fe
r[orZdh jfEnkJh ik ;e/. ;zrsK tZb'A d;tzX dh wkfJnk ngD/ J/izNK
okjhA fJeZmh eodk fojk. r[o{ noiB ;kfjp d/ fJeb"s/ p/N/ jfor'fpzd
ih B{z wko d/D bJh, eJh ewhBhnK ukbK ubhnK. XzBsk d/ :'r ;fsr[o{
ih B/ fgqEh d/ fto[ZX e'Jh j[ewBkwk ;kdo Bk ehsk. e"Vk puB sZe Bk
p'fbnk. r[o{ noiB ;kfjp nro ukj[zd/ sK fe;/ f;Zy B{z nky e/, fgqEh
dk c;sk tZY ;ed/ ;B, go nfijk BjhA ehsk frnk. ;fsr[o{ s/r
pjkdo ;kfjp ih s/, Xhowb B/, ;hj/ ;/te okjhA r'bh ubtkJh, i'
;fsr[o{ ih d/ ezB d/ Bkb dh j' e/ d;sko B{z uhodh j'Jh, nZr/ fBeb
rJh. r[o{ xo ftu'A wkb n;pkp b[ZN fbnk frnk. GkJh wZyD Pkj B/
XhowZb s/ ;hjA/ B{z geV ieV e/, ;fsr[o{ ih nZr/ fbnk ;[ZfNnk.
ekotkJh eoB dh nkfrnk wzrh. pyfPzd ;fsr[o{ ih B/ puB T[uko/ ^
“fJBK B{z Sv fdU, w[nkc eo fdU, fisBh d/o fiT[Dr/. gSskt/ d/ jzM{
e/od/ ofjDr/.” w[nkc eo fdZs/ rJ/. fJ; soK pkpk okw okJ/ B/ Gh
rbsh ehsh ;h, go ;fsr[o{ jfo okJ/ ;kfjp ih B/ e'Jh j[ew Bkwk ikoh
Bk ehsk. e/tb fJzBk fejk fe ;kv/ ;kjwD/ Bk nkt/HHHH p;.
(226)
;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx, ;fseko:'r fgsk r[o{ d/ ekfsb, n"ozrI/p
B{z fwbD uZb gJ/. T[j ikDd/ ;B fe wksk ih, uko/ ;kfjpIkd/ ns/ nB/e
f;ZyK dk n"ozrI/p eksb j?, fco fwbD dk ftuko eoB dk okj pzd BjhA
ehsk. fJ; s'A pknd pzdk f;zx pjkdo dk ;wK nkT[Adk j?. fJjBK ysK
dh gqwkfDesk s/ Pzek poeoko j?. feT[Afe pzdk f;zx, y[d d;w gksPkj
ji{o s'A nkd/P gqkgs eoe/, ekoi ftXh T[bhe e/ jh gzikp nkfJnk ;h.
T[; e'b ;fsr[o{ ih d/ fbysh c[owkB ( j[ewBkw/ ) fuzBQ s/ jI{oh f;Zy
w"i{d ;B. r[o{ gdth Gh wksk ih e'b BjhA ;h. wksk ih T[AM Gh je{ws
dh BIopzdh ftu ;B. T[jBK B{z pkjo tkgo oj/ xNBk eow dk e'Jh
fJbw BjhA ;h. fJ;/ bJh fe;/ rbs cfjwh ftu fJj \s fby fdZs/ rJ/
sK e'Jh yk; rZb BjhA. fJj Gh ;zGt j? fe jkewK tZb'A wksk ih dk Bkw
tos e/ pzdk f;zx fto[ZX Bebh \s fby fdZs/ rJ/ j'D. feT[Afe wksk ih
brGr 1745 sZe ihts oj/, go gzikp ftu dkyb Bk j' ;e/, f;ZyK d/
ekcfbnK iK w[yhnK B{z edh Bk fwb ;e/, eh ikDhJ/<
fw;bK tes gzE fto'Xh ns/ r[ows fto'Xh ezwK eoe/ pkpk
tvGkr f;zx^ Bkb'A gzE B/ Bksk s'V fbnk ;h e[M jh ;w//A nzdo T[; B/
G[Zb bJh w[nkch wzr bJh, go T[; d/ ny"sh u/b/ nZi sZe tkg; BjhA
gos/. GkJh ;[Zyk f;zx wkVh ezp'eh tkb/, T[Zgo fJj d'P ;h fe T[; B/ p/Nh
dh jZfsnk ehsh j?. id'A fe T[j f;ZX/ o{g ftu e;{otko BjhA ;h. fco
Gh T[; B/ r[o{ ;BwZ[y j' e/ G[Zb bJh w[nkch wzr bJh s/ nG/d j' frnk.
GkJh iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk, ;kEhnK ;w/s ;wK ftuko e/ ibzXo d/
c"idko ndhBk p/r e'b ik B"eo j'fJnk. ;wK nkT[D s/, fJ;B/ Gh
w[nkch wzrh G[Zb pyPtkJh.
T[Zgo tofDs S'NhnK tZvhnK e[M xNBktK xNhnK, b/feB fe;/
f;Zy B{z rbsh eoB s/ gzE ftu'A S/eD tkb/ j[ewBkw/ ikoh eoB s'A ;dk
jh ;ze'u ehsk frnk. nkX[fBe IwkB/ dk ;G s'A gfjbK j[ewBkwk
18^03^1887 ftu g'qL r[ow[Zy f;zx B{z f;Zyh ftu'A ykoi eoB pko/ ikoh
j'fJnk. T[; dk e;{o fJj dZf;nk frnk ;h fe T[j ny"sh r[o{ nzP p/dh
(227)
;'Yh pkfpnK dk ftP/P ;fseko BjhA eodk. iks B{z BjhA wzBdk, fjzd{
d/th d/tfsnK ns/ ntskoK pko/ G?V/ puB p'bdk j?. ;w/A B/ eotN bJh,
108 ;kb pkd, ;szpo 1995 B{z ftPt f;Zy ;zw/bD tes, gq'L r[ow[Zy f;zx
B{z gzE ftu tkg; b?D dk j[ewBkwk ikoh ehsk frnk. fJ; s'A ;kc
Ikfjo j? fe T[j nrKj tX{ r[of;Zy, ny"sh gzE w[yhnK dh izrkbh ;'u
Bkb'A, d{onzd/Ph ftu 108 ;kb nZr/ ;h.
15H11H1920 B{z r[odtkfonK dh ;zGkb tk;s/ fJZe e/Adoh ew/Nh
dk rmB eoB bJh vkLr[opyP f;zx ;/te tZb'A, nekb s\s dh w'jo
tos e/, gzE d/ Bkw ;Zdk gZso o{gh, j[ewBkwk ikoh ehsk frnk.
1923 B{z rzr;o i?s'A fty/ w'ou/ tes gzE fto'Xh ekotkJhnK bJh
GkJh r[ofdnkb f;zx B{z gzE ftu'A S/fenk frnk.
30H05H1924 B{z eosko f;zx p/dh B{z sBykj bkJh rJh. rZdh bk
e/ p?mD ekoB.
09H08H1928 B{z GkJh s/ik f;zx s/ T[; dh gsBh phph fBoziD e"o
G;"V tkfbnK B{z r[opkDh dk ngwkB eoB d/ d'Ph mfjokfJnk frnk.
(n;b ftu gfNnkbk oki tZb'A fJj ekotkJh fBih ekoBk eoe/ eotkJh
rJh)
12H06H1936 B{z ikoh j[ewBkw/ ftu f;Zy bJh, ngD/ Bkw Bkb,
iks r's fbyD dh wBkjh ehsh rJh ns/ BhthnK iksK Bkb fJZe;wkB
pokpo tosD dk nkd/P fdZsk frnk.
10H06H1978 B{z, fBozekoh ;zgodkfJ Bkb'A Bksk s'V b?D pko/
j[ewBkwk ikoh ehsk frnk.
1986 ftu GkJh p{Nk f;zx e/Adoh wzsoh, fBjzr w[yh ;zsk f;zx s/
fdZbh dk fJZe bhvo, oSgkb f;zx B{z gzE fto'Xh ekoBK eoe/ e;{otko
rodkfBnk frnk.
dopko ;kfjp s/ “ ekbh roi Bkwh ” jwbk w[V s'A eotkT[D
pko/, ;[oihs f;zx poBkbk, sZsekbh w[Zy wzsoh B{z sBykj bkJh rJh
1986 ftu.
(228)
1993 ftu gzE fto'Xh s/ r[opkDh fto'Xh fbysK ekoB vkL fgnko
f;zx, vkLgP"ok f;zx s/ nwoihs f;zx rq/tkb B{z sB\kj bkJh rJh.
(fJ; d/ ekoB Gh oki;h ;B)
nyho ftu T[; ;G s'A gzE xkse tzvhnK gkT[D tkb/, e[u/PNk
nXhB ikoh ehs/ rJ/ “j[ewBkw/” dk fIeo eoBk nfs Io{oh j?. rbs
sZE g/P eoe/ nkgDhnK fBZih roIK s/ bkb;ktK nXhB ikoh eotkJ/,
fJ; j[ewBkw/ ekoB ftd/Ph f;ZyK ftu ;dk tk;s/ gkVk g? frnk. xo,
foPs/dkohnK, w{zj w[bkji/ N[ZN rJ/, d[PwDh d/ ezv/ EK EK T[Zr gJ/. fJj
;h GkJh oDihs f;zx tZb'A wJh 1998 ftu ikoh ehsk frnk. (sZgV iK
e[o;h) bzro fttkd tkbk “j[ewBkwk”. w;bk fJsBk wkw{bh ;h fe fJ;
B{z b'eb s"o s/ BfiZfmnk ikDk ukjhdk ;h. go pV/ d[Zy dh pks j? fe
nkgDhnK fBZih bkb;ktK dh g{osh tk;s/ fJ; B{z g?dk ehsk frnk,
tXkfJnk frnk s/ fco i'odko Yzr Bkb gq?Z; ftu T[Skfbnk frnk.
;EkBe gZXo s/ fBp/Vk eoB dh Ekt/A fco fJ; B{z fpBQK b'V s'A, nekb
s\s ;kfjp s/ x;hN e/ fbnKdk frnk. sZgVK s/ p?m e/ bzro SeD dk
fto'X eoB tkb/, e[o;hnK d/ jZe ftu p'bD tkb/, S/ ;/tkdkoK B{z “
j[ewBkwk” ikoh eoe/, ykb;k gzE ftu'A ykoi eo fdZsk frnk. fJ;
e[o;h pBkw sZgV fttkd tkb/ j[ewBkw/ s/, gzi iZE/dkoK d/ d;\s ;B,
T[j ;B GkJh oDihs f;zx ;qh nekb s\s, GkJh wBihs f;zx nBzdg[o
;kfjp, GkJh e/tb f;zx sbtzvh ;kp', GkJh GrtkB f;zx rzqEh nekb
s\s ;kfjp, GkJh uoB f;zx rqzEh ;qh dopko ;kfjp. fJjBK ftu'A GkJh
wBihs f;zx pd/PK ftu e[o;h s/ p?m e/, bzro toskT[D tkb/ r[o{ xoK
ftu e[o;hnK s/ p?m e/ bzro eJh tko Se u[Ze/ jB. gq'L doPB f;zx,
r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk s/ j'o nB/e bhvo e[o;hnK s/ bzro Sed/ oj/ jB.
go fJ; tkoh e[o;hnK d/ fto[ZX nekb s\s d/ b?No g?v s/ w'jo dh
tos'A eoe/, “j[ewBkwk” ikoh ehsk. fJj Gh j[ew fdZsk frnk fe
e[o;hnK d/ jZe ftu G[rsD tkb/ gqpzXeK s'A, r[odtko/ nkIkd eokJ/
ikD. fJjBK r[o{ xoK ftu gkmh, eEktkue, ehosBhJ/ Ykvh Gh Bk
(229)
ikD. fijV/ ikDr/, T[jBK fto[ZX Gh ;ys ekotkJh ehsh ikt/rh. pV/
d[Zy Bkb fbyDk g? fojk j? fe r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk iZE/dkoK B{z ;fseko
jh G[Zb frnk. i/ e'Jh ;/tkdko T[; r[o{ xo ftu Bk fojk, sK ;fsr[o{ d/
gktB ;o{gK dh ;/tk fet/A j't/rh< nkgD/ r[o{ dh ;/tk s/ pkDh gVQBh
;[DBh, ehosB eEk eoB'A o'eD tkbk e'Jh r[owZ[y BjhA j' ;edk. T[j
iE/dkoh d/ Gh edkfus :'r BjhA j?. ;r'A r[o{ dh jI{oh ftu ikD' o'eD
tkbk, f;Zy nytkT[D dk Gh jZedko BjhA j?. e[M fJZe fuZmhnK GkJh
oDihs f;zx B/ pd/PK d/ f;ZyK tZb fbyhnK, fijBK B{z j[ewBkwk fejk.
go T[; Gb/ wkD; B{z fJj Gh BjhA gsk fe xZN' xZN ngD/ fBZih b?No g?v
s/ fbyh fuZmh B{z, j[ewBkwK sK Bk nky/. fco j'o f;sw fJj gJh T[jBK
fuZmhnK s/ GkJh oDihs f;zx d/, jZE Bkb ehs/ d;ys BjhA jB ;r'A
d;ysK dh Beb tkbh opV dh w'jo pDtkJh j'Jh j?. T[; w'jo B{z
“j[ewBkfwnK” s/ d;ysK dh EK mZg fdZsk frnk j?.
fJ; s'A pknd sK j[ewBkfwnK dk jV jh tr s[fonk ;h. GkJh
oDihs f;zx tZb'A, GkJh wBihs f;zx, GkJh e/tb f;zx s/ pofizdo f;zx
jwdod fto[ZX. fJ; s'A gfjbK fe e'Jh j'o “j[ewBkwk” ikoh ehsk
iKdk, GkJh oDihs f;zx B{z nj[d/ s'A T[skoB dk “ j[ewBkwk” ikoh j'
frnk j?. fJ; s'A pknd pDkJ/ rJ/ iE/dko, GkJh g{oB f;zx. fijBK
nkT[AfdnK jh phph irho e"o, gqXkB n?;HihHghH;hH B{z gzE ftu'A ykoi
eo fdZsk. pVk xVwZ; wukfJnk fJ; ;yP B/, BK gzi f;zx fJeZm/ eoB
dh io{os, Bk nekb s\s ;kfjp whfNzr eoB dh b'V. Bk ;pzXs
ftnesh e'b'A g[S gVskb eoB dh io{os. pZ; fi; B{z fdb eo/, gzE
ftu'A pkjo trkj wko'. fJ; dhnK nkg j[dohnK id'A f;o'A bzx rJhnK
sK fJ; B{z Gh rZdhUA T[sko fdZsk frnk, s/ iE/dkoh M'bh gk fdZsh frnkBh
i'frzdo f;zx t/dKsh d/. g{oB f;zx tkb/ ;ko/ j[ewBkw/ oZd eo fds/ rJ/,
go oDihs f;zx tkbk sZgV$e[o;h fttkd tkbk j[ew, tkg; BjhA fbnk.
g{oB f;zx dhnK iVK fesBhnK e[ v{zxhnK jB, fJ; dk nzdkik fJ;/ rZb'A
bkfJnk ik ;edk j?, fe nB/e wBnkJhnK, gzE xkse ekotkJhnK eoB
(230)
d/ pkti{d Gh T[j fJZe ;fsekos nj[d/ s/ cBhno tKr e[zvbh wkoh p?mk
j?. j? fe;/ ftu fJsBh skes fe T[;dk tkb Gh ftzrk eo ;e/< Btzpo
2004 ftu id'A phph irho e"o w[V SGPC dh goXkB pDh sd'A frL g{oB f;zx B[z ezB' geV pkjo eZfYnk frnk.
fgZS/ tofDs j[ewBkfwnK dh sc;hb toDB eoB dk fJZe' we;d
j?, fe gkmeK B{z uzrh soQK gsk bZr ikt/ fe ;fsr[o{ ;fjpkB d/ ihtB
ekb ftu, fe;/ f;Zy B{z rbsh eoB d/ pkti{d Gh gzE ftu'A ykoi eoB
tkbk j[ewBkwk ikoh BjhA j'fJnk. n;b j[ewBkwk PoXktkB f;Zy
tk;s/, gftZso r[opkDh j?. pkDh nB[;koh ihtB fiT[Dk jh n;b f;Zyh
j?. vkL rzvk f;zx ih B/ fJZe g[;se ;zgkds eoe/ SgtkJh ;h “j[ewBkw/”.
nZieZb fJj feskp gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk tZb'A fwbdh j?. T[;
ftu rzvk f;zx ih B/ y[Zb e/ fieo ehsk j? fe fJj ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ji{oh
f;ZyK tZb'A ;fsr[o{ ih dh fJZSk w[skpe, fbyhnK rJhnK fumhnK jB.
fes/ fes/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ jZE fbys “ fB;kD” Gh fwbd/ jB. feT[Afe
fJjBK \sK ftu o'IkBk tos'A dhnK uhiK dk fieo j?, fit/A o[g?, ;'Bk,
uKdh, jfEnko, x'V/ nkfd. eJhnK ftu ;zrs B{z fwbtosD Bkb ob e/
ofjD dh skehd j?. rbsh eoB tkfbnK B{z w[V gzE ftu Pkwb eo b?D
dh nkfrnk j?. w;zdK Bkb'A Bksk s'V b?D dh nkfrnk j?. go fJjBK \sK
ftu Gh fe;/ f;Zy B{z esb eo d/D iK gzE ftu'A ykoi eoB pko/ okJh
wkso fieo BjhA fwbdk. ;' T[j fuZmhnK jB, f;Zy ;zrsK, ;fseko Bkb
T[jBK B{z “j[ewBkw/” nkyD bZr gJhnK. ekch ;ko/ \s T[jBK ftu PZe
d/ x/o/ ftu Gh jB.
nZi d/ ;zdop ftu jkbks B{z nZyK nZr/ fbnkU. fet/A fBr{DhnK
p/wkjBhnK, gkDhT[A gsbhnK rZbK pko/ j[ewBkw/ ikoh j'J/ fwbd/ jB. i/
edh iE/dkoK s/ okiBhsh Gko{ BK j[zdh , fJ; tZv/ ;fsekos nj[d/ s/
:'rsk Gog{o ihtB tkb/ ftdtkB r[of;Zy, fB:[es ehs/ j[zd/ sK fBr{DhnK
rZbK pko/ “j[ewBkw/” ikoh BK j[zd/. wkB' wZSo wkoB tk;s/, Gkoh s'g dh
tos'A ehsh rJh. wZSo wfonk BjhA go s'g dk ;kok pko{d rtk fbnk.
(231)
nrb/ gzfBnK s/ T[jBK w;fbnK B{z f;Zy, ;zrsK d/ ;Bw[y fbnKdk ik
fojk j?, fiBK pko/ iE/dkoK B{z ;w/A f;o T[fus ekotkJh eoe/, ;pzXs
iE/pzdh iK ftnesh B{z r[ows fto'Xh ekotkJhnK eoB s'A o'eD bJh
skVBk eoBh pDdh ;h. go oki;h ekoBK eoe/ iK ngDh Bk nfjbhns
eoe/, pDdk ;odk nkd/P Bk fdZsk frnk. fi; ekoB iE/dkoK dh
nkgDh fJZIs sK dkn s/ bZrh jh ;h, fJjBK nekb sys ;kfjp dh
niws B{z Gh iop bk fdZsh.
BBekDk ;kfjp ftu y{Bh eKv tkgo/ B{z brgr nZ;h ;kb phs
uZ[e/ jB. go f;Zy wkBf;esk ftu BokfJD dk; gkgh, Xowh f;ZyK d/ y{B
ftu ni/ sZe skohnK bkT[Adk, f;ZyK dhnK p'NhnK B'udk, nZrK ftu
;kVdk goshs j[zdk j?. isB eoB s/ Gh fJj ;kek G[bkfJnk BjhA ik
;edk. fJj ekok r[o{ xo dh j' ojh p/j[owsh B{z o'eD bJh ;h. go eh
T[;s'A wro'A Gh BokfJD dk; dh wbhB o{j XkoB eoe/ ;kX bkDk T[;/
okj s/ BjhA N[fonk j'fJnk< eh f;Zyh n;{bK dk ;kX Po/nkw xkD BjhA
eo oj/< pj[s bzp/ nop/ s'A nDfrDs ;kX pkp/, v/o/dko f;Zyh ;o{g ftu
ofj e/ jh r[ows d/ iVhA e[jkVk BjhA ubk oj/ < nkg' ngD/ jo v/o/,
mkm, iE/ iK Ne;kb dh tZyoh wfonkdk j?. fBo'b r[opkDh dk ehosB
eoB dh Ekt/A, ngDhnK eZuhnK fgZbhnK eftsktK (ny"sh XkoBktK)
N'Ne/ i'V e/, ;zrsK nZr/ oZyD s'A Pow BjhA eod/. nD ftfrnkBe,
gokG"fse, g[okfDe ejkDhnK, r[ows dk b/pb bk e/, ;zrsK B{z fJi?eN
(m{; d/Dk) ehsk ik fojk j?. r[ows B[{z eokwksh ozrD ftu g/P ehsk ik
fojk j?, i' r[opkDh dh w{b GktBk s'A e'jK d{o j?. fJjBK pkfpnK B/, ;ko/
pqkjwDh eoweKv, G'bh Gkbh f;Zy ;zrs B{z bZ[ND tk;s/ pVh ubkeh Bkb
r[od[nko/ ftu gouZbs eotk fdZs/ jB. eJh v/o/dko ;kX, feogkB BjhA
gfjBd/, ny/ n;hA r[o{ BkBe d/ f;Zy jK, “BkBe;ohJ/”. r[o{ jor'fpzd
;kfjp, ns/ d;w gksPkj ji{o Bkb fJjBK dk e'Jh ;pzX BjhA. e[M e[
v/o/dko, ngD/ s'A gfjbK j' r[io/ ;kXK dhnK c'N'nK dh g{ik r[o{ rzqE
;kfjp ih dh ji{oh ftu oZy e/, iK r[o{ ;kfjp ih dhnK ebgs s;thoK
(232)
ftu fNek e/, Ppd r[o{ d/ f;XKs dh o'ikBk fyZbh T[vkT[Ad/ jB. eJh mkm
tkb/ (r[odtko/< ) sK fBPkB ;kfjp BjhA bkT[Ad/. e[M EktK s/ bzro BjhA
pDdk$tosdk $ eekoK dk tyo/tK, fBsB/w dh pkDh ftu tkXk xkNk, gkm
eokT[D dh ftXh wBwoih dh. ;zgN gkm, wzso, jE"b/ eoB/, gkDh wzso
gVQe/ d/Dk iK nkN/ d/ g/V/ d/D/. Poshnk w[zvk g?dk eoB dk ftPtkP
fdbkT[Dk, ftnkj Bk eotkT[Dk, go phphnK d/ M[owN ftu ;dk fxo/
ofjDk. fJjBK ny"sh v/fonK ftu S'Nh T[wo d/ ;/tkdko bVfenK Bkb
d[okuko j'D/, n"osK dh gs b[ZNh ikDhHHHHH. eh T[FZgo tofDs r[ows B{z
wbhnk w/N eoB tkb/ eko/, ;kv/ ;fseko :'r sysK d/ iE/dkoK B{z, Bio
BjhA nkJ/< eh gkghnK tZb'A d[okuko dk fPeko j'J/ wk;{w bVfenK dhnK
uheK s/ f;;ehnK ;[DkJh BjhA fdZshnK< PoXk fjZs fJjBK n;EkBK s/
ikD tkbhnK G'bhnK phphnK dk j' fojk P'PD nB?sesk fJjBK B{z
wfj;{; jh BjhA j'Jh< fco fJjBK gkg eowK ns/ wBwsh ekotkJhnK
fto[ZX i[pkB feT[A BjhA y[bh< fJjBK gzE xkse, Bhu eos{sK eoB
tkfbnK fto[ZX feT[A nZi sZe edh “j[ewBkwk” ikoh BjhA j'fJnk<
feT[AHHHHH<
p'fb ;[ XowhfVnk w'fB es Xkoh okw..
s[{ B/sqh d/fy ufbnk wkfJnk fpT[jkoh okw..(547)
;w[Zu/ gzE tZb'A fsnko ehsh rJh, ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp tZb'A wkBsk
gqkgs, gzE tZb'A u[Dh j'Jh ;z;Ek, Pq'qwDh r[odtkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tZb'A
gqekfPs eotkJh “f;Zy ofjs wfonkdk” dh T[bzxDk nB/e f;Zy iZE/pzdhnK
bzw/ no;/ s'A eodhnK nk ojhnK jB. Bkw f;woB d/ w;b/ s'A b? e/,
ykD ghD gfjBD sZe d/ w;fbnK pko/, ;ys wsG/d j' u[Ze/ jB. nkg'
nkgD/ iE/ iK w[yh dh wfonkdk ;ko/ gzE s/ vzv/ d/ i'o m';Dk ukj[zd/ jB.
fpBK fe;/ gZe/ ;p{s s'A ngDh iZE/pzdh ftubh wfonkdk B{z d;w gksPkj
tZb'A fBoXkos ehsh, “;hBk p;hBk ” ubh nk ojh n;bh wfonkdk j'D
dk e[co, jo o'I r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu p'fbnk iKdk j?.
r[opkDh B{z nkgDh v/o/dkoh iK ;zsrhoh d/ jZe ftu, p/y"c tofsnk ik
(233)
fojk j?. d/jXkoh r[o{ B{z wzBD tkb/ v/o/, okXk ;[nkwh, fBozekoh BkwXkoh
(e{e/). f;o;/ tkb/ s/ j'o nDfrDs v/fonK tkb/, Ppd r[o{ f;XKs dhnK
p/ofjwh Bkb XZihnK T[vkT[Ad/ jB, s/ d/jXkoh r[o{ d/ jZe ftu, r[opkDh
dh x'o d[otos'A eod/ jB. fBZs Bt/A Yzr Bkb, r[ows dh o{j r[opkDh,
ns/ gzEe j;sh dk fBokdo ehsk ik fojk j? ns/ gzEe w[yh sysK d/
iE/dko, rcbs dh BhAd ftu x{e ;[Zs/ gJ/ jB. fJjBK E'e ftu g?dk j'
oj/ wBwsh ezwK s/ ny"sh pkfpnK r[o{nK fto[ZX, ;zrsK B{z ;[u/s BK ehsk
frnk. nkyoh jfEnko ti'A e'Jh j[ewBkwk ikoh BK ehsk frnk. go
feT[A< feT[A<<HHHH
;uk Xow g[zB[ Gbk eokJ/.. dhB e? s';? d[Bh B ikJ/..
dhB SvkJ/ d[Bh i' bkJ/.. d[jh ;okJh y[Bkwh ejkJ/..
(743)
fJfsjk; B{z s'V wo'V e/ g/P eoB ftu, b/yeK B/ e'Jh e;o BjhA
Svh. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih s'A P[o{ j' e/ w"i{dk ;w/A sZe fJfsjk; B{z
rzXbk eoB dk d[PN eow fBofpxB ikoh j?. gfjb/ ;fwnK ftu, pkb/
Bkwh coih Bkw tkb/ ftnesh B/, r[o{ ih dk iBw;kyh ftu, p/nzs EK s/
ngwkB ehsk. p/f;o g?o dhnK wB'ebfgs, e{V ejkDhnK, pkpk ih Bkb
BZEh ehshnK rJhnK. r[o{ pkpk ih d/ nfBB ;/tkdko, GkJh ;kfjp
wodkBk ih B{z, Bhusk dh jZd sZe ngwkfBs ehsk. G[Zyk fgnk;k, T[bKG/
fdzdk, vfonk j'fJnk s/ bkbuh fposh tkbk, pDk e/ sK g/P ehsk jh ;h,
G/v{, SZsok, pDkT[D s'A Gh Pow Bk ehsh. r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ;u/ gksPkj
B{z, fJ; B/ e'jV j'fJnk dZf;nk. feT[Afe pkpk ;qh uzd B/ ;okg i' d/ fdZsk
;h. e'jV tkb/ iywK B{z ;/tkdko pkpk nwodk; (pkd ftu ;fsr[o{)
ngD/ w{zj Bkb u{;dk dZf;nk, rzdh ghe w{zj ftu gkT[Adk fojk. r[o{
noiD ;kfjp ih tZb'A fsnko ehs/ ;q'to dk ib rzdk j'D'A, feow g?D'A, Bk
jfNnk. fiE/ ;qh uzd d/ fJPBkB s'A pknd rzdk gkDh fJeZmk j'fJnk
eodk ;h, T[jh gkDh nzfwqs;o ;q'to ftu gkfJnk, sK gkDh ;tZS j'fJnk,
feow wo/. r[o{ gazuw gksPkj d/ xo bzw/ no;/ sZe pkbe g?dk Bk
(234)
j'fJnk sK ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;[gsBh rzrk ih B{z pkpk p[ZYk ih e'b, g[Zso
gqkgsh tk;s/ N'o fdZsk. pkpk p[ZYk ih d/ wzso Bkb, wksk ih T[E'A jh
roGtsh j' e/ gosh. B"t/A ;fsr[o{ s/r pjkdo, r[ows f;XKsK s'A T[bN
26 ;kb G'o/ ftu p?m e/, sg eod/ oj/. g[Zso gqkgsh tk;s/, B"t/A BkBe
fjzd{ shoEK s/ ik e/, wzBsK wzBd/ oj/, pqkjwDK B{z ;'Bk, uKdh, rT{nK dkB
eod/ oj/. d;t/A BkBe fgSb/ iBwK ftu j/we[zN s/ bZyK ;kb sgZf;nk
eod/ oj/. d/thA gqrN eoe/ T[; s'A Pesh gqkgsh fjZs, jtB eod/ oj/.
nZr/ ftjb/ tes B{z ozrhB pDkT[D tk;s/, d;w gksPkj ekw T[e;kT[,
fsqnk ufoZso torhnK, ufoZsojhD ejkDhnK fbyd/ oj/HHHH. eh fJj
d{Ps ;wZroh r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu ;jh f;ZX j' ;edh j? < fco nZi sZe
bzwk no;k phs ikD d/ pkti{d, fe;/ sys d/ iE/dko B/, d[PN fbysK
fto[ZX nktki feT[A Bk T[mkJh< j[ewBkwk o{gh sho feT[A BjhA SZfvnk<
e[o;hnK fsnkr e/ sZgVK s/ p?m e/ bzro SeD tor/ ezw tk;s/ j[ewBkwk
dkfrnk ik ;edk j?. gziK f;zx ;fjpkBK d/ d;ysK ns/ w'jo ;qh nekb
sys ;kfjp dh tos'A eoe/, jk;'jhDh rZb pdb/ j[ewBkwk ikoh ehsk ik
;edk j?, go fJfsjk; B{z ;'XD pko/ BjhA. ;fsr[o{ ih dh niws tXkT[D
tkbk BjhA. go feT[A< feT[A<<HHHHHH
frnkBh fXnkBh pj[ T[gd/Ph fJj ir ;rb' XzXk..
efj epho fJZe okw Bkw[ fpB fJnk ir[ wkfJnk nzXk..(338)
nZr/ j'o stZi' fdU. gqf;ZX fJfsjk;eko vkL rzvk f;zx B/, pkpk
okw f;zx (BkwXkoh fcoe/ d/ nkr{) pko/ pj[s fwjBs Bkb y'i Gog{o
feskp fbyh “e{fenK dh ftZfEnk”. T[; g[;se ftu pkpk okw f;zx
dhnK p/nzs f;Zy gzE fto'Xh ekotkJhnK dk ;p{sK ;fjs fieo j?. fet/A
pkpk okw f;zx d/ g?o'eko wBwkBhnK eod/ ;B$jB. pkpk okw f;zx B{z
gzE fto'Xh rZbK ekoB gqwZ[y r[odtkfonK$sysK T[FZgo, fJjBK dh G/Nk
gqPkfd s/ nodk; dh wBkjh j' rJh. fJjBK b'eK r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B{z,
pVh e[fNbsk Bkb Bkd/V (ji{o ;kfjp) s'A BkG/ nikgkb d/ r[odtko/
(T[; tes fJZe fMVh ;h) r[gstk; ftu fbnKdk. e{fenK d/ fJZe gfjb/
(235)
r[o{, GkJh pkbe f;zx dk iBw fgzv S'Jh fibk nNe (gkfe;skB) ftu
j'fJnk s/ fwqs{ S/ d;zpo 1862 B{z. fJ;/ pkbe f;zx s'A okw f;zx B/
dhfynk bJh ;h. e{fenK d/ ekbgfBe ;o'sK w[skpe, d;w gksPkj B/
r[orZdh 1830 d/ B/V/ pkbe f;zx B{z fdZsh. nr'A woB tes 1862 ftu
okw f;zx B[z{ d/ frnk. iok ;'u' 1666 s'A b? e/ 1830 sZe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx
ih nro ihts oj/, sK T[jBK dh T[wo fezBh j' rJh< fJZe ;" s/ u"Ajm
;kb, fBok e[co. fco fJjBK soheK ftu sK f;Zy oki dk ;{oi p[bzdhnK
s/ ;h, wkbt/ ftu Gh f;Zy, oki ekfJw eo uZ[e/ ;B. r[o{ ih b[e/ feT[A
oj/, ehjd/ s'A vo ;h< ;ko/ okfinK gqrN eoe/ ;r'A T[jBK dk p/nzs
;BwkB eoBk ;h, nrtkJh b?Dh ;h. go rg"VK fby e/ ngDk r[o{ vzw
e{fenK B/ ubk fbnk j?. nodk; fJjBK pdb bJh, nzfwqs pdb fbnk,
eeko pdb bJ/. Ppd r[o{ d/ neZN f;XKs B{z SZv e/ d/jXkoh r[o{ gqEk
ukb{ eo bJh. f;sw iohch t/y'` nekbh db dk “nzfwqsXkoh gqXkB”,
f;Zyh ;o{gtkbk w[Zy wzsoh ;qH gqek; f;zx pkdb, r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh
nzfwqs;o ftu, “r[o{ okw f;zx u/no ;Ekgs eo nkfJnk j?”. ngD/
jZEhA ;kohnK T[dxkNBh o;wK ehshnK. fJj ;ko/ d[PNsk tkb/ eko/
eofdnK pkdb B{z fe;/ iE/dko B/ fusktBh Bk fdZsh. ep{so tKr nZyK
whNh p?m/ oj/. e'Jh j[ewBkwk ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp s'A pkdb tZb BK
G/i ;e/. nfijk feT[A< feT[A<< HHHH
N/Yh gkr N/Y/ ub/ bkr/ pho/ ykB..
GkT[ Grfs f;T[ eki B eS{n? w/o' ekw[ dhtkB[.. (1124)
;zB 1983 ftu pkpk jouzd f;zx b'Ar'tkb, gqXkB ns/ fveN/No,
;q'wDh nekbh db tZb'A, fJZe BtK gogzu ofunk frnk. gzikp d/ tZy tZy
fjZf;nK ftu'A, nkJ/ B"itkBK B{z, nekb sys ;kfjp s/ nodk; eoe/,
j[ewBkwk b? e/ woihtV/ Gosh eoB dk, r[owfs fto'Xh Sb BkNe ehsk
iKdk ;h. jIkoK f;Zy Peb tkb/ b'eK B/, dopko ;kfjp dh gftZsosk
ekfJw oZyD tk;s/, b'V g?D s/ Gkosh c"i d/ jwb/ dk fto'X eofdnK,
ikBK tkoB dk jbc fbnk. bzwhnK Xkofwe o;wK fBGkJhnK rJhnK,
(236)
y[d pkpk jouzd f;zx Gh^ jbc b?D tkfbnK ftu ;kwb j'fJnk. ;wK
phfsnk, i{B 1984 B{z Gkosh c"i B/ dopko ;kfjp s/ fGnkBe jZbk p'b
fdZsk. ;G e[ZM sfj; Bfj; eo fdZsk. jcsk Go r'bhnK, s'gK, N?AeK
d[nkok nZr to;kJh iKdh ojh. nDfrDs PoXkb{ wkJh GkJh, b/y/ bZr
rJ/. nZr s'A gfjbK c"i tZb'A p/ ofjwh Bkb ehwsh ;kwkB b[ZfNnk frnk.
phphnK B{z p/gZs ehsk frnkHHH. fi; fe;/ d/ nzdo feDek wkso iwho
Bkw dh uhi pkeh ;h, T[j sVfcnk o'fJnk. ;kok gzikp jh BjhA d[BhnK
Go ftu c?fbnk f;Zy fjodk tb[zXfonk frnk. oZp dk G? wzBD tkb/
fJB;kBhns d/ jwdod r?o f;ZyK B/ Gh, f;ZyK s/ Ykj/ rJ/ i[bwK fto[ZX
nktki p[bzd ehsh. fesBh Pow Bkb wo ikD tkbh xNBk xNh, fe r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp d/ ;Bw[y, ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp s/ jkio j' e/ ikBK tkoB
dhnK e;wK u[ZeD tkb/ “woihtV/ d[zw dpk e/” nfij/ BZ;/ fe nZi sZe
T[jBK dk y[ok y'i jh BjhA bZfGnk. nekbh db d/ gqXkB pkpk jouzd
f;zx ns/ pkeh jikoK woihtV/, GhV gJh s'A r[o{ ns/ gzE B{z f;yo
d[gfjo/, drk d/ rJ/. ehs/ gqD, u[ZehnK e;wK, nekb sys ;kfjp dh
niws, dopko ;kfjp dh gftZsosk, xZN/ o'b fdZsh fJjBK wBw[yK B/.
fJjBK gzE d/ Gr'fVnk fto[ZX, nodk; eoe/ fgZm d/ ikD tkfbnK fybkc,
fe;/ iE/dko B/ e'Jh n?ePB BjhA fbnk. feT[A< e'Jh j[ewBkwk ikoh BK
ehsk, go feT[A << HHHHfeT[A<< HHHHH
M{m/ eT[ Bkjh gfs BkT[.. epj{ B ;{uk ekbk ekT[.. (839)
;zB 9^8^1928 ftu GkJh s/ik f;zx s/ phph fBoziD e"o G;"V
tkfbnK fto[ZX, gzE ftu'A ykoi eoB dk j[ewBkwk ikoh eofdnK, fJj
fJbikw bkfJnk frn ;h fe fJjBK B/ r[opkDh dh soshp B{z Gzr ehsk
j? , p/ndph ehsh j?. go ;kv/ iE/dkoK B{z edh BIo jh BjhA nkfJnk fe
v/o/dko ;kX ;zs ns/ d[ekBdko fet/A r[opkDh dh soshp B{z wbhnkw/N
eo oj/ jB< ig[ih ;kfjp pkopko Skg e/, r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp fiZvk rqzE pDk
Xfonk j?. ;[ywBh ;kfjp p/nzs tkoh Skg e/ j'o fJZe r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh
soi dk rqzE pDk fdZsk frnk j?. ;zgN tkb/, ;[ywBh ;kfjp, nbZr Sg/
(237)
j'J/ fwbd/ jB. fBsB/w dhnK pDhnK dk ;ko/ v/o/dkoK B/ tZvk o/Vek
gkfJnk j'fJnk j?. j'o s/ j'o, dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o s/ ;kjwD/ jh
nekb sys ;kfjp, fJZe wfonkdk ftu BjhA jB. d/PK pd/PK ftu
r[opkDh d/ r[Ne/, g'EhnK, nbZr nbZr soshp ftu SghnK j'JhnK
fwbdhnK jB. fBsB/w d/ r[Ne/ ns/ r[opkDh dhnK g'EhnK d/ nZr/ fgZS/
v/o/dko ;kXK dhnK c'N'nK ns/ tfuZso p/f;o g?o dhnK ejkDhnK SkghnK
rJhnK jB. r[opkDh B{z frDshnK ftu gVBk ftP/P EktK s/ p?m e/
gVBk, ubhj/ eZND tKr jm eow eoB/, nkw ihtB ftu ns/ v/o/dkoh
fbysK ftu ;G fwbd/ jB. v/o/dkoK dh e[{Vh gq;z;k ftu eJh eJh gzB/
ekb/ ehs/ j'J/ fwbd/ jB. fJjBK r[ows fto'Xh wBwsh eowK fto[ZX,
edh e'Jh j[ewBkwk ikoh BjhA ehsk frnk. eh iE/dkoK B{z fJj gkyzv
ikb Bio BjhA nkT[Adk < go feT[A << HHHHH
n;zs[ nBkVh ed/ B p{M?.. eEBh eo? s? wkfJnk Bkfb M{M?.. (1160)
;zB 1984 ftu ;w/A dh gqXkB wzsoh fJzdok rKXh B/, ;ko/ e"wh s/
e"wKsoh fB:wK B{z g?oK j/m wX'bfdnK, gktB ;qh dopko ;kfjp ns/ j'o
pj[s ;ko/ r[odtkfonK s/ c"ih jwbk eotk fdZsk. nDfrDs pZu/ p[ZY/,
wkJh GkJh p/d'P/ gzuw r[od/t dk r[og[op wBkT[D nkJ/, pVh p/ofjwh
Bkb w"s d/ xkN T[sko fdZs/ rJ/. fJ; x'o nBoE s'A pkd, gzdoK ;kb
sZe, dopko ;kfjp dh Bkekpzdh ojh. doPB eoB nkJ/ PoXkb[{nK B{z,
jo o'i sbkPhnK b? e/ ibhb ehsk iKdk fojk. fJ; no;/ d"okB e[M
f;ofco/ ;oekoh e?N (ny"sh ykVe{) dopko ;kfjp d/ nzdo s/ pkjo
gzE fto'Xh ns/ wB[Zysk fto'Xh Bhu joesK eod/ oj/. g[fb;h XkVK
ykVe{tkd B{z ysw eoB d/ Bkw j/m f;Zy B"itkBK dk fdB oks fPeko
eod/ oj/. nwho f;ZyK dh XzB ;zgsh b[ZNd/ oj/. Bhusk dhnK ;G jZdK
gko eoe/, phphnK B{z p/gs eod/ oj/. fco"shnK b?D tk;s/ w[zfvnK B{z
nrtk eoe/, B'NK dhnK gzvK pzBd/ oj/HHHHHHHH. fJj I[bw dk sKvt Bku
fpBK o[e/, gzdoK ;kb sZe ubdk fojk. fJ; ;w/A gzi ;kb sZe gzikp dk
wZ[y wzsoh f;Zy Peb tkbk s/ f;Zy nytkT[D tkbk p/nzs f;zx ;h. fi;
(238)
d/ j[ew Bkb f;Zy e"w dh B;b e[Ph P[o{ ehsh rJh. d{ik tZvk d?As f;Zy
Peb tkbk, g[fb; dk w[yh ;h e/HghHn?;H frZb. fi; dh ewKv ftu
brgr d' bZy B"itkBK B{z fpBK e;{o dZ;/, M{m/ g[fb; w[ekpb/ ftyke/, e'j
e'j e/ wkfonk frnk. f;Zy ;{osK tkb/, j'o Gh S'N/ tZv/ nc;o, EK EK
skfJBks ;B, s/ f;Zy gzE dk y{B vheK bk e/ gh oj/ ;B. wksk fgsk
dhnK nKdoK G?DK d/ fgnko/, ;[jkrDK d/ f;o d/ ;kJhA, wk;{wK d/ ;jko/,
B"itkBK B{z G[ZyhnK wZShnK dk ykik pDkT[Ad/ oj/. nDgSks/ rodkB e/,
f;Zy i[nkBh B{z bKp{ bkT[Ad/ oj/. HHHHH s/ gzE d/ ;fseko:'r iE/dko,
u{fjnK tKr, y[ZvK ftu dV/ p?m/ oj/. i[bw dh jB/oh nZr/ fjZe skD e/ nV
yb'Dk sK fes/ fojk, j' oj/ i[bwK fto[X i[pkB sZe BK y'jb ;e/. wB[Zysk
s'A fro/ j'J/ ekb/ ekoBKw/ eoB tkfbnK fto[ZX, j[ewBkwk o{gh sho BK
ubk ;e/. go nfijk feT[A < feT[A << HHHHH
egV[ o{g[ ;[jktDk Sfv d[BhnK nzdfo iktDk..
wzdk uzrk nkgDk nkg/ jh ehsk gktDk.. (470)
(fJ; ekbh p'bh jB/oh oks ftu i/ e'Jh feoB ftykJh fdzdh
ojh ;h T[j ;h ;fseko:'r ;kpek iE/dko ;qh nekb sys wPj{o
gqukoe, gq'c?;o doPB f;zx ih ykb;k. go pV/ d[Zy dh pks j?, j{V
ws ykVe{nK ns/ ;oekoh J/iz;hnK B/, fJjBK B{z y[b e/ ezw Bk eoB
fdZsk, nzs fsnkr gZso d/ e/ bKG/ j' rJ/)
nihs f;zx ;zX{ Bkw dk g[fb; nc;o, gkg dh p/Vh ftu nfijk
;tko j'fJnk fe T[; B/ who wzB{z tkb/ i[bwK B{z Gh wks eo fdZsk. f;Zy
rGo{nK B{z, fpBK e;{o s'A uZ[e fbikDk, wB[Zysk s'A fro/ j'J/ EoV fvroh
s;hj/ d/D/, T[jBK d/ ;pzXhnK s'A w[zv/ dh ikB pyPh bJh w'NhnK oewK
pN'oBhnK. fJjBK cV/ B"itkBK B{z y[d sVcd/ ftbed/ t/yDk. x'N/
bkT[D/, fpibh d/ eozN SZvD/, bZsK gkV d/DhnK, r[gs nzr s/ ;ZNK
wkoBhnK, r[dk ftu fwouk Go d/DhnK HHHHH fJ; d/ P[rb dk fjZ;k ;B.
w'J/ iK nXw'J/ w[zfvnK B{z u[Ze e/ dfonk ftu ;[ZN wZShnK dh y[oke pDk
d/Dk iK nDgSks/ nky e/ bKp{ bk d/Dk. f;odko i;tzs f;zx ykbVk,
(239)
fJ; ekb/ d"o ftu fJZe o"PB fuokr pD, f;o s/ eZcD pzB e/,
;oekoh dfjPs dk GKvk ;z;ko d/ b'eK dh eufjoh ftu GzBD tk;s/,
ekB{zBh ftXh B{z jfEnko pDk e/, db/oh Bkb T[Gfonk. T[; :'X/ B/
2500 nDgSks/ nky e/ ;kV fdZs/ rJ/ B"itkBK dh gSkD eo bJh,
xo gs/ bG bJ/. j'o 25000 nDgSkfsnK B{z gSkBD tk;s/ fdB
oks fJZe eo fdZsk. e;kJhnK dk o{g Xko u[e/, g[b;hnK B{z BZE
gkT[D bJh gzikp s/ jfonkDk jkJh e'oN ftu nghb ehsh. ;[DtkJh
Bk j'Jh. T[gzqzs Gkos dh ;otT[FZu ndkbs ;[gqhw e'oN ftu, ;p{sK
;fjs ;kok e/; g/P ehsk. gV ;[D e/, fJB;kBh dod oZyD tkb/ iZi
;kfjpkB dk fjodk ezp frnk. T[jBK gzikp ftu tkgo oj/ tfjPh
ekfonK B{z, f;ZyK dh B;b e[Ph nkfynk. fJjBK i[bwK dh ;hHphHnkJhH
okjhA iKu eoB d/ nkd/P d/ fds/. d'Ph gkJ/ ikD tkb/ g[b;hnK ftoZ[X
s[ozs w[eZdw/ doi eoB bJh fejk. ;qL i;tzs f;zx ykbVk ih d/P
ftd/P ftu, wB[Zyh nfXekoK d/ oky/ ti'A, pVh s/ih Bkb T[Go/. e"wKsoh
iE/pzdhnK B/ T[jBK B{z ;fseko ;fjs ngDh w?ApofPg d/D dhnK g/PePK
ehshnK. go fJXo ;koh dh ;koh g[fb; dh uzvkb u"eVh ezp T[mh. gJh
i/ ykbVk fJ;/ soK god/ ck; eodk fojk sK pj[s/ g[b;hJ/ cK;h bZr
ikDr/, s/ ofjzd/ i/jbK ftu ;V woBr/. w[Zy wzsoh p/nzs f;zx dh
;fjwsh Bkb ;qL i;tzs f;zx B{z nuBu/sh uZ[e fbnk frnk. e/HghHn?;HfrZb
dh jkioh ftu, nihs f;zx ;zX{ s/ T[; dh p[ZuV N'bh B/, ykbVk ih B{z
p/nzs s;hj/ fds/. ngD/ ezw s'A jN ikD bJh ns/ g[fb; w[yh e/HghHn?;HfrZb
d/ g?ohA g? e/ w[nkch wzrD bJh wip{o ehsk frnk. T[; P/o wod s/ fe;/
s;Zdd dk e'Jh n;o Bk j'fJnk. nkgDh ;'u s/ T[j fjwkbk gops tKr
nv'b ofj e/ vfNnk fojk. ;ko/ ewhB/ jEezv/ tos e/ Gh id'A T[; B{z
M[ekfJnk Bk ik ;fenk sK T[; B{z Gh nDgSkshnK bkPK ftu Pkwb eoe/
fpnk; dfonk dhnK G[ZyhnK wZShnK nZr/ ;[ZN fdZsk frnk. gzikp g[fb;
B{z GkiVK g[nk d/D tkbk, gzikp ;oeko dh BhAdo jokw eo d/D tkbk,
;[gohw e'oN ns/ Gkos ;oeko B{z fjbk e/ oZy d/D tkbk d[BhnK Go d/
(240)
wB[Zyh nfXeko d/ nbzpodkoK tZb'A Gkos ;oeko B[z{ p/fJZis s/ ibhb
eotkT[D tkbk, ;qLi;tzs f;zx ih ykbVk, N[eV/ N[eV/ eoe/ wZShnK nZr/
;[ZN fdZsk frnk. gzi/ f;zx ;fjpkB ngDhnK T[FZuhnK gftZso gdthnK
s/, Xow ;[y wkDd/ oj/. tZv/ fJeZmK ftu ngD/ i?eko/ brtkT[Ad/ oj/, jko
gtkT[Ad/ oj/, f;ZyK dh ;{owrsh d/ ;'fjb/ rkT[Ad/ oj/. ;[nkdh G'iB
frohnK pdkw SZed/ oj/, vBbZg d/ rZfdnK dk b[sc T[mkT[Ad/ oj/. Bkw
igd/ oj/ Bkw igkT[Ad/ oj/. i[bw fto[ZX nV yb'Dk sK do feBko “ngD/
e'wb j'mK ftu'A, gftZso w[ykofpzd okjhA, fto'X dk e'Jh gotuB Gh Bk
T[uko ;e/.” p/nzas f;zx , e/ gh n?; frZb, nihs f;zzx ;zX{ tor/ gosZy
fdZ; oj/ f;Zy i[nkBh dk xkD eoB tkb/ wB[Z\sk d/ d[PwDK d/ fto[Z X Gh
j[ew Bkwk ikoh eoB bZr/ fJjBK B{z g;hB/ S[ZN gJ/.
ikT[ sT[ gqw y/bD ek ukT[.
f;o[ Xfo sbh rbh w/oh nkT[.. (1412)
dk gkm gVkT[D tkfbnK dhnK bZsK ezpD bZr gJhnK, w"s dh fGnkBesk
nZr/ r[zr/ pD rJ/. wjkB :'X/ r[o{ jfo r'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh wjkB Pesh
dhnK NKjok wkoB tkb/ vo vo e/ nzdo b[Ze rJ/, nypkoh fpnkB Gh
fBvosk Bkb Bk d/ ;e/. G'bh f;Zy ;zrs B[{z “ GkDk wzBD dk Xow T[gd/P
d/d/ oj/. go feT<<
wkD; ykD/ eofj fBtki.. S[oh torkfJfB fsB rfb skr..
;ow Xow dk v/ok d{fo.. BkBe e{V[ ofjnk Gog{fo..(471)
i{B 84 ftu dopko ;kfjp s/ i' efjo, Gkos ;oeko B/ c'o;K
okjh Ykfjnk esbkw j'fJnk fJ; ekb/ eko/ d/ ;pzX ftu, gZe/ ;p{s
w"i{d jB fe fJj gkg, nekbh bhvoK dh ;fjwsh Bkb j'fJnk. pkpk
ioB?b f;zx dhnK Bhshnk Bkb Gkt/A e'Jh g[{oh soK ;fjws Bk Gh j't/,
go fJZe rZb gZEo s/ beho tKr ;jh j?, fe T[j fJjBK p/JhwkB, Xow
d/ d[PwD e"w xkse, nekbh bhvoK dhnK wekohnK B{z X[o nzdo sZe
ikDdk ;h jo o'I fJjBK d/ Bt/A s' Bt/A co/ph fujfonK B{z f;Zy irs dh
y[Zbh eufjoh ftu Bzfrnk eodk ;h. fJ; y[d roi ftekT{ N'b/ B{z T[j,
(241)
jo edw s/ gSkV fojk ;h. fJj gzE d'yh bhvo, fJzdok nKNh d/ uoBK
ftu p?m e/ G[ZphA o'J/. pkpk ih pko/ fjzd{ gq?; Bkb'A nZr/ tXe/ fJbIkw
bkJ/. fJ; w[zv/ (ioB?b f;zzx) B{z ;pe f;ykT[D bJh sob/ b?Ad/ oj/.
;oekoh i[ZshnK uZND tkbh ekfJo N'bh jh, fJzdok nKNh B{z ok; nkT[Adh
;h. T[; nfij/ jkbks g?dk ehs/ fe nZr pb gJh. nekbh bhvofPg
T[; nZr ftu c{eK wkod/ oj/, jtk fdzd/ oj/. gzikp ;oeko fJ; nZr
bJh s/b d/ N?Aeo G/idh ojh. g[fb; tkb/ pb ojh Gpke/ dko nZr s/
p/d'P/ f;ZyK dk r';s G[zBd/ oj/. f;Zy gqtkoK d/ xo t?D j'o T[Zu/ ;[DkJh
d/D bZr/. phphnK d/ jT[e/ pZfunK dhnK uheK nkekP sZe ;[DkJh d/D
bZrhnk. pI[orK dhnK ;c/d dkjVhnK, g[ZN e/ g?oK ftu wX'bhnK rJhnK.
;kv/ f;zx ;fjpkBK dh ipkB mkeh rJh, f;nkjh iw rJh, ebwK N[ZN
rJhnK. wzd eos{sK eoe/ gzikp B{z pbdh d/ p[ZE/ d/D tkb/ nekbh bhvoK
fto[ZX e'Jh j[ewBkwk ikoh Bk ehsk frnk feT[A < feT[A feT[A <<
i/ wkT[A g[Zs? ft;[ d/ fs; eT[D fgnkok.
p/Vh v'p? gksDh feT[ gkfo T[skok.. Gkr[^35$22
dopko ;kfjp s/ jwb/ d/ e[M jh fdBK nzdo, Gkos d/ okPNogsh
frnkBh i?b f;zx, nzfwqs;o nkJ/. T[jBK j'Jh phsh nkgD/ prbrhoK s'
;[Dh. EK EK wB[Zyh y{B d/ SZgV t/y/, ;o'to dk ib ;fVnKd wkodk
gqshs j'fJnk. wB[Zyh wk; d/ uhEV/ uko/ pzB/ fybo/ t/y/.
;qh nkekb sys ;kfjp dh PkBk wZsh fJwkos Yfj Y/oh ehsh ik
u[Zeh ;h. dopko ;kfjp ftu 300 s' tZX r'bhnK d/ fBPkB gqZsy Bio nk
oj/ ;B. f;Zy o?co?A; bkfJp/oh ns/ j'o nB/e fJwkosk, G;wK G{s j'
u[Zehnk ;B, s/ jkbh sZe T[jBK ftu nZr ;[brdh fdZ; ojh ;h. efjzd/
jB okPNo gsh d/ fgZS/ T[jBK d/ ;/te, SZsoh b? e/ uZb oj/ ;B. frnkBh
i?b f;zx B/, nekb sys ;kfjp d/ iZE/dko B{z ;Zde/ io{oh ikDekoh b?Dh
ukjh. iZE/dko GkJh feqgkb f;zx, okPoNogsh B{z ykb;k gzE Bkb tkgo/
efjo pko/ e[M Bk d; ;e/. w"s d/ G? B/ nk x/fonk, o{j ezp T[FZmh.
neb dk iBkik fBefbnk goshs j'fJnk, id'A iZE/dko p'bD bZfrnk ^
(242)
okPNogsh ;kfjp nBoE j' frnk, dopko ;kfjp dh wfonkdk dk s[;hA
xkD eo fdZsk. feT[Afe s[;h gqeowk ftu SZsoh b? e/ i[ nkJ/ j'. s[jkv/
Bkb uZb oj/ ;/te g?oK ftu i[Zsh gfjB e/ i[ nkJ/ jB. gftZso wfonkdk
ysw j' rJh. iE/dko dh ekfJosk sd'A nk;wkB sZe gorN j'Jh t/yh
rJh, id' T[;B/ dopko ;kfjp ftu spkjh pko/ e'Jh rZb w{zj'A Bk eZYh.
gzuw r[od/t d/ Pjhdh r[og{op tkb/ fdB, wk;{wK d/ j'J/ xkD dh ejkDh
Bk ;[Dk ;fenk. p; fJZe d' pueBk rZbK iE/dko B/ ehshnk okPNogsh
SZsoh b? e/ gfoewk ftu i[ZshnK ;w/s nk rJ/, fJ; bJh wonkdk Gzr
j' rJh. Iok ;'u' ` i/ c"ih i[Zshnk bkj e/ wk;{wK dk fPeko eod/, sK
fJj gftZsosk tkbK ezw pD ikDk ;h < ny/ ih c"ih gftZso ;o'to ftu'
wZShnK cV cV yKd/ oj/. eh wB[Zyh fizdrh Bkb' wZShnK dh ikB tZX
ehwsh ;h < nfij/ Bk nfjb ftnesh B{z iE/dko pD/ ofjD dk nfXeko
j' ;edk j? < go T[j iE/dko pfDnk fojk nkgDh w"s sZe. okPNogsh
B/ wfonkdk s'Vh ;h fco T[; fto[ZX j[ewokBK feT[A Bk eZfYnk frnk <
Gkos ;oeko Bkb' s'V ftS'V/ tk;s/, Gkosh c"iK Bkb'A ;pzX ysw eo b?D
tk;s/ e'Jh nkd/P Bjh eZfYnk frnk, go feT[ < feT[ feT[A <<
e[{V[ p'fb w[odko ykfJ.. ntoh B' ;wMktfD ikfJ..
w[mk nkfg w[jkJ/ ;kE?.. BkBe n?;k nkr{ ikg?.. (140)
fJ; eko/ s'A s[ozs pkd fJzdok rKXh, dopko ;kfjp ftu wro
wZS d/ jzM{ e/oB tk;s/ gj[zuh. iE/dkoK B{z p[bk e/ wfonkdk ukb{ eoB
tk;s/ fejk. fe;/ iE/dko ftu fJBh db/oh BjhA ;h fe T[j dopko
;kfjp ftu j'J/ wB[Zyh xkD pko/, f;Zy ;wki dh ;KMh wkBf;e ghV B{z
goXkB wzsoh nZr/ fpnkB eo ;e/. ;r'A NhHthH ns/ nypkoK tkfbnK B{z
fJjh r[wokj e[B fpnkB fdzd/ oj/ fe dopko ;kfjp e'mk ;kfjp fpbe[b
mhe jB. Bk G? fdU Bk G? ykT[ d/ dwri/ wkoB tkb/ X[o nkswk sZe G?
rq;s j' e/, wB[Zyh xkD dk fIeo Bk eo ;e/. ib pb oj/ fdb ftu'A e'Jh
Gyd/ j'J/ ;{j/ nzfrnko tork p'b Bk fBefbnk. c"i dh tfjPhnkBk y{z
o/ih pko/, fJZe nZyo Gh goXkB wzsoh B{z Bk nky ;e/. dopko ;kfjp
(243)
d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ ofj oj/ b'eK s/, c"i tZb'A ehs/ i[bwK pko/ jkb gkjfonk
Bk eo ;e/. goeowk ftu gqtkoK ;w/s ofj oj/ b'eK dh c"ihnK tZb'A e[ZN
ns/ b[ZN pko/ r[zr/ pD/ yb's/ oj/. fJZe' oN bkJh ik oj/ ;B^“ wfonkdk
Gzr j' rJh, phph ih feogk eoe/ S/sh s'A S/sh wfonkdk ukb{ eotk fdU
s[jkvk pj[s T[geko j't/rk ”. nKNh fJzdok dopko ;kfjp s/ ehs/ rJ/
jwb/ d/ fJti ftu, iE/dkoK d/ jZE ftu ehosB o{gh S[DS[Dk cVk rJh.
p; fco eh ;h, iE/dko wkB' y[Ph ftu yht/ j' e/ M{wD bZr gJ/. fJj
S[DS[Dk 10$6$84 s'A ibzXo o/vhU okjhA ;t/o/ 4 ti/ s'A 6 ti/ sZe ehosB
ohb/n d/ f;ZX/ gq;koD okjhA SDeD bZr fgnk. iE/dko ngD/ nj[d/ dh
T[FZusk nB[;ko tes s/ yo/ Bk T[FZso ;e/. oki;h b'eK tZb'A T[bMh skDh
Xkowe ftnesh ;[bMk b?Ad/ jB, go nc;';, fJE/ Xowh jh BjhA ;B
PkfJd. toBk ngD/ Xow dh gkbDk eod/, r[o{ d/ do s'A ykXk Bwe
jbkb eod/. ikbwK fto[ZX j[ewBkwk s/ fes/ fojk fJZe nZyo Gh T[uko
Bk ;e/. feT[A <HHfeT[A<<HHHHHHHH
uVe? x'VV? e[zd/ geVfj y[zvh dh y/Ykoh..
jz;k ;/sh fus T[bk;fj e[eV dh T[vkoh.. (322)
dopko ;kfjp gqh;o ns/ j'o ukbh r[odtkfonK ftu'A, i' e[M
tXhnk BIo nkfJnk ;oekoh vke{nK (c"ihnK) B/ b[ZN fbnk. r[o{ ehnK
r'beK ;'Bk, uKdh, jho/ itkjoks, eZgV/ GKv/, fJZis nkpo{ s/ o{g, ;G
e[M wX'b o'b fdZsk frnk. jikoK wkJh GkJh Pjhd j' rJ/. jikoK iywh
iK ;dk tk;s/ ngzr j' rJ/, pj[s ;kfonK B{z frqcsko eoe/ wkfonk
frnk, s;hj/ fds/ rJ/, gkDh dh p{zd p{zd bJh so;kfJnk frnk. d{o B/V/
dhnK i/bK ftu s{V fdZsk frnk. bzw/ no;/ sZe cV/ rJ/ f;y, n"osK
wodK dh fes/ cfonkd Bjh ;[Dh rJh. d{i/ pzB/ d[PN nkswk e"w xkse,
f;Zy bhvoK dk tkb ftzrk BjhA j'fJnk. T[jBK B{z g{oh fjckis Bkb,
r?;N jkT{;K ftu g[uk fdZsk frnk. ;kohnK ;[y ;j{bsK w[jZJhnk eotk
fdZshnK rJhnK. fJjBK gzE d'yhnK B/, Gkos ;oeko Bkb nzdoyks/,
nZy wNZek y/YDk P[o{ eo fdZsk. ;wM"sk eo b?D s/ gzikp dk oki Gkr
(244)
;KG b?D tor/ N[efVnK s/ bkbK ;[ZND bZr gJ/. fJjBK bhvoK dh ;{M
;woZEk s/ feodko dh v{zxh Ekj gk b?D s'A pkd, fJZe ;kb d/ no;/ s'A
gfjbK jh fJjBK B{z fojk eo fdZsk frnk. b[et/A sohe/ fJjBK dhnK
w[bkeksK ubdhnK ojhnK. fJjBK r[gs fwbDhnK d/ roG ftu'A ‘okiht,
b"Ar'tkb ;wM"s/ o{gh pZu/ B/ iBw fbnk. fJ; e[u/PNk Goh fbyk gVh B{z
wjkB fJfsjk;e ;wM"sk rodkB e/, ;zx gkV gkV e/ rrB wzvbK sZe
T[Skfbnk frnk. ngD/ pfunK d/ eksbK Bkb fpBK e[M Gh gqkgs ehs/,
pVh YhmskJh Bkb :koh rzY bJh. v[Zb/ y{B dk w[Zb Gh BK tZN ;e/. ;qh
nekb sys ;kfjp dh Pjhdh dh ehws Gh BK t;{b ;e/. fJjBK
y[droi ns/ e"w xkse iE/dkoK fto[ZX, f;zx ;kfjp tZb'A fusktBh
Gfonk j[ewBkwk ikoh j'Dk ukjhdk ;h. gzE dh fgZm ftZu S[ok wkoB dh
bhvoK B{z eokoh ;Ik fwbDh ukjhdh ;h. nzdoyks/ i' eVQh x'b e/ f;Zy
e"w B[z{ r[wokj ehsk frnk ;h, T[; pko/ ;g;NheoD wzrD/ ukjhd/ ;h.
go nfijk Bjh j'fJnk. go feT[A< feT[A<< HHHH
dkBz gok g{o p/D G[uz s/ wjhgs/..
fpgohs p[:z wkos b'ej BkBe fuozekb d[y G'rs/.. (1359)
fJ; e[uhbsk Go/ okiht b"Ar'tkb ;wM's/ d/ roG ftu'A, poBkbk
;oeko o{gh ngzr pZu/ B/ iBw fbnk. fJ; pZu/ B{z tXdk c[bdk t/yD s'A
gfjbK jh bkv bvkT[D d/ ukn, wB d/ nzdo jh b? e/ pkpk jouzd f;zx
;z;ko s'A ftdk j' frnk. okiht, fJ; pZu/ B[z{ p/p;h ftu izfwnK ;wM e/
fgZSk S[vkT[D bJh ekjbk ;h. fJ; soQK fJj gzikp ;oeko o{gh pZuk g"D/
e[ d' ;kb dh pkb nt;Ek ftu jh eZuh T[wo/ wVhnK d/ okj N[o frnk.
fJ; poBkbk ;oeko o{gh ;oekoh pZu/ B/, eZuh ;'u Bkb b'eK dh u[Ze
ftu nk e/, w[V s'A dopko ;kfjp s/ Xktk p'b fdZsk. r'bhnK tohnK,
p/ndph j'Jh, ykVe{ cV/ rJ/. fJ; jwb/ Bkb fJzdok nKNh tZb'A ehs/ rJ/
Bhbk skok jwb/ B{z, ikfJI mfjok fdZsk frnk. w[y wzsoh ;[oihs f;zx
poBkbk B{z ukbh fdBK tk;s/ tZy' ty r[odtkfonK ftu, fJ; ngokX
pdb/ GKv/ wKiD, i'V/ MkVB dh ;/tk bkJh rJh. dopko ;kfjp ;w{j
(245)
ftu'A cV/ rJ/ ;ko/ ykVe{ gVskb eoB s/ ;oekoh e?N (n;b ftu
g[fb;hJ/) fBeb/. ekbh roi jwb/ dk ebze, f;Zy w[Zy wzsoh d/ wZE/ s/
g/;N eo fdZsk. e/Ado ;oeko dh emg[sbh pDe/ Gkt/A poBkbk ih B/
ngD/ jh e/Adoh Xow n;EkB s/, jwbk eoB tork pZio gkg Gh eo
fbnk, go fdZbh tkfbnK fco Gh fJ; ftuko/ s/ e'Jh so; BK ehsk.
fJ; eos{s s'A e[M jh ;w/A pkd, fpBK e[M gzikp iK f;ZyK tk;s/ gqkgsh
ehs/, poBkbk ;oeko B{z bKG/ trkj wkfonk. poBkbk ;oeko B{z BZE gk
e/ mhe okj N'oB tkbk e'Jh iE/dko ;kjwD/ BK nkfJnk. f;Zy fjZsK tkb/
GftZy ftu Gbk eoB tkb/, e'Jh c?;b/ Bk eotk ;fenk. gzikp d/ gkDh,
fpibh, okiXkBh, gzikp dh j'Jh spkjh dk w[nktik, f;ZyK d/ eksbK B{z
;iktK HHH. ;G w;b/ dcB j' rJ/ s/ iE/dko x{e rcbs dh BhAd ftu
;Z[s/ oj/, Bkw igd/ oj/, Xow s/ vN e/ gfjok fdzd/ oj/, gzE dh okyh
eoB dhnK pVeK wkod/ oj/.
nr'A d/ i/ u/shn? sK ekfJs[ fwb? ;ikfJ..
;kjK ;[ofs rtkJhnk ozfr swk;? ukfJ..
pkpopkDh fcfo rJh e[fJo[ Bk o'Jh ykfJ.. (417)
;zB 1982 ftu J/PhnB y/vK fdZbh fty/ j'JhnK. Gkos ;oeko
tZb'A f;ZyK Bkb ehshnK XZe/;kjhnK B{z, ;z;ko gZXo s/ ;[oyhnK ftu
fbnkT[D tk;s/ fdZbh ftu PKswJh o'; w[ikjo/ eoB dk n?bkB ehsk
frnk. fJzdok nKNh d/ fJPko/ s/, jfonkD/ dk w[Zy wzsoh GiB bkb,
g[b;h XkVK b? e/ f;ZyK d/ w"o eZ[ND nk frnk. f;Zy Peb tkbk, fe;/
gkoNh, fe;/ nj[d/ ns/ fe;/ fJbke/ dk ofjD tkbk j't/, jfonkD/ dh jZd
nzdo t/yfdnK jh ;ko/ ekB{BK B{z g?oK j/m wX'bfdnK, f;Zy j'D dh
nDwB[yh ;ik fdZsh rJh. f;ZyK B{z g[Zie/ ibhb ehsk frnk. x'o ngwkB
s'A pknd sob/ eotk e/, ;kwkB bZ[N e/ tkg; w[V ikD s/ wip{o ehsk
frnk. e[M jh ;w/A pkd, GiB bkb w[Zy wzsoh jfonkDk d/ ;Zd/ s/,
r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk, gqekP f;zx pkdb, poBkbk nkfd ;kok bkDk nzpkb/
fJZe ;oekoh o?;N jkT{; ftu, GiB bkb B{z fwfbnk. 1982 dhnK
(246)
J/PhnB y/vK pko/ o;wh fijk o'; gqrN ehsk s/ GiB bkb tZb'A w[nkch
wzr b?D s'A fpBK jh fJj bhvo T[; Bkb jZE fwbkT[Ad/ oj/, d[ZX ukj,
e"ch, fp;e[N, poch yKd/ oj/ s/ nzs GiB bkb dk w[bkeks bJh XzBtkd
eoe/ tkg; nk rJ/. f;ZyK dh fBvosk s/ ;{owrsh dhnK pVQeK wkoB
tkb/, ykb;k gzE Bkb ehs/ rJ/ ;owBke tosko/ pkps, GiB bkb B{z
“yok” fJZe bci sZe BK efj ;e/. f;ZyK d/ ewhD/ d[;wD, GiB bkb
Bkb fgnko ghAxK gkT[D tkb/ nekbh bhvoK B{z fe;/ iE/dko B/ eNfjo/
ftu yVk BK ehsk. b'eK dh eufjoh ftu, ehsh rJh wBw[Zysk pko/,
fe;/ iE/dko tZb'A itkp sbph BK ehsh rJh. f;zx ;kfjp ih dopko
;kfjp gqh;o ftu p?m e/ f;Zyh wfonkdk s/ gfjok fdzd/ oj/. ;/tk eod/
oj/, ;/tk eokT[Ad/ oj/< e'Jh j[ewBkwk , GiB bkb iK nekbh bhvoK
fto[ZX ikoh BK eo ;e/^ feT[< feT[ HHH<<.
cohdk pkfo gokfJn? p?;Dk ;KJh w[M? B d/fj..
i/ s{ J/t? oy;h ihT[ ;ohoj[ b/fj.. (;b'e ^ 42)
Pq'wDh nekbh db dh ;EkgBk ,f;ZyK dhnK oki;h T[wzrK dh
g[{osh fjZs, ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp s/ nodk; eotk e/ j'Jh. n?bkB
ehsk frnk fe nekb sys s/ gqtkB ufVnk nekbh db, f;Zy gzE d/
okiBhse fBPkB/ dh g{osh tk;s/ jo ;zGt :sB eodk oj/rk. fJ; d/
nj[d/dko, r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu B/e, goT[gekoh, ;kdrh tkbk, r[ow[yh
ihtB fpskT[Dr/. fJ; dk gqXkB ns/ j'o nj[d/dko, ofjstkB, fBsB/wh,
nzfwqsXkoh j'Dr/. nekbh db dk gqXkB dkjVk gqekP eoe/ oy/rk, fJj
puB nekbh db d/ ;zftXkBK ftu nzes jB. gfjbh rZb sK fJj fe
fJeZb/ gqekP f;zx pkdb B/, ngD/ fgZSbZrK d/ bkD/ s'A nzr{m/ brtk e/,
w'r/ d/ nekbh fJeZm ftu, nekbh db dk Bkw pdb e/ gzikph gkoNh eo
fdZsk frnk. fi; Bkw B{z nekb sys s/ ;theko ehsk frnk ;h, pVh
wBw[Zysk Bkb T[; B{z e[M ftneshnK tZb'A pdb fdZsk frnk. nekbh db
d/ pj[s ;ko/ nj[d/dko ;koh T[wo p/ nfwqzshJ/ jh fpsk rJ/. r[opkDh d/
B/fVU BK bzx/. fJjBK tZb'A Po/nkw xoK ftu s/ gkoNhnK$ftnkjK ftu
(247)
;okpK dhnK g/NhnK iK NoZe jh ygd/ oj/. fJjBK d/ pj[s/ gqtkoe w?Apo
f;Zyh s'A (e/;K eoe/) gfss t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. xoK ftu Po/nkw PokpK
dh tos'A j[zdh j?. nekb sys, ns/ r[opkDh B{z fgZm d/ e/ Gh fJj b'e
nekbh nytkT[Ad/ oj/, f;Zy gzE d/ wbkj pD/ oj/, tZvhnK e[o;hnK dk
oki ;[y wkDd/ oj/ HHH. s/ ;kv/ sysK d/ iE/dko fpZN fpZN sed/ oj/.
ipkB sZe BK y'jb ;e/, fe;/ bhvo B{z rbsh dk nfj;k; BK eotk ;e/
HHHH. e'Jh j[ewBkwk ikoh BK eo ;e/. go feT[< HHHHH<<
cohdk i/ s{ nefb bshc[ ekb/ fby[ B b/y[..
nkgBV/ frohtkB wfj f;o[ BhtK efo d/y[.. (;b'e ^ 6)
Pq'wDh r[odtkok gqpzXe ew/Nh, bzwh bVkJh ns/ f;oV f;de s'A
pkd, fGqPN wjzsK d/ epi/ ftu'A r[odtko/ w[es eoke/ gzEe gqpzX j/m
fbnkT[D tk;s/ ekw:kp j' rJh. P[o{ d/ e[M ;kbK ftu ekch ;[Xko ehs/
rJ/. ;zB 47 s'A pkd brksko gqpzX ftu fBxko nkT[Adk frnk. Bt/A o[{g
ozr tkb/ iE/pzde b'e ekB{Bh Ykb b? e/, r'beK dh pVh p/ofjwh Bkb
d[otos'A eoB bZr gJ/. fJ; ew/Nh dk ekoi y/so e/tb Xow sZe
;hws ;h, go fJ; d/ gqpzXeK B/, r'be d/ g?;/ d[nkok okiBhsh tZb
bbukJhnK BioK Bkb t/yDk P[o{ eo fdZsk. n;b fizw/Atkoh sK ;h
r[odtkfonK dh ;/tk ;zGkb, wfonkdk dh fJZe;kosk, r[ows d/ gquko
bJh wzr w[skpe gqukoe G/iD/, ftfdne b'VK dh g{osh tk;s/ ;e{b
ekbi y'jbD/ B"itkBK B{z g?oK s/ yV/ eoB bJh feZsk w[yh ndko/ ;Ekgs
eoB/, y/vK bJh ;kXB i[NkT[D/ s/ B"itkBK B{z fJ; gk;/ T[sPkjs eoBk.
fgzvK PfjoK ftu, r[ows bkfJpq/ohnK y'jbDhnK, f;Zyh gquko ns/ ;wki
B{z u/sBsk d/D bJh nypko o;kb/ g[;seK xo xo gZ[idhnK eoBhnK.
nX[fBe whvhJ/ dh tos'A eofdnK, gzEe ;'u tkbhnK nkvhU thvhU
e?;NK fsnko eotk e/, r[owfs frnkB tZv/ gZXo s/ tzvDk. fiZE/ fes/
e'Jh f;Zy gqtko w[Peb ftu j't/, T[;dh T[fus ;jkfJsk eoBh. r[opkDh
ns/ j'o r[ows ;kfjs d[BhnK dhnK gqw[Zy p'bhnK ftu Sgtke/, tZv/
g?wkB/ s/, d/P ftd/P ftu g[Zidk eoBk. ekbiK :{Bhtof;NhnK d/ foNkfJo
ftdtkBK dhnK ;/tktK b? e/, fJZe ;bkjeko (fEze NA?e) p'ov ;Ekgs
(248)
eoBk. gzE dh uVdh ebk tk;s/ GftZyw[yh jo soK d/ gqki?eNK s/
brksko ;'u ftuko eoBh HHH. nc;';, pj[s pj[s ;q'wDh ew/Nh ;zrsK
tZb'A G/Nk ehsh wkfJnk B{z, p/ofjwh Bkb popkd eoB s'A f;tkJ/ e[M BjhA
eo ;eh. xZN' xZN Xow gquko e/tb ekriK sZe ;hws j?, nwbh s"o s/
fes/ BjhA. pj[GkPh nypko o;kb/ Bjh eZY ;eh HHH s/ ;qh nekb sys
d/ iE/dko (g'qL do;B f;zx s'A S[N) BK y[d gquko eo ;e/ BK ew/Nh B{z
ngD/ coiK dh gSkD eotk ;e/. i/ ew/Nh tkb/ pjkB/ pkIhnK eod/
gqshs j[zd/ ;B, sK ;w/A f;o iE/dkoK B/ j[ewBkfwnK dh tos'A feT[A BK
ehsh< fJj feT[A cohi j' rJ/< fJjBK wBw[yK B{z coiK dh gSkD eokT[D
tk;s/ feT[A j[ew dh tos'A BjhA ehsh rJh< feT[<< HHHHH
cohdk fiBQh ezwh Bkfj r[D s/ ewV/ ft;kfo..
ws[ ;ofwzdk EhtJh ;kJh d? dopko.. (;b'e ^ 59)
pj[s bzw/ ;w/A s'A r[o{ xoK B{z, oki;h bkjk b?D tk;s/ tofsnk ik
fojk j?. okiBhsh Gh nfijh, fi; ftu'A jZe ;Zu fBnK dh wfje nkT[D
dh EK b[ZN y;[ZN X'ykXVh nkfde ftekoK dh ;fVnKd wkodh j?. Xow B{z
oki;h nj[dk b?D bJh gT[Vh tKr tofsnk ik ;edk j?. ;q'wDh ew/Nh d/
pj[s/ w?Apo g?o g;kod/ j'J/ oki;h e[o;h s/ ik fpokid/ jB, ns/ Xow
Bkb drk ewk iKd/ jB. pj[sh tkoh d'jo/ nj[d/ Gh jfEnk b?Ad/ jB.
fit/A n?;H ihH ghH ;hH dh w?Apoh Gh s/ Bkb'A Bkb n?wH n?bH J/H iK n?wH
ghH Gh. j'o pj[fsnK dh rZb i/ BK Gh eohJ/ sK n?;H ihH ghH ;hH d/ bzw/
;w/A sZe oj/ gqXkB ;qH r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk gqXkBrh d/ Bkb Bkb 1977
ftu n?wH ghH pD/. d[pkok c/o HHHeJh gkgV t/b e/ oki ;Gk d/ w?Apo
pD/. gzikp dh okiBhsh s'A ngD/ nkg B{z edh tZy Bk eo ;e/. gzikp dk
w[y wzsoh pDB dk ;[gBk ;dk nZyK ftu bNedk fojk, go nB/e Pkso
ukbK ubD d/ pkti{d, fJj fjo; g{oh BK j'Jh. f;ZX/ ;kd/ PpdK ftu
fejk ik ;edk j? fe fJZe Xow dh gftZso gqw[Zy e[o;h s/ p?m e/ ;/tk
eoB dh EK, okiBhsh d/ rzd ftu jh ;dk u[GhnK bkT[Ad/ oj/. oki;h
fJeZmK w'ofunK s/ i/jbK GoB ftu gqXkB ih w'joh oj/. oki;h b'eK d/
fJeZmK ftu X{znK^Xko seohoK eod/ oj/, d/P ftd/P ftu'A oki;h ezwK
(249)
tk;s/ uzd/ Gh fJeZm/ eod/ oj/. b'V g?D s/ r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk nekb
sys s'A pkrh, nkg' ngDh tyoh wfonkdk s/ ubD tkb/ ;kX bkD/ Bkb
;KM fGnkbh Gh gk ;edk j?. gzE d'yh Bebh fBozekohnK d/ GtBK ftu
ik e/, jE i'V e/ T[jBK s'A t'NK Gh wzr ;edk j? s/ f;o'g/ Gh b? ;edk j?.
i/ fJjBK ewhDhnK ukbK s'A toiD dk jhnk eo/ sK Xow s/ okiBhsh
fJeZmh dk Yzv'ok Gh fgZN ;edk j?. ;ko/ ;z;ko ftu c?b/ f;Zy gzE dk w[y
;/tkdko pDe/, fsqgsh BjhA j'Jh, okiBhsh d/ fuZeV ftu'A ;[nkd nkT[Adk
j?. fJjBK gzMh shj ;kbK no;/ d"okB Xow gouko s'A fpBk, j'o ;G e[M
ehsk frnk j?. go fJjBK gzE d'yh ekoBK eoe/, fe;/ ew/Nh w?Apo iK
gqXkB B{z BZE gkT[D tk;s/, e'Jh f;zx ;kfjp BK fBsfonk. nekb sys
tZb'A fe;/ d/ fto[ZX j[ewBkwk o{gh s'g Bjh dkrh rJh. go nfijk
feT[HHHH< feT[<< HHHH
ekih j'fJ e? pj? fBnkfJ.. c/o/ s;ph eo/ y[dkfJ..
tYh b? e/ je rtkJ/.. i/ e' g[S? sk gfV ;[DkJ/.. (951)
;q'wDh ew/Nh d/ w?ApoK pko/ edh r[gs gVskb eotk t/yDh, pZu/
pZuhnK gfss sK MZN jh fdZ; g?Dr/, ;r'A E'e ftu BfPnK dh tos'A eod/
fwbDr/. y[d pj[s/ w?Apo Pokp nchw d/ nkdh jB. pj[s/ w?Apo pqkjwDh
eowekvK ftu roe j'J/ gJ/ jB. ew/Nh dk fJZe ;hBhno nkr{, pbpho
f;zx gzB{z :{H ghH ftu ew/Nh dh rZvh ftu ;tko j' e/ “Xkowe ekoiK”
tk;s/ frnk. T[Xo jh fGnkBe n?e;hv?AN ftu wkfonk frnk. fJ; dh
rZvh ftu'A, tzB ;[tzBh nzrq/ih Pokp dhnK g/NhnK fwbhnK. fJZe i[nkB
;[zdo bVeh Gh fJsokI:'r jkbs ftu, rZvh ftu'A fwbh. T[FZso gqd/P,
ns/ d/P d/ j'o ;ko/ nypkoK ftu fJ; ypo B{z gfjb/ gzfBnK s/ Skfgnk
frnk. fJ; PowBke eos{s ekoB f;Zy gzE dh p/jd Bw'Ph j'Jh. ;q'wDh
ew/Nh dk fJZe w?Apo, ;kX{ f;zx i' fe ehosBhnk Gh j?, G[Zeh ns/ nchw
d/ e/;K ftu fco'ig[o i/jb ftu pzd j?. pd/PK ftu'A wkfJnk fJeZso
eoBh s/ T[;dk fj;kp BK d/D dhnK ypoK sK pj[s frDsh w?ApoK pko/
SgdhnK jh ofjzdhnK jB, fJE/ sK sysK d/ iE/dko Gh fJjBK fJbIkwK
s'A w[es Bjh j' ;e/. iE/dkoK ftoZ[X gVskbhnk ew/NhnK Gh pDhnK go
(250)
ngD/ oki;h n;o o;{y Bkb, T[jBK ew/NhnK B{z goGktjhD eo fdZsk
frnk. Xkowe gfjoktk gfjB e/, Xkowe rZdhnK s/ fpoki e/ r[opkDh
dhnK fgnkohnK gzeshnK gVe/ jh b'eK B{z X'yk fdZsk ik ;edk j?. eh
fe;/ iE/dko B{z ngfDnk gokfJnk dh ypo BjhA< fco feT[A j[ewBkwk
o{gh sho fJjBK gkg eowK B{z o'eD tk;s/ ikoh BjhA ehsk frnk< go
feT[< <
s[w gfts gktB g[oy gqG ;[nkwh jw feT[A efo fwbfj i{mkoh..
jwo? ihn j'o[ w[fy j'o j's j? jw eowjhD e{fVnkoh..
jwoh w[dq Bkw[ jfo ;[nkwh fod nzsfo d[;N d[;Nkoh.. (528)
nekbh dbK dh dbdb B{z fJZe ;{so ftu go'D tk;s/ 1993 d/
nes{po ftu GkJh wBihs f;zx s/ r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk B/ r[o{ eh tvkbh
s'A nBzdg[o ;kfjp sZe “ykb;k wkou” dk gqpzX ehsk. p/nzs f;zx s/ e/H
ghH n?;H frZb tZb'A gzikp dh nekbh bhvofPg B{z r'bh dh dfjPs
d[nkok, nzdo b[e/ ofjD bJh wip{o eo fdZsk frnk ;h. nDfrDs f;Zy
fJjBK tZb'A, M{m/ w[ekpfbnK ftu ygk fds/ rJ/ ;B. ;KswJh g[o nwB
sohe/ ngDk o'; gqrN eoB i'rh ;woZEk Gh fe;/ e'b BjhA ;h. fJ;
dfjPs ns/ oki;h yV's B{z s'VB tk;s/, Xow d/ BK j/m, iE/dko ;qh
nekb sys tZb'A, nekbh dbK B{z cj[VhnK d/D tk;s/, ykb;k wkou
eZfYnk frnk. b'eK B{z Xow d/ ;jko/ xoK s'A pkjo fBebe/, gzE dh
uVdh ebk tkb/ Bkjo/ i?eko/ bkT[D dk nt;o fwfbnk. bhvoK B{z ;N/i
s'A p'bD dk w"ek fwfbnk, PoXktkBK B{z ;/tk eoB dk ;wK gqkgs j'fJnk.
bZyK b'eK fJ; “wkou” ftu Pkwb j' e/ nu/s o{g ftu r[bkwh B{z s'VB
dh e'fPP ehsh s/ pkjoh s"o s/ nekbh J/esk dk gqdoPB ehsk. fJ; dh
ekw:kph s'A pkr'A pkr j'J/ iE/dko ns/ y[Ph ftu yht/ j'J/ oki;h bhvo
c[b/ Bjh ;wk oj/ ;B. ;kfonK ;bkj eoe/ fJZe j'o “ykb;k wkou”
jfor'fpzdg[o s'A sbtzvh ;kp' sZe Gh eZY fdZsk. dwdwk ;kfjp fty/
fJjBK dh oki;h fdZy gVQd/ gkV e/ pkjo nk rJh, id'A oki;h b'eK
;N/i s/ epik Gh ehsk, ns/ y[bQ e/ oki;h GkPD Gh fdZs/. fJ; s'A pkd
sK wkB' nfij/ wkouK dk c?PB jh uZb fgnk. fJjBK fJeZmK ftu GkJh
(251)
wBihs f;zx dh ;G s'A fInkdk uVQ wZuh. nZr'A T[; ngDh skes wfj;{;
eoe/ fybo/ ns/ fJZe d{i/ d/ d[;wD pD/ j'J/ nekbh dbK dh J/esk dk
fizwk uZ[e fbnk. BKj B[eo eod/ j'J/, pkeh ;ko/ db fJZe j'Dk wzB rJ/
go gqekP f;zx pkdb B/ pjkB/pkih eoBh P[o{ eo fdZsh. id'A Gh whfNzr
tk;s/ nekb sys s/ ;Zfdnk iKdk sK pkdb edh c'B iK fe;/ J/buh
okjhA nkydk w?A fpwko jK. edh efjzdk w?A gzikp s'A pkjo jK tes f;o
gj[zu BjhA ;edk. id'A pj[s dpk g?D s/ pkdb nzfwqs;o g[Zfink sK d'
uko ;kEhnK Bkb BjhA ;r'A eohp 50000 bZmwko b'eK d/ ji{w Bkb
nkfJnk. iE/dko B/ id'A gzEe J/esk tkbk ckow[Zbk pkdb nZr/ ofynk
sK fJj jo jhb/ pjkB/ xV e/ Pkw d/ uko ti/ sZe Nkbdk fojk. nzs
pkdb B/ tZyo/ j' e/ ;kEhnK Bkb ;bkj eoe/, n?bkB eo fdZsk fe “w/ok
nekbh db fe;/ j'o db ftu Pkwb BjhA j't/rk. fi; fe;/ db B/ w/o/
db ftu Pkwb j'Dk j? T[j fpBK Pos ;kwb j' ikt/. fJj nkye/ pkdb
ns/ ;kEh nekb sys dcso ftu'A pkjo nk rJ/. fJ; d/ bZmwko ;kEh
ji{w B/, Bkjo/ bkT[D/, ;'o gkT[Dk, P[o{ eo fdZsk. ekoiekoh iE/dko
GkJh wBihs f;zx, pkjo nkfJnk ;h pkdb B{z wBkT[D tk;s/, go fJ;
d/ G{so/ j'J/ jwkfJshnK B/, Po/nkw nekb sys d/ ;Bw[Zy, dopko
;kfjp dhnK gqeowk ftu, iE/dko dk p/ T[Ve ngwkB ehsk. Bzrh
;pdktbh ftu rkbK eZYhnK. XZe/ w[ZehnK wkohnK, T[FZek jh p/Powh dh
jZd sZe ub/ rJ/. y[chnk g[fb; ns/ Nk;e c'o; tkfbnK B/ pVh id'
ifjd s'A pkd iE/dko B{z fJ; ji[{w ftu'A X{j e/ eZfYnk s/ MZN fJZe ewo/
ftu pzd eoe/ nZr/ nkg dhtko pD e/ yb' rJ/. ;ko/ pkdb jwkfJshnK
B{z g[fb; B/ r'bh ub ikD dh fusktBh d/ e/ ub/ ikD s/ wip{o eo fdZsk.
fJ; xNBk uZeo dhnK ;wekbh nypkoK rtkj jB. GkJh wBihs f;zx
B/ fJ; ngwkB B{z fwZmk f;jswzd gdkoE ;wMe/ gh fbnk. pkdb iK
T[;d/ bZmwko b'eK fto[ZX i[pkB sZe BK y'jbh. e'Jh nypkoh fpnkB Gh
BK fdZsk, j[ewBkwk ikoh eoBk sK d{o dh rZb ;h. go ;wK phsD s/
jkbks pdbD Bkb, iE/dko B/ pkdb Bkb fco B/Vsk gqkgs eo bJh.
fi;dh pd"bs id'A 1997 ftu gqekP f;zx, gzikp dk w[y wzsoh pfDnk
(252)
sK fJ; B[z{ Xkowe ;ogo;sh dh b'V wfj;{; j'Jh. Xkowe Ssoh d/D
tk;s/ GkJh wBihs f;zx gfjbK jh gZpK Gko j'fJnk fcodk ;h. d{ik gZy
fe wBihs f;zx dh “Xkowe ;ky” pj[s wip{s j' rJh. d't/A fJZe d{i/
d/ prbrho iK g{oe pD rJ/. fJ; “nfj;kB” pdb/ fco pj[s ;kohnK
w[;hpsK ftu'A pkdb B/ GkJh wBihs f;zx B{z n?B tes f;o pukfJnk.
eh j[ewBkw/ rohp f;ZyK B{z vokT[D tk;s/ jB< tZv/ b'eK tk;s/ e'Jh
j[ewBkwk BjhA j?< feT[< nfijk feT[<< HHHH
epho n?;k izs[ fJZe d/fynk i?;h X'Jh bky..
dh;? uzub pj[ r[Bk wfs jhBk Bkgke.. (gzBk ^
1271)
fJZe bzw/ no;/ s'A pknd 1997 ftu ;qH gqekP f;zx pkdb nekbh
db tZb'A gzikp dh rZdh s/ epik eo fbnk. fi; nZr d/ dfonk ftu'A
f;Zy bzx/ ;B, T[; B{z pko pko e[o/fdnk frnk. t'NK pN'oB tk;s/ Bhbk
skok xb{xkok, gzikp dh i[nkBh dk xkD, gzikp dhnK jZeh wzrK dh e/Ado
tZb'A em'osk Bkb ehsh rJh pjkB/pkIh, fdbh ns/ Gkos d/ j'o nB/e
y/soK ftu f;ZyK s/ Ykj/ rJ/ i[bwK B{z oZi e/ jtk fdZsh rJh. fJjBK gkgK
eoe/ e/Ado ftubh ssekbhB eKro; ;oeko B{z gkDh gh gh e'f;nk
frnk. i' ngD/ u'D wB'oE gZso ftu tkjd/ ehs/ rJ/, s/ T[jBK tkjfdnK
B{z jikoK tkoh e;wK yk e/ g{o/ eoB dh rZb ;zx gkV gkV e/ d[jokJh
rJh. w'N/ fij/ tkjd/ fJj ;B^
TH ykVe{tkd dh ndkbsh iKu eotk e/ d'PhnK g[b;hnK B{z ;Ik
fdnKr/.
nH ykVe{tkd d[jokB wko/ rJ/ ftneshnK d/ gqtkoK dh ;zGkb eoKr/.
JH f;Zy B"itkBK dh jo soQK ;zGkb eoKr/ o'Irko fdnKr/.
;H gzikp dk gkDh, gzikph p'bd/ fJbke/, gzikp dh okiXkBh uzvhrVQ
gzikp B{z b? e/ fdnKr/.
jH fGqPNkuko, foPtsy'oh B{z iV'A T[ykV fdnKr/.
eH p?oeK SZvD tkb/ Xowh c"ihnK d/ w[V t;/p/ dk gqpzX eoKr/ gzikp
ftu tZv/ ekoykB/ bktKr/, tgko B{z nkX[fBe bhjK s/ N'oKr/, y/sh
(253)
ftu BthA eoKsh fbnktKr/HHHnkfd nkfd. pV/ d[Zy Bkb fbyDk g?
fojk j? fe T[go tofDs rzGho w;fbnK B{z pkdb nekbh db B/,
wB' jh ft;ko fdZsk.
okirZdh s/ p?me/ b'eh s/ T[jBK d/ nDfrDs d[y, ;G ft;o rJ/.
e/Ado ftu GkJhtkb Gkosh izsk gkoNh B{z, nekbh Gok fpBk Pos
jwkfJs fdzd/ oj/. tZN/ ftu ngD/ p/N/ ;[ypho f;zx pkdb B{z e/Ado ftu
tiho pDkT[D s/ jh ;kok skD bkT[Ad/ oj/. gzikp dh e'Jh fJZe Gh pDdh
ikfJI wzr e/Ado e'b'A BK wBtk ;e/. ;r'A gzikp ns/ f;ZyK dhnK
fInkdshnK p/p;hnK, d[Zy dod ;G pVh p/ofjwh Bkb G[bk fdZs/, edh
i[pkB sZe BK y'jbh. go pfbjko ikJhJ/ ;kv/ gzEe p/V/ d/ wbkjK d/, e"w
d/ Xow w[yhnK d/ fiBQK gzikp d/ f;Zy wzsoh wzvb B{z coiK s'A ikD{z
eokT[D tk;s/, e'Jh j[ewBkwk ikoh Bk ehsk. nfijk feT[< feT[<<
Ek i' Bky{p pdsohi, tjh y{p j{nk,
fe r[bkwh w/ pdb iksk j? e"w'A ek Iwho. (eth fJepkb)
;qH e[bdhg f;zx Gkos dh ;otT[Zu ndkbs ftu fJZe ;fseko:'r
;hBhno iZi j[zfdnK, wBZ[ysk dh i' ;/tk eod/ oj/ T[j p/ fw;kb j?.
B"eoh s'A g?BPB gqkgsh s'A pkd id'A T[jBK t/fynk fe ftbed/ sVgd/
f;ZyK d/ iywK s/ fizBh e[ j' ;e/ wbQw bkJh ikt/. T[jBK id'A s;Zbh eo
bJh fe gzikp dk f;Zy wZ[y wzsoh gqekP f;zx pkdb, p/d'P/ f;ZyK d/ eksbK
B{z ;ik fdtkT[D s'A pVh p/ofjwh Bkb nZyK c/o frnk j?. ;r'A gkg eoB
tkfbnK dh g[;s gBkjh eo fojk j?. fe;/ jhb/ Gh id'A gzikp d/ d[yKs
dh gVskb eotkT[D s'A pkdb g{oh sok ftjo frnk sK fJ; B/e fJB;kB
;qH e[bdhg f;zx B/, nB/eK ysfonK dh gqtkj BK eofdnK, gZfbUA youk
eoe/, fBih fwbtosD s/ fJB;kBhns d/ Bks/, j'o pj[s ;ko/ wB[Zysk d/
dodh fJB;kBK B{z ngDh Nhw ftu ;kwb ehsk. ngD/ tZb'A ghgb
efwPB pDk e/ fgSbh ;oeko tZb'A fJB;kBhns d/ ehs/ rJ/ xkD dh
w[ZYA'A gVskb nkozG eo fdZsh. ghVs b'eK B{z nypkoK ftu tZv/ fJPfsjko
d/ e/ d[y dod nk e/ dZ;D bJh fejk. ;zGt ;p{sK ;fjs ngDh d[y Goh
dk;skB efw;B nZr/ oZy', n;hA sjkB{z fJB;kc d[nkT[D ftu wZdd
(254)
eoKr/. nro fe;/ tikj g[fb; tkfbnK Bkb Gh p/fJB;kch j'Jh j't/ T[j
Gh nk e/ fpBk fMie ngDk gZy g/P eo/. iZi ;kfjp B/ fJj Gh ;g;N
ehsk fe w?A ;oekoh ndkbsK dh pokpoh BjhA eo fojk, BK jh ;oeko
d/ iK ndkbsK d/ ezw ftu w/ok e'Jh dyb d/D dk fJokdk j?. go w?A Go/
wB Bkb efj fojk jK fe i' fJB;kc gzikp ;oeko B{z eoBk ukjhdk ;h,
i' ekB{zB dh wkD wfonkdk ndkbsK B{z poeoko oyDh ukjhdh ;h, i/
T[jBK ngD/ coi dh g{osh BK ehsh sK eh w?A ns/ w/o/ ;kEh, fBih
j?;hns ftu wB[Zyh jZek dh okyh BK eohJ/< ndkbsK ns/ ;oekoK e'b
fJ; ;tkb dk e'Jh T[so BjhA ;h. p/JhwkBh dh uow ;hwk sd'A ;kjwD/
nkJh id'A pkdb ;oeko tZb'A, gzikp s/ jfonkDk jkJh e'oN ftu, noih
d/ e/, fJ; ghgb efwPB B{z ezw eoB'A o'e fdZsk. nypkoK B/ ;qL e[bdhg
f;zx d/ ezw dh Pbkxk ehsh, pkdb ;oeko B{z fcNekoK gkJhnK.
d[fynko/ b'e tjhoK xZs e/, ngD/ Bkb j'JhnK XZe/PkjhnK, ;p{sK ;w/s
dZ;D nkT[Ad/. p[ZeK Go Go rGo{nK dk y{B ghD tkb/ g[b;hJ/ s/ T[jBK d/
ofjw s/ ihn oj/ pkdb e/, fsbfwbk T[m/. i;fN; e[bdhg f;zx B{z uko/
pzfBT[A x/ok xZs fbnk s/ B/e ekoi fsnkr e/ xo p?mD bJh wip{o eo
fdZsk. ;koh ;fEsh ;gPN eoB fjs, iZi ;kfjp w[Zy wzsoh pkdb d/
xo y[d uZb e/ rJ/. fgSb/ bzw/ no;/ s'A f;yK Bkb j'Jh phsh d[jokJh.
f;Zyh n;{b s/ fJB;kBhns dk tk;sk gkfJnk. gZEo fdb fJB;kB
gqekP f;zx NZ; s'A wZ; Bk j'fJnk. nkgD/ jh gzEe pZfunK dk y{B ghD
tkb/ cBhno Bkr B{z iZi ;kfjp wzso gVe/ t; eoBk ukj[zd/ ;B, e'Jh
wzso ezw Bk nkfJnk. Go/ wB SbedhnK nZyK ezpd/ p[Zb bVyVKd/ g?oK
Bkb N[od/ ;qLe[bdhg f;zx, pkdb dh e'mh ftu'A pkjo XZe fds/ rJ/. sd'A
coi pDdk ;h gzEe iE/dkoK dk, pkdb fto[ZX fJfsjk;e j[ewBkwk
ikoh eod/. T[; B{z rbsh dk nfj;k; eokT[Ad/, f;Zyh dk tk;sk gkT[Ad/,
y[dk dk y"c u/s/ eokT[Ad/. ;qL e[bdhg f;zzx dh j";bk ncikJh tk;s/
nekb sys s/ ;Zde/ ;BwkB eod/, T[; d/ jZe ftu fBXVe fpnkB
fdzd/HHHHHHH. nc;'; pj[s pj[s nc;'; nfijk Bk j'fJnk. fco j[ewBkw/
e/tb rohpK B{z ckj/ bkT[D tk;s/ jB< eh fJjh r[owfonkdk j?< BjhA
(255)
BjhA..
joDk pkiK s? f;edkoK J/Bk gfVnk BkT[..
cKXh bZr ikfs cjkfJfB nr? Bk jh EkT[[.. (1288)
woj{w jouzd f;zx b'Ar'tkbhnk1985 dh gzikp ftXkB ;Gk dhnK
u'DK s'A gfjbK ;zro{o d/ fJZe fjzd{ wzdo ftu frnk. w{oshnK B{z wZEk
N/fenk, fsbe brtkfJnk. iE/dko nZyK whN rJ/. fJjBK jh u'Dk
d"okB ;[oihs f;zx poBkbk, poBkb/ d/ fJZe wzdo ftu NZb yVekD frnk
fNZe/ brtkJ/. iE/dkoK i[pkB Bk y'jbh. r[ouoB f;zx N'jVk gfNnb/
fBozekoh GtB ftu ik e/ T[jBK s'A t'NK b?D bJh sob/ eodk fojk.
;o'gk gqkgs ehsk. iE/dkoK w{zj Bk y'jfbnk. gqekP f;zx pkdb f;Zy
w[Zy wzsoh, nekbh db dk gqXkB Gh, b[fXnkD/ d/ fJZe wzdo ftu sKfsfoek
e'b'A jB eotkT[Adk fojk , fsbe brtkT[Adk fojk. iE/dkoK dh i[pkB B{z
skb/ bZr rJ/. f;Zy tiho wzvbh B/ ;ko/ gzikp B{z fdB fdjkV/ d'jhA jZEhA
b[ZfNnk. B'NK Bkb fsi"ohnK s{V bJhnK. nopK d/ wkbe pD p?m/.
;oekoh B"eohnK fuZN/ fdB fBbkw j'D bZrhnK. :{Bhtof;NhnK dhnK
ikjbh fvrohnK dhnK d[ekBK E'e ftu y[ZbQ rJhnK. b'e GbkJh d/ ;ko/
ekoi mZg eo fds/ rJ/. p/nzs e[opkBhnK eoe/ gzikp ns/ f;Zy fjsK
bJh ;zxoP eod/ nk oj/ nekbh db B{z pdBkw eoe/ fwZNh ftu fwbk
fdZsk frnk. fJ; nekbh ;oeko B/ f;ZyK B{z d[BhnK ftu eZy'A j"b/ eoe/
oZy fdZsk. nkw f;Zy toeo dk e'Jh ezw BjhA j'fJnk, g[okD/, gzE tk;s/
e[opkBhnK eoB tkb/, i/jbK eZND tkb/, f;ZyK dh fe;/ ;ko Bk bJh,
o'NhUA nks[o j' rJ/. ykb;k gzE dk r"ot, nekb sys ;kfjp d/
iE/dko, w{zj ftu x[zrDhnK gkJh fpZN fpZN sed/ oj/. f;Zy nkr{nK B{z
f;Zyh fto'Xh eos{sK s'A o'eD dh fjzws Bk i[Nk ;e/. j[ewBkwk ikoh Bk
eo ;e/. go feT[A < feT[A <<
ikfB p{fM e? pkto/ s? eki[ fprkfoU..
gkg eos ;[efuU BjhA Bj rop[ fBtkfoU.. (727)
wBwZ[y fe;w d/ gqpzXe u"XoK ekoB gftZso n;EkB, r[o{ xoK B{z
izr dk nykVk pDk fdzd/ jB. d/P ftd/P ftu'a fBZs BthnK p[okJhnK dk
(256)
id'A PoXkb{ ftnesh B{z gsk ubdk j?, sK T[j jT[e/ Godk, nZEo{ e/odk,
p/p; j'fJnk sVg e/ ;fsr[o{ d/ uoBK ftu ;[Xko dh nodk; jh eo
;edk j?. ;zrsK tZb'A nogD ehsh gq/w G/Nk, pVh p/dodh Bkb popkd
ehsh ik ojh j?. p/nzs gqpzXe s/ gqukoe BfPnK ns/ j'o fxBkT[D/
ftekoK ftu bZEgZE j'J/ gJ/ jB. r[odtko/ ;zrsK bJh ;KM/ Xow n;EkB
Bk ofj e/, fBih ikfJdks s/ ewkJh dk ;kXB pD uZ[e/ jB. r[o{ xoK B{z
;oeko iK ckJhBK; ezgBhnK e'b froth (rfjD/) oZy e/ eoi/ b?D/ s/
ngD/ fBZih eko'pko tXkT[D/, nkw toskok pD u[Zfenk j?. pd/PK d/ e[M
gqpzXe Pokp ns/ f;roN dhnK d[ekBK Gh eod/ jB. fpd/PK ftub/
nZfXT[A pj[s/ gqpzXe nzfwqsXkoh ofjstkB j'Dk sK d{o ;r'A gfsZs jB.
jo EK s/ nkg' ngDh wfonkdk bkr{ ehsh j'Jh j?. gqukoe nkg' ngDh
wBwoih dh vcbh tik oj/ jB. ehosBhJ/ eftsktK B{z jh “ Ppd
ehosB” dk b/pb bk e/ g/P eo oj/ jB. wBxVs jk;'jhDhnK ejkDhnK
r[o PpdK Bkb i'VhnK ik ojhnK jB. gkmhnK bJh gkm dh e'Jh ;[XkJh
BjhA j?. rzdhnK EktK s/, ;VeK feBko/, BfjoK d/ ezfYnK s/, SZgVK tor/
N'fJnK ftu, PwPkB xkNK ftu, MrV/ tkbhnK EktK s/ epik iwkT[D
bJh, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z x;hfNnk ik foj?. fJjBK wBwsh ezwK ekoB
gktB pkDh dk x'o ngwkB j' fojk j?. v/fonK, xoK ftu r[o{ rzzqE ;kfjp
d/ ;o{gK B{z szr, rzd/ Ekt/A ofynk j'fJnk j?. r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp Bkb'A
ftneshnK dh g{ik tX/o/ j'Jh ik ojh j?. fJZe fJZe fgzv iK w[jZb/ ftu
eJh eJh r[odtko/ T[;o u[Ze/ jB. ;gheo nkw ifrnk;{ d/ fdB Go
ezB gkVd/ jB. ;kv/ iE/dko J/H;hH rZvhnK s/ J/H;hH e'mhnK ftu “ u?B
dh pz;oh” tik oj/ jB, fit/A fes/ e[M j'fJnk jh BjhA. ;zrsK B{z Bkw
igD dhnK r'bhnK Sek oj/ jB. fJjBK x'o wBwsK pko/ gzEe jkbs B{z
;[XkoB pko/ e[M m'; T[gokb/ eoB dk T[jBK e'b tes BjhA pudk.
vkbo, g"AAv fJeZm/ eoB/ e'Jh S'Nk ezw j?< fJ; nj[d/ d/ ekoB jh sK
wkfJnk dhnK gzvK nk ojhnK jB. gftZso nj[dk poeoko oZyD tk;s/
pV/ gkgV t/bD/ g?Ad/ jB. oki;h b'eK B{z Gh y[P oZyDk j'fJnk. i/ nj[dk
jh Bk fojk fco eZy'A j"b/ j' ikDr/. d/P ftd/P ftu x[zw e/ Xow T[gd/P
eoe/ g"AvK dhnK gzvK pzBe/, tkg; gos nkT[Dk jh f;Zyh dh uVdh ebk
(257)
wzBh ik ojh j?. fJzBhnK d[;tkohnK s'A pkd r[owfs tk;s/ tes pudk
jh feZE/ j?<
pkjo eh nrfB p[Ms ib ;fosk e?,
BkT[ w? iT[ nrfB bkr? e?;/ e/? p[MkJhn?..
wkfJnk vo vo bgs jkfo r[od[nko/ ikt?,
sjk iT[ wkfJnk fpnkg? ejk mfjokJhn?..(GkJh r[odk; 544)
iE/dko i'frzdo f;zx t/dKsh ih tZb'A pj[s gfjbK iE/dkoh ;zGkbD
;ko jh P'qwDh ew/Nh B{z “ j[ew” fdZsk frnk ;h fe ;ko/ iE/dkoK dh
fB:[esh ns/ poyk;srh d/ fB:w fsnko ehs/ ikD. fJjBK pDkJ/
fB:wK sfjs jh fe;/ ftnesh B{z iE/dko bkfJnk iK jNkfJnk ikt/.
fJjBK dh ftfdne :'rsk Gh fBoXkos ehsh ikt/. bzwK tes phs ikD
sZe Gh Pq'wDh ew/Nh B/ fJ; j[ew dh osh Go gotkj BjhA ehsh.
uzvhrVQ s'A Sgd/ nypko (d/P ;/te) ftu 22H09H99 dh ypo ftu
fbfynk frnk ;h fe ;qL Gkr f;zx Bkwh ftnesh ngDh gzikp (BtK
Pfjo) ftu eJh J/eV iwhB r[o{ d/ Bkw s/ GkJh wBihs f;zx, iE/dko
nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ jtkb/ eo frnk. e[M jh ;w/A nzdo T[[; iwhB B{z 63
bZy 25 jiko ftu t/u e/, GkJh wBihs f;zx B/ o[g? nkgD/ fBZih ykfsnK
ftu iwQK eotk bJ/. wkbe GkJh Gkr f;zx :{He/H fBtk;h fJ; ;dw/ B{z
podkPs Bk eodk j'fJnk, gob'e rwB eo frnk. fJj ns/ j'o eJh
fe;w d/ fttkdK ftu wBihs d/ fxo ikD s'A pknd gVskb eoB tk;s/
fJZe ew/Nh pDkT[D dk n?bkB ehsk frnk. T[; ew/Nh dh fog'oN sK feZE'A
nkT[Dh ;h, edh whfNzr jh BjhA j'Jh, ;r'A ew/Nh pDh jh BjhA. frnkBh
g{oB f;zx B/ j[ewBkfwnK dh i' d[odPk ehsh, nekb sys dh wkD
wfonkdk B{z i' Ykj bkJh, T[j fpnkB s'A pkjoh, iZr'A s/othA j?. T[j ;dk
fttkd ftu fxfonk ofjzdk j?. gzEe GktBktK iK ;zrh ;kEhnK dh fJZis
dh e'Jh gqtkj BjhA eodk. fBowb i's wjkB goT[gekoh PyPhns, r[o{
BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B{z, fJZe ;kXkoD fij/ g"okDe g[oy dh ;zskB
nkyD'A Gh Pow BjhA eodk. edh iE/dkoK dh io{oh fJeZsosk ftu BjhA
iKdk. sys dh iE/dkoh s'A Gkt/A bkj fdZsk, go fJZe j'o pj[s jh
(258)
;fseko:'r nj[d/ dopko ;kfjp d/ w[Zy rqzEh dh rZdh dk b[sc T[vk fojk
j?. eh wikb fe T[; dh jtk tZb Gh e'Jh e?oh nZy Bkb t/y/. dwdwk
;kfjp d/ iE/dko frnkBh e/tb f;zx, ngDh B[{zj d/ nksw jZfsnk e/;
ftu i/jb ftu pzd jB. GktA/ nj[d/ s'A fsnkr gZso fdZsk frnk go
pj[s d/oh eoe/. pkdb ;oeko dk fJZe wzsoh ;[Zuk f;zx bzrkj r[opkDh
B{z fgZm d/ e/ r[o wfonkdk tZb'A Gr"Vk j' e/, 501 owkfJD d/ nyzv gkm
r[odtkfonK ftu eotkD tk;s/ bzr"Nk pzBh fcodk fojk. dopko ;kfjp
nzfwqs;o ns/ j'o nDfrDs r[odtkfonK d/ e[gopzX dhnK nypkoK
ftu fBZs ypoK SgdhnK jB. f;Zy i[nkBh BfPnK ftu v[Zp ojh j?.
gfssg[D/ dh jB/oh tr ojh j?. ftnkj dh nkV ftu bVe/ bVehnK dk
fet/A P'PD j[zdk j?, fe;/ B{z fceo BjhA. fet/A ftd/PK ftu gzikp dhnK
XhnK Boe ftu XZe fdZshnK iKdhnK jB, fe;/ s'A b[fenk fSfgnk BjhA
j?. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu nBzd ekoi eotk e/, goeowk eoe/,
e;w yk e/, ihtB Go ;kE fBGkT[D dhnK, e[M jh ;w/A pkd foPs/ N[ZN
iKd/ jB. r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp d[nkb/ goeowk eoe/ Bebh ftnkj j[zd/ Gh
gsk ufbnk j?. fJj ns/ nfij/ j'o PowBke wBwsh eow j[zd/ ;[D
gVe/ Gh ;kv/ iE/dkoK, edh i[pkB y'jbD dk ePN sZe BjhA ehsk.
p[okJhnK B{z o'eD dh iok fizzBK Gh T[gokbk BjhA ehsk. fco g[ZfSnk ik
;edk j? fe fJj fe; ekoB iE/dko jB< rZvhnK nkokwdkfJe, nkbhPkB
e'mhnK, w{zj wzrhnK Gkoh sBykjK, ;zrsK tZb'A nEkj wkD s/ wkfJnk d/
y[Zb/ rZc/HHHHH. fco i/ fJjBK e'Jh r[o{ xo dk, gzEe fjZsK tkbk ezw jh
BjhA eoBk sK feT[A e"w dk g?;k nikJhA o'jfVnk ik fojk j? < eh G/Nk
g{ik dk g?;k SZe, veko wko ikDk, r[ows d/ ekoiK tZb'A w{zj w'V b?Dk,
fJjh f;Zfynk j? r[opkDh e'b'A iE/dkoK B/ < go feT[A <
ihn pXj[ ;[ Xow efo Ekgj[ nXow ejj[ es GkJh..
nkg; eT[ w[fBto efo Ekgj[ ek eT[ ejj[ e;kJh.. (1102)
j'o pj[s e[M nfijk j? i' c"oh fXnkB wzrdk j?, go ;kv/
iE/dkoK e'b oki;h b'eK B{z y[P eoB s'A f;tkJ/ j'o e[M BjhA ;[Mdk. fBs
BthnK t zrkoK ykb;k gzE B{z dog/P j[zdhnK jB. GftZy pko/ edh e'Jh
(259)
gbkB BjhA pDkfJnk frnk. EK EK y[zpK tKr T[FZr oj/ v/o/ fezB/ e[ gzEe
jB fezB/ e[ gzE fto'Xh. ;'uDk pDdk j?. gzikp dh fe;kBh dk nkT[D tkb/
fdBK ftu GftZy j'o Gh nzXekowJh j't/rk. ftZfdnk gZy'A edh gzikp
Gkos d/ ;kyosk ftu w'joh ;{fpnK ftu ;h.nZi gzikp ftZfdnk gZy'A
gSV e/ s/Jht/A Bzpo s/ ubk frnk j?. ftfdnk ftu fdB'A fdB fBxko jh
nkT[Adk fdZ; fojk j?. brgr S/ bZy, T[FZu ftfdnk gqkgs B"itkB bVe/,
bVehnK, p/o[Irkoh dh dbdb ftu c;/ j'J/ jB. y/vK d/ y/so ftu Gh
gzikp pj[s fgS/ ofj frnk j?. gkfe;skB Bkb izr d/ pjkB/ pkvo d/
fe;kBK dk nopK dk B[e;kB j' u[Zfenk j?. gzikp dhnK ;oekoh p?AeK
gzikp ftu'A g?;k fJeZso eoe/ Gkos dhnK j'o ;N/NK ftu ftek; d/ ezwK
s/ ;ko/ p?fezr fB:wK dh T[bzxDk eoe/ bk ojhnK jB. gzikp B{z fdtkbhnk
pDk ojhnK jB. gzikp ftu tZv/ ekoykB/ bkT[D pko/ edh ezB jh BjhA
Xfonk frnk. gzikp s'A pkjo t;d/ f;ZyK sZe, Xow gquko bJh ns/
T[jBK d/ j'o w;b/ jZb eotkT[D bJh gzEe w[yhnK B/ edh e'Jh ;koEe
isB BjhA ehsk. nkb fJzvhnk r[odtkok n?eN pDkT[D pko/ bzw/ ;w/A s'A
ezB gkVthnK uheK sK ;[DkJh d/ ojhnK jB, T[gokbk e'Jh BjhA ehsk
frnk. fJ;d/ T[bN fjwkub r[odtkok ew/Nh, jfonkDk r[odtkok ew/Nh,
fdZbh ew/Nh, ji{o ;kfjp p'ov, gNBk ;kfjp p'ov, gkfe;skB r[odtkok
ew/NhnK pDh ik ojhnK B/. gzEe w[yh rcbs dh x[{e r{jVh BhAd ftu
;[Zs/ j'J/ jB.
w;b/ pj[s jB go ezBK s'A p'fbnK B{z e'Jh fet/A ngDh t/dBk
;[Dkt/< gZEo d/ fdb tkfbnK nzdo gzEe dod dh ghV fet/A g?dk eo/<
;ktD wjhB/ d/ nzfBnK B{z T[FZiV ojh gzEe c;b, g;o fojk wko{Eb e'Jh
fet/A ftykt/< fiBQK Xkowe w[yhnK dh, p/JhwkB oki;h bhvo fB:[esh
eod/ jB, ngDh woih d/ c?;b/ eotkT[Ad/ jB, id'A wB ehsk go/ trkj
wkod/ jB, T[jBK iE/dkoK s'A i[onZs tkb/ c?;b/ b?D dh fet/A nk; ehsh
ik ;edh j?< fiBK B{z ngDh rZdh dk Gh Go';k BjhA nZi j? eZb oj/rh fe
BjhA, eh gsk. fijBK iE/dkoK dh T[FZu r[ows :'rsk t/ye/ fB:[esh BjhA
j'Jh. ;r'A wBwoih d/ j[ewBkw/ ikoh eotkT[D tk;s/ bkfJnk frnk j?.
fgSb/ ;w/A ftu j[ewBkfwnK dh pVh tkoh rbs tos'A j'Jh j?. ;fsr[o{
(260)
ih d/ gktB w[yko fpzd s'A j'fJnk “X[o eh pkDh” o{gh gftZso j[ewBkwk
edh ;[DkfJnk jh BjhA frnk. y'jb e/ ;wMkfJnk jh BjhA frnk. i/
ekp/ ftu'A jh e[co T[m gt/ fco fJ;bkw feZE/ fNe/rk< e[o;hnK s/ p?m e/
bzro SeDk r[owfs BjhA j?, iwhB s/ p?m e/ bzro SeDk r[ows j?. fJ;
j[ewBkw/ B/ pd/PK d/ f;ZyK B{z bho'A bho eoe/ oZy fdZsk j?. p/wkjBhnK
rbK s/ j[ewBkw/ HHHHHH. gzE dh ftrVh ;fEsh ;[XkoB tk;s/, wBw[y f;Zy
bhvoK B{z BZE gkT[D tk;s/, gzE ftu e[ohshnK d{o eoB tk;s/, e'Jh
j[ewBkwk BjhA HHHH go feT[A nfijk feT[A < <
! efb j'Jh e[s/ w[jh yki[ j'nk w[odko[..
e{V p'fb p'fb GT[eDk u{ek Xow[ phuko[ (1242)
! oki/ ;hj w[edw e[s/.. ikfJ i rkfJfB p?m/ ;[s/..
ukeo Bjdk gkfJfB xkT[.. os[ fgs e[fsj' ufN ikj[.. (1288)
pI[or b/ye ;qL r[opyP f;zx ekbk ncrkBk ih ;zB 1994 s'A
y'i Gog{o g[;seK “fpgqB eh ohs s'A ;Zu dk wkor” bVh dhnK fbydk
nk fojk j?. feskp SgtkT[D s'A gfjbK T[; dhnK c'N' ekghnK gqf;ZX
;ekboK ns/ nekb sys d/ iE/dko B{z G/i e/, fBwosk ;fjs ;[MkT[
wzrdk fojk j?. fe;/ ftdtkB tZb'A iK iE/dko tZb'A, e'Jh i[nkp Bk fdZsk
frnk. r[L f;zx ih ngDh g[;se Sgtk e/ r[ows gq/whnK sZe g[ukT[D
bZr gJ/. S/ ;kb sZe r[ows d/ nB/e ftfPnK Bkb ;pzXs, eJh feskpK
wkoehN ftu g[Zi rJhnK. f;Zy gkmeK B/ g[;seK dk T[sPkj Gog{o
jz[rkok Gfonk. fe;/ ftdtkB iK fe;/ iE/dko B/ Gh e'Jh T[Arb Bk
T[mkJh. nZi s'A fszB e[ ;kb gfjbK iE/dko i'frzdo f;zx t/dKsh ns/
nwoihs f;zx dh ;KM/ s"o s/ ;zgkde ehsh g[;se “r[o fpbk; gkL
S/thA” P'qwDh ew/Nh B/ Sgtk fdZsh. n;b ftu fJj feskp GkJh nwoihs
f;zx dh jh fbyh$;zgkds ehsh j'Jh j?. t/dKsh ih dk ;zgkdBK ftu e'Jh
yk; :'rdkB BjhA j?. nwoihs f;zx B{z fe;/ ;jko/ dh io{os ;h sK fe
tZv nekoh g[;se Pq'wDh ew/Nh tZb'A SgkJh ik ;e/. t/dKsh B{z ngDk BK
uwekT[D dh bkb;k ;h. d't/A fJZe d{i/ d/ prbrho j' rJ/ s/ feskp
Pq'wDh ew/Nh B/ Sgtk fdZsh. fJ; feskp ftu p/nzs fjzd{ g"okfDe
ejkDhnK jB. fJ;d/ b/ye pko/ e'Jh gsk BjhA j?. ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB dk
(261)
fJ; feskp ftu x'o ngwkB ehsk frnk j?. e[dos d/ neZN fB:wK B[z{z
Gzr ehsk frnk j?. eokwksh ejkDhnK dh Gowko j?. r[opkDh d/ fe;/
f;XKs s/ fJj g[;se yoh BjhA T[sodh. go t/dKsh ;kfjp ns/ T[; d/
;zrh ;kEh, G{wektK fbyD tkb/, fJ; B{z gzE dh tvw[bh fJfsjk;e y'i,
d[obZG yikBk, wjkB ;/tk nky e/ fBtkiD bZr gJ/. t/dKsh ih B{z
ikfgnk fe w?A oks' oks wjkB y'ih fbykoh pD frnk jK. Bkb vkL
nwoihs f;zx B{z Gh yzG bZr rJ/.
nfijh r[ows fto'Xh e[co Bkb bpo/i gkg dh p/Vh, r[ows
dhnK XZihnK T[vkT[D tkbh feskp, ;qL r[opyP f;zx dh pki nZy s'A
fet/A pu ;edh ;h. T[jBK fJ; feskp ftubk epkV Bzrk eoBk P[o{ eo
fdZsk. gfjbK b/yK d[nkok s/ fco fJZe tZv nekoh g[;se “r[{ofpbk;
gkLS/thA^ r[opkDh dh goy e;tZNh s/” fby e/ gzE nZr/ d[jkJh gkJh fe
fJ; e{V feskp B{z o'e' t/dKsh B{z toi' fJ;/ dpkT[ ekoB ;q'L ew/Nh tZb'A
fJ; feskp B{z o'e fbnk frnk. go t/dKsh B/ w[V nkgDk o;{y tos e/,
fJ; g[;se dh fteoh P[o{ eotk fdZsh. Bkb jh r[opyP f;zx ih B{z gzE
ftu'A S/eD dk j[ew ikoh eo fdZsk. fJjBK ;kohnK xNBktK dk ft;Eko
nypkoK o;kfbnK ftu Sgdk nk fojk j?. gqekP f;zx pkdb uzdok
;[nkwh s'A b[fXnkDk ftu jtB eokT[Adk fojk w[eN gfjBdk s/ fsbe
brtkT[Adk fojk, iE/dko ih nkokw Bkb t/yd/ oj/. pkdb nB/e wzdoK
ftu NZbhnK yVekT[Adk fojk, iE/dko ih nZyK whN rJ/. pkdb dh gsBh
phph ;[fozdo e"o nkP{s'P, gzE d'yh d/ uoBK s/ f;o ;[N e/ w[okdK wzrdh
ojh. t/dKsh dh nkswk Bk ikrh. pkdb d/ B/Vb/ foPs/dko B/ u'D fiZsD
tk;s/ nekb sys ;kfjp s/ ik e/ nzfwqs SeD dk Sb BkNe ehsk. u'D
fiZsD s'A pkd fco dkjVh eNtk fdZsh, t/dKsh ih u?B dh pz;oh pikT[Ad/
oj/. nekbh db B/ sys ;qh e/;rVQ s/ nodk; eoe/ j[ewBkwk b? e/,
(r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dk ) nBzdg[o dk wsk gqtkB ehsk ;h. fJ; ftu fby/
nfXeko gqkgs eoB tk;s/ wo fwND dhnK e;wK ykXhnK ;B. ;zB
1973 dh ehsh nodk; s/ wsk j"bh j"bh wo w[Ze frnk j?. fJ; ehs/ gqD
B{z g{ok eotkT[D bJh fe;/ iE/dko B/ ezB Bk u[Zfenk. fJZe' rZb :kd j?
fe gzE ftu nk uZ[ehnK ewi'ohnK B{z d{o eoB tk;s/ i/ e'Jh ftdtkB
(262)
g[oP, jkb gkjfonk eodk j?, T[; dh i[pkB pzd eo fdU. gzE ftu'A S/e
fdUHHHH. ;qL ros/i f;zx nkJhHJ/Hn?;H B?PBb gq'c?;o nkc f;Zy fJiw
s'A T[;dh fJj T[gkXh y'j bT[, feT[Afe T[j Gh “ e[M nkeVdk j?”. ;ko/
n;{bK wfonkdktK dh pbh d/ e/, fjZe d/ skD iE/dko j[ewBkw/ ikoh eo
oj/ jB. fJZe tkoh fJj fBoDk eo bJhJ/ fe iE/dkoK B{z j[ewBkw/ ikoh
eoB d/ nfXeko fwb/ fet/A jB<
T[L eh ;fsr[o{ ih fe;/ ftnesh B{z f;ZyK dk r[o{ iK j[ewBkw/ ikoh
eoB dk nfXeko Ekg rJ/ ;B< iK ;ko/ nfXeko ykb;k gzE B{z d/
rJ/ ;B <
nL eh r[opkDh ftu'A e'Jh nfijk gqwkD fdZsk ik ;edk j? fi; okjhA
fe;/ iE/dko B{z nfij/ ftP/P nfXeko fdZs/ rJ/ j'D <
JL eh r[odtkok n?eN ftu e'Jh ni/jh wZd j?, fi; ftu iE/dko B{z
e'Jh nfijk jZe fdZsk frnk j't/ <
;L eh gzE gqwkDs f;Zy ofjs wfonkdk ftu e'Jh nfijk nfXeko
iZE/dko B{z fdZsk frnk j?<
jL eh fe;/ g[oksB gqwkDhe g[;se ftu'A e'Jh fJ; soK dk jtkbk
fwbdk j? fi; okjhA iE/dko B{z e'Jh tZX skes fwbh j't/ <
i[nkp jo EK BKj ftu fwb/rk, fco fJj j[ewBkw/ ikoh eoB dk
jZe ;q'L ew/Nh B/ fe;/ ws/ okjhA fdZsk j't/, BjhA. fJj sK XZe/Pkjh dk
tYKrk j?, fi; d/ jZE ftu skes dh bkmh j't/, fco tos'A eoe/ ncrkBk
ih tor/ B{z feT[A Bk ;'fXnk ikt/< XzB f;Zyh, XzB iE/dkoh.
ewfo eNkok pze[Vk pze/ ek n;tko..
r[op[ B ehi? BkBek ws[ f;fonkt? Gko[.. (956)
nro iE/dkoK dk gq/PkB ehsk f;Zy ndkbs ftu ubk frnk sK
fJjBK B{z puD dk e'Jh okj BjhA bGDk. ;zB 03 ftu Sgh “j[ewBkw/
nkd/P ;zd/P” Bkwh g[;se d/ gzBK 174 s/ “iE/dko P'qwDh ew/Nh” B{z
“j[ewBkwk” ikoh eo fojk j?. fJ; dh fwsh j? 29H03H2000 “ w?A P'qwDh
ew/Nh B{z j[ew fdzdk jK fe iE/dko bkT[D jNkT[D nkfd dk ftXh ftXkB
fsnko ehsk ikt/. iE/dko d/ nfXeko ns/ ftfdne :'rsk fBPfus
ehsh ikt/. j[ewBkwk ikoh eoB d/ Yzr sohe/ ;[MkJ/ ikD. Xow n;EkBK
(263)
B{z oki;h b'eK dh ieV ftu'A nkikd eokfJnk ikt/. r[odtkok n?eN pD/
B{z pj[s bzwk no;k phs frnk j?, fJ; ftu b'VhAdhnK ;'XK ehshnK
ikDHHHHHH.” S/ ;kb phs u[Ze/ jB y[d P'qwDh ew/Nh B/ fJ; ny"sh j[ewBkw/
B{z BjhA wzfBnk. iE/dko B/ e'Jh ekotkJh ehsh< ih BjhA, T[j nkgD/
foiedksk nZr/ nZy u[Ze e/ BjhA t/y ;ed/. pZ; ngD/ wkbeK d/ nky/ bZr
e/ j[D j'o eZd{ ftu sho eZY wkfonk j?, ;g'e;w?B d/ w[Zy ;zgkde
;qL i'frzdo f;zx B{z gzE ftu'A ykoi eoe/. feT[Afe T[j f;ZyK B{z frnkB
tzv fojk j? , fJ; bJh ;g'e;w?B gouk e'Jh Bk gV/. tkj t/dKsh ih
PkpkP/ iE/dko' XzB j' s[;hA XzB s[jkv/ wkbe j[ewBkw/ ikoh eotkT[D
tkb/. fJ; frnkB dh jB/oh B{z j[D o'e ;eDk s[jkv/ bJh ;zGt BjhA j?.
d' jh okj ;Bl fJZe ^t/dKsh Pjhdh gk b?Adk d{ik ^ nksw jZfsnk eo
b?Adk. i/ fgSbhnK ehshnK rbshnK bJh gzE ns/ ;fsr[o{ s'A w[nkch
wzr b?Adk, fe w/o/ e'b'A oki;h b'eK B/ dpkT[ gk e/ rbs ezw eotkJ/ ;B.
w?A nZr'A j'o oki;h dpkT[ Bk ;jkodk j'fJnk B"eoh s'A n;shck d/ fojk
jK. fJj ;h T[; dh “Pjhdh” go nekb sys dh nkpo{ pu iKdh. d{ik
;h oki;h b'eK d/ nky/ rbs j[ewBkw/ ikoh eod/ ofjDk s/ fJfsjk;
ftu ngDk BK ebzes eotk b?Dk. Bkb jh nekb sys dh fJZis j"bh
eo d/Dh. t/dKsh B/ nksw jZfsnk tkbk okj jh u[fDnk j? , fJj okj T[;
B{z w[pkoe, go ;dk bJh ngD/ wZE/ ekby brtk bJh. nekb sys d/
iE/dko dh t[Zes dk G'r gk fdZsk. j[D iE/dko ndkbsK ftu g/PhnK
G[rs/rk iK fco n;shck d/t/rk. e'Jh okj pkeh Bk ofjD fdZsk frnk,
XzB f;Zyh, XzB iE/dkoh. XzB jB oki;h b'e, fiBK B{z nkgDhnK T[FZu
Xkowe ;z;EktK s/ gqzgoktK ngwkBs eoe/ gq;zBsk gqkgs j[zdh j?.
nkT[D tkb/ eZbQ tk;s/ u/szB r[of;ZyK B/ c?;bk eoBk j? fe gftZso
;z;EktK B{z wbhB j'D s'A fet/A pukfJnk ikt/. ;wK ikrD dk j?.
B'N L ;Zu p'bD s/ ;Zu fbyD s'A r[Z;/ ftu nke/ g[ikohnK B/ b/ye
fto[X Gh j[ewBkw/ dk nrB pkD ubk fdZsk j?.
[[[[
(264)
thjth ;dh dk F' qwDh f;Zythjth ;dh dk F' qwDh f;Zythjth ;dh dk F' qwDh f;Zythjth ;dh dk F' qwDh f;Zythjth ;dh dk F' qwDh f;Zy
rZb d[nkgo :[Zr dh j? i' ebi[r Bkb'A fpjso, ;[DhAdk j?. fJZe'
dkd/ d/ g'sfonK dk iwhB s/ xo tzvD s'A MrVk j' frnk. f;nkfDnK
tZb'A d'jK fXoK ƒ ;zs[PN eoB tk;s/ e'Jh :'r T[gokbk Bk ehsk frnk.
sbyh pj[s tZX rJh fJ;/ r[Z;/ ftu e"ot fXo B/ nkgDh GoMkJh do'gsh
ƒ rzd/ wy"b eo fdZs/. rZb rkbh rb'u s'A tZX e/ wko ekN se g[Zi rJh.
d'tK fXoK B/ fBPfus fdB s/ g{oh c"ih skes Bkb I'o niwkJh eoB dk
n?bkB eo fdZsk. c"iK dk s/ :'fXnK dk ;wheoD j'fJnk izrh ;kwkB
fJZeZmk ehsk frnk s/ d't/A skesK nkjw' ;kjwD/ j' e/ nZr tokT[D
bZrhnK. fJZe pzB/ gKvt ;?Bk, w[yh noiB ;?Bkgsh. go izrh g?AsV/ pko/
;ko/ nfXeko oEtkjh feqPB e'b. d'tK fXoK d/ f;gkjh s/ ;?Bkgsh woB
bZr/.
izr fBZs fdB j'o Gydh ik ojh ;h. e"otK B/ eJh fdBK dh
iZe'sZeh pkd nkgDh jko ojh ;?Bk ƒ wjkB ;{ow/, Bhsh fBg[zB, eoD d/
;g[od eo fdZsk. ;kfonK fJZe ipkB fejk ^ “eoD dkBtho^s{z ;kvh
jko ƒ fiZs ftu pdb ;edk j?. n;hA s?ƒ nkgDk wZ[y ;?Bkgsh ;theko
eod/ jK.” eoD B/ w[yhnK dk c?;bk gqtkB eo fbnk. c"i ƒ nkgD/ Yzr
Bkb iE/pzd ehsk. g{oh fsnkoh eoe/, nrb/ fdB eoD, izr d/ w?dkB
ftu ik ;fink. tkoh tkoh eoD Bkb bVB tk;s/, eJh nkJ/ s/ eZyK
ekfBnK tKr T[FZvd/ rJ/. gKvt ;?Bk ftu GrdV wZu rJh. e'Jh g/P Bk
iKdh t/ye/, eoD d/ Nkeo/ bJh, noiB ƒ tZvh c"i ;w/s, w?dkB ftu
T[skfonk frnk. d't/A nkjw' ;kjwD/ p[ZeD bZr/. izr P[o{ eoB bJh
fprb tZi fgnk. d't/A fXoK B/ fiZs gqkgsh bJh, e'Jh e;o pkeh BK
SZvh. y{p nrBh toQkJh rJh. c?;bke[B f;ZN/ s/ g[ZiD bJh, noiB B/
(265)
nkgD/ GZE/ ftu'A, fJZe yk; sho eZfYnk. feqPB oEtkjhA ƒ gqDkw ehsk,
d/ts/ fXnkJ/. rKvht (XB[;) ƒ g{oh skes Bkb, ezB she fyZfunk.
eoD ƒ w?dkB Sve/ GZiD bJh wIp{o eoB tk;s/, sho fBPkB/ tZb dkr
fdZsk. P{edk j'fJnk sho, eoD tkb/ oE d/ wZE/ s/ ik NeokfJnk. eoD
oE ;w/s, G[nkNDhnK yKdk j'fJnk, d' ;" ri dh d{oh s/ ik fgnk.
c[osh Bkb eoD ;zGfbnk, oE mhe ehsk, x'V/ tZb ehs/, oEtkjh ;bZw
ƒ, oZE fco gfjb/ ;EkB s/ fbikD bJh j[ew fdZsk. nZy d/ c'o ftu,
;jh ;bkws, fpBk \"c eoD, noiD d/ ;kjwD/ djkV fojk ;h.
j[D sho dkrD dh tkoh eoD dh ;h. T[;B/ GZE/ ftu'A fJZe sho
eZfYnk, fuZbk ukjfVnk, ewkD dhnK jZvhnK eVe rJhnK, rKvht ƒ
ezB s'A fgSKj sZe fyZfunk, fBPkBk ;/X e/, sho dkr fdZsk. noiB d/
oE ƒ ;kjwD/ wZE/ P{edk j'fJnk fJj sho ik NeokfJnk. nZr dhnK
bkNK fBebhnK, Xosh ezph, oE d/ gjhJ/ uowokJ/, feqPB v'fbnk,
nekP ftu'A fGnkBe uheK ;[DkJh fdZshnK, X{V d/ pZdb T[FZm/, s/ noiB
oE ;w/s d; pkoK ri T[bNe/ fgSKj ik fgnk. S/sh feqPB ;zGfbnk,
T[; T[mfdnK jh eoD dh T[;ssh ftu i?ekok bk fdZsk. “wjKpbh eoD
dh i? j't/, i? j't/HHHH”. fJ;d/ Bkb jh nekP ftu'A I'odko gq;z;kwJh,
ntkiK r{zi T[mhnK. “eoD :'X/ dh i? j't/, dkBtho eoD s/oh i? j't/HHHH.”
nekP ftu'A eoD s/ g[Pg poyk j'D bZrh.
noiB fJj ;G t/ye/ G"Auek ofj frnk, s/ T[;B/ o'; tZi'A bVB
s'A fJBeko eo fdZsk. jfEnko IwhB s/ oZy f;o fgZN e/ p?m frnk.
feqPB B/ g[ZfSnk ^
“eh j'fJnk noiB ` w?dkB ftu :'X/ nkgD/ jfEnko fJ; soQK
IwhB s/ BjhA oZyd/, T[FZm s/ w[ekpbk eo.”
“Bjh gqG{ ` w? Bjh bVKrk, w/ok ngDk oEtkjh d[PwD tZb'A wko{
tko eoB s/ i?eko/ rikt/, w?E'A podk;s BjhA j[zdk. nZi eZbQ sK p?e[zm d/
d/ts/ Gh gZygksh j' rJ/ brd/ B/.”
“eh j'fJnk noiD, S/sh dZ; <”
(266)
“gqG{ ` fJj e'Jh dZ;D tkbh rZb j? < eh s[;hA BjhA ikDd/ eh
j'fJnk j? < w?A sho ubkfJnk, eoD d/ SZe/ S[Vk fdZs/. G[nKNDhnK yKdk,
oE ;w/s d' ;" ri dh d{oh s/ ik fvZrk ;h. fezBh d/o fgS'A, w;hA
;zGfbnk. sd'A fe;/ d/th d/ts/ B/ w/oh P'Gk BjhA ehsh. fe;/ B/ g[Pg
poyk BjhA ehsh. s[;hA y[d Gh e'Jh gq;z;Bh: Ppd BjhA p'fbnk. id'A
eoD B/ sho Bkb w/ok oE e/tb d; ri fgSKj XZfenk, fJj d' ;" ri
d/ w[ekpb/ e[M Gh BjhA j?. go nc;'; s[;hA fpBk ;'u/, eoD dh ;'Gk ftu
i?ekok bkfJnk. d/tfsnK B/ nekP ftu'A g[Pg poyk ehsh. i? i? eko
j'Jh xzN/ tZi/. eh s[jkvh d/tsk ;Gk dk, fJj' fijk fJB;kc j? < w?ƒ
i[nkp ukjhd?, j[D/ fJ;/ tes. toBK w? BjhA bVKrk.”
“BjhA noiB fiZd Bk eo, jfEnko ;zGkb, fJj ;wK ci{b
pfj; eoB dk BjhA j?. izr ;w/A :'X/ ekfJosk ftykT[Ad/ wkD BjhA
gkT[Ad/.”
“ih BjhA, w?A sho sbtko BjhA u[ZeKrk, gfjbK w/oh s;Zbh eotkU.
toBK w?A ;wMKrk fe s[;hA, nzdo yks/ e"otK dk gZy g{o oj/ j'.”
“mhe j?, fit/A s/oh woih, w?ƒ n;bhns s/o/ ;kjwD/ oZyDh jh
gt/rh. nkgD/ fdb s/ jZE oZy b?, fes/ ;Zu ;[De/, s{z rP yk e/ fvr jh
Bk gt/.” feqPB GrtkB B/ nkgDh ebk toskJh, E'V/Q ;w/A bJh, noiB
dk shik B/so y'jfbnk. “nkj t/y fXnkB Bkb noiB, s/o/ oE d/
gjhJ/ Xosh wksk B/ g{oh soQK ieV/ j'J/ B/. j'o r"o Bkb t/y, P/P Bkr
B/ oE d/ gjhJ/ ƒ tb/t/A gkJ/ j'J/ jB. w?A p/Bsh eoe/ ;ko/ d/tfsnk ƒ
s/oh ;jkfJsk eoB bJh wBk fbnk ;h. T[jBK Gh g{oh tkj bkJh. w?A
y[d fpPƒ dk ntsko ;'bK ebK ;zg{oB, ngDh ;koh ntskoh Pesh
Bkb, s/oh wdd eo fojk jK. s/o/ oE ƒ nrBh s'A pukT[D tk;s/, nrBh
dk d/tsk fJzdo nkgD/ eowukohnK ;w/s, nZr p[Mk fojk j?. go fJ;
;G d/ pkti{d, e[opkB iktK dkBtho :'X/ eoD s'A. tkj, tkj s/o/, eoD
tkj. s{z nkgD/ fJZe' sho Bkb Xosh dk wkB s'V fdZsk. P/P Bkr dhnK
jZvhnK u{ok eo fdZshnK. ;ko/ d/tfsnK dh r?ph Pesh, jtk ftu T[vk
(267)
fdZsh. w?A nkgDh ;koh nrzwh Pesh bk e/ Gh, s/o/ oE ƒ o'e BjhA
;fenk, p/ tZ; j' frnk ;K w?A. eoD B/ e/tb noiB d/ oE ƒ d; ri
fgSKj BjhA XZfenk, pbfe swkw sq?b'eh ƒ fjbk e/ oZy fdZsk. ;ko/ d/t
b'e s/ eoD Gko{ j' fBpfVnk. i/ n;hA nB/e skesK tose/, oE ƒ Bk
o'fenk j[zdk, sK s{z s/ s/ok oE fwZNh ftu fwb ikDk ;h, shbk shbk j' e/
fpyo ikDk ;h. eoD B/ ;kvk ;kfonK dk wkB Gzr ehsk j?. T[;dh fJ;
nEkj Pesh ƒ t/ye/ jh, ;G B/ T[;dh T[gwk ehsh j?. s{z d' ;" ri eoD
dk oE, fgSKj o/VQe/ e'Jh fjwkbk gops BjhA u[Ze fbnk. s{z fJZeZb/ eoD
Bkb bV fojk j?. s/ eoD nB/e PeshnK s/ fJZeZbk Gko{ j?. j'o ;[D
noiB. w?A oks d/ ;w/A, eoD ƒ fgnko Bkb dZ; nkfJnk ;K, fe gKvt
s/o/ jh Gok B/, s?E'A S'N/, T[jBK dh ikB p\; d/thA. s[;hA ;ko/ e[zsh d/
g[Zso j'. fco w?A f;ykb e/, s/oh wksk e[zsh ƒ eoD e'b G/fink, T[;B/ o'
o' e/ ;koh j'Jh phsh efj ;[DkJh. wK dh wwsk dk tk;sk gkfJnk. M'bh
nZv e/ e[zsh B/ gziK g[ZsoK dh ikB p\Ph bJh sobk ehsk. T[j fejVh
ukb j? i' w?A Bk uZbh j't/. s?ƒ pukT[D bJh s/ eoD ƒ ysw eotkT[D
bJh. s?ƒ sK fJZebZt: B/ jh ed/ dk gko p[bk d/Dk ;h, i/ X'y/ Bkb r[o{
do'D, T[; dk nzr{mk Bk eNtk fdzdk. fJ; s'A pkd dh izr ftu, noiB
fiZs frnk, s/ eoD fiZs e/ Gh jko frnk, nkgDk nkgk e[opkB eo
frnk.
efjzd/ jB fJ; wjKGkos dh izr s'A pkd e[oy/so “g[zB G{wh”
efjbkT[D bZrh. feT[Afe fJE/ pj[s tZvh y{Bh izr bVh rJh ;h. fJfsjk;
nkgD/ nkg ƒ d[jokT[Adk j?. nkT[ ebi[r ftu goshJ/, s/ t/yhJ/ fe
nfijh izr fco feZE/ bVh rJh < fejVh ;h “g[zB G{wh” s/ e"D ;h fJ;
EK eoD pbh. fJj “Xow Xosh” r[o{ BkBe dh uoB S'j Bkb gftZso
j'Jh. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp nZmK ikfwnK okjhA fJE/ (nzfwqs;o) gXko/. fJE/
jh d;K ;fsr[oK dh nksw i's “g'Eh ;kfjp’ dh ;zg{oDsk j'Jh, s/ gfjbk
gqekP j'fJnk. fJE/ jh “whoh ghoh” Grsh s/ Pesh dk ;[w/b gqrfNnk.
joh d/ wzdo d/ ;kjwD/ jh, nekb dk s\s Gh T[;ko fdZsk frnk. fJjBK
(268)
dh gktBsk bJh, nDfrDs ;zsK GrsK s/ ;{ofwnK B/ nkgD/ gqkDK dh
nj{sh fdZsh. fJ;/ do s/ jkIo j' e/, ;kEhnK ;w/s fJZe f;Zy B/ nodk;k
;'fXnk. fe nkgD/ Goktk Bkb j' ojh, p/^fJB;kch ysw eotke/ jh ;kj
btKrk. f;Zy gzE d/ ;t?wkD bJh Xow:[ZX P[o{ eo fdZsk. Bzr/ XV e[M Gh
BK j[zfdnK, e/tb ;fsr[o{ ih s/ Go';k oye/, izr dk fprb tik fdZsk.
fJZe gk;/ fJeZbk eoD j? (pkpk ioB?b f;zx) e"ot Gok Gh ;kE Bjh fBGk
oj/, (nekbh db) d[nkgo tkbk xNBk uZeo P[o{ j' frnk j?. GkJh ;r'A
swkPphBK ftu ik yb'J/. gKvtk dh ;?Bk (;oekoh fXo) s/ e"ot Gok Gh
(nekbh) “P{dg[so” ns/ j'o eJh fe;w dhnK s'jwsK bkT[D'A Pow BjhA
eod/. p/rkfBnK s'A sK eh nk; ;h, nkgD/ Gh gokfJnK Bkb ik ob/.
edh gqeowK ftu'A fBeb ikD dh u/sktBh, edh vke{nK b[N/fonK dk w[yh
nkfynk ik fojk j?. fJ;d/ r[ZM/ G/d gfjbK jh d[PwD ƒ dZ; fdZs/ iKd/
B/.
BthB izrh n;so nk ikD eoe/ j[D feqPB ƒ oEtkjh pDe/
noiB d/ Bkb nkT[D dh Io{os BjhA j?. feqPB (fJzdok rKXh) noiB
(t?fdnk) ƒ eoD (pkpk ioB?b f;zx) d/ ftoZ[X ;kohnk PeshnK d/ e/
G/idh j?. T[; nZr'A ioBb fdnkb s/ pokV, nkfd ƒ ;G e[M ;zGkb
fdZsk. nzBQk fXqXok;No (frnkBh i?b f;zx) ;zi/ (;{jhJ/) s'A izr pko/
ikDekoh gqkgs eodk j?. fJ; tkoh ;zi/ Gh X'y/pkI fBefbnk, izr dh
;jh ;fEsh BjhA dZ;dk. ;ko/ wko{ nrBh P;so s/ n;so fJZeZm/ eo
bJ/ rJ/, N?Ae, s'gK, s/ T[vD yN'b/ Gh. fJeZb/ ioB?b f;zx ƒ c[zvD
tk;s/, wjkB Gkos toP dh Pesh Pkbh ;?Bk ƒ M'e fdZsk frnk j?.
T[;ƒ ewI'o eoB tk;s/ gfjbk pkjtK (nekbh) s'V fdZshnK. fco
“;{d g[Zso” nkfynk, fJbIkw bkJ/. pkjobh ;jkfJsk o'eD tk;s/
;ojZdK s/ u"e;h tXk fdZsh. nypko, o/vhU, NhHthH s/ “u'o j?, eksb
j?, d/P ek d[PwD j?,” dk M{mk P'o gkfJnk frnk. pj[s ukbK uZbhnK,
go eoD ;{ow/ B/ jko Bk wzBh.
d; bZy c"i ukbh e[ G[Zy/ GkD/ f;zxK ƒ wkoe/ fco pjkdoh dk
(269)
fYzv'ok fgZNDk uj[zdh j?. w[V s'A uwe"o dh rVQh dk fdqP nZyK nZr/ nk
iKdk j?. jzekoh j'Jh c"i dk, id'A pj[sk B[e;kB j'D bZrk sK fJZe' tkoh
;ko/ pzfBT[, ;ko/ soQK d/ jfEnkoK Bkb, jZbk p'b fdZsk. y{B dhnK BdhnK
tfj N[ohnK, nZr d/ bKp{ T[m/ xw;kD dk izr wZfunk, s'gK N?eK r'bhnK,
s/ f;zxK d/ i?ekfonK B/ fGnkBe Bkd tikfJnk. noiB e'b ;kohnK
skesK ;B eoD fBjZEk eo fdZsk frnk. nDfrDs ewhDhnK ukbK uZb
e/, Gkt/A eoD ƒ ;ohoe s"o s/ ysw eo fdZsk frnk j?. go feqPB B/
y[d eoD dh ;{owrsh d/ ;'jb/ rkJ/. jo c"ih ioB?b B/ T[;ƒ “tvi'Xk”
eoe/ fbfynk. ;koh gKvt ;?Bk B/ eoD ƒ wkoe/ fJZIs BjhA yZNh, go
eoD B/ d; ri oE fgSKj XZe e/, ;z;ko ftu gqf;Xh gqkgs eo bJh.
f;ZyK d/ fdbK s/ T[;dk ;dk oki oj/rk. eoD s'A izr d/ w?dkB ftu jh
g[Pg toyk j' rJh ;h, go fJE/ gzikp ftu sK ni/ Gh y"c SkfJnk
j'fJnk j?. fJ; thjthA ;dh dh wjkB :'X/ “Pq'wDh f;Zy” dk T[Zuh ntkI
Bkb e'Jh Bkw Gh BjhA b? fojk. fJZe fXo tk;s/, fJzdok rKXh p/d'fPnK
dh eksb, Xow n;EkB dh p/ndph eoB tkbh, woB s/ “Pjhd” pD
rJh j?. d{ih fXo tk;s/ ;t?wkD fgZS/, ikBK e[opkB eoB tkb/ :'X/ Gh,
Pjhd BjhA jB. pkpk ioB?b f;zx dh Pjhdh xZN/ o[bdh ik ojh j?.
p/nzs f;zx, ;stzs f;zx, e/jo f;zx, p/gSkD j[zd/ ik oj/ jB. “;[Zyk
fizdk” ns/ j'o ;{ow/ :kdK dhnK gosK u'A feod/ ik oj/ jB. ;zB ’84 d/
d't/A xZb{xko/ brgr fizw/tko ftneshnK tZb'A G[bk fdZs/ rJ/ jB.
“dktk nrfB pj[s fsqD ikb/ e'Jh jfonk p{N ofjU oh” d/
wjKtke w[skpe ;ko/ gk;/ dfjPs dh nrBh j?. ;kok f;Zy o{gh o[Zy
izrb, pkr, ;kV e/ ;[nkj eo fdZsk j?. e'Jh jfoU p{Nk fes/ ftobk jh
pfunk j?. j? e'Jh r[o{ fgnko tkbk i' fJ; gzEe c[btkVh B{z f;zi ;e/<
T[ifVnK B{z p;k ;e/, ftbQefdnK d/ jzM{ g{zM ;e/. pkpk ioB?b f;zx dk
Pjhdh fdt; wBk ;e/<
ftP/P ;{uBkL Bth Sg e/ nkJh g[;se ‘X{zd{eko/ ftu'A ukBD dh y'i’ ftu
;qL dbpho f;zx B/ tdkDh u'N wkofdnK fJze;kc ehsk j? fe 1984 d/
(270)
xZb{xko/ ftu pkpk ioB?b f;zx B{z Pjhd eoe/, eJh e'DK s'A ukbh c'N'nK
fyZuhnK ;B. Ne;kb d/ u"XohnK B/ c"ih n|;oK B{z ukbh jIko o[g?
foPts d/ e/, ukbh c'N'nK d/ T[sko/ gqkgs ehs/ ;B. Ne;kb ns/ gqtko
B{z gZek gsk j? ;p{s w"i{d jB, fe pkpk ioB?b f;zx Pjhd j' frnk j?.
go fJj b'e ;w[Zu/ gzE B{z e{V gquko Bkb rz[wokj eod/ nk oj/ jB. fBok
e[|o r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh gktB jI{oh ftuHHH. j? e'Jh o'eD tkbk<
Ne;kb tkb/ dZ;Dr/ fe thj ;kb s'A pkpk ih feZE/ b[e/ p?m/ jB<
Ne;kb dk w[yh pkpk mke[o f;zx Po/nkw fJZeh ;kb M{m p'bdk
fojk fe “ioB?b f;zx ihts j?, uVQdh ebk ftu j?. w?A woB s'A gfjbk
ioB?b f;zx dh pKj cVke/ iktKrk.” r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu bZyK
tkoh e[|o s'bD tkb/ ;zs ns/ pqjwfrnkBh pD/ p?m/ jB. ;z;ko Go ftu
c?b/ f;Zy “pqjw frnkBhnK” dhnK XkVK ftu'A fe;/ fJZe B/ Gh fJj Bk
fejk fe, “Ne;kb tkfbU ` s[;hA M{m p'b oj/ j'. n;hA nkgDh
“pqjwfrnkBsk” ftu'A gosZy ikD fbnk j? fe pkpk ioB?b f;zx ikB
tko frnk j?. pkpk ioB?b f;zx thjthA ;dh dk Pq'wDh f;Zy. T[;dh
Ne;kb tkb/ thjthA ;dh d/ ;G s'A M{m/ wB[Zy. j[D 12H6H2005 B{z
Bt/A Ne;kb w[yh frL joBkw f;zx B/ n?bkB eo fdZsk j? fe “pkpk ih
Pjhd j' rJ/ jB.” eh Ne;kb tkb/ dZ;Dr/ gJh T[jBK B{z fJZeh ;kb
wro'A fet/A gsk bZfrnk fe pkpk ih Pjhd j' rJ/ jB< ;ukJh sZe g[ZiD
tk;s/ T[jBK B/ eh ;kXB ngDkJ/< fJZeh ;kb gzE B{z r[wokj eoB dh
;Ik eh fwZEh ikt/< BoeK d/ Gkrh s/ BoeK d/ ehV/, eh s[jkv/ tor/ jh
BjhA pDBr/<
[[[[
(271)
r[opkDh ftu ftfrnkBe ;Zur[opkDh ftu ftfrnkBe ;Zur[opkDh ftu ftfrnkBe ;Zur[opkDh ftu ftfrnkBe ;Zur[opkDh ftu ftfrnkBe ;Zu
id'A ;z;ko d/ Xow rqzEK dk rfjokJh Bkb nfXn?B eohJ/, sK
e/tb wB[Zy ƒ PoXk ;fjs nkgD/ ofjpo d/ fgZS/ s[oB dk T[gd/P fdZsk
fwb/rk. nkgDh neb dh tos'A eoB s/ gkpzdh nkfJd ehsh fwb/rh.
ftfrnkBe dbhb s/ i/ e'Jh ftuko g{ok Bk T[sodk j't/, soe PkPso s/
Gh yok Bk T[so/, sK Gh fJZe nkfrnkekoh r[bkw tKr, T[;ƒ gqtkB eo
b?Dk jh ;/te dk eow j?. goy eoBh ;[nkb i[nkp eoB/, ;kfJz; Bkb
w/b e/ t/yDk, fJjBK rZbK dh Bk fJikis j? Bk e'Jh wjZst. ;r'A g{oh
skes fJ;/ T[gd/P bJh M'e fdZsh iKdh j? fe, Xow ns/ ftfrnkB dk
nkg; ftu e'Jh w/b BjhA j?. pbfe fJj d't/A fJZe d{i/ d/ eZNV fto'Xh
jB. d[BhnK ftu tZvh pj[ frDsh Xow ƒ fJ;/ BIohJ/ s'A t/ydh ;[Ddh
nk ojh j?. PkfJd T[j p/p; jB, feT[Afe T[jBK ƒ ftok;s ftu i' Xow
;zd/P gqkgs j'J/ jB, T[jBK ftu ftfrnkBe BIohnk BKj d/ pokpo j?.
fJ;/ wIp{oh tZ; T[jBK d/ T[gd/PeK B/ nkw iB ;w{zj d/ nzdo, fJj
ftuko gogZe eo fdZs/ jB, fe Xow ns/ ftfrnkB dk e'Jh foPsk BjhA
j?.
fi; fyZs/ (Gkos) ftu f;Zy Xow iBfwnk s/ gqtkB ufVQnk j?,
T[E'A dk Xkowe ns/ ;wkie skDk pkDk, fBo'b o{Vhtkdh nD fte;s ns/
r?o ftfrnkBe j?. bzwK ;wK r[bkwh ftu e;N G'rfdnK, fJE'A d/ b'eK
dh nkswk dw s'V rJh. ;'uD Pesh skes d[nkok dpk fdZsh rJh,
;t?wkD e[ub fdZsk frnk. e"wh s"o s/ ;w[Zu/ Gkos tk;hnK ƒ gZs^jhD,
ws jhD s/ i[nos jhD eo fdZsk frnk. id'A e"wh s"o s/ “uzr/ fdBk dh
nk;” ;dk tk;s/ wo w[Ze ikt/ sK r[bkw b'eK, ftu'A e'Jh “f;nkDk g[oy”
Go/ wB, fpyohnK nk;K ftu'A jT[ek b? e/ “GftZy pkDh” eodk j?^“n?
w/o/ d/P tk;hU j[D s[jkvh r[bkwh dhnK izihoK e'Jh r?ph Pesh jh s'V
;edh j?. s[jkv/ d[ZyK dk nzs, e'Jh wjkB nkswk jh eo ;edh j?.
(272)
s[jkv/ Xow ƒ s[jkvk oZp jh nk e/ puk ;edk j?. s[jkvhnK wB'ekwBktK
fe;/ eokwks d[nkok Gkt/A g{ohnK j' ikD, toBk e'Jh T[whd BjhAHHHH.”
g{oh bkukorh ftu'A nky/ nfij/ tke e"wK ƒ fBZ;b eofdnK eod/ jB.
fe;/ gkf;T[A nk; dh feoB id'A BIo Bk nkt/, nkgD/ e'b ;{M p{M e'Jh
Bk j't/, ftneshrs ns/ e"wh skes yhD j' u[Zeh j't/, wB[Zy p/gZs j' e/ Gh
trkoK eoB bJh wip{o j't/, sd'A pko pko fJj fynkb nzdo'A T[FZmdk j?,
fe j[D sK e'Jh eokwks, nrzwh Pesh jh, w/ok pzd ybk; eotk ;edh
j?. fpbe[b nfijh wkBf;e dPk ftu'A jh eokwksK B/ iBw fbnk
goshs j[zdk j?. skesto b'e nD j'DhnK, eokwksK dh, e{VQh nk; edh
BjhA eod/. T[jBK B{z nkgDh neb ns/ pkj{pb s/ Go';k j[zdk j?. fIzdrh
d/ jo gfjb{ s'A jko u[Ze/ b'e, frnkB soe dbhb s/ ftfrnkBe BiohJ/
tkbh e'Jh ftuko sZe ;[BD bJh fsnko BjhA j[zd/. id'A nfij/ o{Vhtkdh
ftuko nzdo xo pDk e/ p?m ikD, sK fJjBK s'A S[Nekok gkT[Dk brGr
n;zGt j' iKdk j?. Gkosh b'eK ftu gqubs tfjwk GowK ns/ eokwksh
ejkDhnK ƒ, fJ;/ BIohJ/ s'A t/fynk rZb ;"yh ;wM nk ;edh j?. pj[
frDsh ftukoXkok dk n;o f;Zy wBk s/ Gh nkw t/fynk ik ;edk j?.
r[otke jB ^
c{N' nKvk Gow ek wBfj GfJU gork;[]
ekNh p/oh grj s/ r[fo ehBh pzfd ybk;[] (1002)
ng[;N pks s/ GJh ;hXoh d{s d[;N ;iBJh]
nzXeko wfj osB[ gqorkf;U wbhB p[fX jSBJh] (402)
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/, r[bkwh dhnK pj[ gosh izihoK ƒ
s'VB bJh, ftfrnkBe okj u[fDnk Gkt/A fJj o;sk nsh fpyw ;h, bzwk
;h go j? ;h fJjh do[;s. r[o{ ;kfjpkB dk w[y gqi'iB ftfrnkB dh
nb'uBk eoBh iK ftfrnkB dh ;'Mh d/Dh BjhA ;h. jK nkgD/ ftukoK ƒ
gqrN eofdnK, ;/teK ƒ f;Zyws fdzfdnK, i' okj u[fDnk, fynkb fdZs/
T[j ;zg{oD s"o, ftfrnkB dh e;tNh s/ yo/ T[sod/ jB. fJ;/ BIohJ/
Bkb T[jBK B/ g[oksB eokwksh e{V ejkDhnK ƒ Gh ;fji/ jh oZdh dh
N'eoh ftu ;[ZN fdZsk. ebw dh fe;/ fJZe' o{jkBh S'j, fJZe' gzesh ftu
;dhnK d/ pV/, T[;o/ e{V/ eokwksh wfjb, r[o{ ih B/ cBkj eo fdZs/.
(273)
ngDk gZy fiE/ g{oh p/pkeh Bkb gqukfonk, T[E/ ftfrnkBe fdqPNhe'D ƒ
ny'A go'y/ BjhA ehsk. PkBkwZsk fJfsjk; fJ; rb dk rtkj j? fe i'
eoKshekoh spdhbh wB[Zyh ;'u ftu nkJh, T[;/ dh pd"bs wkBf;e
;wkfie s/ okiBhse r[bkwh rb'A bkjh rJh. nkT[ j[D gktB r[opkDh
ftu'A T[j puB gVQhJ/ ftukohJ/, fiBK okjhA ;fsr[o{ ih B/ o{Vhtkdh Gow
ikb ƒ sko sko ehsk, s/ nkgDk ftfrnkBe BIohnk wB[Zysk ;Bw[Zy
oZfynk.
1H f;qPNh ouBk pko/ Xkowe wjKg[oyK d/ ftuko, nkg; ftu
w/b BjhA yKd/. fe;/ nkfynk oZp B/ ekfJBks ;ZsK fdBK ftu pDkJh, s/
fe;/ fejk e/tb “e[B” (j'ik) nkyD Bkb jh;G e[M pD frnk. fe;/
dZf;nk gJh ;w[zdo ftu fJZe ewb c[Zb g?dk j'fJnk,T[; ftu'A pqjwk
fBeb/, T[jBK B/ nZr'A f;qPNh ouBk ehsh. p'XhnK B/ nkfynk gJh fJj
gdkoEK s'A f;qPNh pDh j?, fJE/ e[M BtK Bjh pDdk, f;oc gfotosB j'
iKdk j?. fe;/ j'o B/ fejk fe fJj fd;dk g;kok j? jh BjhA, n?t/A nZyK
dk Gow ns/ Sbktk j?, ;[gB/ dh fBnkJh j?. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ ;ko/
ftuko gV/Q s/ x'y/. Ud'A s'A b? e/ nZi se, ftfrnkBh Gh f;qPNh dh
g?dkfJP pko/, nkgD/ y'i gZso g/P eod/ ofjzd/ jB. fJjBK dh nkgDh
wjZssk j?. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih nkyD bZr/, fgnkfoU ` bZy isB eoB
d/ pkti{d Gh fJ; G/d ƒ BjhA gkfJnk ik ;e/rk, fe fJj ekfJBks fet/A
pDh. fJ;ƒ i/ e'Jh ikDdk j?, sK T[j f;oc pDkT[D tkbk jh ikDdk j?.
T[; B/ fe;/ ƒ dZf;nk BjhA, gJh fet/A pDkJh rJh j?, fJj ;koh fd;dh
y/v. ;fsr[o{ ih dk c[owkB j? ^
etD[ ;[ t/bk tys[ etD[ etD[ fEfs etD[ tko[]
etfD f; o[sh wkj[ etD[ fis[ j'nk nkeko[]
t/b B gkJhnk gzfvsh fi j't? b/y[ g[okD[]
tys[ B gkfJU ekdhnk fi fbyfB b/y[ e[okD[]
fEfs tko[ B i'rh ikD? o[fs wkj[ B e'Jh]
ik eosk f;omh eT[ ;ki/ nkg/ ikD/ ;'Jh] (ig[)
fit/A ftfrnkBhnK B/ fJZe ftek;tkdh f;XKs d[Bhnk nZr/ oZfynk
j? fe gfjbK fJ; pqjwzv ftu r?;K jh r?;K ;B, (nzdkIk jh j?) ;{oi
(274)
Bkb'A e[M N[eV/ N[ZN e/ tZy j' rJ/.j"bh j"bh fJj N[eV/ mzY/ j' rJ/.whAj
fgnk, ekJh nfde tBk;gsh g?dk j'Jh. fBZek iht “nwhpk” g?dk
j'fJnk, nwhpk ftueko'A N[ZN e/ fJZe s'A d', d' s'A uko s/ uko s'A nZm
tXdk frnk. djhA nkfd ftu nZi Gh fJjh gqfefonk ubdh j?. fJ; s'A
pkd gkDh tkb/ iht pD/ wzBhd/ jB. fJ;/ eow nXhB Xosh s/ ohArD
tkb/ iht, uZbD tkb/ iht s/ gzSh g?dk j' rJ/. ;G s'A nkyoh, f;yobh
B;b wBZ[y dh wzBh rJh. fJj ftek; fefonk n;zy ;kbK s'A fBozso
ubdh nk ojh j?, fJjh ftfrnkB dk gqtkBs ;Zu j?. id'A ;fsr[o{ BkBe
;kfjp ih B/ fJ; gk;/ ;[osh fposh x[wkJh, sK fJ;/ soQK d/ ftfrnkBe
ftuko gzi ;" ;kb gfjbK gqrN ehs/.
;ku/ s/ gtBk gfJnk gtB? s/ ib[ j'fJ]
ib s/ fsqGtD[ ;kfink xfN xfN i'fs ;w'fJ] (19)
2H fi; G{wh T[FZgo n;hA ihtB fpsk oj/ jK fJ; pko/ ikBD dh
wB[Zy nzdo ;dk s'A b'uk ojh j?. fiE/ ;kfJz; B/ nkgDk gZy g/a; ehsk j?
Xkowe w[yh Gh, nkg' nkgDh gj[zu w[skpe, ftuko gqrN eod/ oj/ jB.
Pkwh ofjpoK (e[okB s"o s/ izp{o nzihb d/ ou?sk) Xosh ƒ ugNh
nkfynk T{pV ykpV nkfynk. ;{oi x[zw fojk j? Xosh fJZe EK ;fEo
fNeh j'Jh j? nkfynk. id'A rbhbhU tor/ wjkB ftfrnkBhnK, ;z;ko
;kjwD/ Xosh pko/ gqubs ftukoK ƒ oZd eoe/ f;ZX ehsk, gJh Xosh r'b
nzvkeko j?, ;{oi fJZe EK ;fEo j?, Xosh ;{oi d[nkb/ goeowk eo
ojh j?. p; fco eh ;h` fJ;kJh Xow w[yhnk B/, n;wkB f;o s/ u[Ze
fbnk. pkJhpb s'A pkrh f:;{ w;hj d/ j[ewK dh T[bzxDk eoB tkbk,
rodkfBnk frnk. oki Pesh ƒ gq/fos eoe/, rbhbhU ƒ ekb e'mVh
ftu pzd eo fdZsk frnk. bzwh e?d s'A pkd so; dh fpB? s/ T[;ƒ i/jb
ftu'A pkjo fbnKdk frnk. T[;ƒ nkgDh “rbsh” bJh w[nkch wzrD
bJh fejk frnk. rbhbhU B/ pV/ mozw/ Bkb gkdoh ns/ oki/ nZr/ w[V
d[jokfJnk ^ “w/o/ e'b'A i' fdb ukj/ nytk bT[, p/Bsh fJ; soK j? fe
Xosh B/ s[jkvh pkJhpb Bjh gVQh. ;{oi sheo Gh s[jkvh pkJhpb dk
T[gd/P BjhA g[Zfink. f:;{ w;hj B/ i' fbfynk j? T[j Xosh ns/ ;{oi ƒ
g[ZSe/ BjhA fbfynk. Xosh gfjbK Gh ;{oi d[nkb/ uZeo eZNdh ;h, nZr'A
(275)
Gh fJ;/ soQK ubdh oj/rh. w?A i' woih fby fdnK fJjBK ƒ e'Jh coe
BjhA g?Dk. feT[Afe fJj pkJhpb d/ r[bkw BjhA jB, Bk jh w/o/.;Zu fJj'
jh j? fe Xosh goeowk eo ojh j?, fJ;/ ekoB o[ZsK w";w fdB oks
pDd/ jBHHHHH.” s/ ftuko/ rbhbhU ƒ w[V e?d ykB/ ftu pzd eo fdZsk,
id'A se T[;dh o{j T[vkoh wkoe/ pkjo BjhA fBeb rJh.
fjzd{ rqzEK d/ sK pfbjko/ ikD ƒ fdb eodk j? fe fJsBk bki[nkp
wB'oziB fJjBK d/ fbykohnK B/ fet/ fby fbnk < ny/ Xosh ;wz[do dh
MZr s'A pDh. fco okyP Xosh ƒ u[Ze e/ d"V rJ/, d/tfsnK izr bVe/
Xosh tkg; y'j fbnkdh. iK fco Xosh P/PBkr d/ f;o s/ fNeh j'Jh
j?. BjhA BjhA` P/P Bkr Bkb ;fjwsh BjhA, fJj X"b/ pbd B/ nkgD/ f;zr
T[go fNekJh j'Jh j?. id'A pbd fJZe f;zr s'A d{i/ f;zr s/ Xosh ƒ
pdbdk j?, sd'A G{ukb nk iKd/ jBHHHHH. fJ; soQK d/ yzfvs ftuko,
puekBhnK rZbK ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ Gh ;[DhnK gVhnK. T[jBK
g{oh db/oh Bkb ;u dk gZbk cfVnk, b'eh eh efjzd/ jB gqtkj BjhA
ehsh. r[o tke fJT[ j? ^
X"b[ Xow[ dfJnk ek g{s[] ;zs'y[ Ekg ofynk fifB ;{fs]
i/ e' p{M/ j't? ;funko[] Xtb? T{gfo e/sk Gko[]
Xosh j'o[ go? j'o[ j'o[] fs;s/ Gko[ sb? etD[ i'o[] (ig[)
;fsr[o{ ih c[owkB eo oj/ jB, j/ ;z;ko d/ b'e' X"bk pbd Xosh
j/mK BjhA j?, ;r'A dfJnk o{gh wK dk Xow (oZph fBnw) o{gh X"bk pbd
j?. i' fe ;zs'y o{gh nIkbh ;{so ftu go'fJnk j'fJnk j?. i/ e'Jh wB[Zy
tkfjr[o{ dh fJ; ndG[s, ns/ ftokNsk ƒ ;wM bt/, T[jh n;b ;Zu d/
B/V/ g[Zfink wzfBnk ikt/rk. eh e'Jh dZ; ;edk j? fe Xosh dk tiB
fezBk j? < fJ; n;hw tiB tkbh Xosh ƒ e'Jh u"gkfJnk pbd BjhA u[Ze
;edk. fco j'o p/nzs jh XoshnK jB, T[jBK ƒ e"D u[Zeh yb'sk j? < sK
brd/ jZE fJj Gh dZ; fdU fe pbd Xosh ƒ u[e e/, yb'sk ekjd/ T[go
j?< T[;ƒ g?o fNekT[D bJh fJZe Xosh Io{o ukjhdh j?. T[; j/mbh Xosh
ƒ u[ZeD tk;s/, fJZe j'o pbd fJZe j'o XoshHHHHH< feZE/ ik e/ fJ; dk
nzs eo'r/< BjhA GkJh fJj e[dos s/ pZMt/A ekƒB w[skpe, jtk ftu
fNeh j'Jh j?. fe;/ pbd d/ f;zr T[go BjhA. gowkswk pj[s wjkB j?,
T[;B/ fpBK gosZy fd;d/ ;jko/ s'A, jtk ftu fNek fdZsh j?. r[otke jB L^
(276)
“gT[D[ T[gkfJ, Xoh ;G Xosh, ib nrBh ek pzX[ ehnk]” (350)
;fsr[o{ ih B/ sK nkgD/ nB[Gt Bkb fJj Gh ;gPN fby fdZskl
GkJh feT[A fJ; MrV/ ftu g?Ad/ j' < Xosh Gh ubdh j?, ;{oi Gh ubdk
j?, skok wzvb ;w/s ;w[Zuk pqjwzv rshPhb j?. i/ fJj o[e ikD sK
fIzdrh Gh o[e (ftBkP) ikt/rh. r[o tke fJT[A jB ^
“w[ekw[ fs; B' nkyhJ/ fi; f;f; B j'th b/y[]
“n;wkB Xosh ub;h” w[ekw T[jh J/e[]”
“fdB oft ub? fBf; ;f; ub? skfoek by gb'fJ.”
w[ekw[ T[jh J/e[ j? BkBek ;u[ p[r'fJ]” (64)
;fsr[o{ ih sK p/nzs T[FZu/ ftfrnkBe ftuko gqrN eod/ j'fJ j'o
dZ; oj/ jB ^
G? ftfu ;{oi[ G? ftfu uzd[] e'j eo'Vh ubs B nzs[] (464)
3H ;w[zdo ;dk jh wB[Zy dh fdbu;gh dk e/Ado fojk j?. fezBk
v{zxk j?, fesBk tZvk j?, ftu eh eh S[fgnk j'fJnk j?, yk; eo fJj gkDh
fNfenk j'fJnk fet/A j? < e'Jh tZNK ezXK o'eK feXo/ BiohA BjhA g?dhnK.
g"okDe eEk ejkDhnK ftu ;w[zdo dk foVeDk Gh ebfgnk frnk. fiBQk
t;sK dh wB[Zy ƒ b'uk ;h, T[jBK dh ;w[zdo ftu'A gqkgsh Gh ebgh rJh.
Xosh dk w[ZY ;w[zdo ftu'A pZfMnk. nr;s w[Bh (ekbgfBe) r[Z;/ ftu
nk e/ ;ko/ ;w[zdoK dk gkDh fJZe' tkoh vhe bk e/ gh frnk. ihtK d/
p/Bsh eoB s/ ;kok ghsk gkDh fgPkp okjhA pkjo eZY fdZskHHHHnkfd.
fJ; ftu s/ e'Jh PZe BjhA fe gkDh ihtB dk w[ZY j?, go ;w[zdo tkbh
p[Mkos b'eK bJh fiT[A dh fsT[A poeoko j?. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih ƒ
g[ZS t/yhJ/ gksPkj ihU ` s[;hA feogk eoe/ dZ;', fJzBk ;kok gkDh fet/A
fNfenk j'fJnk j? <
Ghsfo nrfB pBk;gfs wT[bh ;kro gzv? gkfJnk]
uzd[ ;{oi[ d[fJ xo jh Ghsfo n?;k frnkB B gkfJnk] (1171)
xkj iK s{Vh ƒ fJZe EK s'A d{ih EK fbikD tk;s/ fgSb/ ;fwnK
ftu fJZe w'N/ eZgV/ ftu s{Vh nkfd gk e/, uzrh soQK pzBQ fbnk iKdk ;h.
fJ; fefonk ƒ “yzv pzB b?Dh” nkfynk iKdk ;h. fJ; Ppdktbh dh
tos'A eod/ j'J/ ;kfjp r[o{ BkBe ih ;wMk oj/ jB. n? ;z;ko d/ b'e',
fJ; ;w[zdo d/ nBzs nEkj gkDh d[nkb/ e'N ezXK BjhA jB. fJzBhnK ezXK
(277)
e"D eZY ;edk j? < fJj sK T[; nrzw nr'uo gqw/Po dh fBnw o{gh
dhtko j?, i' uko/ gkf;nK s'A gkDh ƒ o'e ojh j?. T[; y[dkJh ekƒB
(BkBe j[ew? i/ p[M?^ig[) d/ ;jko/ jh gkDh o[fenk j'fJnk j?. toBk fJj
ed/ dk T[v$o[VQ frnk j[zdk, nkgDh r[o{sk ekoB fJeZmk j?.
4H ;z;ko d/ “f;nkfDnK” B/ fJZe Xosh, fJZe uzdowk s/ fJZe
;{oi ƒ jh e[M jZd se ikfDnk ;h. fNwNwkT[Ad/ sko/ pZ; r[ZMk G/d jh
;B. fd;d/ skfonK s'A go/, dh d[Bhnk pko/ ;'uDk s/ b'ekJh ƒ dZ;Dk
e/tb ebgDk d/ x'V/ jh ;B. ;BksBh rqzEK B/ gkskb b'e, wks b'e (fiE/
n;hA ofj oj/ jK) ns/ nkekP b'e fbfynk. iK e[M ;tor Boe dh
ebgDk ehsh. fJ; s'A nZr/ pko/ ;'uD, ftukoB s'A, T[j n;woE ;B.
fJ; s'A nZr/ fJ;bkw s/ fJ;kJhns B/ e[M g[bKxK g[ZNhnK. u"dK spe iK
nmkoK jIko nkbw se, SbKr brk fdZsh. ny/ p; ` fJ; s'A nZr/ j'o
e[M BjhA j?. ;kfjp r[o{ BkBe ih s'A g[ZShJ/` ihU s[jkvk fJ; pko/ eh
j[ew j? <
gkskbk gkskb by nkrk;k nkrk;]
UVe UVe Gkb Ee/ t/d ejfB fJe tks]
;j; nmkoj efjB es/pk n;[b{ fJe Xks[]
b/yk j'fJ s fbyhn? b/y? j'fJ ftDk;[] (ig[)
;fsr[o{ ih dZ;d/ jB fe GkJh frDsh tkb/ fjzd;/ w[Ze iKd/ jB,
go pqjwzvK yzvK dk e'Jh UVe nzs BjhA j?. fJT[A efj bJhJ/ fe n;zy
jB, frDsh Bk w[wfeB j?. ;r'A ig[ pkDh ftu jh nr/ ik e/ ;fsr[o{ j'o
dZ; gkT[Ad/ jB^
yzv gskb n;zy w? rDs B j'Jh] (1283)
“e/s/ fJzd uzd ;{o e/s/, e/s/ wzvb d/;]
e/s/ f;X p[X BkE e/s/, e/s/ d/th t/;]HHHH
e/shnk ykDh e/shnK pkDh e/s/ gkfs Bfozd]
e/shnk ;[osh ;/te e/s/, BkBe nzs[ B nzs] (ig[)
5H ;fsr[o{ ih pVhnK gs/ dhnK ftfrnkBe ftukoK ;kv/ ;Bw[y
oyd/ ub/ ik oj/ jB. e[M b'eK ƒ gsk ;h fe d[ZX ftu'A (fJZe gqfefonk
g{oh eoe/) wZyD fxT[ gqkgs j' iKdk j?. rzB/ ftu'A o; eZY e/, ekjVe/,
r[V PZeo fsnko ehsh ik ;edh j?. c[ZbK ftu y[Pp{ j[zdh j?, PhP/ ftu
(278)
t/yD tkb/ dk jh ne; j'fJnk eodk j?. bZeVh nzdo nZr j?, fJj fe;/
ftob/ ƒ gsk j't/rk. r[opkDh ftu fJjBK rZbK pko/ nkw jtkb/ fwb iKd/
jB ^
gtfB go'fJU ;rb nekok gkte ek;N ;zr/]
Bho[ XofD efo oky/ J/es e'fJ B fe; jh ;zr/] (1235)
;fsr[o{ ih dZ;d/ jB fe jtk d/ ;tk; o{gh v'o ftu ;ko/ ;oho
(iht tB;gsh nkfd) pZM/ eko ewk oj/ jB. bZeVh d/ nzdo nZr w"i{d
j?, go ;ziw ftu j?. ;w[zdo dk gkDh pj[s fInkdk j? Xosh e/tb u"Ek
e[ fjZ;k jh j?. go t/y' n;uoi e"se, Xosh dh fwZNh y[oe/ ;w[zdo ftu
nb'g BjhA j' iKdh. ofjzd/ fJZeZm/ jB, b/feB ;fj:'r pfDnk j'fJnk j?.
j'o ;[D' ^
g[jg wfX fiT[ pk;[ p;s[ j? w[eo wkfj i?;/ SkJh. (684)
cb ekoB c{bh pBokfJ] cb[ bkrk sp c{b[ fpbkfJ]
frnkB? ekoB eow nfGnk;] frnkB[ GfJnk sj eowfj Bk;[]
fxqs ekoB dfX wE? f;nkB] ihtB w[efs ;dk fBopkB] (1167)
6H ;{oi dh s/i nrBh s'A goGkts j' e/, d[Bhnk d/ f;nkfDnK
B/ fenk; nokJhnK ehshnK fe ;{oi pj[s tZvk j? wjkB j?, ihtB dk
;'wk j?, ukBD eoB bJh oZp B/ g?dk ehsk j?HHHH. uzdowk pko/ rZb ;gPN
BjhA j' ojh ;h, gJh fJj uwedk j?, b/feB sgP g?dk BjhA eodk. fJj
fej' fijh “nrBh” j?, i' mzYe fijh Svdh gqshs j[zdh j? < fjzd{ g"okDe
eEktK ftu uzd ƒ u"dK osBK d/ Bkb jh ;w[zdo ftu'A fBefbnk gqtkB eo
fbnk frnk. “nrBh iK o'PBh mzve sK jh d/ ;edh j? i/ gkDh ftu'A g?dk
j'Jh j't/”, T[jBK fJjh ;'funk. Bkb jh uzdowk ƒ w"s d/ d/ts/, fPt d/
e/;K ftu r[bkp d/ c[Zb tKr fNek fdZsk frnk. pj[s ;kok Gkosh ;wki
fJ;dh g{ik Gh eoB br fgnk. fJ; s'A Gh nZr/ tXe/ eJh ;kfonK B/ sK
uzd Bkb B/V/ dh foPs/dkoh Gh rzY bJh “wkwk ih”. ewkb fJj gJh
fJj nfijk “wkwk ih” j? i' thj g[;sK gfjbK iBw/ pZfunK dk Gh wkwk
;h, s/ nZi g?dk j'D tkb/ Gh fJ; ƒ wkwk jh wzBDr/. fJj j? ;dk pjko
“wkwk”. eot/ u"E dk tos ysw eoB s'A gfjbK fjzd{ ;wki dhnK
phphnK B/ uzd dh T[;ss ftu rhs rkT[D/ Gh P[o{ eo fdZs/. fJ;bkw
tkfbnK B/ o'fInK dh ;wkgsh s/ uzd t/ye/ o'Ik y'bQDk j[zdk j?. nkw s"o
(279)
s/ “d{i ek uKd” pV/ B;hpK Bkb fd;dk j?. i/ BK fd;/ sK nrb/ fdB s/
rZb ubh iKdh j?. u"XthA dk uzd, g[zfBnk dk uzd, Gh b'e p'bhnK, nykDk
ftu nkgDh ftP/P EK oZydk j?. “uzB tork w[ZyVk” sK S[gkfJnk Gh Bjh
S[gdk. s/ eJh sK f;ZX/ jh uzd pD pfjzd/ jB. eJh tkoh uzd pZdbK ftu
b[Ze iKdk j?, edh ftukok “eoi/” d/ Gko EZb/ dZfpnk Pow dk wkok, w{zj
b[ek e/ pfj iKdk j?. uzdowk dh pzd ybk;h bJh, b'ehA gzfvs (gkyzvs
ih) ih ƒ dkB eod/ jB, s/ w[esh eokT[Ad/ jB. fe;/ tes fJzdo dk jZE
m'ek pDe/, r"sw dh gsBh, njZfbnk dh p/gsh eotkT[D bJh e[eow dk
Gkrhdko pDe/ e[ZeV dk o{g XkoB eoe/, e'm/ uVQ tes s'A gfjbK e[ZeV{z
e[V{z dh pKr d/ fdzdk j?. ftuko/ :'oghB b'e fJ; rb'A nGkr/ jh oj/,
w";w dh yokph ekoB, T[jBK d/;K ftu Bk uzdowK dk ukn, Bk nc;';,
Bk T[;dk fIzdrh ftu e'Jh fjZ;k. j[D sK uzd s/ ;?o Gh ;zGt j'D bZrh
j?.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJ; “uzd wkw/” ƒ fInkdk wjZssk BjhA fdZsh.
ubzs w[jkto/ w[skpe ;fji Gk fes/ fIeo p/PZe eoBk g? frnk, Gko{
BjhA j'D fdZsk frnk. fJ; s'A “uzdo ;kb” tkbk ebzvo Gh b'ehA fsnko
eod/ jB. fJ;bkw dk ;kok fjIoh ;kb uzd Bkb jh i'fVnk frnk j?.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJ;ƒ oZph dhge nky e/ ;bkfjnk j?, (oft uzd[ dhge
pB/^663) ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ fJj uzrh soQK gsk ;h, fe uzd dh o"PBh nkgDh
BjhA j?. fJj ;{oi s'A “j[Xkoh” bJh rJh j?. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ gktB
ftfrnkBe puB gVQ' ^
Gko nmkoj wkbD s/oh] uT[o[ Y[b? gtD/ b? c/oh]
uzd[ ;{oi[ d[fJ dhge oky/ “;f; xfo ;{o[ ;wkfJdk”] (1033)
;fsr[o fwbj[ nkg/ gqG sko/]“;f; xfo ;{o[ dhge[ r?Dko/”.
dfy nfdq;N[ ojj[ fbt bkrh ;G[ fsqGtfD pqjw[ ;pkfJnk] (1041) /
7H ;fsr[o{ ih ftfrnkB ƒ fesBhnK v{zxhnK gosK sZe ikDd/
;B, gVQe/ T[jBK d/ uoBK s/ pd'pdh ;h; M[e iKdk j?. w"i{dk d"o ftu
pj[s ;ko/ ftfrnkBhnK d/ ;KM/ isBK ;dek eJh Bt/A G/d y[bQd/ ik oj/
jB. y'i eoB bJh ndG[s bpkNohnK, wfjzr/ n"iko, ;oekoK tZb'A
fdZsk ikD tkbk nEkj g?;k. sK feXo/ e'Jh BthA bZGs gqkgs j[zdh j?.
nZi s'A brgr gzi ;" ;kb gfjbK pko/ ;'u' ` sd'A ftfrnkB fezBk e[
(280)
fte;s ;h. y'i ekoiK bJh feZE/ ;B ;Z[y ;j{bsK < fco ftZfdnk gZy'A,
wkBf;e pDso gZy'A, ;wki fezBk gSfVnk j'fJnk ;h. nfij/ d"o ftu,
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp rrB wzvbK *s/ ;{oi ts uwe/. fIzdrh d/ jo gfjb{
s/ T[jBK Gog{o o'PBh gkJh. bT[ fJZe j'o B[es/ s/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ftuko
;wMD dh e'fPP eohJ/.nZr dh sk;ho j? row, ftdtkBK B/ nZr ƒ ;{oi
dk nzP Gh gqtkfBnk j?. fiZE/ jkbks Y[et/A pD ikD, fJj nrBh gbK
ftu jh ;G e[ZM ;kV e/ ;[nkj eo fdzdh j?. fiE/ nZr ;ziw ftu ofje/
;wMdko B'eo tKr, ;kv/ nDfrDs ezw ;ztkodh j?. T[E/ p/ekp{ j'Jh,
fpBk ftseo/ s'A, pr?o fbjki ehs/,i' wko ftu nkfJnk G;wK G{s eo
fdzdh j?. wBZ[ysk dh spkjh tk;s/ wB[Zy tZb'A (ftfrnkBhnK) i' wko{
jfEnko pDke/ rJ/ jB, bZrGr ;kfonK ftu jh nrBh nkgDh fenkwsh
y/v y/vdh j?. nkw eoe/ d[Bhnk Go ftu, tosh wPhBoh ƒ ubkT[D
tk;s/, nZr fJZe nfjw o'b ndk eodh j?. d{i/ xo bZr/ p;zso fd;dh
j?, nkgD/ xo nZr dk ;/e bZrdk j?. r[opkDh ftu nZr ƒ pj[s ;ko/
noEK ftu tofsnk j?. n;hA f;oc fJ;dk “gkDh Bkb w/b” ;wMD dk
isB eoKr/. nZr beVh d/ nzdo j?, r[otke jB ^
ek;N wfj fiT[ j? p?;zso[ wfE ;zifw ekfY eYhi?]
okwBkw[ j? i'fs ;pkJh ss[ r[owfs ekfY bJhi?] (1323)
PkfJd pj[s ;ko/ b'eK ƒ fJ; rZb dk gsk Bk j't/ fe wB[Zyh ;oho
ftu nZr ns/ gkDh w"i{d jB. ;oho dk skgwkB (rowkfJPOnZr) xZN
tZX j' ikt/ sK s[ozs vkeNoh ;jkfJsk b?Dh g?Adh j?. ykDk jiw eoB
bJh, ;oho dk b'V w[skpe row ofjDk bkIwh j?. e[dos d/ efoPw/
t/y' ` nB/e iht i' wk;kjkoh jB, eZuk wk; yKd/ jB. T[jBK d/ g/N ftu
fgnk (ykXk frnk) wk; jiw j' iKdk j?, go nkgD/ nzdobhnK wk; s'A
pDhnK BkVhnK, fwjdk ;jh ;bkws ofjzd/ jB. wkdk d/ g/N ftubk
pZuk, nZr gkDh ftu ofj e/ Gh, g{oh soQk ;[oZfyns ofjzdk j?. fJ;
;oho dh nZr ƒ ;kfjse p'bh ftu “imo nrBh” fejk iKdk j?. d{ih
j? “dktk nrBh”, Gkt izrb ftu d' ;[e/ pK;K dh brkskoh orV s'A, i'
nZr g?dk j' ikt/. izrbK dh tZv/ gZXo s/ spkjh fJ;/ dktk nrBh Bkb
j'Jh wzBh iKdh j?. pZ; r[opkDh w[skpe^dktk nrfB pj[s[ fsqD ikb/ e'Jh
jfonk p{N[ ofjU oh] (384) id'A izrb ƒ nZr bZrdh j? gzSh T[v iKd/
(281)
jB, go T[jBK d/ pZu/ s/ nzv/ G;w j' ikd/ jB. tZv/ ikBto d"V iKd/ jB,
pZu/ s/ ewI'o ;V wod/ jB. eJh ;ko/ jkEh rktK wZMK fjoB nkfd S/sh
Bkb B/V/ d/ gkDh ftu SbKrK brk fdzd/ jB. nZr p[Mh s'A jh tkg; nkT[Ad/
jB. sh;oh fe;w j? pVtk nrBh` fJ; dk fIeo xZN j'fJnk j?.
feT[AFe fiE/ fJj nZr g?dk j[zdh j?, T[E/ sZe wB[Zy dh gj[zu BKj d/ pokpo
j[zdh j?. id'A ;w[zdo ftu s[ckB T[FZmdk j? sd'A fJ; ;w[zdoh (pVtk
nrBh) nrBh dhnK bkNK d{o d{o se fdykJh fdzdhnK jB. nfij/
jkbks ftu fxo/ s/ pue/ nkJ/ wS/o/ iK ijkIh, fJ; fdb ezpkT{ sKvt
Bku dk, edh edkJh fIeo eod/ jB. j? Bk e[dos dk nB'yk y/b` beVh
ftu'A nkgD/ nkg nZr g?dk j' rJh. ;wz[do dhnK bfjoK (gkDh) ftu'A
nZr d/ GkpV pbd/ fd;d/ jB. Xosh d/ nzdo gkDh Gh j? s/ nZr Gh
w"i{d j?. r?;K bktk c[ZNDk, G[ukb nkT[D/, fJ;dk gqsZy gqwkD jB.
;kvh j?okBh sd'A f;yoK se g[Zidh j? id'A y[d “gkDh ƒ nZr
bZrh” t/yd/ jK. pZdb fJZeZm/ j'J/, jtk d[nkok NeokJ/ s/ bZrhnK n;wkB
ftu'A fGnkBe nktkiK nkT[D. fJj rVrVkjN ekjdh j? < bT[ fJj
f;oc roiDk BjhA ;h, nZyK u[zfXnk d/D tkbh o'PBh Gh g?dk j'Jh ;h.
j'o nktkiK j'o uweHHHHfJj T[gobh roi s/ uwe Xosh s/ nk fvZrh.
fiZE/ gJh, gbK ftu ;G spkjh wZu rJh. fJj eh pbk ;h Gbk < gkDh
ftu'A g?dk j'Jh nrBh. e'Jh ;Zu wzB ;edk j? fe gkDh ƒ nZr Gh bZr
;edh j?. ;w[zdo dh nZr ftob/ wB[Zy B/ t/yh j?. nkj nk;wkB ftu
s?od/ pdbk ƒ bZrh nZr sK ;kfonK B/ t/yh j?.Xosh s/ wko eodh, gob'
po;kT[Adh sK fJj “gkDh dh nZr” ;GBk t/yh j?. gkme iB'A ;fsr[o{ ih
sK j'o pj[s nZr/ dhnK rZbK d;d/ jB. T[j sK nky oj/ jB GkJh gkDh
ftu nZr w"i{d j?, s/ nZr ftu gkDh Gog{o wksok ftu ;wkfJnk j'fJnk
j?. nkw fJB;kB ƒ BjhA fd;dk, go ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ gzi ;" ;kb gfjbK
fd; fgnk ;h. ftfrnkBhnK ƒ Gh p; “nZi eZbQ” jh fdZf;nk j?. r[o{
tke gVQ' ^
“gkT[D? gkDh nrBh ek w/b[”] uzub ugb p[fX ek y/b[](152)
fifB ehsk wkNh s/ osB] “roG wfj” okfynk fifB efo isB] (177)
gT[D T[gkfJ Xoh ;G Xosh “ib nrBh ek pzX[ ehnk”](350)
(282)
ftfrnkBh p'bh ftu fJZe f;XKs j? fi;ƒ “H O” (n?u d' U)2
nkyd/ jB. n?u dk wsbp j? jkJhvq'iB s/ ‘U’ dk wkfjBk j? n"e;hiB.
id'A d't/A nbZr nbZr r?; o{g ftu j'D sk n"e;hiB, i' nZr pbD ftu
;jkfJsk eodh j?. jkJhvq'iB sK wkB' j? jh fBoh nZr. fJ; r?; s'A pD/
pzp tZvh spkjh eoB tkb/ jB. nuzG/ dh rb j? fe d't/A r?;K sob pDk
e/ fwbk fdshnK ikD sK < eh pD/rk Gbk < ih jK fJjh pD/rk fIzdrh
godkB eoB tkbk ;'wk, “gfjbk gkDh ihT[ j? fis[ jfonk ;G[ e'fJ”.(472)
p{zd s'A b? e/ ;kro sZe gkDh fJjBK d' r?;K s'A pfDnk j'fJnk j?. nZr
ftu gkDh s/ gkDh ftu nrBh ;wkJh j'Jh j?. fIzdrh ns/ w"s B/ wkB'
rbteVh gkJh j'Jh j?. ifjo ftu nzfwqs s/ nzfwqs ftu Ifjo w"i{d j?.
fi; soQK e'Jh tos'A eoBh ukj/ eo ;edk j?.
wkfJnk wwsk w'jDh fifB ehsh ;' ikD[]
fpfynk nzfwqs J/e[ j? p{M/ g[oy ;[ikD[] (937)
;kro wfj p{zd, p{zd wfj ;kro[ etD p[M? fpfX ikD?]
T[sG[i ubs nkfg efo uhB? nkg/ ss[ gSkD?] (878)
8H ftfrnkB dhnK bZGsK ftu'A fJZe ndG[s y'i j? gqwkD{ (n?Nw)
dh. id'A fJ; dh tos'A eoB dk “uZi” ftfrnkBhnK B/ f;Zy fbnk, sd'A
fJj fJZe fBZek fijk feDek, nsh ;{yw IZok, ;w[zdo ftu s{ckB g?dk eo
;edk j?. fjwkbk gops ƒ T[bNk ;edk j?, x[Zr tZ;dh Xosh ƒ pzio
pDk ;edk j?. fJ; s'A tZyoh fdPk ftu id'A T[;ko{ ekoiK bJh fJ; dh
;koEe tos'A eoBh f;Zy bJhJ/, sK fJjh fBZek fizB, i' nbkdhB d/
fuokr ftu'A g?dk j'fJnk ebfgnk frnk ;h, nkgDh n;hw Pesh ;w/s
nk ;bkw eodk j?. fiBQK c?eNohnK ftu p/nzs fpibh tosh iKdh j?.
fJ; s'A gfjbK jIkoK NB e'bk pkbD tk;s/ you j' iKdk ;h. T[jBK
wPhBK c?eNohnK ƒ fdB oks ubkT[D bJh fJZe “fBZek f;zx” (n?Nw) dk
e[M rqkw j'Dk jh ekch j?. uzd skfonK tZb bzwk g?Avk s?j eoB tkb/
okeN, s/b gNo'b dk Gko uZ[e e/ BjhA T[FZv ;ed/. fJj Gh n?Nw dh jh
eokwks j? fe e[M feZb' :{o/Bhnw (n?Nw dh fJZe fsnko ;[dkftXh)
fJjBK s/i rsh okeNK ƒ bZyK whbK se uZeo brtk fdzdk j?. n?Nw
fJzBk S'Nk j? fe Bzrh nZy Bkb fJ; ƒ t/fynk BjhA ik ;edk. ;{Jh d/ BZe/
fizBh EK ftu fJj jIkok bZyK ;wk ;ed/ jB. fJ; d/ ezw eoB dh
(283)
;kXkoD fijh, ;wM nk ;eD tkbh, ftXh fJj j? fe ftfrnkBh, nkgD/
T[geoDK Bkb fJZe n?Nw ftu ft;c'N eoe/, T[;ƒ s'V fdzd/ jB. p;
fco fJj “r[Z;/” ftu nk ikdk j? s/ “xo c{e swkPk” eo ftykT[Adk j?.
Gkt fe fJZe N[ZfNnk gqwkD{ nZr'A j'o eJhnK ƒ s'Vdk j?. T[j eJh N[ZNe/
nr'A nDfrDs ƒ s'Vd/ ub/ iKd/ jB. s/ wB[Zy fi; soQK dk ezw fJ; s'A
b?Dk ukj/ b? ;edk j?, ;w/s n?Nw pzpK d/.
fJj fBZek n?Nw edh nkokw BjhA eodk. ;dk nkgD/ X[o/ d[nkb/
gqeowK eodk ofjzdk j?. fJjBK dh pDso e[M fJ; soQK dh dZ;h iKdh
j?, fe fBT{NokB, fJb?eNokB nkgDh BkGh (e/Adoh X[ok) d[nkb/ ;dk
uZeo eZNd/ ofjzd/ jB. i' dhtkoK fJZNK ;hfwzN dhnK pDhnK BIo nk
ojhnK jB, fJjBK ftu Gh fJjh XVeD w"i{d j?. o[ZyK fpoyK ihtK
izs{nK d/ ;oho Gh, fJ;/ fefonk nXhB jB. i' fBofizd fd;dk gZEo
(gjkV) ;dhnK s'A nfjb d;k ftu fJZe' EK fNfenk j'fJnk j?, eh s[;hA
;wMd/ j' T[j w[odk j? < ih BjhA` T[; d/ nzdo Gh XVeD j?, b/feB T[j
;kƒ ;[Ddh fd;dh BjhA j?. gZEo d/ nzdo Gh n?Nw nkgDh goeowk eo
oj/ jB. fJj “nDEZe :'X/” fpBk o[e/ fpBk nkokw ehs/, fpBk e[M (;kv/
tKr) ykX/ ghs/, fpBk wzfib dh :ksok s/, ;dk s'A ub oj/ jB. id'A s'A
f;q;Nh ;kih rJh j? sd'A s'A jh, s/ ofjzdh d[Bhnk se fJjBK dk ;co
ikoh oj/rk. n?Nw dh j'Ad fezBh S'Nh j?, skes T[; ftu fezBh S[gh j'Jh
j?, ;wMe/ ft;wkd dh nt;Ek skoh j' iKdh j?. fJ; bJh ;fsr[o{ ih B/
pko pko gq/oDk ehsh j? ^
wfs ftfu osB itkjo wkfDe, i/ fJe r[o eh f;y ;[Dh] (ig[)
i' pqjwzv/ ;'Jh fgzv/, i' y'i? ;' gkt?] (695)
gqrNh i'fs fwfNnk nzfXnkok] okw osB gkfJnk eos phukok] (1349)
gqwkD{z pko/ ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ gsk j?, T[;dh n;hw s/ ndG[s eokwksh
Pesh pko/ Gh wjkB ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ v{zxk frnkB j?. T[d'A Gkt/A n?Nw dh
Pesh gqkgs eoB tk;s/ ;kXB w"i{d BjhA ;B. ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ w[ezwb
nB[Gt j? fJ; dh ftokN skes dk. fJ; nrb/ r[opkDh gqwkD ftu
;fsr[o{ pyfPP eo oj/ jB ^ j/ GkJh` gqwkD{ dh n;hw skes jk;b
eoe/ (tos'A eoBh f;Zye/) wB[Zy, nZy MgeD fizB/ ;w/A ftu (Gkt S/sh)
(284)
yzvK pqjwzvK dh :ksok eoe/, tkg; gos ;edk j?. fJ; gqwkD{ dh tos'A
Bkb nB/e ;Z[y ;j{bsK gqkgs ehshnK ik ;edhnK jB. go fJB;kB ƒ
wkBf;e PKsh gqkgs BjhA j' ;e/rh. ;dhthA ;[Zy sK ;fsr[o{ d/ uoDK
ftu'A fwb/rk, r[o{ j[ew ftu ihtB pshs eoB ftu Bkb gqkgs j't/rk.
“gowkD'” goizs nkek;j dhg b'n f;yzvDj]
rS/D, B?D Gko/D, BkBe, fpBk ;kX{ B f;Xs/] (1360)
9H s/ j[D brd/ jZE ftu wBZ[yh ;oho dh pDso, ezw skes ns/
w"s pko/ Gh ftuko eo jh bJhJ/. fJ; rb BKb sK d[BhnK Go d/ f;nkD/
;fjws jB, fe wB[Zyh ;oho gziK sZsK dk pfDnk j'fJnk j?. fJj gzi
jB ^ fwZNh, gkDh, jtk, nrBh s/ nkek;, Gkt fi; nfdZy “oZph ebk”
dh pd"bs fJj ;oho joes ftu nkT[Adk j?. edh nzso nksw/ T[so e/
oZph ekokroh ƒ ikBD dk isB eo'. wB[Zy d/ nzdo (jo fJZe Bo wkdk
ftu fJjh gqfeqnk j?) ihBI e"D g?dk eodk j? < T[j Gh nDfrDs eo'VK
nopK dh wksok ftu. Bo wkdk d/ ;zi'r ;w/A fJj fBZe/ ihBI fJZe d{i/
s'A ekjb/, XkJh eod/ j'J/ gZe u[Ze/ wkdk nKv/ nzdo dkyb j'Dk b'ud/
jB. eo'VK ihBI ftu'A, ;G s'A “skesto, s/I d"Vke” e/tb fJZe jh
nKv/ ftu gqt/P eo ;edk j?, s/ Bkb jh nKv/ dk dotkik (w{zj) pzd j'
iKdk j?. eo'VK ftu'A edh fJZe nX ukB; j[zdk j? fe fJZe s'A tX/o/ ihBI
nKv/ ftu dkyb j' ;eD. T[gqzs fJj wkw{bh fijk iht i' Bzrh nZy Bkb
t/fynk BjhA ik ;edk, gqc[bs j'Dk P[o{ eo fdzdk j? ^
wK eh oes fgsk fpzd[ Xkok] w{ofs ;{ofs efo ngkok]
i'fs dkfs i/sh ;G s/oh s{z eosk ;G mkJh j/] (1022)
fJ; s'A pknd tXdk j'fJnk ;oho dk nkeko XkoB eoB br
g?Adk j?. oZph fBnw d/ nB[;ko roG ftu pZu/ dh oZfynk ;zGkb j[zdh j?.
r[otke jB ^
fifB ehsk wkNh s/ osB] roG wfj okfynk fifB efo isB] (177)
fJ; s'A pkd i' nZr/ gqfefonk ubdh j?, ;fsr[o{ ih fJZe fJZe
B[es/ ƒ ;kc eod/ ik oj/ jB. ;[D' ^
fifB s{z ;kfi ;tkfo ;hrkfonk]
roG nrfB wfj fiBfj T[Gkfonk]
pko fpt;Ek s[Mfj fgnko? d{X] Gfo i'pB G'iB ;[y ;{X]
(285)
fpofX GfJnk T{gfo ;ke ;?B] w[fy nfgnkT[ p?m eT[ d?B]
fJj[ fBor[B[ r[B[ eS{ B p{M?] pyf; b/j[ sT[ BkBe ;hM?] (266)
;fsr[o{ ih ;wMk oj/ jB fe GkJh s{z j? sK e/tb fwZNh dk g[sbk
jh Bk. rop fe; rZb dk eo fojk j?A < wkNh e' g[sok e?;/ Bus j?] d/y?
d/y? ;[B? p'b? dT[foU fcos[ j?](487)
fJ; ;oho ƒ bZeV dh pDh g{sbh Gh nkfynk j?, fi; dh v'o
wkbe d/ jZE j[zdh j?, fit/A ukj/ Bukt/.
ekm eh g{soh ejk eo? pg[oh fybktB jko' ikB?]
i?;k G/y[ eokt? pkihro[ Uj[ s?;' jh ;ki[ nkB?] (206)
i/ nkw ;wkie gqkDh dh ihtBh ƒ d; fjZf;nK ftu tzv, BePk
fyZuDk j't/ sK ;fsr[o{ ih s'A g[ZShJ/ ^
gfjb? fgnkfo brk ED d[fX] d{i/ wkfJ pkg eh ;[fX]
shi/ G:k Gkph p/p] uT[E? fgnkfo T[gzBh y/Y]
gzit? ykD ghnD eh Xks[] Sht? ekw[ B g[S? ikfs]
;st? ;zfi ehnk xo tk;] nmt? eq'X[ j'nk sB Bk;[]
Bkt? XT[b/ T[G/ ;kj] d;t? dXk j'nk ;[nkj] (137)
fJ;/ soQK ;fsr[o[ ih B/ fJZe j'o Ekt/A ihtB fefonk fJT[ Gh
;wMkJh j? ^
d; pkbsfD, ph; otfD, sh;K ek ;[zdo[ ejkt?]
ukbh;h g[o[ j'fJ guk;h gr[fy;? ;mh e/ p'Y/gk nkt?]
;sfo ek wfs jhD[ n;hjK ek ftT[jko[ B gkt?]
Bt/ ek ;fjik ;Dh w{b[ B ikD/ ng pb[]
YzY'fbw[ Y{fYw[ fvm[w? BkBe ir[ X{J/ ek Xtbjo[] (138)
fJj ;h ;zy/g sohe/ r[opkDh okjh fpnkB ehsh ihtB fefonk.
gJh fet/A fet/A wBZ[y, ;ohoe ns/ wkBf;e s"o s/ ;wki ftu ftuodk,
ftek; eodk j?. T[FZgo fpnkB ehsk fposKs bZrGr ftfrnkB w[skpe
;jh ;kps j[zdk j?. fJ; s'A pknd nkT[Adh j? ftuko ;oho d/ nzs pko/
:kBh fe w"s. ftfrnkBh wB iK nkswk ƒ f;X/ Yzr Bkb ;theko BjhA
eod/. i' gEkoE bpkoNoh ftu gofynk ik ;e/, ;p{s g/P ehs/ ik
;eD ;kfJz;dkB T[;/ pko/ uouk eod/ jB. fiBQK pkeh sZsK s'A ;oho
nkeko XkoB eod/ jB, w"s j' ikD s/ tkg; T[j nkgD/ w{b ftu ;wk
(286)
iKd/ jB. fJ; s/ ftfrnkB dh g{oB ;fjwsh j?. wjkB ;fsr[o{ ih B/
fJ; gZy ƒ Gh g{oh p/pkeh Bkb fpnkB ehsk j?. j'o ws wsKsoK pko/
;zy/g fNZgDhnK Gh r[opkDh ftu'A gqkgs j' ikdhnK jB. r[opkDh d[Bhnk
d/ pkeh XowK d/ w[ekpb/ ftfrnkB d/ pj[s B/V/ j?. w"s eh j? < fwbe/
ezw eo oj/ ;oho d/ sZsK dk ezw SZv d/Dk. ekoB nB/e j' ;ed/ jB,
p[Ykgk, fpwkoh, d[oxNBk nkfd. i' sZs ;oho ƒ ubdh jkbs ftu
oZydk j?, T[jh sZs fJ; ;oho ƒ fpyoB s'A rbB ;VB s'A pukT[Adk j?.
d/j nzdo nkgD/ nkg w[ozws ns/ ;ckJh dh fefonk jo tes uZbdh
ofjzdh j?. fJj i' d/j ƒ j[ew fdzdk j? e"D j? < wB < nkswk < oZph i's <
fJj eh j? < id'A d/j fpyo iKdh j?, d/j dk “;tko wkbe” feE/ ubk
iKdk j? <
;oho d/ fpyo ikD s/ ;fsr[o{ ewkb ftfrnke ftuko ;z;ko
;Bw[Zy oZyd/ jB. j/ GkJh wodk e"D j? < n;b ftu e'Jh BjhA wodk,
e/tb sZs nkgDk ;o{g pdb b?Ad/ jB. fJj iht o{g gzSh T[vkoh wko
iKdk j? ^
ib eh Ghfs gtB ek EzGk oes p{zd ek rkok]
jkv wk; BkVh e' fgzio[ gzyh p;? fpukok] (659)
nZr/ ;fsr[o{ ih pyfPP eod/ jB fe GkJh jtk gkDh s/ nZr
nkfde sZsK dk ;[w/b j' frnk. fJBQK sZsK d/ pD/ ;oho ftZu uzub fijh
p[ZXh gk fdZsh. fJ; ƒ ubkT[D bJh B"A dotki/ bk fds/ rJ/, d;tK
frnkB dk p{jk nzdo jh j?. j/ frnkBtkB g[oy fJ; gZy s/ dhox
ftuko eoe/ fBoDk eo fe wfonk e"D j? <
gkT[D? gkDh nrBh ek w/b[] uzub ugb p[fX ek y/b[]
BT[ dotki/ d;tk d[nko[] p{fM o/ frnkBh J/j[ phuko[] (152)
d/jh wkNh p'b? gT[D[] p{fM o/ frnkBh w{nk j? eT[D]
gtB/ wfj gtB[ ;wkfJnk] i'fs wfj i'fs ofb ikfJnk]
wkNh wkNh j'Jh J/e] o'tB jko/ eh etB N/e]HHHH
ej[ BkBe r[fo Gow[ u[ekfJnk] Bk e'Jh wo? Bk nkt? ikfJnk] (885)
fJj sK ;gPN j'fJnk d/jh dh fwZNh, fwZNh ftu fwb rJh. gkDh
tkg; nkgD/ n;b/ ftu ik ;wkfJnk. nrBh w[V nrBh ftu ubh
rJh. jtk Gh tkg; ik g[Zih nkgD/ xo. e[M wfonk BjhA e/tb sZsK B/
(287)
fpyoe/ nkgDk ;[Gk pdb fbnk. o{g pdb frnk wfonk sK e[M Gh
BjhA. fco ;tkb g?dk j[zdk j? fe i' fwZNh d/ g{sb/ nzdo j;dk o'Adk
p'bdk d"Vdk ;h T[j feE/ ubk frnk < fit/A gtB gkDh fwZNh nrBh w[V
nkgD/ n;b/ ftu ik ;wkJh, eh fJj ;zGt BjhA fe i'sh i'sh ftu ob
ikt/ < ih jK ;zGt j?, r[opkDh fJjh ;/X pyP ojh j?. toBk d{i/ sK uko
jh sZs jB ^
;{oi feofD fwb/ ib ek ib[ j{nk okw]
i'sh i'fs obh ;zg{oB Ehnk okw] (846)
gkDh dk b'Nk T[bNk d/JhJ/ sK BIo nkT[Adk j? fe Xosh okjhA
jtk okjhA (ib tkPg) ;w[zdo ftu fwb frnk j?. fwZNh ;gPN fd;dh
j? fe rb e/ (w[odk dZpDk) iK ;Ve/ (nZr ftu ;kVBk) fwZNh ftu fwZNh
;wk rJh. go nrBh BIo BjhA nkT[Adh feE/ ubh rJh < fJj sK gZek
j? fe ;oho ftu skg (nrBh) w"i{d ;h, id'A wo frnk sk “mzYk” j'
frnk nrBh fBeb rJh, fd;dh feT[A BjhA < fpibh d/ pbZp, s/b$fxT[
s'A pbdk dhtk, beVhnK ftu bZrh nZr, id'A p[Mk fdZsh iKdh j?, sd'A
feZE/ ubh iKdh j? < ftPtkP Bkb nkfynk iKdk j? fe nkgD/ n;b/ ;{oi
ftu. fco ;oho ftu'A fBefbnk gzitK sZs “nkekP” (JhEo) ftu
tkg; frnk wzfBnk iKdk j?. Bk e'Jh wo? Bk nkt? ikfJ] (885) dk
i[nkp eh j' ;edk j? < r[opkDh sK ;gPN j? ^
gzu ss fwfb d/jh ek nkekok] xfN tfX e' eo? phukok] (1128)
nzdob/ iht pko/ r[opkDh pko pko ;tkb eodh j?, okj ftykT[Adh
j? ^
;[Bj[ o/ ` s{ eT[B ejk s/ nkfJU <
J/sh B ikBT[ e/she w[dfs ubs/ ypo B gkfJT[] (999)
;fsr[o{ ih Bkb fJj Gh ;wMkT[Ad/ jB, fe fJj ;z;ko wkB' pVk
jh ewI'o ekrI dk febQk j?. p; n?t/A bhgk g'uh nkfd eoe/ ybko fdZsk
j?. fit/A ekri s/ Iok e[ gkDh g? ikt/ sK ekri rb iKdk j?. ;kok
nkeko fvZr g?Adk j?. fJ;/ soQK ihtB s/ w"s ƒ ;wM'^
ekrd e'N[ fJj[ ir[ j? pg[o', ozrfB fujB us[okJh]
BkBh ;h p[zd gtB[ gfs y't? iBfw wo? fyB[ skJh] (1274)
(288)
;fsr[o{ fJZe j'o T[dkjoD d/ e/ ;wMkT[Ad/ jB fe GkJh gkDh ns/
jtk d/ ftueko s/o/ gqkD fNe/ j'J/ jB. Gkt fe fJjBK dh e'Jh gkfJdkoh
BjhA j?, p; fJZe fBnw (pzXB) j?.t/yD bJh nZyK (uzd ;{oi) ns/ pkeh
nzr p\P fdZs/ jB. iBw s'A b? e/ ;kok ihtB, woB se ;kohnK b'VK,
y[PhnK, fJ; Xosh T[FZgo (Xosh d/ gdkoE yk jzYk e/) g{ohnK eodk j?.
T[; f;oiDjko B/ i' e[M s?ƒ d/Dk ;h fJZe' tkoh Xosh ftu gk fdZsk, s{z
fJE'A ftXh g{ote eZY ns/ tos.
e'fN s/ sh; ik ufj gqG BkfJe d/ d/ s'fN Bkjh Gzvko]
T{X? GKv? eS[ B ;wkt? ;hX? nzfwqs[ go? fBjko] (503)
Xosh d/r fwb? fJe t/ok Gkr[ s/ok Gzvkoh]
Bk ;kp{o j't? fcfo wzr? Bkod eo/ y[nkoh] (1190)
j/ wB[Zy T[; f;qPNh ;kiD tkb/ eos/ ƒ :kd oZy^BkBe ;u
dksko[ f;Bkys[ e[dosh (141) fizBK ;wK Xosh s/ ftuoB dk fwfbnk j?,
B/e Bhsh Bkb fpsk e/, ;[oy[o{ j' e/ tkg; w[V, oZE ih d/ T[geko Bk
G[Zbh.
gkDh gqkD gtfD pzfX oky/ uzd[ ;{oi[ w[fy dhJ/]
woD ihtD eT[ Xosh dhBh J/s/ r[D ft;o/] (877)
gqwkswk dhnK nBzs tfvnkJhnK jB. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ftfrnkBe
sohe/ e[ods d/ G/d ;wMkT[D dk T[geko ehsk j?. fco Gh ;fsr[o{ ih
fBwosk ftu nkgD/ nkg ƒ fBwkDk iK ew neb jh nkyd/ oj/ jB. i'
T[jBK ehsk j?,bk;kBh j?, i' ftuko fdZs/ jB T[j wjkB jB. nkT[
;fsr[o{ nZr/ ;h; M[ekJhJ/. T[jBK d/ do;kJ/ wkor s/ uZbDk jh T[jBK dk
n;bh ;fseko j?.
j'o ;ohe[ j't? e'Jh s/ok fs;[ nkr? s[X[ nkyk]
s[X[ nkr? s[X? ;bkjh w? nzX/ BkT[A ;[ikyk] (1242)
[[[[
(289)