xp information information is everywhere in an organization employees must be able to obtain and...
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XPXPXPInformation• Information is everywhere in an organization
• Employees must be able to obtain and analyze the many different levels, formats, and granularities of organizational information to make decisions
• Successfully collecting, compiling, sorting, and analyzing information can provide tremendous insight into how an organization is performing
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XPXPXPDatabases
• Database – Collection of related data that can be stored in a
central location or in multiple locations – Usually a group of files
• File– Group of related records– All files are integrated
• Record – Group of related fields
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XPXPXPDatabases
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XPXPXPData-Driven Web Sites
• Data-driven Web site– Interface to a database– Retrieves data and allows users to enter data
• Improves access to information• Useful for: – E-commerce sites that need frequent updates – News sites that need regular updating of content – Forums and discussion groups – Subscription services, such as newsletters
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XPXPXPData-Driven Websites
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XPXPXPData-Driven Business Intelligence
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XPXPXPBI in Action: Law Enforcement
• Business intelligence (BI) – Used in law enforcement as well as in the business
world – www.crimemapping.com
• Richmond, Virginia – System generates BI reports that help pinpoint
crime patterns – Allocate manpower to days and locations where
crime likely to occur
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XPXPXPDATA WAREHOUSE
• Data warehouse – a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks
• The primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision-making purposes
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XPXPXPData Warehouse
• Data warehouse supports different types of analysis – Generates reports for decision making
• Online analytical processing (OLAP)– Generates business intelligence– Uses multiple sources of information and provides
multidimensional analysis– Hypercube– Drill down and drill up
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XPXPXPMultidimensional Analysis • Cube – common term for the representation of
multidimensional information
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XPXPXPThe Value of Quality Information • Business decisions are only as good as the
quality of the information used to make the decisions
• You never want to find yourself using technology to help you make a bad decision faster
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XPXPXPInformation Cleansing or Scrubbing• Accurate and complete information
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XPXPXPData Mining and Business Intelligence
• Data mining – the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
• Data-mining analysis– Discover patterns and relationships
• Cross-reference segments of an organization’s operations for comparison purposes
• Analyze large amounts of historical data quickly • To perform data mining users need data-mining tools– Data-mining tools helps users uncover BI
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XPXPXPData-mining
• Data-mining analysis– Discover patterns and relationships
• Reports– Cross-reference segments of an organization’s
operations for comparison purposes – Find patterns and trends that can’t be found with
databases – Analyze large amounts of historical data quickly
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XPXPXPRelational Database Management Systems• A database management system (DBMS) is a
software program that lets you create databases and then manipulate data in them
• In a relational database management system, data is organized as a collection of tables
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XPXPXPData Manipulation
• Add, delete, modify, and retrieve records from a database
• Query language– Structured Query Language (SQL) • Standard fourth-generation query language
used by many DBMS packages • SELECT statement
– Query by example (QBE)• Construct statement of query forms• Graphical interface
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XPXPXPOrganizing Data• Your first step in organizing data is to identify
the individual fields– The specific value, or content, of a field is
called the field value–A set of field values is called a record
• Next, you group related fields together into tables
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XPXPXPExhibit 3.1 Data Hierarchy
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XPXPXPDatabases and Relationships• A collection of related tables is called a database, or a
relational database• You connect the records in the separate tables
through a common field• A primary key is a field, or a collection of fields,
whose values uniquely identify each record in a table• When you include the primary key from one table as
a field in a second table to form a relationship between the two tables, it is called a foreign key in the second table
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XPXPXPDatabases and Relationships
New Perspectives on Microsoft Access 2010 20
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XPXPXPViewing Objects in the Navigation Pane
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XPXPXPEntering Records
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Query• A query is a question you ask about the data
stored in a database• The Simple Query Wizard allows you to select
records and fields quickly
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Form• A form is an object you use to enter, edit, and
view records in a database• You can design your own forms, use the Form
Wizard, or use the Form tool to create a simple form quickly and easily
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Form
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Report• A report is a formatted printout (or screen
display) of the contents of one or more tables in a database
• The Report tool places all the fields from a selected table or query
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Report
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XPXPXPCompacting and Repairing a Database
• Compacting a database rearranges the data and objects in a database to decrease its file size
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XPXPXPBacking Up and Restoring a Database• Backing up a database is the process of making
a copy of the database file to protect your database against loss or damage
• The Back Up Database command enables you to back up your database file from within the Access program, while you are working on your database
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