XVII century:A general crisis?

The 17th century is considered a World in crisis and transformationBut it wasn’t the same processin all the countries

For some countries, Crisis means…

CRISIS, WHAT CRISIS?

The irruption of bourgueoisie in Holland and England. They removed the nobility and became the main economic and political power in their countries

MERCANTILISMOr…How to obtain all the money we canFrom other countries and colonies

Colbert

EXPORTATIONSManufacturedGoods(textiles)600 E

IMPORTATIONSGold and silverCacao (from America)500 E

Protectionism:Let’s buy abroad less Than we sell…And we will be rich.

Taxes on trade

THE ABSOLUTISME

In the 17th century Monarchs increasedTheir power and Became absolute,

They ruled by God’sGrace, and no man Couldn’t oppose theirWill.

FEUDAL MONARCH

(no real power ofThe kings, dependingOn nobility)

AUTHORITARIAN MONARCH

(the kings strenghtTheir power thanksTo army, taxes…)

DATE: DATE:

ABSOLUTE MONARCH

(all the powers toThe kings, by God’sGrace)

DATE:

THE EVOLUTION OF MONARCHIES

Not all the countries accepted absolute monarchies: Holland and England developed Liberal regimes.

The parliamentHouse of commons.In London.

LIBERAL MONARCHY(ENGLAND, 1688):

King is under controlOf the paliament.

Religious FreedomFreedom of speech

Supported by theBourgueoisie.Capitalism.

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY(FRANCE, XVII century):

King abolishs Parliament or don’t callThem.Censorship, religious control

Agreement with theNobility and bourgueoisie.

Parliaments ,republics

Absolute monarchies

Civil wars

The thirty years war

Catholics (Spanish and austria) VS. Protestants (Germany, Sweden, Holland)

Peace of Westfalia and the beginning of tolerance in Europe

1648

1540-1690

Just for a start…Could you tell me why the planet Earth is moving around the sun?

Aristoteles said that theEarth was the centre of theuniverse. But…

Solar system, according Copernicus.

KEPLER vision of the solar system: ellipses, not circles.

GALILEO:The use of telescopes and anew Scientific method let him to Confirm the heliocentric system.

However, Galileo was condemn by the Church, and he had to refuse to his own theory in public trial

NEWTON:

NEWTON is able to give a mathematical foundation to all the physics discovered from 1540

«BAROQUE» is a word still inuse in the world of fashion andclothes design.What can it mean?

Characteristics:- XVII – XVIII century.

- It is the style used by absolute monarchies and the church to express their power.

- It is based on ostentation, decoration,motion and dramatism.

Compare and contrast…

BRAMANTE: VaticanoBORROMINISan CARLO Alle quatro fontane

ROME:Fontana de Trevi

VERSALLES:Hall of mirrors

Clerecía de Salamanca (XVII century) Obradoiro (santiago de Compostela XVIII cent.)

COMPARE AND CONTRAST…BERNINI

MICHELANGELLO

Proserpina kidnapping.«David» Ummmph!

EcstasisOf SantaTeresa

BERNNI:BaldaquinoSt. Peter

CHURRIGUERARetabloSan Esteban(Salamanca)

BAROQUE AND COUNTERREFORMATION

GREGORIO HERNÁNDEZ:Piedad.

SALZILLO (18th century)Easter sculptures.

SALZILLODramatism,Motion.

RUBENS: The taste for mythology.

Paris deciding who is the most beautiful godess

«¿A quién le daré laManzanita??»

«Oooh» «Yo la vi primero»

TENEBRISM:CARAVAGGIO

«Oye, dale a la luzQue no se ve un pimiento»

REMBRANDT:Anatomy lesson

REALISM AND PSYCHOLOGICALDEPTH

The everyday’s life: bodegones by ZURBARÁN

Vieja friendo huevosTenebrismo, realismo.

La Fragua de VulcanoMythological theme.Realism.

VELÁZQUEZ

Las hilanderasAtmosphereDepthRealism.

Venus del espejoMythologicalPainting more important thanDrawing.

LAS MENINAS

Velázquez

The princesses

The kings

Servants