yamashita, terutoshi director unafei 6 october 2015 an overview of diversion and the prison...
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YAMASHITA, TerutoshiDIRECTOR
UNAFEI
6 October 2015
An Overview of Diversion and the Prison Situation
for
PROFILE
2
1956 Year of Birth KAGOSHIMA Prefecture1979 Graduated from Faculty of Law, CHUO University
1984 Prosecutor for Tokyo→Kumamoto→Mito→Tokyo→Kokura P.P.O.s
1995 UNAFEI Faculty member
1998 Prosecutor for Yokohama P.P.O.
2000 ICD, Research and Training Institute of the MOJ in Osaka
2004 Deputy Director of Departments of Tokyo P.P.O.
2006 Counsel of the Office for Promoting Justice System Reform,Secretariat of the Cabinet
(TA in the Criminal Field)
(TA in the Civil & Commercial Field)
1982 Legal Trainee of the Legal Research and Training Institute, Supreme Court
2009.1 Deputy Chief Prosecutor of Mito District P.P.O.)
2010.1 Tokyo High P.P.O. (Director, General Affairs Department)
2010.8 Director ICD, RTI MOJ in Osaka
2012.7-2014 Chief Prosecutor of Kushiro & Wakayama District P.P.O.s)
YAMASHITA, TerutoshiDIRECTOR, UNAFEI
พระเจ้�าวรวงศ์�เธอ พระองค์�เจ้�าวรรไวทยากร กรมหม��นราธ�ปพงศ์�ประพ�นธ�� 1943
1956
(ナラーティップ・ポンプラパン親王)ワン・ワイタヤコーン親王
RELATION BETWEEN THAILAND & JAPAN
ChairmanUN General Assembly
法学博士
政雄藤吉
Prof. MASAO, Tokichi
重光葵 Minister of MOFA Mr. SHIGEMITSU, Mamoru3
VP
O A
ssociatio
nIn
Su
pp
ort o
fU
NA
FE
I’s A
ctivities(
2003~
)
UNAFEI’s Historyand Related Organizations
JAPAN1970
InternationalTraining Courses
etc.
MOJ
RTI
Research and Training InstituteUN Training Cooperation Department
personnel
Asia Crime Prevention Foundation
NGO
1982 established
support
4
JICAestablished
1974
UNAFEI
UN
JAPAN
1961Agreement
MOJ
1962 inaugurated
UNAFEI FAMILY
137 Countries Over 5,000 Alumuni
Thailand329
5
Characteristics1. Investigative Power of prosecutors
2. No private/police prosecution No grand jury and preliminary hearing
3. No wiretapping and undercover operation
4. Discretionary power to drop cases
5. Prosecution Review Commission
6. Tried by professional judges except lay judge system since 2009
7. No immunity and plea-bargaining
8. Beyond a reasonable doubt for initiating prosecution
9. Prohibition of Hearsay evidence
10. Appeal against fact-finding (including acquittal) and sentencing
6
An Overview of the Statistics (2013)
Occurrence of Crime (unknown to the police)
Reported cases
?
(1,900,000)
Identified suspects (880,000)
Reported cases
PenalCodeOffenses
Identified suspects (450,000)
SpecialLawOffenses
(Imprisonment) (23,000)
(Prosecution)
(Suspended) (32,000)
(90,000)
Non-prosecution
SummaryprosecutionProse-
cution
Sen-tencing
(830,000)
(310,000)
(100,000)(To Family Court)
1975 2005 2013
6,700 personsawaiting trial
55,000prisoners
1945
7
From White Paper on Crime (2014)
Prosecutorial Disposition (2003 - 2012)
8
30,000 in 2013
60,000 in 2013
From White Paper on Crime (2013)
Legal System and PracticesBehind Diversion
A. Exclusive Power of Prosecution
B. Discretionary Power of Non-prosecution
C. Degree of Certainty in Proving a Case for Prosecution
D. Utilization of Summary Procedure for Fine
E. Investigative Authority of Prosecutors
Criminal Procedure CodeArt. 248
Consideringthe character, age, environment of a suspectThe gravity of offenceCircumstances and situation after the offenceProsecution is not needed.
CriteriaNo written guidelinesUnwritten and/or customary law accumulated from the past practices
Criteria almost same as court judgementProof beyond a reasonable doubt
Importance of Interview
9
Yakuza (Japanese mafia)in the Prisons
10From White Paper on Crime (2012)
Yakuza (Mafia) in the Prisons
Population 120,000,000
Yakuza (mafia) 80,000
Prisons 60,000 ~ 87,000
Yakuza (mafia) 2,000 ~ 4,000
Shinkansen capacity 1,300One car for
100 passengersYakuza inShinkansen Prison 2 to 4 cars
Society 0.8 person
11
Prisoners for Drug Related Crimes(194 – 2013)
12
New female prisonersincluded
Total prisoners (%)
Female Prisoners (%)
New prisoners
prisoners newly sent to prisons for drug related crimes(1994 – 2013)
‘94 ‘98 ‘03 ‘08 ‘13From White Paper on Crime (2014)
Repeat Prisoners
Repeat offenders among prisoners newly sent to the prisons(1994 – 2013)
FemaleTotal
‘94 ‘98 ‘03 ‘08 ‘13 ‘94 ‘98 ‘03 ‘08 ‘13
(×100 persons)(×1000 persons)
1st imprisonment
1st imprisonment
Re-imprisonment Re-imprisonment
13
From White Paper on Crime (2013)
14
2013 Over 64 yrs 29.2%50 to 64 yrs 17.7%40 to 49 yrs 12.9%
30 to 39 yrs 11.7%
11.3%17.2%
20 to 29 yrsUnder 20 yrs
Elderly Female Prisoners(over 64 yrs) Newly Sent to Prisons
accounts for around 30 %
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1984 89 93 98 03 08 130
100
(%)
14
From White Paper on Crime (2014)
Elderly Prisoners(1994 - 2013)
15
1994 1998 2003 2008 2013
New
pris
oner
s ov
er 6
4 ye
ars
old
Eld
er p
rison
ers
Rat
e
(persons)
Elder prisoners newly sent to the prisons(1994 – 2013)
From White Paper on Crime (2014)
THANK YOUFOR YOUR
ATTENTION
Mt. Fuji