yang ti chris w

8/9/2019 Yang Ti Chris W

1/218

THE

Clear

Studies en.

e. Thirteenth

Century

rQzogs-chen

Text

by

Christopher James Wilkinson

ｃａｌｇａｒｙｾ

ALBERTA

APRIL, 1988

DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES

J . Wilkinson

1988

.

A

THESIS

SUBMITTED

TO THE

FACULTY OF

GRADUATE

STUDIES

;r; N PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

,FOR THE

DEGREE OF

MASTER OF ARTS


2/218

Abst rac t

Clear Meaning:

Studies on

a 13th

Century

rpzogs-chen Text

Chris topher James Wilkinson

i s thes i s i s devoted to a s tudy o f the

h is to ry

and

content

o f the

Tantra

o f

Great Unreif ied

Clear Meaning

or

sPros-bra l Pon-gsal Chen-po ' i rGyud

in

Tibetan (PBP).

The

PBP claims a very

ancien t

h is to ry , a ss er tin g

i t s

or ig ins to

be with the famed founder o f the Great Perfec t ion t r ad i t i on

dGa-rab rPo- r j e , who i s

thought

to

have l ived

in

the

f i r s t

century C.E.

\

The PBP i s a t reasure (gter-ma) t ex t , which

i s believed to have

been

hidden

in

Tibet

by the

teacher

Padmasambhava during the

eighth century

C.E. and discovered

by Guru Chos-kyi dBang-phyug in the t h i r t een th

century .

Guru

Chos-dbang

taught

t h i s

t ex t

in

the

year

1257,

and

it

was wri t t en

down

by one o f

h is

d i sc ip l e s . The PBP came

to

be

included

in the

grea t

co l l ec t ion of

Tant r ic

t ex t s known

as the

Hundred Thousand Tantras Q . the rNying-ma

(rNying-ma

rGVJ19

__ 'bum),

and

i s

found in

t h i s

col l ec t ion today. As

H i


3/218

such, the PBD

represen ts

the teachings of the rNying-ma

school of Tibetan Buddhism in

genera l ,

and t he i r t h i r t een th

century

mani fes ta t ion

in

par t i cu la r .

The essence of

the

teaching

o f

the PBD i s t ha t a l l

l i v ing beings have a pure awareness Ｈｲｩｧｾｰ｡Ｉ which i s non

con cept ua l, u ncon tr iv ed , and

the

fundamental

s t a t e

o f the

mind ｾＩＮ This aw areness

i s the

fundamental ground

on

which

both the deluded exper ience of samsara and the pure

exper ience

o f

nirvana

are

based.

When

t h i s

awareness

i s

f als ely in tu ite d based on the primary ignorance o f subjec t

objf; ct

dua l i ty

and

the

emotional

def i lements which

ar i se

from th i s

dua l i ty

there i s

the

exper ience of

samsara.

When

t h i s

awareness i s d i r ec t l y i n tu i t ed

it

i s Buddhahood i t s e l f .

The h is to ry

o f the PBD i s

fu l ly discussed

in th i s

thes i s , and a

th ema tic s tu dy

of the major poin ts made

in the

PBD i s presented in the main

body o f

the t he s i s .

The PBD

discusses top ics fundamental

to

the

Buddhology o f

the

rNying-ma school .

This

t hes i s

presents

the

PBD r s views on

the

Base ｾＩＬ

delus ion ,

the Buddha-kaya, wisdom, the

p ath , re co gn it io n,

and the Great

Perfec t ion

(rDzogs-chen)

veh ic l e . These

are

the major themes

presented in

the

PBD.

This

invest iga t ion

provides

an

in s igh t into

the

d octr in es o f

eso te r i c

Buddhism as

they

are re f l ec t ed

in

a primary t ex t ,

and

provides an i ns igh t in to a t r easu re

t ex t

of

the

rNying-ma school in

the

t h i r t een th century in pa r t i cu l a r .

iv


4/218

Acknowledgments

I wish to express my

deepes t thanks to

Dr. Eva Dargyay

fo r her i ns t ruc t ion , advice , guidance,

generosi ty ,

and

constan t support , as well as

for

permission to quote

extensive ly from her book, .Ilut Q.f

Esp te r i c

Buddhism in .

Tibe t . I thank Dr. Lesl ie Kawamura fo r h is cons tant

encou rag emen t a nd support . l ow e

thanks

to

Windsor

Viney

for

proofreading

my manuscr fpt . I want to thank the

R elig io us S tu die s facu l ty a t the

Universi ty

of

Calgary

fo r

much valuable in stru ct io n in the

course

of my s tudies . I

would also l ike to express

my

thanks

to

the people

and

government of Canada for

providing

an ins t i tu t ion and

program where s tudies such as my own a re

promoted

and

fur thered.

v


5/218

Table

of

Contents

Page

History of the Text. . . . . . . . .

1

Teaching of the PBD.

. . . . . . . . 3

The Colophon . . . . . . . .

. . ....

11

Transmission of the PBD.

. . . . . . 24

Contents

43

Methodology. . . . . . . . . . 52

The Base

57

Delusion 73

The

Buddha-kaya.

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

87

Wisdom. . .

. . ....

112

The

Path

. . . . . . . . . .

. .

124

Tit le Page . .

Approva l Page

. .

Abstract . . . .

Acknowledgements

.

Table of Contents.

Chapter

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

• • • • 1

i i

. . i i i

. . v

vi

v i


6/218

Recognition

.

The

Great

Perfection

.

Bibliography,

Works

Cited . .

Appendix A . . . . . . . . .

8.

9.

10.

Conclusion

. . . .

· . . . 149

· • • •

172

·

. . . . . . . . . . . 206

• . • . . 2'10

v i i


7/218

CHAPTER

1

History of

the

Text

7.b§. Tantra

Q.L

Great

Unre i f ied

Clear Meaning, or sPros-

Wl. ,Dop -g sa l Chen-po'

i

rGyud

in

the Tibetan language

(hereaf te r the PBD),

1

i s

a

t ex t belonging to the t r ad i t ion

o f e so te ric

Buddhism.

The t ex t i s a

discuss ion

on the view,

medi ta t ion ,

prac t i ce , and

r e su l t

of

what

it

holds

to be the

highes t path of Buddhism, the ｲｰｺｯｧｳｾ｣ｨ･ｮ

or Great

Perfec t ion .

I t s in tent ion i s

to expla in how

enl ightenment

1

The PBD

i s

contained

in

the rNying-ma

rGyud-tbum.

There

are current ly two

vers ions

of the rNying-ma rGYQd-'bum

ava i l ab l e . These a re :

1 )

Rnying.

mc.1 Rgyud

'Bum.

A.

Col l eg t i 9n21 Treasured Tan tr as T r an sl at ed during

t.Wit

Perigd

Q.t Fi r s t Propagation Qi.

Buddhism

in

.

Tibet ,

ed .

by

Dingo

Khyentse Rimpoche

(Thimpu,

Bhutan:

n.p. 1973) where the PBD

i s found

in

volume Cha p.374-608, and 2) Mtshams.....

Brag

Manuscript.

g i,

:tb. t

B.nJ.n.

b .

Rgyud 'Bum,

(Thimpu,

Bhutan:

National Libra ry ,

Royal ｇｯｶ･ｲｾｭ･ｮｴｯｦ

Bhutan,

1982)

where

the

PBD

i s

found

in

volume

XIII ,

p.1-296.

The vers ion o f

the

PBD

found

in the

1982

ed i t ion of the ｲｎｹｩｮｧｾｭ｡ .rGyud ....

ｾ

i s super ior with

r egard ' to spel l ing and sense ,

while

the 1973 v ers io n o cc as io na lly of fer s super ior readings .

Bo t hh a v e · b e e nu s e d i n

prepara t ion

for t h i s s tudy. Page

references

to

the PBD in th is

thes i s r e f e r to the

1982

version.

All t r an s l a . t l onso f the PBD in

t h i s

thes i s

are

my·,

own.


8/218

2

can be in sta nt ly in tu ite d

by

the prac t i t ioner ,wi thout

h is

re lying on any kind of

gradual

development or cu l t iva t ion of

sp i r i tua l qua l i t i e s . As a dia logue on the Great Perfec t ion

the

t ex t

r e j ec t s

the

common. Buddhist method of deal ingw.l th

, tbeabso lu te ,

for unllke more t rad i t iona l Buddhist works the

PBD uses pos l t ive language to descr ibe the ul t imate r ea l i ty .

In f ac t , the

PBD·

presents an

account

of

Buddhism

t ha t i s

almost

diamet r ica l ly opposed to the

t rad i t iona l renderings.

of

Buddhism

in many ways.

I t

i s the in tent ion

of th i s

thesis to discuss.

thePBD

in

fu l l .

I wil l begin, by presenting the his tory of

the

t ex t .

Then I

wi l l discuss

my

methodology

in

analyzing

the

t ex t .

I wil l then discuss the major

themes presented

in the

t ex t . Fina l ly I wil l conclude w ith af t

summary

of

the

important.

points

in

thePBD

and

the

areas

in

which

fur·ther

research i s needed.

I t i s

not

the

case

t ha t

the

ideas

presented

in

the PBD

are

new

to Buddhism.

The·

PBD i t s e l f

i s a

very

old

text ,2

though

perhaps

not

the oldes t to describe the Great

Perfec t ion

teachings.

The

t ransmission

of

the teachings of

the Great Perfect ion must cer ta in ly go back to the ar i s ing

of Tantr

ic Buddhism

in

India , perhaps

as ear ly

as

the

f i r s t

cen tu ryC .

E.

3

The

t each ings '

of

the

Great Perfec t ion 'a re ·

2 See p.21 of th i s

thes i s .

3 See p.33 of

th i s

thes i s .


9/218

3

general ly held to

have

been made immanent in th i s world by a

ce r t a in dGa'

-rab

rDo-rje , who received them di rec t ly from·

the Buddha.

I t

i s not , however,

from

the

h i s to r i ca l

Buddha

ｾｫｹ｡ｭｵｮｩ t ha t

dGa'

-rab

rDo-r je

received the teachings, but

from the ul t imate p rin cip le o f Buddhahood i t s e l f - - r ·e · fe r red

to

in the

PBD as rDo-rje 'Chang..

To understand the

hi s to r i c i ty of the

PBD it

wi l l . be

useful

to f i r s t examine

what the

t ex t

i t s e l f says

about i t s

his to ry .

Based

on th i s

information

and

a

careful

ana ly s i s .

o · f t he

t ex t

scholar ly

discussion of the

cla ims

made in

the t ex t wil l

follow.

Teaching

ｾ

To

get

an

immediate ins igh t

into

the s ty le

o·f

the

t ex t , as well as to see what the t ex t

i t s e l f

says about the

place

and

t ime

t ha t th i s teaching

was

given, I wil l now

quote

extensively from the opening passage

o f

the

t ex t :

In the Sanskr i t language of India

[ t h i s

book

i s ]

the:

Tilaka OUhakala,· Trad Ti laka Duhaka laTant ra

Mahatantra.

In

the T ib etan

language

it i s

the :

ｳｐｲｯｳｾ｢ｲ｡ｬｄｯｰｾｧｳ｡ｬ Chep-po' i

rGyud

[In the E nglis h language it i s :

Ib§. Tantra

ｾ

IU. Great

Unre lf ie d C le ar

Meaning]


10/218

4

Homage· to the Body,

Speech

and Mind of the

Omniscient and

Glo ri ou s Great

rDo-rje

'Chang

In the grea t ' l nbu i l t palace of the Thir ty

Three

(gods]

(Tul t ta )

ab ide s

the

ch i e f o f a l l

,

·Gods·. ·····

He i s surrounded by a re t inue o f subservient .

gods.

He stopped a confrontat ion which had

created a grea t

ba t t l e

among

the

asuras ,4

then

(gave] these

sacred ins t ruct ions

for

es tabl ishing

b l i s s :

Dharma Sarya

Tilaka

AbSJIl Rupi.tikaya

Triruka

Rusadup

ih i

.HAm.a,

Thus

I have a t

one

time heard:

T'heBlessedOne

Great Dor- r j e 'Chang , who i s

the ac tua l

i n tu i t i on o·f

se l f-awareness (Rang-

.tJr.g, rTogs-pa) , whose k5:ya

S

the force

4 Asuras are one of

the

s ix c las ses of

l iv ing

beings ... in

Buddhist cosmology. They are e xtreme ly env io us· o f the

-splendors of

the

gods

and

a re

excessively

devot.ed

to

ba t t l e .

For a fu l l

descr ipt ion seeSgam-po-pa,

IbJt Jewel QrnamentgL

Libera t ion,

t r ans la ted

by Herbert

Guenther;. (Berkeley:

Shambhala,

1971),

p.68.

5 Klya re fe r s to the s t a t e of

t rue

being.

This

technical

term i s

discussed

in de ta i l in th i s thes i s on

p.I

.


11/218

( r t sa l ) of

wisdom--

appears w ith out a

se l f

nature , who

ex is t s in

a

variety<

of

bodily

colors , who,

in

the

pose of

the equanimous

lo tu s pos it ion ,

ac ts

in a manner

which

,/

teaches

the

Kudradharma (phvag-rgya-chgs) for

he

i s

the kaya

0 f

wisdom whose countenance

i s

b r i l l i an t

c l a r i t y - -u nh in de re d in a l l the

ten di rec t ions , abides in the abode t o t a l ly

pure

by

i t s own nature know,n as

Lotus

Clear

5

Bl

i s s (Pad -ma bDe, ..g sa l) .

It s cause

i s

through

the ar i s ing

of

the force

of

wisdom in

unh inde red l ight .

I t i s caused by

the f ive

colors . I t s shape i s tha t ofa square . I t s

walls

are formed from precious

stones

of

the

f ive colors .

I t s palace , i s round. On

the

outs ide it i s enci rc led by

a

wheel of four ,

spokes.

I t

has tow ers. I t s center

courtyard

i s

fu l l

of

goddesses. I t s

four doors

have

dismounting

f a c i l i t i e s .

It

i s

endowed with

such

requ is i tes

as

dakinis

o·f many

kinds.

The

vajra

fence

a t

i t s

perimeter

i s

surrounded by lo tuses .

All

th i s

appears

without a s e l f nature , l ike a rainbow in the

atmosphere.

In

such

a grand , ce l e s t i a l pa l ace

abides

the Teacher

..

the Blessed

One,

the Great

rOo,..


12/218

r je

'Chang.

His

re t inue , the unhindered.

f or ce o fw ls dom ,

appears

as

the

f ive famil ies

Ｈｲｩｧｳｾｉｍ｡ｊＮ

The unhindered

force o f wisdom

also

[appears

as] male and female

[Bodhi

Jsa t tvas

and·

male

and

female Wrath fu l

Ones.

The

Lord of SecretsPhyag' na

rDo-r je

i s the re t inue of

so l i c i t a to r s .

dGa'

- rab

rDo-r je i s

the

r e t inue

·of

compilers . There

are also the f ive kinds of

dak in i s , and

these

f ive : The

Pac i f ie r of

Purna.,

the

Vajra

Wrath-faced

Woman,

the

Single Crown

Jewel

.Woman, the

Corpse

Eate r Shant with h is

rosary of sku.l ls , and

He

with Wings of

Vajra

Wind. Each of these has h is

own

re tinue o f

innumerable

dakinis .

At

t ha t t ime

the Lord of Secrets led

the

re t inue in

making a seven-fold

circumambulation

[o f

rDo-r je

'Chang].

Then,

s.i t t ing. down· before him,

[ the

Lord of

Secrets] addressed

the

Teacher with

these

words:

0,

0

Blessed One, Great rDo-r je 'Chang,

you who

have at ta ined

power. in

the force

of

the in tu i t ion ( r togs) o f the meaning

of s e l f

awareness, [you

who

areJ the

sel . f-perfected

three kayas

dwell ing in the .

mode

o f

the

6


13/218

.

Sambhogakaya,

(you

who

are)

unrei f ied

7

awareness,

p e rf ec ti on i n·

the

Dharmakay.a,

(you

who· are] the

unhindered·

force

of

f l icker ing.

( ' gyu-

ba

) ,

a r i s ing

as

the NirmanakSya, (you

•

who]

in

the way of the

Sambhogakaya,

are

not

es tabl ished by

s e l f nature

, (you who) remove

both

delu.si ;onandconceptual i za t ion , bringing

for th the benef i t 0 f 1 i v in9

beings:

Wben it

i s

near the moment o f

the

Kaliyuga (snylqs-:-

ma' i -dus) , the path which leads through . the

nine

vehicles i s very

lengthy.

The f ive '

pois.ons of

the

obscurat ions. are

very

r ipe

in

the

continuum.

Pious a 'spira t ions and

contemplation of

doc t r ina l

views are mentally

fabr icated

re l ig ion (blo-yi -chosh

I reques t the

sacred ins t ruct ions

(man,,-

n9S.9.)

of the Great Tantra of Unreif ied Clear

Meaning,

the ins t ruct ions

which show the

sudden

enlightenment

(cig,,-car)

Dharmaklya,.

which

rea l ize

the

way

0

f

being','

of

self-awareness,

the

ins t ruct ions

·which

cannot

be harmed

by

objec t s ,

(the

in s truc tion sl o f

se l f - l ibera t ion no matter

how the

two

forces

(of

good and

ev i l

l a r i s e ,

which

demonstrate

the grea t

meaning-

with the·

lamp. ·.of words, which comprehend

the

meaning .'


14/218

8 , ,

when known through

reading , and which are

decidedly

cer ta in

through

the

connection

of

words

and meaning.

6

The

presence

of a Sanskr i t name

a t

the beginning of the

t ex t

should

no t ·be taken as

a cer ta in sign

tha t the t ex t

was

or ig ina l ly composed· in

Sanskr i t .

It

i s possible tha t some

por t ions of the

t ex t are

t ru ly Banskr i

t

in

or· i -gin,while

the

poss ib i l i ty i s very

good

tha t the. majori ty o f the

t ex t i s

,Tibetan in or igin .

The Tibetan

t i t l e

i s not

a

t rans la t ion

of the

Sanskr i t

t i t l e . The English

ti

t i e tha t

1 have

offered i s a

t rans la t ion of the

Tibetan

t i t l e .

It i s

d i f f i cu l t to make sense of the Sanskr i t

t i t l e , except

for

not lng, tha tTJ . laka

i s

the Sanskr i t word for

the

Tibetan word

Thig ....l e .

7

In chapte r one hundred twen ty two of the PBD

are

l i s t ed

the v arious

nameso,f

the

t ex t .

8 None

of

these

names

has the

word

Thig-le

in i t . It i s most

l ik ely th at

th i s

Sanskr i t t i t l e

i s

as ,pur tous crea t ion

of

the Tibetan wri ter .

It

i s a lso

s ign i f ican t

tha t no,'

t rans la to r

of

the PRO

in to

Tibetan i sment loned in the

colophon.

9

6 PBD, pp.1-4.

7

Lokesh Cha,ndra,

Tibetan,

....

SMskr.i.t

Dictionary,

(Kyoto:

RlnsenBook Co.,

1982) ,p . l029 .

8 The PBD of fe r s , in t o t a l , seventeen di·£ferent· names fo r

i t s e l f . ,It also of·f&rs

spec i f ic '

reasons. fo r eacho , f these .

names,. For a

complete

l i s t i ng of the

names

of thePBD, see

appendix A.

9 See t h i s thes i s ,

p . l 1 f f

.•


15/218

In

the

openingpas.sagewe gain the

i n£ormat ion tha t the

Tantra was promulga,ted when

Indra,

the ru l e r of the Tu:Hta

beaven,

,had

conquered

the demi-gods or asu r as and required a

te ac hin g f or es tabl ishing

bl i s s . This unusua lpassa ,gewhich

precede,s the

t ex t

o f

the Tantra

i t s e l f i s

s ign i f ican t , for

in

the

dogma ,o f t rad, i t ional Buddhism, represented by t ex ts

such

as· The Jewel

Ornament··Qt

Libera t ion . the gods are

9

incapable

o·f

ga l n i ng t h e

Buddhist

teaching_

10

It

is ,

also

s ign i f ican t

tha,t

Indra i s not mentioned again

l n t h e

en t i re

tex t .

The implicat ion t ha t it was due

to

the need of the

,highest god o· ' f theworld

tha t

the

Tantracame in to

the

world

o f men shows

tha t ·

the t ex t

wishes

.. · from, , the .beginning,

to

proclaim

l,ts

divine

s t a tu s . 11

It

i s only a f t e r th i s

in troductory

passage tha t . we f ind

the sign'i£ica,nt, ,words ThllS have· I a t one

t ime

heard.,

These a re t hewordswh icb formall,ybeg·ln

the

T antra . A fte r

the formal beginning. of·· the Tantra wea r e to ld t ha t the

Blessed One

rDo-rje

'Chang

l ives ina grea t ce les t i a l

palace

in a land cal led

Lotus

Clear

Bl i s s , and th i s i s

the place

where the Tantra i s ac tua l ly taught . Many o ther c har ac te rs

are mentioned in th i s opening passage, but there are only

10 SeeSgam

....

po

....

pa, JewelQrpament ,p .68.

11

On

t h e ·

di f fe rence . between mundane ( ' j i g - r t ea ....pa,) and

supramundane.

( ' j i g

....

r t ep lu .

'das ....

pa)

gods

see

D;

S. Ruegg,

On the Supramundane

and the Divine in Buddhism,

Tibet

Journal , ＱＹＷＶｾ 3-4.


16/218

two

among those

mentioned t ha t ·

are mentioned again. These

10

are Phyag-narDo-rje ,

the

so l i c i to r

or ques t ioner ,

and

dGa'-

rab rOo-r je , the compiler. In the

ac tua l

body of the t ex t

Phyag ...na

rDo-rie i s iden t i f ied with rOo-r je 'Dzin-pai

and

e

the two names,

are

used J.nterchangjl.bl

Y

•

rOo-rj

e 'Chang

and

rDo-rje 'Oz i n -paa r e two

Tibetan

t ransla t ions for

the

Sanskr i t name.Vajradhara.

12

I t

therefore

turns

ou t

t ha t the

t ex t of

the PBD

i s

a

dia logue between ..

Vajradhara

(rOo-rje

'Chang)

and Vairadhara ·

(rOo

...r je 'Ozin..-pa).

In order ·.·to

avoid

confusion

I have l e f t the· names

in

the Tibe tan ra tbe r

than t rans la te .. them

in to

Sanskr i t .

As I have pointed

out , the t ex t of

tbe

PBD

i s a

dialogue between rOo-r je 'Chang and rOo-rje

'Ozin-pa.

Each

chapter

begins with

a quest ion

by rOo-rie 'Ozin-pa (Phyag-na

rDo-r ie , the. Lord

o-f

Secrets) which i s

followed by

rOo-rje

,Chang's

answer.

I t

i s

therefore the Lord

of Secre ts tha t

begins the

Tantra wi thb i s · r eques t

for the

paD

to be taught .

It i s immediately apparent tha t

many subjects.

of

cen t ra l

impo.rtance to

the·

- paD

are

ment ionedr

i g h t a t

-

the

beginning of the t ex t .

The

reques t for,

the

teachings of

Ins tan t

Enlightenment

and

the

comments


17/218

11

These are

. sub jec t s tha t -wi l l ,be -dea l twi tb

in

de t a i l

in th is

thes is .

-IWL

Colophon

Now t ha t

we

know

whe·re,

and·,

in

_

what company, the PBD

claims to have been taugb t , it wil l

bewor thwb i l e

to look

a t the PBD's

colophon.

The

colophon

a t tb e en d o ,f th e t ex t

descr ibes the t ransmission of the t ex t

from i t s

f i r s t

teaching

to

i t s being-

put

into

writ ing.

colophon:

Ratna BUa Halla

Here

i s

the

This Tantra

2 f

:t.b§..Great

Clear Meaping2L

th . Unificat ion- o f th . Buddba( ｓ｡ｮｧｳｾ｛ｧｹ｡ｳ

,mNyam-.sbygrQsm.

Ｙｓ｡ｬｾｭ｡ Chep-mo ' i rGyud)

which l i be ra t e s

by

perceiving

it

i s

oompletely f in ished .

Guhya

gTad

rGya rGya rGya/

gTad

rGya·

rGyarGya/gTadr-Gya

rGya

rGya.

This

Great Tantra

of

secre t saored

ins t ruct ions wa's-complied by

the - re t inue

o f

compilers ,

dGa'

-rab rDo-r je ,

-andse t fo - r th

in

words

and l e t t e r s .

He expla ined it

to

Guru

' Jam-dpaclbShes-gnyen.

He

expla ined it to

Guru ｾｲｩ Singha. He expla ined it to the

Guru

of Orgyan, Padma.

I , Padmasambhavao-f·

---Org.yan, dur,ing

tbe


18/218

12

degenerate

t ime

[of, t h e l a s t l fivehu-ndred,

[years )

have

hidden'

th i s

Great

Hothe ro f · a l l

the

Dharmas, th i s genera tor o f a l l th ings ,

enjoined and- per fec t as a

se l f - t r ea t i se

(rang-gzhungh 7b t. Gre at T aptra ··21·· UnreHiied ..'

Clear . Meaning for the

sake -of

persons, with

the th ree endowments fldaD::Qsum.. skyes..,bu) .

This meaning

o f the u-n:1fioatio&· o f sen t i en t

beings and Buddha

does

.

Dot r e ly

on hearing ,· ·· ·

th ink ing , or ｭ･､ｩｴ｡ｴｩｮｧｾ It i s .real ized.

by

i t s

teaching .. and

i s

c lear

by

i t s

reco. l lec t ion.

I t s

e.mpowerment is at ta ined

by

meeting.

with- i t , and l ibe ra t ion

by perceiving

i t .

A Dharma,

which

at , ta ins

the

r e su l t

i;n

th i s

way i s

l ike ,

a wish-ful£i l l ing, . - jewel

...

This

' secret t reasure of

Mind Treasure (thugs:=ater)

and

Repeated T.reasure(yanq=aterJ

13

f i l l s in

. incomple tenessesandga t he r s the f r agmen t s

.

This harvest of encounter ,

su·i tahle

fo r

prac t i ce ,

i s a jewel of the

' hear t .

f ru i t .

·for

the

eye

.

It is

a

13 Fo r a full . discuss ion of tre·asures and

t b ed i f f e r en t

types

tbereo 'f - ,seeTulku

ThondupRinpoche, Hidden

Teachings.

g , Tibet , An Explana t iop o f

. thslTerma

..· ·Tradi,tion o £

:tbJt

Hying cScho·Ql

g.f,

Buddh;ksm, . (London ' :WisdomPubl tca t ions ,

1986).


19/218


20/218

the

cave

of mKba-ri

dGye-rL I t

wil l be

Drought

,fo·rth

l n t h e

monkey

year.

Furthermore, the

mother ' and

son. are here ·

complete.

The

three Tantras

0

f

Further

Treasure are in the way of the son.

This

i s

because

the

potency of the

mother i s

here

condensed .

The

8up r emeTan t r a2 . i ,C l e a r

Meaning i s in t hewayo£ the mother. This i s

because

it generates . a l l th ings and i s

en jo in ed a s a s e l f - t r e a t i s e .

In

this 'way it

i s

profound, so it i s a Mind

Treasure

and i s not taught a t the

rank

of

a

Further ·Treasure.

In th i s

way tb e meani ngo f,th e

ｵｮＬｩｦｾｩ｣｡ｴｩｯｮﾷ

of

Buddba, .'

i s .

taug'ht

by

.

this;,

,so

may·

the,

Tafttra

come

to i t s place.

Some· wil l cover it

by the

darkness

o f

commentary. Some wil l block i t with the claw

o f i nt er pr et at io n .

Some wi l l poison it

with

the

content

.stomach o f scr iptura l .quota t io .n .

·Therefore

may the Pronounced Transmission

(bka' -brgyq.d)· find,.· i t s own

place .

I f it i s d i f f i cu l t to i n t e rp re t the

mea,ning,

re ly on the

Guru.. Make a hundred

accumulations

[0£ mer i t J a ndo f f e r mandalas,.

Examine. the s imi les minutely and ·apply them

14


21/218

15

to the> ｭ･｡ｮｩｮｧｾＮＬＮ 'There. i s only

l ibe ra t ion

by

.

examination.

May

th i s

meet w ith those

possessing

a mind'

of

profound

knowledge

and··

possessing,·

compas·s on. ,Why? ,Because th e e ssen ce o f the

Secret . Mantra

is '

profound knowledge.

I t , iGuhya tltYs.

rGya.

En Ma,HolThe

pronoaftcement··.of the,',Buddhas

of

the

th ree

t imes' has· . fa l len

a n a '

t reasure

· f inder

l ike

me, ·Chos-dbang.A supreme Tantra

of

Essence l ike

th i s

has come into my

possession This

i s

cer ta in ly the grea tes t

·miracle

amo,ng

the grea t

t

sNang-don

Dad--seng

of

gZhu

...

snyereque ,s ted

( th i s

Tan·tra,l from

the-

Nirmanaka.yaChos-kyi·

•

Lho-brag. in

the

year of the.

snake,

and

wrote

it . dowltc. By the v i r t u&wh i cha r i s e s f r om

th i s may this> Tantra o f

a l l

th ings

cont inua l ly

l ibe ra te

f 14,

It

wi l l be noted

t ha t

t h i s . colophon

hasthr ,ee .

d i s t i nc t

sec t ions .

The

f i r s t

i s the

account

o f i t s t ransmission

before

ente,r1ng

Tibet . Here'

we

.are· told·

t ha t the

compile·r

mentioned atthe

beginning o f the t ex t , dGa· ...

rab rOo-r je ,

14

PBD, p.286f.


22/218

16

composed,the-. PBD

in words

and Ie

t te ·rs . From dGa·l-rab

rDo

, , / ' :- : \

r j . e tbe ·

teaching

.went,·to

..

IJam.,.,dpa,l·bSbes,-gnyell,.

then

to ｾｲｩＭＯ

'\, '----.;/

Singha. and i · f i na l l y t o

Padmasambhava·.

The

next

secotion o,f,

thecolophon·;1s/Padmasambhava··s ·

account

,of

how he

hid

the

t e x t t n t h r e e places

so

tha t i t s teaching WGuldnot decl ine ,

with

adv· lceregarding the finding

andunders tandlng . of the

t ex t . Final ly there i s the-- sect ion discussing- the ...

revela t ion.

o f

t h ePBD ln

Tibet .

Here

we

are

-

to ld

t ha t

the

t ex t came to Guru·Chos-dbang

(Chos-kyi

dBang..,.phyug)· and was

iwri t ten downbyhis s tudent sNang-don Dad-seng.

t e l l s u s t h a t dGa '

-,rabrDo,.. .rjeputcen tur ies

C.E. ,15 so

t ha t .

tbey'

15 The coming

of ·

Buddhism-to Tibe t

i s

cUvidedbyTibe tan

ｨｩｾｳｴｯｲｩ｡ｮｳ

into· an

ｦｬＮ･ｾｲｬｹＮｳｰｲ･｡､ｦｦ .... (snga; ' dar),

repre.senting,, '

the

period

before · ·At i l , a · ' ca l l l e toTi 'be t ( 1042, C

.E.

landa

la te r

spread

(phYl-dar),.

represented

by

ｴｨ･Ｇﾷｰ･ｲｩｯ､｡ｦｴｾｾﾭ

Atiga came

to

Tibet .

See

Guiseppe·Tuccl,.

Ｎﾷｾｒ･ｬｩｧＮｩｯﾷｮｳﾷＮｩｩ

Tibet. . .. (Berk ele y: Uni.v ersity ｯｦＧＬｃ｡ｬｩｦＹｾｮｴ｡Ｌ .Pres's,

ｬ［ｑＨｏｾＧ

· , p . 19 ; andp

.250

.


23/218

17

might be

rediscovered

ina

l a t e r

per iod . The,PBD claims,

to

,have

been

hidden

byPadmasambhava

for

th i s

purpose.

One o f the

fea tures

o f

the· ·

' t reasure

t ex ts

i s t ha t

: theyare

of t enwr

i t t en

in

Dakinf Scr ip t . DakinI sc r ip t is

• l

wr i : t i ng t ha t .

can·

only be

unders,toodby.·

the

pers.on·, who has

the karm: c,·conneGtionto,

read

i t . To others lt may appear

as strange.

scr ibbl ings •.

The te:xt o f t he · treasure ' i s

w·ritten,,>on

wha, tare known as t1-yellow sc ro l l s (shgg-ser).. 16

Snob

scro:11s

may no t actual ly , be

ye l low and they

may. not

actnal ly

be sc ro l l s..

In

many cases

the

con t en t o£ a

t reasure

i s nothing more

t h a n a sm all scrap. of paper

with

s tr an ge w ritin gs on It.Thetreasure f inder who

uncovers

such a

yellow

sc ro l l

i s t hough , t t o ·

have the ab i ; l i t y t o

drawQuta ,nen t i r e t reasure ,

perhaps

of g rea t

length,

from

t h i s

myste.rious,

writing...

The

ra t ionale

fo r th i . s

s

t ha t

t'he

t reasure f inder

i s

be l ieved

to

have been one o f the or ig ina l

d is cip le s o f ,Padma,sambhava·,

in '

a

former- l i fe , ·wherebe o r

she

rece iv ,ed the

teaching o f

the t reasure

in

fu l l . Uponfinding

the

ye l lowsc r .o l l the memor·y o f tbi,s,.

prev iou-s l i£e

. i s

brought.fo-r · th, .and

the

t reasure

f inder

i s

able to

compose an

en t i re

teachiDg

..based.on it. Of·. course··,

it

may .a-laG'

be the,·

case

tha t

the

t reasure

found . , i s in fac t .a . complete

manuscript. a pa r t i a l manuscript , a r

even

some,other ,objec t .

16 See Tulku, ThondupRi,npacbe,.HiddeR.,TeaqhiJlgs., . .pp.l03,

127,

237.


24/218

18

· · s uahasan

.

image

0 f t h eBuddba . 17

As the PBD i s a t reasure there 1s some

d i f f i cu l t y

in

ar r iv ing a t what might be ca l l ed anUr - t ex t ,wbe th e r such a

t ex t

might

represent the

composition

of·

dGa'

- rab

rDo- r j e '

himsel f ,

the yellow

sc ro l l

hidden by

Padmasa·mbbava and- '

found'

by Guru Chos'-dbang,

or even . the t ex t

as composed

by

sNang-don

Dad-seng. The problem i s

compounded

by·· ,the· f ac t

t ha t the- PBD remained- . ·as···a copied manuscript.·.·

unt-il

the,·····

compl l a t i ono f · the Hundred

.

TbousandTantras2 . . tU.rHying-,ma

(rNying ,ma rGyud-'bum) ···begun .by Ratoa .. 9bing-pa·· ('1'403-1479)

and comple te d by

' J igs-med

gLlng-pa

Cborn

1729).18 Tbere are

v aria t io ns ln tbe t ex t o ·f th e· PBDln the· d i f f e r en t ed i t ions

o f the -Hundred Thous.and

T a n t r a s

ｾＮ

rNy1ng..,.ma,

yet these

amount

to .

nothing

more t hanmino rva r1an t s

i n r ead ing · s and>

spel1ings.

19

It

i s

safe to

assume

that ·

we

still

possess

the.

-t ex to . f ·

tbe,P,BDas

.Ratna

gL lng -pahad i t .

The s tages o f rev ·s·ion

t ha t

thePBD took betw een the-

f i r s t composi t lon ,ofdGa ' - rabrDo-r je and RatnagLing-pa '

s

inc1

uding l t 1nthe Mundred' l 'housand

Tantras

. -.Q;

.. t.bJl r,Hying

II@.;

are

d i f f i cu l t

to

determine. The t ex t of thePBD

does

17 Ib id , p.77.

18 See Eva Dargyay, lb l··lU.U.a· Esoter ic Buddhism.

a%ib e . t ,

(New ¥ork:SaIMlel ' l feiser ' ,

Inc·.-,.

1978)

p.7·O; .pr.1-44

....

14':7.

·Permirssio.n-to ..quote extensive ly from t h i s

work kindly

provided by·

Eva,/

Dargyay

•..

19 See

t h i s

the&ls p.l,notel. See. a lso Dargyay,

·Esgter lc ·Buddb, i s . ,pp.144ff ,

,and

186f£.


25/218

19

contain

in

it shor t fragments

of

a-mys,terious

wr i t ing ,

which

canbe · l e en · t i f l ed as daklnT ser ip t ...

2.0

•

' ·here

i s

no

s t a t emen twbe tbe r thesewr i t ings

are

theor ig . ina l conten t of

- the· t reasure , or .

whether- there

was more. Also to be

considered i s the fact· t ha t the quest ioner i s

｣｡ｬｬ･､ｐｨｹ｡ｧｾ

na

rDo-r:Je

in

t h e f i r s t two . - chap t e r s

o f t h ePBD· whi·le in

l a t e r chapters

hels

almost

alwa.ys

r e f e r r e d , t o a s

the

Lord·-

of

Secre ts

or rDo-rje

,Dzln-pa.. Anotber £ea t u r eo f t he ·

f i r s t twochap - t e r s

.

o fth e , t e ,x t i s

thelr-

discuss ion

of

the

force

of

good

(bzaM ,rtsal)

and the ·force ··of evi l - (09an-

wins over ev i l , yet af t e r

the

second

chap t e · r t he r e i s

no

discus-sion-of

-

these

poin-ts w-hatever.

evidence'

tha·t

the · f i r s t

two chapters

a.r.e.pe-rhaps ear l i e r

- · t hao the r e s t of the

volume. Each cbap t e ro f

the PBD

begins

with

a .

ques-tion from- the Lord of Secre ts which 1s followed

by rDo-r:Je

'Chang'S

a-nswer. There i s a very order ly

progress · i -onf r -omsu-b jec t to

subj ec t .

This

gives

the

impression·, t ha t

much

0 f the t ex t

may represent t -he

teachings·

o£ Guru Chos-dbangas given to h is disc ip les and written· -

,. downbysNang-don Dad-seng.

The

statements

in

the

colophon·that

t h i s

t ex t

£111s in

incomp.1:.etenesses and,

·ga·ther.s the

£rag:Jnents · ...

i,s

· s igni f icant .

The words are put . · i n t o t he _ mouth of Padmasambhava.,which

20

PBD,. p .9 l ,

288.


26/218

20

would seem to indicate tha t there were missing por t ions even

du r in g tb e e a rl y.h is to r y·o f t b e t ex t . Yet if

we

assume

· tbat

even

th i s colophon was . the composi t ion . ,ofGuruChos-dbang

then' , tbe . reference would

indicate

t ha t

the

t ex t was not

complete when it reached Gtl: '.u.Cbos-dbang·' s at tent ion. , The

statement t h a ' t t h e t e x t should be contemplated for f ·ifteen

years


27/218

21

suf f ic ien t fo r ' the -pu : rposes

of thepresen ' t s tudy

to

take the

t ex t as we have it conta ined in the Hundred Thousand, Tankas

Qt.

ｲｎｹｩｮｧｾｭ｡ＭＬ｡ｳｴｨ･｢｡ｳｩｳ of the

study.

The·re may be

some

doubt> as to·

whether, the

PBD. ,underwent. any serious, · '

changes

a t . the, handsofma·nuscr ipt _.

copie,rsbe·tween:bhe

.

t ime

These er rors

tend to

be 1 imi tad , ' however, to erro rs in '

spelli·ng,·and·, .·no,t . · toma,jor· '

re i .nterpreta

t ions

of .... meaning, . so· ·'

it

i s

pe·rhaps

..

-safe to say

that .

the, pr inc ipa l

form

of the,

·manuscriptremained the same

during

th i s

t ime. Thecolophon

informsu-s t ba · t the

t ex t

was. revea led ,dur ing the snake· year,

which

maybe· ,taken ..lll ' t h i s case to be the year 1257 .. 2.2 This

22 This da t - ecan

be determined

based on

the,i ·nformation

tha t

Guru

Chos

....

dbangwas

born,

in

'1212.

The

PBD,according

to the Great T re asur e DiscQyeries2.Li lwa.

Qhos-,obaD9,p.133,

i s one' of h is

f i r s tma j ' o r

ｴｲ･｡ｳｵｲ･､Ｇｬｳ｣ｯｶ･ｲｩ･ｳｾ＼ which he .

began

to make a t the

age of·

22. I f we

allow 15 years

0'£ .

contemplat ion. before

th eu nv ei l ln g; o f

the . teaching . this,

br ings ·us ' to · the year 1249. The

next 'snake

y,ear

-after

1249

i s 1257. I t i s

also

poss ible tha t the

t ex t was revealed

in

the

snake

year 1269,

one

year

c·

before

Garg,·

Chos-dbang's

death. ｉｴｩｳｮｯｴ･ｷｯｲｴｨｹＮｴｨ｡ｴｳｎ｡ｮｧＭ､ｯｮｄ｡､ｾｳ･ｮｧｲ･ｰｯｲｴｳ ....

t ha the ·wro te tbePBDdo·wn l n t h e snake year . I f Guru Chos

dbang 'discoveredthe, · . text · · f i f teenyear ,s be,fo·re .... reveal ing it

it would>

have· been

discovered·

in the t ige,r

year.·. - -

which

contradic t ,s the -pred ic t ion ····in the c010phontha t ..

the

text ·

wou,ldbe


28/218

22

i s · tbeea r -l ie s tda · te . tha · tmay sa f ely be given to

the

P·DD, as

the exac t

na,tu.reo£·

t he , t eachIng

handed

·dGwn·from

the.

Indian

·maste.rs to·Padmas·ambhava canno tbede te · rmined .

The au-thority o·f the PBD

doesno · t

come/.f·rom, i t s being

-

· t aughtby t ·heh · i s to r ica l ·Buddha

Sakyamuni. In

f ac t

the t ex t

i t se l f ,

states.

t ha t

The· teachers of the

past. .

such as '

including

the,

nine .

vehicles ,

....

as

.

the

sudden

penetra t ion,

-of'

awareness

in -order to remedy

the

>obscurat ionso£ the·

s ix

classes

10f

l iv ing beingsJ. , ,23 Another passage s t a t es :

I ,

the

gr .eatDor- r je 'Cbang,

thepe·rsonal

in tu i t ion

o f self-awar·eness,..

teach.wha.t;

ha,s

.not been taught pt eviously orbyano , the r ,

the

meaning wb:ichdoes·

not

dependo .n .hear ing ,

thinkl.ng, or

meditat ing,

the

Dharma

of

1 i

t t l e

toi l . aru:

of eas-ein.unders· tanding


29/218

23

the Dharma's,

which i s

the-

roo·t · o f a11 , the

ve l l i c1eso f samsa raandn i rvana , wh lch i s

the

uni f ica t ion ' of ,

transmis's'ion.,

satra

and,

sac red · · ins t ruc t ion , ·

the· e s s e n o e o f · t h e ·

awa,re ,ness ,the condensedmeaningwhlch

severs

ex t r emesandseve r s r e i f l c a t l on .

24

The;, PBD,' therefore,.,. actual l :y.. teaches· . a. doc,tr

i ne th ' a t · ·i,t

· ,c lalmswas,not ., t aught .by the h

l s to r lca18Qddha

.

p ro c la tmedby th e h i st o ri c al Buddha. be , a Buddhis,t

t ext?

The'

, an swerwl l l depend>

on

the

perspect ive

o f , t h e perso.n

in '

quest ion.

The Theravada t rad i t i on . 0'£ Buddhism' holds .that,

the Budd·ha·was a his to r ica l personage wbe· gained '

enlightenmen.t,

,taught:,

and,pass,ed

away

in ton i ' rvaaa .

For

t h i s t rad i t ion only the- t eachings

given.

o r authoci·zed' 'by

t b i s .h is

ta r

i c a l .Buddha·,

can·

be . considered orthodox.·

25

In.,,the

Mahayana,

, t radit ion.·

. there a re bel ieved to be . i,nnu'Marable

Buddhas, ... the Buddba. Sakyamunl.being' only one .

among,

them·.- '

The teachings

of,

any of these

Buddhas

could therefore be

24PBD,

p.IO.

25 See

Ja·netGyatso., Signs,

Memory,

and-H. story:

A

Tantric '

Buddhist

ｔｨ･ｯｲｹｯﾣｓ｣ｲｩｰｴｵＬｲ｡［ｬＮｔｲ｡ｮｳｭＭｳｳＬｩｯｮｾ

. Joqroa1gj ,

t.I:uL.

In te rna t iona l AssQciat ion gL Buddhi·st . Studies ' (Madison),

pp .•

7 -3L

See

especial ly

pp.

9-11.

-


30/218

considered ｯｲｴｨｯ､ｯｸｾＲＶ

24

The Vaj rayanaa l so upholid·s

the·

t rad

t ioD ofi ,nnuaerable ,Buddhas, ,but

in - t roduces the idea

of

aqiaq,ibuddha, , a r 'supreme Buddha, · that ' is thoU9bt h

torepresen, t

the qu:inte,ssential .

rea l

i

ty 0 fal l

Buddbahood. This

adibuddha

is refer red

to

in· t he rNying-ma t r ad i t ion

a s

Sama·ntbabha,ora or the Al'l Good. ThePBD

cla,ims

tha t t h i s

Samanthabhadra i s none, other

· tha ,nrDo-r j ·e

'. 'Chan9'bimsel 'f.27

.

In , thev , i , .wof ｖ｡ｪｲｾＬｹ｡ｦｴ｡ ,Buddhism t he teaeh ingsg ive ,n by t 'he

a41buddhaa,re.

mos tau tbo r i

t a t ive ,

for

they

are

thought

to

come

from ,. the

highes t pr inc ip le of· Buddhabood,. and

it i s

t h i s au,thortty tha t the

PBD, cla,ims. ,

From,thi ls ,perspect ive

i t ,

i s only

' fnfor

tuna te

'

t ha t t h eh i s t o ' r i c a l

Buddha did,

not

ＬｰｲｯｭｵｬＭｧＭ｡ｴ･ｴｨ･ｾＮ･｡ｯｨｩｮＹ

wb'lcb,rDo-rje Cha,ftg presents

in

the

PBD;

it i s

no-cause, for

quest ioning the.

au th ority o f the

teaohing.

From, a

scholar ly

point o f

view

there

i s

l i t t l e rea

SOft' '.

shou l ,d ' su f f l ce tha t a t ex t such. as

the PBD i s held·

to

be

··authoritative,·.·by

a·· , tradition

of,Buddblsm.

,The inves t lgat ion

o f

such>

a

t ex t wil l

only lead

to

a,

deeper understanding-of,

the

. brancho·f8uddbism,t 'hat

it represents .

t ransmission

Q[,

.:tti,., 'mll

I t

wi

11

beuse,fnl· a , t t b i s po i n t

.

to br ie f ly

discuss ,the, '

26lb . is i .

27 PBD ,p.24'•. ,


31/218

25

l ives

o f

the

holders of tbe, transmission,

as

presen tedby , the

t ex t .

,,,At

the

opening

o·f

the

PBD

weare

told

that,1'Do-r

je

'Chang i s

the actual · in tu i t ion o f

ｳ･ｬＧｦｾ｡ｷ｡ｲ･ｮ･ｳｳ

the

body

o f wisdom, the· princi;ple ·o f Buddhabood' as

represented.

by

the t h r e e · k a ya s .Ye t intbethirty eighth., . . ,cbapterof the

t an t r awe ' a r e

g'iven, a shortbiogra ,phy of Dorj·e Chang. This

passage

i s so unusual t ha t

it1s

worth quot ing in fu l l :

Tben aga i n t b e Lord· of Secre t s

addressed·

(rOo '1'je

',C.bang):

The

three

kayas are · unbindered

compassion

.. ,

SQ.>

how do·

t beyenac t

thepu;r,pose·····,

·0£· l iv ingoe , ings? '

The Teacher .... gave.

ｩｮｳｴｲｵｯｴｩｯｮＬｾ

Son

of

Noble .

Fami.ly

..,

1·

was bor·n.· a·s a

ch i ld ,who

·had

.

reached t beage o f e i g b t y e a r s .

Then, for . aper . iod, ·of e.igh,t years ·

I,

turned the,'

· y ,bee lo f the f ive wisdoms a t

t·ne

l i f e - t r ee o f

.profound.knowledge.. By Intu,ltion,.· I was

11berated

I

was put· in to

the

t rue

insp11'at ion .

. The·n,.

during

..

t h e · f i r s ' t

.

e igh t .year . s ,

I

came ..

£or , tb ,as

many.emana,tions .(Nirmana,)

and

·;wo,rked t ·hepurpose

[o f

1iv1.ogoe1ngs J .

I, removed

the;

torment

o f s u ff er i n g .f o r. th e

f i r s t r e t . i nue s ( i n l · t he . abode , .G fgod s · . · I


32/218

26

' s t rung a

· s i l k t b r eadw i th

a rosary ·of .pearls ,

then turned, the

wheel,

to

the

ou,tside.

In

order to ' l ibera , te others by . compassion ,1 was·','

- inspired

in

the

meaning o f enigmas

(Idem-po) 28

Then a g a i n a t t b e p e a k of the Burning Fire

Hou'ntain·,

I

saw wi th · · c e r t a i n ty , t he t r n th

. of

the Buddba. I

e»pla · inedthedhar.mas .of

,empty

appearance,

Ｈｳｮ｡ｮｧＺＺ｢｡ｾｳＬｴｯｮｧｾｰ｡

ｴｩＮｾ｣ｨｯｳｊＮ

Then

a t the Vulture Mountai,n> the

Great

ｔ｡ｮｴｲ｡ｳｾ

sec re t

and fabulous, were re leased

from' (mylHindf thugs» .

[They

were)

wrapped

in the vesse l o f

my

th roa t , s t re tched ou t on

the

lo tos

,of my· tOD9't8,i 'and:

scat tered

for.th

. ·bythe

consciousness

with,

the

q uali ty o f

five

aspects .

I

explained.

the Cuckoo gL.

Awarepess29 in a melodious voice, possessing

the

s ix ty branches

[o,f

a

Buddha,'

s v.oice h I

cu t

o f f

the doubt's

and

· re , i f ieat ions, o f the

28

This,

refer 's ,·,to the dis t inct ion-

bet,ween

def,lnit ,ive

meaning

Ｈｮｧ･ｳｾ､ｯｰＩＭ｡Ｌｮ､Ｌ

in te rpre tab le

ｭ･｡ｮｩｮｧＬＬＨ､ｲ｡ｮＹｾ､ｯｮｩＩＮ

Enigmas in .t h i s ' case, are in terpr ,etable presen ta t ' ionsof the

, . · t each i ,ng , ra ther thandi rec t .and .certai ,p·expla,nat ions.

29.

.,

ｋ Tb , i s i s a s h o r t t e x b o f s i x , l i ,nes.

The' t ex t ' has

beens tud ' ied bySamtenm·

Tibetan Clsdli;zatj ,on ,(New Del,b,i:,Manohar,

1985)

, pp. 272-282.


33/218

27

ret inue, '

s

minds·

(

bl2;)'.

In.my

twent ,yfer th

year ,

a t my

nirvana,

I

explained, the ｴｨｾ･･｡ｳｰ･｣ｴｳ

·of

mywl l l f z h a l

.

..,.

chems). For

the

purpo,se 0'£ fol lowers 1

explained..

the,

Unreified,···.·· Clear:.·, Meanina,

secondly

ｴ｢･Ｌｾｋｮｯｷｬ･､｡･ｩ

'Total ..

Ybera t ion

(9Cig.. .,.sbes· Kun...,.gljo.lJ30 C .. and·

· · th i rd ly tbe , Total··

Ga,theping.,

P r e c io u s Jewel.s

fRin...,.CheR

1Jm::.,

ｾ

1

put

them

down

for , tbe .purpose,o£· .

, . y fo l l o -we - r s . , t hose wbo a-re -without· the

fortune · o fmeet ing with me.,. .

I

l ikewise

pu,t

down. , tbe re l iquary of the·

three ·kayas.

Then

I (en,tered)

complete

Speak

these

words

fo,r·· the sake · . of the,

i ,future H

Thus·

be

.spoke.

From·,

the

·Great

Tantra··

2L

Unre i f ied.Clear

Meaning

th i s

i s . the t h i r ty eightb cha'pter>

whichteacbes

the mannero' f· the ·N.i rof lakaya

' s

•

30 This t ex t i s me·ntioned·

in

the·

.

hagiogr,aphyofGuru,Chos... , . ,

·-dbang···translated ·by··.

Eva,Darg,yay.(Dargyay....Es9.teric

····Buddhism,

p . l lO · ) ' rw ,he r ehe · r e ads t he t ex t to bi , 's ' fa ther . It i s no t ,

c lea r ,

however, whe t b e r t h i s t e x t

was

discovered by

Guru

Cho·s

....

dbangorby ' ano the r . I have

been

unable

. t o l oea t e

any

ex t a n t c opy . o . f t b e t e x t i t s e l

f .

31 It has not .beenposs . ib le . to loca te th is tex t

or

to

deter.mi·newhe

ther -or

,not it sst i l l e x t a a t

•


34/218

28

enact ing tbepurcpose

Cof l iv tng

beings l .

32

Tb i s s ho r t

antobiographytt

doe,s not

,inform,·

us o f · the

t ime

or place. t ha t

rDo....,rie'Cbang<

was

born

or give

us

any

his to r ica l ly

·soU>nd informationas

.

to

h is l i f e .

The·· s tory

has

the

charac ter o f many

hagiographies, o f

Siddhas

or

sp i r i t ua l t r a i n ing , and ,

does.

not

r epor t

any.

contact .

,with

a

t eache rofany ,k i ,nd . I t

l s s i gn i f i c a n t .,that th i s biography,

fouRd··,lnthe., ,PBll,. · s ta , testha. t

the·.PBD.was·.·taught, ' j u s t

before '

rDo-r je 'Chang.

entered

ca,mplete nirvana, i-ndica· t ing tha t

,the

present

exposit ion..

of the

PBD

wa·s· preached> afte·r tn,is

complete nirvana.

This opens , the 'ques t iono£

whether

t h i s ·

biography

i s

in fact

one o f

thefra ,gments

mentioned., la ,

the

....

colopbon,.

for · . £

it

were

an· inbe,rent par,t

o f thePBD it

cou-ld· ' ·not.mentlon,thePBDas .hav ingheen t augbt , ln · the pas t .

i s in

·,tbisi,nforma,t-ion

i s

·found.

Al though, · thls

biography.

·o f rDo-r je

'Chang:cmight.lead.

32PBD,p .78f f .

33 See· e .g .

Abhayadatta#, .

BuddhaJ·s Lions.

ﾷｾＯｌｩｶ･ｳＲｩＮｾＧ

｣ｅｩＮＨｊｬｲｴｹｾｆＹｵｲ

Siddhas , t rans la ted by James ,Robinson,

(Berkeley:

DbarmaPub:lisbing.: 19-7··9J.


35/218

29

the reader·

to

be l ieve that> he vas a t some po in t a human

r D o - r j e w a s

.

t he f . , i - r s tbuma,n t ransmi t te r

o f

the

Great

· .Perfec·t ion·(;r,Dzogs.....

cben)

teachings.

34

dGa-rabrOo-r je is held

by

the PBD· as the

redaetor o f

its t eaeh ings .and tbe- f i l ' s t

one

to ,wr i te tbem

down.

Eva DargyayLnt ·he 'B.ia..2.t,.Esoter Ie

.rDo ....

r . jewh ch· ' , readsas

f o l lows :

The

Lord,

of·

Secrets .' (gSanq-ba,· i

....

bdag=oo)'··

i ns t ruc ted tbe

Holders o f

Wisdom·.JRig .... ' ds in)

in Dbanalto'a .

in·

Uddly,ana,.·

the

contemporary '

•

•

There was a

. . l a rge

.

.ca l led bDe .,..byed-brtsegs -pa ; it was

,sur

reuaded

ｋｩｮＹｕｰ｡Ｌｲ｡ｪＮ｡ｾ［ and

Queen

sNa·IlCj,....ba ....g.sal-ba· ,-.-,·od-ldan.....

I I \a '

ﾷﾷｲ･ｳｩ､･､ｾＧﾷﾷＬ

there . Tbey, 'badada09h. ter

ca l led

SudbaJltmi;:

. s·be,

took

the

novice

v.ows, and

soon

af terwards

the ·fu11··.

monastic··

·v.ows. ··SQdhar;majl

..

·.·.toge·tber·

madi

tatecJ,-

aboa$.,

the,,'

¥oga·Tant · ra

(rna,1

....

·

· byor -gy i

....rgyud.).

ｓｵ､｢｡ｲｭｾ､ｲ･｡ｭ･､ﾷｴｨ｡ｴ a whi te man,

had

coma,..· .

wnowas. ' t1· t ter ly pu r ,e .andbeao t , i f aLHe

held.

a

c rys , ta lves 'se l· · w ,b i eb ·had the l e t te r s · i f · l ·

34

Dal'gyay,

Esote,r ic

...

ByddhisL.p, .19.,


36/218

hiim,.svA'hiengravedupon.

i t .

Three, t imes

..

he·,

•

se t

the vesse l .

upon the

cro,wn

of her

head,

30

and···'

l igh t ,

then ,shone from ,

i t .

Whi l e t b i s ·

' ,bappened, she

b eb e l d t h e t b r e e f o l d ·wo r l d

pe 'r fect ly and c lea r ly .

Not, longa.£ter

,.thls',

dream

·.the BhiksunI, -gave bi r th

to '

a

tr ue · so n

• •

o,f

the ,gods,.. She, however., was·

ve, ry asbamed·'

and

thus bad

,bad, thoughts:, Since the ch i ld

,was

born

withou t.

a

f a t h e r t h ewbo l e

world

heap;, when , this

cont·t·nued

> for thr,eedaysancfl

the.

chi , ld · . ,badno·t

ye . t d - i e d , t b e Bbiksun'I·

• •

' b e l i eved tbe , infant an lncar ,na t ion(sPrul -pa)

and t ookh lmback · in to

the

bouse., . All> the

gods and sp iEi · t scame

i

,to· pay.,

respe.ct, to

the '

,was seven

years old he

asked b i smo the r t o

be

allowed to dispute

·w i tb the

Pa t f i t s , the

schola rs .

because o f .bis te ,nder age. However , a · f terhe

ｨ｡､Ｎｲ･ｰ･｡ﾷｴ･､｢Ｌｩｾｲ･ｱＬｑ･ｳｴＮＬ

;he··stepped'.·i'flfront..,·.· ,

0£ the .,ft,ve


37/218

now th,e ,

,scholars- '

honoured, the, boy ,and,: gave

him the,name,Pra j .nabhava, T h e On e V,ho'se-·

Be lng i s W.l,sdom..

- Thak ing , : ,

wno'

<

was very'

pleased

. wi1:1hthi1-s·, 'oecur,r;ence,,' ｧ｡ｶｾ ,hinL the

.name ,

sLob-dpon,. dGa,,'-rao, ,rDo....r ;e ; ,under tb l s ,

name he, became, fa,lRGus., Becaasehis JDQ,t,her,

had once' thrown h1. ., on , the· ､ｵｳｴｾｨ･｡ｰ［ＬＮ he- was

also

known

as Ro-langs-bde-ba'

,or

Ro ....

langs,...'

tbal.,..mdog,

, Who,rose

Happy f roa ,

-bheDust ' t

o r

'The

Ashy,...paleOne,wbo rosefrom· .,the,,[N·s:b. '

In t e r r i b l e ,mou·a1:ain ,ranges

. ,and so l i tudes

where, the

,hungr,Y spi,r ' i ts ,his- ento;tlrage became

Ｌｾｶ･ｲﾥ

re I

ig ious

•

Af te r ,:

tbese· 'ascet i :c exerc1ses,. ,dGa .-rab,-'

r d e -r je k n e w , th e < e x o , te r ic , a n d ,t b e e s o te r ic

'

path; and mC ils,t · .o,f ,al l the,

sixty.,..four

by, a·'

hundred. thousand ,verses' o r· the ,rpzoqszcben.

rQo ....r je

....

sems-dpa'r

the

Being

o f

Uncbangeabi l i ty ,

,wbose

･ｭ｡ｮ｡ｴｩｯｮＬ､ｇ｡ＧＭｲ｡｢ｾｲ､ｯＬＮＬＮ .

31


38/218

32

empowermen.t:,Cdbang,..,bskur,,) . TogetheJ l- with.,··, the-

three

mKbal-'gro' c'ma, he

compiled

an,

....

index

C

dkar::chags l

of . the s i x t y - f ou r bya , h and r ed

thousand.

r[)zoQS' c'ghen,verses;

t h i s task took

three·

years •.

After· t ha t he wen t. :to the

cremation

,

gr-oUBcl' ,

·SI'tavana,

where'

many'

It

i s a t

t h i s

poi,nt,

in ,dGa -rab '

rDo-r; 'e ' ,

l i f e t h a t ' h e

comes in to ,c on ta ct with.- •

ｊ

bShes,.-gnyeft ,, 'the,nex:t,

holder of

the

l ineage ,o£ , thePBD. . The accoun,t,J:n·

'IK···IU.H,;

g,L


39/218

33

Teacher dGah-rab,...rdo·-rje appeared· i,n the·

midd l e o f a . ma,ss of l i gh t , surrounded· by

Spiritua.l··Beings.(mKha.

I

. .,lgro''''ma)..·,

He.

handed';

.

contai ·n.ed,therJ)zogs. .chepverses.

He d i

v·lded

these·

s ix ty ...f ou r ey a ··bund·ped,·:thousand.verses·

in to . the, ···Three..

o

,·Sect-iOfts. ,0£·· tbe . rDzogs-pa

...

' .

chen-po.

36

. . .

I t

i s

not

possib le ' to

aseer ta · in

the. de'gree·

of

his to r ica l

trtt·th,

tha t

' l i e s bebind , these · ' s to r ies , yet

they,

are

t l s e fu l i , n

· p rov id ingan

i n s i gh t l n t o the Buddbist

tradit.ioD svlew· of

the· ·bolders

of the· l ineage

of

teaching ..

Eva Da·rgyayhas.

proposed·

the year 52€ .

E..,

fo rdGa· ...r ab rDo

r j e , 37 while, . ·Tartbang,Tulku propo,ses the·yea.reS5

C.E. . fo r h is

b i r t h . 38

A. If.. Hanson.-Barber

a rgues t . ha t< tb i s . da t e ,

is. too '

ea r l y ' and sU,gges,ts

550. C.

E. as

a more

s uit ab le , d a te .

for ' ,

bim.

3

·

9

Hanson

....Barber·

s

method,s i n , reaeh ing . tb i s . da·te do

Dot.

appear tobeen t ,i r e l.ysound , ,40 wb, i le the .f i rs t cemtar,y ,da , ting

Dargyay,. Esoteric:

Buddhi.s.m#. .

p.21.

37 Dargya'Yi' Es,oterlc.Buddhj Sm,.P

.24.5

•.

38

TartbangTulku.;.:

.. CrystaLHirrH·,;- •.... p.182.

39

A.W.

ｈ｡ｮｳ･ｲｴｂ｡Ｇｲ｢･ｲ［Ｌｾｔｨ･ｬ､･ｮＭｴｩﾣｩ｣｡ｴｩｯｮ

·o-f·, dGa·

l

.

fab·, rao '

r: le , ff Journa·l.·,·S t,·tWl InterMtionalAssQciat i .on· .g ,f :

BtuidMst,

· ,Sbldies

.. ·fffad.i·son)

VoL

9

'no. 2. 1986 . ' p .5 '5-63 .

4.0'

There al'>e· two ·main weaknesse·s to Hansen-Barber 's

argament..

. Fi r r s t , · heucsesas tandard ' ;o f · · tair: ty-flve·ye 'ar.

spacings>between.,..each·master and·stude·nt·.. It i s poss'ible ···

tha t · a maste r ,be tb i · r ty

...

f ive year,s older

tha'n

..bis . s tuden t i


40/218

34

of dGa' - rab

rDo-r ie

accords with· the ac.counts provided. by

the

Buddbist

t radiot ton '

l t s e l f .

For

t h i s

r e a s o n i

t;·· i s

-

· fur therevidencebeeomesava

i lable .

Tulku '· repoJr 't s t ha ,t

he came

from·, a

vi l lage

j ,ust

west

o f

Vaj r a sana in

India,

and, was a Brahma,n'

known

as

ＬｳｎｹｩｮＹｾｰｯ

·Grub..,.pa. He

,was

an exper t i nS an s k , r i t , l i n gu i s t i c s ,

philosophy logi'c,.,

and

a r t .

kno:wledgehe was also known, as

' Jam,. ,(ipal. bShes-gmyen>,

(MaDju6r,imI't.ral.· .

TarthangTulku 's · . account

then,.

reports., the

same events

qQG.te.d,

above about· . hi ,smee,t ing,. wi

th.dGa:,f.,..rab.

rDo,...r·j.e.·.

41

Eva

Dargyayplaces

'Jam,...(lpal

bShes.,.gnye,n1sde'atb·

,:

in


41/218

In Ch lna i n the town

So-khyam ,a son fu l l

vi r tuous fa ther and ·h i s wife

who· were of.·

c lea r in te l lec , t ; · this s'ODwas;

.. tbe-T-eaeher

§ r I s imha .A t t h e ,

age

o f

f i f t een

,he· studied·

•

grammar. and .10g1cano

the,

other usual;,

scholar , - one; night , . in thetown, · .of .gSer ;-g11ng.

Avalokite ' .yara

appeared'

to him· and··

35

prophesied:

I··f·· you

r e a l l y a sp l r e · f o r the

Buddbabood, thengo to I nd i a t o t bec r ema t i on

ground,

..·80-sa4311n9 The· Ｇｔ･｡｣｢･ｲＬｾｲｉｳ ilJ'ha· .-.

' p u t h i s t r u s t

in , th

i s word.

S·ince.he

tbougbt

tha t tbe·o.t·he,r\· 'l,anva,sbou,ld a·lao. be. studied ,

studied··tbe,exoter. . ic

a,nd.,

the

asa t e r

iG ·'1'a-ntra···

with, the· .Teacher·,.BbelakIrtL, . ｾ

the vows 0 f amon k , . and for

, t h r e e

years

o,practiced,asce.ticismaccording

to

the

. ¥. iUya

ｳｹｳｴ･ｬｄＮＭＨｌ･ＬＮｲｵｬＬ･ｳﾷＬｦｯｲｴ｢･｣ｯｮ､ｴｬ･ｴﾷＬＨＧＩｦﾷＮｭｯｮｫｳＩＮｾ

AdlROni,s'hed

..

by,a ·pr .ophecyrepeatedly,

given.,

by

,

Ayaloki. te 'vara,he

se t out to India . -Because

･ｮ｣ｯｵｮｾ･ｲ･､ﾷＮｮｯ .. pain .·and'

hardship·,·, on

the

way.


42/218

36

Thus be came,

sa · f e ,and , soundto the crema


43/218


44/218

38

by the, Tibetans t ha t

during.

h is stay In-T ibe t

he

not

only ,

taught

val ious

s tudent s ·

about ·Buddb , i sm,b l l · th ld

many'

teach'ing-:sthrGugAout Tibet,

under

the. ear tb . , ' in rock·s,. in-,

temples, i n r i v e , r s and lak es , in the,

sky,.

e tc .

51

These '

biade'ft,

, teaehiings-.are'

kno'wn

, as ' t reasures .


45/218

encounter,. 55

39

Suob t ransmiss ions

.·'are

no t rej ,ected

b y '

the,

t r ad i t i on ,

b u t ra ther

are

taken

very

ser ious ly .

Tbe

colopnon ' ·Q· f tbe· PBD

does 'no t ,s- ta te that · it

was· received

by

Padmasambbava, , in

th is

way bu t by

ln te 'r ,pret ing

the,

transm;ission, in th i s way we

are

able to · expla in . , a ·

. transmis's4on t ha t 0 therw i s e m u s t b e c o n s idered inaut,he,ntic.

PBD, during> ,his, .s t a y i n T ' i . b e t

in , tbee,J;gh, th ' century 'C .•

E.

GuruChos--dbang,discovered

, t h i , s , t eacb ing ,and taugh t .

i t<

to

h is d i sc ip le .sNang.-aon, Dad.-seng, who wrote·

i t

down. Thus

Guru Cbos

...dbang,

wa,s

. a.

ver:y famou,st ' ransmit tero. ·£ the

teachei ;ngsof the

rHying,-ma .·

school,.

a-n.d',i:s

.

known

a,s, .

the,

secondgr:ea:t> .•

Discoverer..-Kill9,*S.6

Eva, Dargyay i :n,her , lUJi&.,.Q .

Esoter ic

Buddhi,sm,

Ul Tibe, t , .Ras, t rans la ted ,

a

biography o. f

ｇｵｲｵｃｨｯｳＭＭ､｢｡ＬｮＹＧｾ

t oo leng tby to be'

qua ted in ,

f u l l

he,rei,57

t 'herea, lso

ex , i s t s ,a£Ul lb iogcaphy o f h i tm tha t rema ins to

be

55 There, are· numerous

··accounts,·,of, sucheneounte rs .

For' an·

examp,le

see

Dar'9¥ay

Esotep,iq.Budgh4·sm· p 4,8,. Forabr

le f

,:cJisQU,ss, on o f

, th is type

of

' sp i r i , tua l .

t rans. iss, ion see

Gyatso,' Signs,

Memory

and

His.tor.y, , p •.

l0'.

See al'so 'Jh:llku', '

ThondupRlnpoche,Segre.: t

Teachi.ngs ,p. 90

•

56

8eeDargyay,

Eso,teric. Buddbi:sm..p. 104.,

57

.Dargyay,

· · 'soter

ＱＹＮｂｧ､､ｨＬｩｳｭｾＮ

ーｰｩＮｬＬｏ［ＳｾＱｽＹ •.


46/218

40

,,,bls

· l i f e .

Guru

Chos-dbang,·wa-s

born: i n t h eyea r 1212.•

59

His.

b i r t h

.

was at tended by. various miraculous-s igns .

He

received i·.

an

, intensiveeducati-o,n

..£roB\ a youncg age

in l i t e r a tu re , his to ry ,

and re; l lgioustrad. . t iGns.

At

the a g e o f t h i r t e e n h e h a d ' a

sp i r i t ua l v is ion in wbl:cbbe.

encountered

·Tara., ·Va;rasa . t tva ,

and a DakinI:.

•

He co ·n t inued . to rece ive · large . numbers

0

£

important

teachings:, and transmiss10n-s·

un t i l

the

age

0£·'

treaso·res· or :hidden·:- teachings .•.· He revealed·

eigh:teeamaj;or ·

treasu'res··

.a'nd· nu-mer0Us·.· ·mi.nor

' treasures,.

He·

prophesied

the:·',

Mongol- invasion. of._.Tibet ,a pr.ophecywhl.cb in · f ac t came· .

to

pass in . i

the year.. 1239. -60 Guru:-Cbos

...

dba,ng .·not .

only revealed·

'ma·ny .. ｨ copious l yonmanyaspec t s a £

BUddhistrellg;i,o.n.

He··

-d1ed in·.the.

year

1270·.

. Guru·

Ohos ...

dbang ,.

is·. known.· to

ba,ve· bad· eight ..

sp iritua.}:

.

sons, ,,61 yet the 'nameo£sNang.-don.

Dac):-seng.doesnot 'a,ppear:

58

ﾷＥｗｌａｵｴｑ｢ｩｦＩｱｲ｡ｰ｢ｙＺﾷｾｬｮｳｴｲｵ｣ｴｩＹｄｳＬＧＮＲＱ

.

Go,u,·

..

gBang..,.phyus:;. (J(yichu- Temp'1e-,..Paro,; Bha-·tan.:Ugyen-Tempal

; ( ;yal tsen,1979). Two volumes •

59 Datesaccord-ing.toDarg-yay.,

EsqUerie

Buddhism... ···p.103.,

60 Dargyay, Eso-tericBuddhd sm,p-.112.

61

DargyaY, .hgter ic

Bllddhi.sm,p.118.


47/218

41

There

.i s

no fur the r information

on

the

transmiss,ion,·of

thePBD' ,unt i l , i ts co l lec t ion in the Huodred Thou,sandTaptras

Q.f

:th it

rNyinq, , . .mabyRatna

'gLing- 'pa

(14o-3.,..14Q9l.

62

Ratna, ....

gLing.,..pa·· W&'S a · t re 'asu·re£inder h imse l f ,

and,

tbe compiler

·o,f·

the gr .eatcol lect ion, , ·of

rNyi,ng ma .

t an t ras . Vi t h r ega rd t o

h is compila t ion

of.

the rN,ying-ma.. Tant ras .EvaDarg ,yay

has

presented , tbefol lowing

account .

The, 'lDan--dkar ma

Catalogue,

o f the

Kanjur '

s t a t es

tbattbe

eso te r ic

T'antras

of

the

Vajrayana(gsang.,. .snaagsnana.,. .rgygd)

were

not··

included ,because they

were

dangerous { i f

s tudied. by

non,-qualcified

perso,nsl .

The

t ransmission of these

books .

and

the i r

ora l

t r ad l t ion ( l m.sl)had

become very

sca'rce

and, preciou,s


48/218

42

gTsang, tbecomple te , ora-l trad, , t ion, ·wa,s , not, '

handed

dow,n,

to: anybody witb, th . ,exeept io.D'of ,

Mes.,-sgom ' 9tan ,bzang po,

iDgTsang,. ·

.He .could, '.

not imag1ne th a t th is ora l

t r ad l

t i onwas to

,-be'

in te r rupted

so

soen.

.lJ be mas'te-r-Has -8go·m,

in

sp i t e of h is old age#·

taught and

gave, him;

, the

ins

t r uc t

ions , ,sftowinggre,a

t zea l

i ndo

In9

so fO.r a long,time

ｌ｡ｴ･ｲｯｮ＼Ｌｒ｡ｴｮ｡ｲＭｧｬＬｩｮｧｾｰ｡

compl1ed

the-

One. .·

Hundred

....

Thousand ,Tantras,

(rG¥ud....

,fbumJ i n , a

s ingle

ccollection , .at- the.,LbuD '9r,ub

....

pho,-brang,'

(palace)

.

in

Gru-sul . At f i r s t he-wrote i tin

Indian . ink- bu- t c l a t e ron in golden

t inc tu re ..

Thereupon he did,much,forthe .-di8sem:ina , t ion<

o·f· t · ) l i so ra l

t r ad i t i o l l : .Tbanks ,

to Ratna ....

Ｙ and

grea t

Discovero£

- .

Concealed , ' l ' reasares,

even , - today the .Tant ras

.

--of

the

Vajrayana (9saD9 &ngags '-9Yud ) are

ava,i lable for ' the Q,se.o·f,·ever.ybody l ike, a

wish,.,..bestowi.Dg jewel (c ln taun i , ) . i He, was,

e:xceedingly usefu1.to,- the whole ,rNYingzma....po' .

Doctrine.

63

' lb ispassage,shows,

,tlla

t , . the, te 'achings, of ,the .rHying ma,

t an t ras ' bad, almost f u l l y , d e c l i n e d a , t t h e

-

time,

of ,

Ratna·


49/218

43

tral ' lsmiss,ions .

in all

o f

T ibe t .

Ratna ｧｌｬｮｧｾｰ｡ edi ted, the mate,r ia ls ·he compi led i n , t o the

I t tmdredThousandTantras U tbi l rHying-rna

o r · l £ b e

preserved

them'

jus,t ,

as he

found·the,ln,,,, .

It

is nonetheless.> due to the

e£for ts ' ,o f

Ratila,gLlng pa t ha t

tbePBD ex is ts in the present

world··· and,

is .

a.val, lable

· for .

study., .

.

The

Huntkjed,·Thousa'pdTantras of·· ｾｲｈｶｬｮｱｾｭ｡Ｌﾷ｢｡ｳ been·

handed

down,

since

tbe, t ime,

o f

Ra,tna ,gLing.,..pa

and

,ex is ts

in

severaledit ions,· .a.nd,·eoples.Ai4 The ·PBD is £ound in,

al l .

known,','

cop;ies' o f ···tats,

co l lec t ion .

There' 'are

.

no,known colDIReatar-·ies. ontbe,PBD., Refer-enees '

to tbePBO·,· a r , e a l so

l a ck ing , i n , tbe ava , l ab l e '

b,istor ical ,

accounts 0'£,

, the , . transmiss,ion,

.o f

Buddhism,

,,In.·. T,lbe$.

The

,present s tudy l s pe r baps t ' he f i r s t , ex p lo r a t i on o f thePBD in

l e t te rs s ｩ •

.Coptepts

The

.. PSD· contains .

pag.es.

These,

ar:e

di 'v ided

.-.into,· one., hundred · twenty-three chapters •.· The·.·

chaptertitlesa re

' recorded

i n

the colophons o f each

chapter .

ｔｨ･Ｌｾ｣ｦｴ｡ｰＮｴ･ｲｴｩｴｬ･ｳ｡ｲ･Ｌ as, fo l lows:·

I .

Tbe,Baste

.Top,lc·and·tak, ng:·up

t h e t o p l c

(p . l )

.

2 •..

ｔ

lp. ,9 l.

3.The,way

,0£:be18g

o· f theBas& ( p

.• 12).


50/218

44

···4

.>Tbe'exlstentlal , , ;mode o f

· tbe:Base

andt ' heGrea tAppea rance

o f

the

Base,

(p.1S)

..

5,.

Th epa rt io u la rs o f

the

Base

(p . 18 ) .

6.·

ｔｨ･ＮＬ［Ｇｳｩｭｩｬ･ｳＮｴｨ｡ｴ･ｾ･ｭｰｬＧＬｩｦｹ

..

the',Ba5e (p .19L

7-. Th eway o £ Being

of· the

Base and

eft-titles;. and, the

recogni:·tion. of t heword -wh i cbsy -mbo l , i z e s t he ,made of,

appearancefp. 22 l .

8. A ｣

on

the Base and, its recogni t ion (,p,.,27L

9 . Thecomplete ·recogn. i t io ,n

o f ·Wisdom(p .30) .

10.

The·,wordstha , t

si-gnify

;w'isdo... .(,p.33·).··

11. ' The·com, ingfor th;o , f '

.

the force

o f

awarenessa ,nd , the

tota,lly ,pure

.

force (p . 34)

.

12. The words, wbis,h symbelize:th1s,

(p.3fH,.

13 • Thefo,rce ·in·,brle f

(p

.36)

•

14.

The

ornament ,andtbe ,p, lay,( .p .37}.

15. The words , for

ffor,nament ,and play

I,D

·br ie f

(p . 39).

16.

The

slgn,ifying; s lm l l e s f o r ornament , and ,,,play (p .40) .

,,17.

Teaches

t h a t l : n t h e pure·,. Base

there

-is,

. n ode l u s i onand ; '

t eaches

the th ree

bases,fordel ,us, on

l n t h e

appearanceo , fqua l i ty ·

(p . 4, l l . '

1'8 . 1 . ' becauseand

ti,me ofde: lus ion, fp

.,45),

19. The condi t ian · o f

de lus lan ,and tbede- lns lon

of; the obj,ect

,dur iog , the · 'i ll , te rmedia te 'ka lpa ,

,aloftg-with the·

condit·,ions

of the body (p .47 l

•

.

20.' The,manner, ·bk..wbi ieh, the ｩＬｮＬｴ･ＭｲＧｩｯｲ･ｯｮｾ･ｮＴｨ

[ o f se,nt: i len,t ,

,bein


51/218

45

23.

Tbecha rac te r i s , t i c s o f , the e lem ents , and , the> 'wayof , -

ar i s ing

and

way

of dissolving in 'combination, with tbe

,meaning

(p.53)

.

24 ..

-

Thethr,ee aeons (.p,.55).

,25.

The

coming ,£or th of

, the

two,RupakaYilsof compassio,n

·from

the Dbarmakay,a and, t ha t the', twokaya sdGno t ex i s t

in,

i t s e l f (p .

56) .

26.

The, way thek i ' ya i s c lea r

as amudrl , ' for

t he>d i sc ip leo f

,· pro'found',kROwledge,,'and,

its

ar i s ing

as

perfect ioft and

knowledge

in the · ,kaya oi tbe ' , disc ip le (p'.,59;)·.

27·.

·Tbe ·abode ·ofdwel l ingand

thethr'O'fte(,p. 60

) •

28.

The.'expl,anatlon,

o f

t he ·meaning .ofa .

throne,

.

(.p,.

'6·1,h

29.

,The

re t inue 0 £.theSambbogakay·a (p . 61

) .

30. The words

which

s ign i fy the SambbGgakaya, ( ·p.63h

,31.

/L ' ,begeneral , cha rac t e r i s t i c s 'and ﾷｴｨ･ｦｩＬｶ･ｦｾｭｬｬｩ･ｳ

conio inedwi th , the

femal,ecaRsorts· {p ;...

64l .

·32 . ,'l'he

r·etinue

o f

the;Sambhogak1iya jo ined t o t b e e s s enc e

o f

mean1ng

, (p.66). , ,

33. The

way

the liirmtnattaya comes·fo·r th in the world (p .6 8 ) •

•

,3,4.

T,he div l s io ·nsof · t he th ree kayas

(.p.

69)

.

35. The ,words

which

s ign i fy the .

t b ree

klyas

and the. '

·e f tumerat ions,o,f the

k .yas (p . 72) .


52/218

46

'Buddba i .n ,brief {p. 75) •

37.

The,

Ｇｂｨ｡ｧ｡Ｌｶ｡ｮＮＬＬＨ｢｣ｯｭｾｬ､｡ｮｾ

ｾ､Ｙｓｽ

o f t b e , ' ,

thl 'ee

kayas

th e

Buddha

Ｈｳ｡ｮｧｳｾｲｱｹ｡ｳＩ

,.

and

the way o f pur i fy i n g t h e

def i l emen t s (p

.76)

•

1 lv ing

be

1

ngs

)

(p.

78) .

39.

The

ph i l o sopb i c a l pe r spee t ' i ve s o f t h e e - i g h t v e h i e l e s

(p .

79) .

40., The

medLta t i ons o f thee lgb t , velli,cles. (p.'82:l,.,

41. Theac t lv i , t i e ' so f the ' e lgh tveh i c l e , s

(p. 84) •

42.

The

r e su l t s o f

the,

i nd iv idua l veh ic les ; tbe· doors

o f

(p

.. 85) •

43.

The

recogn,i;tion,

o f

the

,meaning,.

o f

At

together

with

ques t iGnsanda ,nswers (p . 87) .

44. The r e cogn i t i on , o f

th e t b r e e k a y a s inc luding.

,

the

· ,phenominaldlmens- ion, the

Dbarmakaya

,Q,f awareness (p. 91) .

45. The recogn ; i t i ono f t he , £ i , ve aspects o f ｷｩｳ､ｯｾＬＨｰ .• l,()O h

· ,46., ,The,pu,t·t4ng

in

order ;.o.,f theeightaccuMUlat io ,ns

and then

their ,·

reeogn.i. tion

.

(p

10,2).

'

47.

Goingbe 'yond . thecaQseof sa ,msara , . ,

sever ing l t s r oo · t s

£ rom the , e nd , a nd

recognizing

l t l p . 1 ( 5 ) .

48. Divid,ing the t h ree , t ime·sand, recogn,izing th.em

(p .108 ' ) .


53/218

47

51.·The·.· s-aered·· ins,true,t ionswbicb

condense,

t he ent er ,t ng ln to

recogAi.tioD.·.,(,p·.>120:l

..

yang ti chris w

Documents