YEAR 10 SEMESTER 1 EXAM REVISION (2012)

NAME BIOLOGY SECTION

1. Define the following terms and include examples where appropriate:-

a. Extinctionb. Reproductionc. Asexual Reproductiond. Sexual Reproductione. Pollinationf. Fertilizationg. Organellesh. DNAi. Chromatinj. Chromosome

2. Match the organisms in the left hand column with the correct reproductive method in the right hand column. Write the response in the organism’s box. The first has been done for you.

ORGANISM REPRODUCTIVE METHOD

1. Sea StarsC,H A. Sexual Reproduction (Internal)

2. Tree of Life B. Sexual Reproduction (External)

3. Bamboo

C. Asexual Reproduction

E. Simple Fission

4. Strawberries F. Spores

5. Bacteria G. Budding

6. Elephant H. Regeneration

7. Salmon

D. Vegetative Reproduction

I. Runners8. Onion

9. Grass J. Leaves

10. Potatoes K. Bulbs

11. Jarrah Tree L. Rhizomes

12. Frog M. Tubers

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of A and B in the above table? (Logic question!)

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k. Meiosisl. Mitosism. Variationn. Inheritanceo. Genep. Alleleq. Dominant gener. Recessive genes. Phenotypet. Genotypeu. Homozygousv. Heterozygousw. Punnet Square

4. Fill in the following table regarding the Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction.

5. Label the following diagrams of the male and female reproductive organs. (sperm duct, Prostate gland, testis, Scrotum, Penis, Bladder, Urethra, Ovary, Fallopian tube, Uterus, Vagina, Anus.)

http://www.student.loretto.org/anatomyphys/Keydiagram-female--ReproductiveSystem.jpg

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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

1.

2.

1.

2.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

1.

2.

1.

2.

6. Fill in the following diagram with the most appropriate word.

7. Label the following diagram of the flower. What are the function/s of each part? What are the collective names for parts (D, E, F), and (G, H)?

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Cow Bull

Fertilization

Zygote

New Individual

A

D

C

B

G

F E

H

A

J

I

H ***

G

F ***

E

D ***

C

B

K

J

9. Label the following diagram of the cell and give the functions of the parts labelled ***.

10. Draw a sketch of a DNA molecule. Label all the parts. What are the similarities and difference between DNA, Chromatin, and a Chromosome?

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SKETCH SIMILARITIES –

DIFFERENCES –

10. In pea plants, smooth seed (S) is dominant to wrinkled seed (s).a. Give the possible genotypes of the following:

i. Wrinkled seedii. Smooth seed

b. Give the possible phenotypes of the following:i. ss

ii. Ssiii. SS

c. In the following give the genotypes, phenotypes, and percentages of the offspring expected:i. Homozygous smooth seed X homozygous wrinkled seed

ii. Heterozygous smooth seed X heterozygous smooth seediii. Heterozygous smooth seed X homozygous wrinkled seed

11. In humans assume brown eye colour (B) is dominant to blue colouration, (b). [The situation is much more complicated than this but make this simplified assumption for the purposes of doing the question.]

a. What would be the percentage chance that two blue-eyed parent will have a blue-eyed baby?b. What would be the chance of two brown-eyed parents having a blue-eyed baby?

12. Apart from the shape of the seed in pea plants as stated in question 10, pea plant flowers can be one of two colours – red (dominant) or white. (Show all working in completing the question.)

a. Why is this NOT a form of Co-dominance?b. What would be the result of a cross between a heterozygous red-flowered pea plant with a white-flowered

plant?13. In pigs, black skin is dominant to red skin. How could you tell if a black skinned pig is pure breeding or a hybrid?14.

a. In the vinegar fly Drosophila, red eye colour is dominant over pink. A number of heterozygous red-eyed flies were interbred and a total of 1680 offspring were produced. What would be the expected number of pink-eyed flies, (it will be an approximated number) Show all of your working.

b. Why is there a statement in the previous question that calculated numbers will be an ‘approximation’?c. In what ways will your calculations for co-dominance (or incomplete dominance) be different to

dominant/recessive characteristics in the above question?15. What are the similarities and differences between co-dominance and incomplete dominance?16. Hair shape in humans can either be straight, curly, or wavy. If two wavy-haired parents are expecting a child, what

chance is there that it will also be wavy-haired? Show all working!17. In Andalusian chickens, feathers can be of three colours; black, black splashed white, or blue (being the intermediate/co-

dominant form). If a white chicken and blue rooster are crossed how many out of a bakers dozen will be;a. blue,b. black splashed white, orc. white

18. Snapdragon flowers show incomplete dominance. If a red snapdragon is crossed with a white snapdragon, what will be the likely outcomes of the F1 and F2 generations?

19. Radish plants show incomplete dominance. The three phenotypes in radish shapes are long, round, or oval. If 70 seeds are produced from a cross between an oval and round plants, how many are expected to be;

a. longb. roundc. oval

20. In some cattle species, coat colour can either be white, red, or roan. Whilst roan descriptively could be an indicator of incomplete dominance, it is actually co-dominance where 1 hair is red and the next is white.

a. How can this situation cause this confusion, and b. if two roan cattle are mated, what will be the likely outcomes?

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9. The diagram to the right shows an adult cell containing 4 chromosomes. The cell is about to divide through the process of meiosis. Complete the diagram showing the chromosomes in each of the cells produced. Why are there 4 chromosomes in the first cell, and why are there pairs that look exactly the same? What name would you give to the final 4 cells made?

4He2

CHEMISTRY SECTION

1. Define each of the following words so that you can differentiate between them:- ELEMENT and COMPOUND, ATOM and MOLECULE

2. Label each of the following parts on the atom.

a. What is the name of this atom? b. Why are the 2 parts labelled “E” different?c. In what ways does this relate to the above atom?

d. If you pick up an atom off the ground how many electron should there be?e. What are the relative charges, position and relative masses of each of the particles found in an atom?f. What has Subiaco Oval got to do with an atom?

3. What is an ISOTOPE? Draw and name the 3 types of hydrogen isotopes to illustrate your answer.

4. Fill in the following table.

SYMBOL NAME ATOMIC NUMBER

MASS NUMBER

NUMBER OF PROTONS

NUMBER OF NEUTRONS

NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

12C6

Carbon 6 12 6 6 6

Br 80 35

195 78 78

137Ba56

80 80

Copper 29

Calcium ion

23 2+Mg12

Selenium ion 32

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B

D

C

AE

Hydrogen isotope 1 Hydrogen isotope 2 Hydrogen isotope 31H1

2H1

3H1

33 36

5. Write down the electron configuration of the following atoms/ions. Sodium atom, Phosphorus atom, Neon atom, and Beryllium ion. Draw each of the atoms including the electrons surrounding the atom.

6. Review the Periodic Table. Label each of the following parts:- periods, groups, valencies, metals, non-metals, solids/liquids/gases at room temperature, alkali metals, alkali earth metals, transition metals, halogens, noble gases, and the ‘Kachoonga’ line.

7. Why can it be said that the Chloride ion is, in one way, similar to the noble gas Argon? Draw the 2 atoms to illustrate your answer.

8. Fill in the following table by writing the correct formulae.

FLUORIDE NITRIDE SULPHITE PHOSPHATE

POTASSIUM

STRONTIUM

COPPER III

AMMONIUM

IRON IV

CHROMIUM VI

NICKEL III

ALUMINIUM

9. Fill in the following table by either giving the name or the formula of the missing part.

NAME FORMULADihydrogen monoxide

NH3

Sulphur trioxideSiO2

Dinitrogen tetroxideS2Cl4

Oxygen dichlorideCH4

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Sulphur hexafluoride

10. What is the difference between the bonding in the compounds in question 8, and that of the bonding in the compounds of question 9?

11. What are chemical reactions? Where do you find the products, and where the reactants in an equation. What are subscripts and why are they used in equations?

12. What is the meaning of the law in chemistry stated as “The law of the Conservation of Mass.?” What implications does it have for you in chemical reactions?

13. Write balanced DISSOCIATION equations for the soluble solids potassium sulphate, and magnesium chloride.14. Using a solubility table write down a balanced precipitation equation leaving out the spectator ions. If there are no

precipitates produced then write down no reaction.

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS MIXED BALANCED PRECIPITATION EQUATION SPECTATOR

IONSLead II nitrate and

Potassium hydroxideCopper II sulphate and

aluminium chloride

2Fe3+(aq) + 3CO3

2-(aq) Fe2(CO3)3 (s) SO4

2- and K+

+ Fe3S2 (s)CH3COO- and

K+Barium hydroxide and

magnesium iodideStrontium II iodide and

Barium hydroxide

+ Ca3(PO4)2 OH- and NH4+

15. Complete the following table on General Reactions by giving the missing reactants or products. Look and learn the patterns that you can see in the table. Use it as a mnemonic to remember the General Equations.

REACTANTS PRODUCTS

1. ACID + METAL HYDROXIDE

2. SALT + HYDROGEN GAS

16. Give the names or formula for the following covalent molecular elements and compounds: N2, Oxygen gas, F2, Cl2, Bromine gas, I2, H2O, Carbon dioxide, CO, Nitrogen dioxide, SO2, SO3, HNO3, Hydrogen chloride, H2SO4, Trihydrogen phosphate, CH3COOH.

17. Give the name or formula of the following acids: H2SO4, Nitric acid, HCl, Phosphoric acid, Acetic acid.18. Give the name or formula of the following bases NaOH, Calcium hydroxide, and Magnesium hydroxide.

19. Write fully balanced equations for each of the following reactionsNEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS

a. hydrochloric acid is added to calcium hydroxide solutionb. magnesium hydroxide is added to phosphoric acidc. aluminium hydroxide mixed with phosphoric acidd. nickel IV hydroxide and sulphuric acid are mixede. barium hydroxide mixed with nitric acid

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ACID-METAL REACTIONSf. zinc mixed with hydrochloric acidg. magnesium added to phosphoric acidh. aluminium added to acetic acidi. aluminium and phosphoric acidj. iron II and nitric acid

ADDITIONAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS20. Fill in the following table. The first has been done for you.

NAME SYMBOL No. PROTONS No. NEUTRONS

No. ELECTRONS

Hydride 1 0 2

Iodide

Magnesium

Oxygen

Lead VI ion

Nitride

Potassium ion

Iron III ion

Bromine

Copper I

21. Write the formula for the following.a. Carbon monoxideb. Barium chloridec. Sulphur dioxided. Iron II nitratee. Carbon tetrachloride

22. Write the name for each of the following chemicals.a. O2

b. SO3

c. MnO2

d. Cr(PO4)2

e. Fe(NO2)4

23. Balance the following questions where necessary.a. HgO Hg + O2

b. Pb(NO3)2 PbO + NO2 + O2

c. HCl + Al AlCl3 + H2

d. Na2O2 +H2O NaOH + O2

e. NH3 + O2 NO + H2Of. Na2CO3 + H3PO4 Na3PO4 + H2O + CO2

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1 -H 1

f. Ammonium phosphateg. Potassium nitriteh. Aluminium carbonatei. Sodium bicarbonatej. Iron VI carbonate

f. NaFg. KHCO3

h. AlPO4

i. Mg(NO3)2

j. Sn(SO3)2

g. C4H10 + O2 CO2 + H2Oh. S8 + O2 SO2

i. Al + O2 Al2O3

j. ZnO + Al Al2O3 + Zn

24. Write the correct formula for each and then balance the equations.a. Neutralization of nitric acid with potassium hydroxide solutionb. Solid tin II (a reactive metal) dropped into sulphuric acidc. White phosphorus explodes on contact with air producing phosphorus pentoxided. Sodium hydroxide is added to phosphoric acid

PHYSICS SECTION

1. When determining velocity, 3 variables need to be taken into account. What are they?2. What is the difference between scalars and vectors? Give three examples of each.3. What is the difference between DISPLACEMENT in speed and velocity calculations? Give an example of these

differences such as for a car travelling in a circular path.Uniform Velocity

4. Calculate the answers to the following questions. Show full setting out and all partial answers in completing the question. Underline your final answer.

a. Find the average velocity (in km/h) of a car that travels 3300 meters in 2 minutes.b. A body travels at 360cm in 0.002 seconds. Find the average velocity in m/s.c. A car travels 110m in 2.75 seconds. What is its velocity in km/h?d. A body travelling at an average velocity of 15m/s takes 2.8 hours to travel in a straight line. What is its

displacement from its starting point? Give your answer in km.e. Calculate the displacement of a body (in km) that travels at 35m/s for 12s.f. How long does it take a human to travel 118m at 0.004 km/h?g. How long would it take a car to travel a distance of 450m if its velocity is 35m/s. h. For question g above, give the speed of the car in km/h.i. Calculate the distance travelled in 2.5 seconds at a speed of 14m/s.j. Do you need to give a direction in your answer for question (i) above? Why or why not?k. A car moves at 5m/s for 2minutes, then at 4m/s for 3 minutes. Find the average velocity for the journey.l. A motorbike moves at 8m/s for 3.5 minutes, then at 4m/s for 4.4 hours. Find the average velocity for the

whole journey. (Answer in m/s.)m. A car is to travel 13km. Find (a) the time it would take at 20m/s and (b) the time saved travelling at 30m/s

instead of 20m/s?Uniform Acceleration

5. Calculate the answers to the following questions. Show full setting out and all partial answers in completing the question. Underline your final answer.

a. Find the acceleration of a car that increases its velocity from 35m/s to 105 m/s in 3.5 seconds.b. A body changes its velocity from 30 to 18m/s in 6 seconds. What is its acceleration?c. A car experiences a deceleration of -4m/s2 over the space of 2 seconds. If its initial velocity was 17m/s,

what is its final velocity?d. A motorbike is travelling at 4m/s. What is its final velocity if it accelerates at 3m/s2 for 5 seconds?e. A dragster, starting from rest, reaches a speed of 180km/h in a time of 5 seconds.

i. What is its final velocity in m/s?ii. What is the acceleration in m/s2?

f. If a truck has an initial velocity of 2300cm/s and it is accelerated at 15cm/s2 for 25seconds, find the final velocity in m/s.

g. A car takes 6 seconds to be retarded from 57m/s to rest. Calculate its acceleration.h. A train is decelerating at 13m/s2. Find its initial velocity if after 12 seconds it had slowed to 40m/s.i. A skydiver jumps out of a stationary helicopter, and under the influence of gravity, it takes the person 2.02

seconds to fall 20 metres vertically down. What is the person’s final velocity at this point? (Neglect any wind or frictional factors.)

j. A train moving with a velocity of 25m/s over a time of 8 seconds, slows to 5m/s. What is the deceleration of the train?

k. A car is slowed uniformly from 45km/h to rest in 6 seconds. Calculate its acceleration in m/s2.l. A car is decelerating at 13m/s2. Find the initial velocity if after 12 seconds it had slowed to 10 m/s.

Displacement of an Accelerating Body – Horizontal Motion6. Calculate the answers to the following question. Show full setting out and all partial answers in completing the question.

Underline your final answer.a. A car starts from rest and moves with an acceleration of 18m/s2 for 40 seconds. Find

i. the final velocity and

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ii. the displacement of the car over this time.b. A car is moving at 144 km/h. if it is then accelerated uniformly at 5m/s2 for 6 seconds, find

i. the final velocity and ii. displacement over this time.

c. Find the final velocity and the displacement of a car that moves at 12m/s, from rest, for 4 seconds.d. A motorbike is moving at 72 km/h. if it is then accelerated at 3m/s2 for 6 seconds, find

i. the final velocity and ii. displacement over this time.

e. A truck is accelerated at 5m/s2 for 4 seconds. If the displacement during this time is 64 metres, find the initial velocity.

Displacement of an Accelerating Body – Horizontal Motion (cont.)f. A truck moves from rest and experiences an acceleration of 4m/s2 for 4 seconds. Find the

i. final velocityii. averages velocity

iii. displacement over the time of the acceleration.g. A body has an initial velocity of 800cm/s. For 14 seconds it is uniformly accelerated at 50 cm/s2. calculate

its i. final velocity (in m/s) and

ii. displacement (in m) over the time of the accelerationh. A plane travels a total distance of 924m under the influence of an acceleration of 8m/s2. If it’s initial

velocity was 130m/s, how long was the accelerating force acting?i. A bicycle moving at 7.5m/s is accelerated at -1.25m/s2 for a 5.5 second period. Determine the

i. displacement andii. velocity at the end of this period

j. A car is stopped uniformly to rest from 45m/s in 6 seconds. Find thei. acceleration and

ii. the distance travelled over this time.k. A car over the space of 111m, experiences a retardation of 8m/s2. If the retardation was for 3 seconds, what

was the car’s initial velocity?l. Determine the time taken for a vehicle accelerated from rest at 2m/s2 to travel a distance of 43m.

Displacement of an Accelerating Body – Vertical Motion7. Calculate the answers to the following question. Show full setting out and all partial answers in completing the question.

Underline your final answer.a. A stone falls of the edge of a cliff and takes 13 seconds to strike the ground directly below. Determine the

i. velocity with which the stone strikes the ground and ii. the height of the cliff

b. A squash ball, once stuck in the light cage, falls to the floor. If it takes 1.7 seconds to reach the floor, what was the

i. final velocity of the ball andii. the height of the ceiling

c. An arrow is shot vertically down from a tree branch with an initial velocity of 17m/s. How far does the arrow travel in 3 seconds?

d. A Honky Nut breaks away from a branch 8 metres above your head.i. How long did it take to hit your head after breaking away from the branch?

ii. At what speed did it hit your head?e. A feather is placed in a complete vacuum. It falls under the influence of gravity over a distance of 2.2

metres.i. How long does it take to reach the base of the evacuated chamber?

ii. What is it’s final velocity?Constructing a displacement-time graph

8. Use the information in the following table to answer the questions which follow. The table show the results recorded from a ticker timer tape recording for an object travelling at a specific rate.(NB. Time interval gives the readings between two consecutive dots.)

Time Interval (seconds)

Cumulative Time (seconds)

Interval distance (cm)

Total Distance (cm)

0 0 0 00.02 20.02 40.02 40.02 40.02 70.02 7

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0.02 100.02 100.02 100.02 10

a. Complete the table.b. Plot a line graph of Cumulative time vs Total distance. (Label the axes and give the graph a title.)c. Describe how the object is moving whilst the measurements were taken.d. What is the average velocity of the object for the whole journey?

9. Calculate the required values for each of the following ticker tapes. (Calculate uniform velocity, and acceleration.)

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10.

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11. For each of the graphs in question 10, convert them into displacement – time graphs. (Optional Hard Question for the Quasi to Mega-intelligent people in the room!)

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