year 2 microbiology topics
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Microbiology topics for MBBS IITRANSCRIPT
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Microbiology Topics:Gram positive vs gram negative
Peptidoglycan Penicillin antibiotics
Extracellular structures Capsule – resists phagocytosis Fimbriae/pili – attachment Flagella – motility
Gene exchange Transformation Conjugation Transduction – bacteriophage
Anaerobes/aerobes Super-oxide dismutase/catalase hydrogen
peroxide and superoxide radicalQuantitative virulence
Lethal dose 50 Infectious dose 50
Pharyngitis Quinsy
o Unilateral pharyngeal paino Dysphagiao Deviated uvulao Tonsillar exudate
Otitis media Pneumonia, haemophilus, Moraxella Which ones can be vaccinated against? Complications: hearing loss, mastoiditis
cerebral abscess/cavernous sinus thrombosisSinusitis
Pathogenesis (blowing nose) Comp: meningitis, brain abscess, subdural
empyema, cavernous sinus thrombosis, orbital cellulitis, pott’s puffy tumour
Epiglottitis Presentation (drooling, fever, irritable,
dysphagia) High mortality Ceftriaxone Intubate
PneumoniaETEC
LT and ST Activates adenylate cyclase chloride Similar to cholera
EHEC Shiga toxin
Salmonella Pro-inflammatory cytokines activate innate
immune system inflammationShigella
Invasion, intracellular multiplication and adjacent spread
Comp: dehydration, septicaemia, keratoconjunctivitis, HUS
DrainageTriple therapy
Treatment for anaerobic infections (augmentin, piptaz, clindamycin, carbapenam)C. diff
Antibiotics predispose (which one most?) C.diff toxin cell cytotoxicity assay Rx: stop antibiotic, fluid replacement, surgery if
needed, oral or IV metro, oral vanc (why?)C. botulinum
Tetanospasmin retrograde axonal transport Pre-synaptic inhibitory synapses Metro, debride, tetanus Ig, ICU
Urine collection Low level, high contamination, sterile Protein, blood, nitrate reductase, leukocyte
esteraseHospital vs community
Ecoli for both Pseudomas more in hospital
Skin and soft tissue When in doubt guess pyogenes or aureus
Hot tub folliculitis (pseudomonas)Impetigo (bullous – staph)Paronychia – s aureusCellulitis (spontaneous/wound staph or pyogenes fluclox)Fresh water – aeromonas hydrophila/salt water vibro vulnifcusDog/cat – pasteurella multocidaNec fasc – pyogenes, staph, perfringens debridementMastitis - GBSOpportunistic pathogens (Cryptococcus neoformans) vs prmary pathogens (Cryptococcus gattii)Structural differences between basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and zygomycetesDermatophytes?Meningitis
Acute vs chronic Presentation Neisseria, pneumonia, influenza, listeria, ecoli,
GBS LP, IV ceftriaxone, dexamethasone if
pneumococcal Vaccine prevention which capsular types? (BC)